{"id":118,"date":"2025-08-19T19:30:43","date_gmt":"2025-08-19T12:30:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/pardons-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-09-08T08:29:51","modified_gmt":"2026-09-08T01:29:51","slug":"pardons-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/pardons-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Appels et gr\u00e2ces en Tha\u00eflande : Guide complet pour les expatri\u00e9s"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le syst\u00e8me judiciaire tha\u00eflandais offre des alternatives apr\u00e8s une condamnation. Il est \u00e9galement possible de contester un jugement. Pour les expatri\u00e9s, il est essentiel de bien comprendre les proc\u00e9dures d&#039;appel, de gr\u00e2ce et de r\u00e9insertion en Tha\u00eflande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img alt=\"Infographie sur les gr\u00e2ces en Tha\u00eflande, les appels \u00e0 la r\u00e9habilitation et l&#039;\u00e9chelle de justice\" class=\"wp-image-28325 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/pardon-in-thailand-appeals-rehabilitation-683x1024.png\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#understanding-thailands-court-system-structure\">Understanding Thailand\u2019s Court System Structure<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-appeals-process-in-thailand\">La proc\u00e9dure d&#039;appel en Tha\u00eflande<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#civil-appeals-a-different-framework\">Appels civils\u00a0: un cadre diff\u00e9rent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#royal-pardons-collective-and-individual-clemency\">Gr\u00e2ces royales en Tha\u00eflande : cl\u00e9mence collective et individuelle<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#rehabilitation-programs-and-early-release-mechanisms\">Programmes de r\u00e9adaptation et m\u00e9canismes de lib\u00e9ration anticip\u00e9e<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#criminal-record-expungement-and-rehabilitation\">Effacement du casier judiciaire et r\u00e9habilitation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#special-considerations-for-expatriates\">Consid\u00e9rations particuli\u00e8res pour les expatri\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#practical-steps-for-expatriates\">\u00c9tapes pratiques pour les expatri\u00e9s<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#fa-qs-about-pardons-in-thailand\">FAQ sur les gr\u00e2ces en Tha\u00eflande<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"understanding-thailands-court-system-structure\"><strong>Understanding Thailand\u2019s Court System Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand operates a three-tier court system that forms the foundation for all appeals processes. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/court-of-first-instance\/\">Tribunaux de premi\u00e8re instance<\/a> handle the first trials. Then, cases go to the Court of Appeals. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Cour supr\u00eame<\/a> (Dika) hears civil petitions only if permission is granted under the 2015 Civil Procedure Code amendments. Unlike many Western systems, Thailand does not use jury trials: all decisions are made by judges. This civil law system is influenced by European legal traditions. In this system, cases are decided based on written laws, not past legal decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For expatriates, it is important to know that all court proceedings happen in Thai. That is the law rather than a custom: Civil Procedure Code section 46 requires the proceedings, the pleadings and the case file to be in Thai, requires a certified translation of any document filed in a foreign language, and requires the party concerned to provide an interpreter for anyone before the court who does not understand Thai. Section 15 of the Criminal Procedure Code carries the same rule into criminal cases. Any documents in other languages must be officially translated. Courts often try to complete a witness once examination begins, but hearings still run on scheduled dates. The primarily adversarial process makes sure both the prosecution and defense can equally question witnesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-appeals-process-in-thailand\"><strong>La proc\u00e9dure d&#039;appel en Tha\u00eflande<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"criminal-appeals-rights-and-procedures\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/supreme-court-processes-in-thailand-appeal\/\">Appels en mati\u00e8re p\u00e9nale\u00a0: droits et proc\u00e9dures<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s criminal appeal system allows defendants convicted of criminal offenses to challenge decisions through multiple levels of review. The process begins at the Court of Appeals and can proceed to the Supreme Court under specific circumstances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"timeline-and-filing-requirements\"><strong>Calendrier et exigences de d\u00e9p\u00f4t<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You cannot appeal on the facts where the maximum penalty prescribed by law is imprisonment of not more than three years, or a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/fine\/\">bien<\/a> of not more than 60,000 baht, or both. Four exceptions in section 193 bis of the Criminal Procedure Code let the defendant appeal on the facts anyway, and they are set out below.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The deadline is <strong>un mois<\/strong> from the day the judgment is read, or is deemed to have been read, to the party appealing (section 198). It is one month and not thirty days, and the difference is real: a judgment read on 31 January must be appealed by 28 February, while thirty days would take you to 2 March and out of time. File with the court that gave the judgment; that court checks the appeal and sends it up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One trap catches foreign defendants in particular. Where the judgment imposes imprisonment or a heavier punishment and the defendant is not in custody, typically because he is on bail, section 198 paragraph three lets him file an appeal <strong>only if he presents himself to a court officer at the moment of filing<\/strong>. If he does not, the court must refuse the appeal. The rule does not apply where the imprisonment was suspended or has already been served in full.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the court of first instance refuses to accept the appeal, you have a further <strong>fifteen days<\/strong> from the day that order is read to petition the Court of Appeal against the refusal (section 198 bis). That court\u2019s decision on the point is final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"grounds-for-criminal-appeals\"><strong>Motifs d&#039;appel en mati\u00e8re p\u00e9nale<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Commun <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/supreme-court-processes-in-thailand-appeal\/\">motifs d&#039;appel en mati\u00e8re p\u00e9nale<\/a> Cela inclut les preuves admises ou \u00e9cart\u00e9es \u00e0 tort, ainsi que les restrictions au droit de contre-interroger les t\u00e9moins. La Constitution tha\u00eflandaise et le Code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale garantissent \u00e0 la d\u00e9fense le droit de contre-interroger les t\u00e9moins \u00e0 charge. Toute restriction de ce droit peut constituer un motif valable d&#039;appel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"restrictions-on-appeals\"><strong>Restrictions relatives aux appels<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not all criminal cases can be appealed on questions of fact. Section 193 bis bars a fact appeal where the maximum penalty prescribed by law is imprisonment of not more than three years, or a fine of not more than 60,000 baht, or both. Note that the test is the <strong>maximum the law allows for the offence<\/strong>, not the sentence you actually received. The same section then gives the defendant four ways back in: he was sentenced to imprisonment, or to confinement in lieu of imprisonment; he was sentenced to imprisonment but the court suspended the punishment; the court convicted him but suspended the determination of punishment; or he was fined more than 1,000 baht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 193 ter adds a separate route that does not depend on the sentence at all. A judge who tried the case, signed the judgment or wrote a dissent may certify that the point is an important question fit for the Court of Appeal, or the Director General of the Public Prosecution Department, or a prosecutor he has authorised, may certify in the appeal that there is good cause to decide it. Either certification revives an appeal the bar would otherwise stop.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A separate bar applies one level up. Where the court of first instance imposed imprisonment of not more than two years or a fine of not more than 40,000 baht, or both, and the Court of Appeal kept the penalty inside those limits, neither side may take a question of fact to the Supreme Court (section 219). The defendant escapes that bar if the Court of Appeal amended the judgment substantially and increased his penalty. And where both lower courts dismissed the charge, no party may go to the Supreme Court at all (section 220).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"civil-appeals-a-different-framework\"><strong>Appels civils\u00a0: un cadre diff\u00e9rent<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Civil appeals follow a different scheme. There is <strong>un<\/strong> money threshold, not two, and it bars only appeals on the facts: where the value of the property or the amount in dispute on appeal does not exceed <strong>50,000 baht<\/strong>, or such other amount as a royal decree prescribes, the parties may not appeal on questions of fact (Civil Procedure Code section 224). A point of law can still be appealed whatever the amount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three things get you past the bar: the trial judge recorded a dissent, or he certifies that there is reasonable ground to appeal, or the Chief Judge of the court of first instance or of the Region gives written leave. The bar also does not apply at all to cases about the status of a person or about family rights, or to claims for relief that cannot be valued in money, with a narrow exception for eviction where the rent is not more than 4,000 baht a month.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recent-changes-to-supreme-court-appeals\"><strong>Changements r\u00e9cents concernant les appels devant la Cour supr\u00eame<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 2015 amendments turned the civil Dika from a right into a privilege. Under Civil Procedure Code section 247 a Dika against a judgment or order of the Court of Appeal may now be brought <strong>only with leave of the Supreme Court<\/strong>. The application for leave goes in together with the Dika itself, filed at the court of first instance, within <strong>un mois<\/strong> from the day the Court of Appeal\u2019s judgment was read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Leave is granted where the question is an important one that the Supreme Court should decide. Section 249 lists <strong>six<\/strong> instances of that, not seven: a question bound up with the public interest or public order; a Court of Appeal decision on an important point of law that conflicts with, or departs from, the line of Supreme Court authority; an important point of law on which the Supreme Court has laid down no line at all; a Court of Appeal judgment that conflicts with a final judgment of another court; the development of legal interpretation; and any other important question set out in regulations of the President of the Supreme Court, which take effect once the plenary session approves them and they are published in the Government Gazette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the Supreme Court refuses leave, the Court of Appeal\u2019s judgment becomes final. A dissent in the Court of Appeal and a conflict with an international agreement are not on the statutory list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"appeals-process-timeline-and-costs\"><strong>D\u00e9lais et co\u00fbts de la proc\u00e9dure d&#039;appel<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In our experience an appeal takes something between eight months and two years at the Court of Appeal, and a Dika about the same again; that is a working estimate from practice, not a published service standard, and it moves with the court and the complexity of the file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Court fees in a civil case are charged on the amount in dispute under Table 1 of the Civil Procedure Code, as amended by the Civil Procedure Code Amendment Act (No. 24) B.E. 2551, and they are charged again on appeal on the amount still in dispute at that stage. The rate is commonly given as 2 per cent capped at 200,000 baht for claims up to 50 million, with a lower rate on the excess. Ask us to compute the exact figure for your claim before you file: the table is a schedule to the Code rather than a section of it, the caps have been amended, and the fee is one of the few costs in a Thai appeal you can know exactly in advance. A court may also require security for the sum in dispute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"royal-pardons-collective-and-individual-clemency\"><strong>Gr\u00e2ces royales en Tha\u00eflande : cl\u00e9mence collective et individuelle<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s royal pardon system represents one of the most significant forms of clemency available to prisoners. This system operates at His Majesty the King\u2019s discretion and can provide either complete release or sentence reduction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"collective-pardons\"><strong>Gr\u00e2ces collectives<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A collective pardon is granted by royal decree on a national or royal occasion, most often the King\u2019s birthday. On the 2025 decree the Department of Corrections reported that more than <strong>81,000<\/strong> prisoners were covered, of whom <strong>12,739<\/strong> were released immediately and the rest received remissions; those figures are the department\u2019s, not ours, and each decree sets its own bands. A collective pardon is initiated by the Cabinet, which submits the draft decree to His Majesty, so it requires no application from any individual prisoner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A collective pardon does not treat every prisoner alike, and each decree sets its own bands. Some inmates are released outright. Others receive a remission that brings their release date forward. Where a fine is unpaid and the prisoner is being held in lieu of paying it, the decree may cancel the fine or convert it, which releases him. Prisoners serving long sentences usually get a commutation and go on serving the shorter term.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 265 of the Criminal Procedure Code sets out what each of those actually does. An absolute and unconditional pardon means the punishment is not enforced at all; enforcement stops immediately if it has begun, and a fine already paid must be refunded in full. A commutation or a reduction leaves the remaining punishment enforceable. And in every case the pardon leaves untouched any liability under the judgment to return property, to pay its value or to pay compensation, so a victim\u2019s money claim survives the clemency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"individual-pardons\"><strong>Gr\u00e2ces individuelles<\/strong> en Tha\u00eflande<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An individual pardon has to be asked for. Once the case is <strong>final<\/strong>, the person under the judgment, or anyone with a related interest, may petition the King and may file that petition with the Minister of Justice (Criminal Procedure Code section 259). A petitioner already in prison may hand it to the warden or the prison commander, who must give a receipt and forward it (section 260). The Minister then puts it before the King with his own opinion on whether the pardon should be granted, and where nobody has petitioned at all the Minister may recommend a pardon on his own initiative (section 261).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three timing rules matter, and the first is regularly misstated. In a death penalty case the sixty days in section 262 is <strong>not a filing deadline<\/strong>: it is the period that must expire before the execution may be carried out, counted from the pronouncement of the judgment. Once a petition or a ministerial recommendation is in, the execution is stayed until sixty days after the Minister submitted it, and if the King rejects the petition the execution may go ahead sooner. What section 262 does limit is the number of attempts: for a person sentenced to death a pardon petition <strong>may be submitted only once<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For any other penalty there is no deadline, so a petition can be filed at any time after the case becomes final. But filing one <strong>does not stop the punishment<\/strong> being carried out in the meantime (section 263), and once a petition has been rejected a fresh one cannot be filed until <strong>deux ans<\/strong> have passed from the date of that rejection (section 264).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La pr\u00e9rogative royale d&#039;accorder une gr\u00e2ce se trouve \u00e0 l&#039;article 179 de la Constitution de 2017.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"grounds-for-royal-pardons\"><strong>Motifs de gr\u00e2ce royale<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is no statutory list of grounds. Sections 259 to 261 say who may petition and through whom, and leave the Minister of Justice to form an opinion and the King to decide, so nothing in the Code entitles a petitioner to a pardon on any particular fact. What follows is what individual petitions in practice advance, and what a collective decree usually names as a qualifying category, not a set of legal tests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les raisons courantes sont les suivantes\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Youth and old age. Collective decrees have named prisoners over 70; a person under 18 is normally dealt with in the juvenile system rather than in prison at all<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/terminal-illness\/\">Terminal illness<\/a> of the prisoner or their family<\/li>\n\n<li>Risques sanitaires li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#039;emprisonnement<\/li>\n\n<li>Cases where the prisoner\u2019s death leaves children without care<\/li>\n\n<li>Preuves solides de condamnation injustifi\u00e9e<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recent-high-profile-cases\"><strong>Affaires r\u00e9centes tr\u00e8s m\u00e9diatis\u00e9es<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The best known recent example is former Prime Minister Thaksin Shinawatra. The royal pardon in his case is dated <strong>31 August 2023<\/strong> and was published in the Government Gazette on <strong>1 September 2023<\/strong>; it commuted his eight year sentence to <strong>un an<\/strong>. It is a commutation, not a wiping of the conviction, which is exactly the distinction section 265 draws.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What happened afterwards is the more useful lesson. A pardon fixes the length of the sentence; it does not decide whether the sentence has been served. On <strong>9 September 2025<\/strong> the Supreme Court held that the months he spent in a police hospital rather than a prison did not count as time served, and ordered him to serve the commuted year in prison. A client asking about clemency should understand both halves: the pardon reduced the punishment, and the courts still controlled how it was carried out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rehabilitation-programs-and-early-release-mechanisms\"><strong>Programmes de r\u00e9adaptation et m\u00e9canismes de lib\u00e9ration anticip\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Tha\u00eflande a consid\u00e9rablement modernis\u00e9 son approche de la r\u00e9insertion des d\u00e9tenus, passant de politiques ax\u00e9es sur la punition \u00e0 des programmes de r\u00e9int\u00e9gration complets. Le D\u00e9partement des services correctionnels met d\u00e9sormais l&#039;accent sur la r\u00e9forme comportementale, le d\u00e9veloppement des comp\u00e9tences et la r\u00e9ussite de la r\u00e9insertion sociale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"education-and-vocational-training\"><strong>\u00c9ducation et formation professionnelle<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Education inside prisons is run with the Department of Learning Promotion, on curricula adapted to correctional institutions so that a qualification earned inside is a recognised one outside. The Department of Corrections announced in 2025 that behavioural development programmes were being piloted in 13 facilities. That figure and the ones below are the department\u2019s own announcements of programme scope; we have not audited them, and they change from year to year.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On the vocational side the department has required each of its 10 regional districts to set up a certified skills testing centre meeting Ministry of Labour standards, so that training inside leads to a certificate an employer recognises. Much of this work sits under royally initiated projects and follows the Sufficiency Economy Philosophy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"early-release-programs\"><strong>Programmes de lib\u00e9ration anticip\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand offers several early release mechanisms beyond royal pardons, and parole is the main one. Under sections 52 and 53 of the Corrections Act B.E. 2560, read with the 2559 regulation on prisoner classification, remission and parole, a prisoner with a final sentence becomes eligible once he has served <strong>not less than one third<\/strong> of it, and a prisoner serving life once he has served <strong>not less than ten years<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eligibility is not the whole rule, and the half that is usually left out matters more to the arithmetic. How much parole a prisoner can actually be given is capped by his classification: <strong>not more than one third<\/strong> of the sentence for excellent class, <strong>not more than one quarter<\/strong> for very good class and <strong>not more than one fifth<\/strong> for good class. A prisoner of good class therefore serves four fifths of his sentence even with parole, not two thirds. Separate special-case routes exist for prisoners aged over 70, for the seriously ill and aged, and for those who have rendered special service. These figures are as published by the Office of Justice Affairs of the Ministry of Justice, citing those provisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Conduct, diligence, work, educational progress and completion of rehabilitation programmes are what the committee weighs, together with the prisoner\u2019s record, the credibility of whoever will support him on release and the length of the supervision period. Parole is served under probation conditions: breach means a return to prison and a disciplinary penalty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remission of days served is earned against the prisoner\u2019s classification, which is the same class that caps parole above, and it is a separate mechanism from parole itself. Both work as incentives to good conduct and to taking part in rehabilitation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"specialized-rehabilitation-initiatives\"><strong>Initiatives de r\u00e9adaptation sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9es<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Department of Corrections established the Center for Assistance to <a href=\"https:\/\/en.correct.go.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/PDF-file_Corrections-in-Thailand-2019.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Reintegration and Employment (C.A.R.E.) in 137 correctional institutions in 2018<\/a>, on its own account in <em>Corrections in Thailand 2019<\/em>, Ces centres offrent un soutien \u00e0 la r\u00e9insertion professionnelle aux d\u00e9tenus et aux anciens d\u00e9tenus. Ils collaborent avec des employeurs du secteur priv\u00e9 afin de proposer des opportunit\u00e9s d&#039;emploi et des financements pour la cr\u00e9ation d&#039;entreprises aux personnes lib\u00e9r\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Programs like \u201cPrison Fight\u201d let inmates shorten their sentences by competing in combat sports. However, these programs are still debated when it comes to rehabilitation in Thai prisons. The program aims to promote good health and minimize internal prison problems.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"public-private-partnerships\"><strong>Partenariats public-priv\u00e9<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le D\u00e9partement des services correctionnels a \u00e9tabli des partenariats avec des universit\u00e9s et des entreprises afin d&#039;am\u00e9liorer les programmes de r\u00e9insertion. Des accords avec des institutions telles que l&#039;Universit\u00e9 Kasetsart et la F\u00e9d\u00e9ration des PME tha\u00eflandaises proposent des formations professionnelles, essentielles pour les d\u00e9tenus souhaitant se r\u00e9ins\u00e9rer. Ces formations correspondent aux comp\u00e9tences et aux aptitudes des d\u00e9tenus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"criminal-record-expungement-and-rehabilitation\"><strong>Effacement du casier judiciaire et r\u00e9habilitation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand has implemented significant reforms to address the long-term consequences of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/criminal-record\/\">casier judiciaire<\/a>. The \u201cCriminal Record Expungement\u201d project was started by the Royal Thai Police. It has removed more than <a href=\"https:\/\/coconuts.co\/bangkok\/news\/clean-slate-police-clear-over-9-million-criminal-records\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">9 millions d&#039;enregistrements de leur base de donn\u00e9es<\/a> d&#039;apr\u00e8s les informations de 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"eligibility-criteria-for-record-expungement\"><strong>Crit\u00e8res d&#039;admissibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;effacement du casier judiciaire<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les crit\u00e8res r\u00e9vis\u00e9s d&#039;effacement des casiers judiciaires suivent les principes constitutionnels selon lesquels les personnes n&#039;ayant pas fait l&#039;objet d&#039;un jugement d\u00e9finitif doivent \u00eatre pr\u00e9sum\u00e9es innocentes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les cas admissibles comprennent\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ordonnances de non-poursuite<\/li>\n\n<li>Withdrawn cases<\/li>\n\n<li>Acquittements<\/li>\n\n<li>amnistie l\u00e9gale<\/li>\n\n<li>gr\u00e2ces royales<\/li>\n\n<li>Aucune r\u00e9cidive pendant 20 ans. Ceci inclut \u00e9galement les affaires impliquant des mineurs, les affaires prescrites et les infractions qui ne sont plus ill\u00e9gales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette initiative aide les personnes accus\u00e9es de crimes mais acquitt\u00e9es par la suite. Leurs noms figurent toujours dans les bases de donn\u00e9es criminelles, ce qui peut nuire \u00e0 leurs perspectives d&#039;emploi et \u00e0 leur r\u00e9insertion sociale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"impact-on-employment-and-social-reintegration\"><strong>Impact sur l&#039;emploi et la r\u00e9insertion sociale<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Criminal record expungement significantly improves employment prospects for ex-offenders. The program recognizes that maintaining records for acquitted individuals can lead to discrimination and potentially push people toward criminal activities. Organizations now have access to reliable background check services that provide accurate information about an individual\u2019s actual criminal history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legislative-developments\"><strong>\u00c9volutions l\u00e9gislatives<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Draft legislation would let people who have served their sentences clear their records completely, with the stated aim of helping ex-offenders back into work. The figure quoted in support of it, around 12 million people in Thailand holding a criminal record, comes from the reporting around the bill rather than from a published official count, and it should be read that way. Until such a bill is enacted, expungement remains limited to the categories above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"special-considerations-for-expatriates\"><strong>Consid\u00e9rations particuli\u00e8res pour les expatri\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legal-representation-and-language-barriers\"><strong>Repr\u00e9sentation juridique et barri\u00e8res linguistiques<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les expatri\u00e9s faisant l&#039;objet de poursuites p\u00e9nales en Tha\u00eflande doivent imm\u00e9diatement consulter un avocat qualifi\u00e9 et exp\u00e9riment\u00e9 dans la repr\u00e9sentation des ressortissants \u00e9trangers. De nombreux cabinets d&#039;avocats sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans les services aux expatri\u00e9s sont pr\u00e9sents dans toute la Tha\u00eflande, notamment \u00e0 Bangkok, Pattaya et Phuket.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les droits fondamentaux des accus\u00e9s \u00e9trangers comprennent le droit de garder le silence, le droit \u00e0 une repr\u00e9sentation l\u00e9gale, le recours \u00e0 des interpr\u00e8tes d\u00e9sign\u00e9s par le tribunal et la notification consulaire. Cependant, les ambassades n&#039;offrent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement qu&#039;une assistance consulaire et non une intervention juridique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bail-and-detention-considerations\"><strong>Consid\u00e9rations relatives \u00e0 la caution et \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/bail-in-thailand\/\">Proc\u00e9dures de mise en libert\u00e9 sous caution pour les expatri\u00e9s <\/a>often involve additional requirements, such as surrendering passports and providing enhanced security. Courts consider flight risk more seriously for foreign nationals, making experienced legal counsel essential for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/bail\/\">caution<\/a> applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"immigration-consequences\"><strong>Cons\u00e9quences de l&#039;immigration<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Criminal convictions can lead to serious immigration problems for expatriates. They may affect visa status, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/work-permit\/\">permis de travail<\/a>, and future immigration applications. A pardon does not automatically cure that: it acts on the punishment, not on the conviction, and immigration authorities look at the conviction record. Understanding these collateral consequences is crucial when considering appeal strategies or plea negotiations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"cultural-and-legal-system-differences\"><strong>Diff\u00e9rences culturelles et juridiques<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s strict enforcement of drug laws, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/defamation\/\">diffamation<\/a> statutes, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/lese-majeste\/\">l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9<\/a> provisions can catch expatriates unaware. The legal system focuses on respect for authority and social harmony. This affects how cases are handled and how rehabilitation programs work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-steps-for-expatriates\"><strong>\u00c9tapes pratiques pour les expatri\u00e9s<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"when-facing-criminal-charges\"><strong>Face \u00e0 des accusations criminelles<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les expatri\u00e9s arr\u00eat\u00e9s en Tha\u00eflande doivent imm\u00e9diatement faire valoir leur droit au silence et demander l&#039;assistance d&#039;un avocat. Les coordonn\u00e9es d&#039;avocats p\u00e9nalistes anglophones qualifi\u00e9s doivent \u00eatre facilement accessibles. Le syst\u00e8me de proc\u00e8s continu implique que le temps de pr\u00e9paration est limit\u00e9 une fois la proc\u00e9dure engag\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"planning-for-appeals\"><strong>Planification des appels<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If convicted, you have <strong>un mois<\/strong> from the day the judgment is read to file the appeal, not thirty days (Criminal Procedure Code section 198). Instruct appellate counsel at once: the grounds have to be identified and the appeal drafted inside that month, and if you are on bail and the judgment imposed imprisonment you also have to present yourself to a court officer when you file, or the court will refuse the appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rehabilitation-and-early-release\"><strong>R\u00e9adaptation et lib\u00e9ration anticip\u00e9e<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La participation active aux programmes de r\u00e9adaptation disponibles peut avoir une incidence importante sur l&#039;admissibilit\u00e9 \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle et sur les demandes de gr\u00e2ce royale. Les programmes \u00e9ducatifs, la formation professionnelle et les initiatives de d\u00e9veloppement comportemental t\u00e9moignent d&#039;un engagement envers la r\u00e9adaptation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"long-term-considerations\"><strong>Consid\u00e9rations \u00e0 long terme<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les expatri\u00e9s qui envisagent de s&#039;installer durablement en Tha\u00eflande, il est important de savoir comment faire effacer leur casier judiciaire. Se renseigner sur les programmes de r\u00e9insertion est \u00e9galement essentiel pour une pleine r\u00e9int\u00e9gration sociale et \u00e9conomique. L&#039;\u00e9volution du cadre juridique offre de plus en plus d&#039;opportunit\u00e9s aux individus de tourner la page et de contribuer positivement \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 tha\u00eflandaise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fa-qs-about-pardons-in-thailand\">FAQ sur les gr\u00e2ces en Tha\u00eflande<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755616978579\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une gr\u00e2ce royale en Tha\u00eflande et comment fonctionne la cl\u00e9mence ex\u00e9cutive\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>La gr\u00e2ce royale (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e17\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29) est une mesure de cl\u00e9mence accord\u00e9e par le roi de Tha\u00eflande. Elle peut annuler, modifier ou r\u00e9duire une peine p\u00e9nale. Elle est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement mise en \u0153uvre par d\u00e9cret royal. Le minist\u00e8re de la Justice et l&#039;administration p\u00e9nitentiaire en assurent la gestion. Selon le d\u00e9cret, la mesure peut aller de la gr\u00e2ce totale \u00e0 la remise de peine (\u0e25\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29) ou \u00e0 la commutation. Les demandes sont examin\u00e9es individuellement. Des d\u00e9crets g\u00e9n\u00e9raux peuvent s&#039;appliquer \u00e0 des cat\u00e9gories sp\u00e9cifiques de d\u00e9tenus r\u00e9pondant \u00e0 certains crit\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755616982035\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qui peut b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d&#039;une gr\u00e2ce, d&#039;une r\u00e9duction de peine ou d&#039;une commutation de peine en Tha\u00eflande\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Eligibility depends on the specific rules of the decree or petition. Common factors include the type of offense, time served, good behavior, and progress in rehabilitation. Decrees often exclude serious crimes such as certain violent offenses, major narcotics trafficking, and corruption cases. Applicants usually need a final judgment with no pending appeal. They must also have a clear prison record. Additionally, they should meet any medical, age, or humanitarian criteria if those apply. Each decree spells out precise thresholds, e.g., remaining sentence length or recidivism restrictions.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755616982963\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Comment faire une demande de gr\u00e2ce royale en Tha\u00eflande (formulaires, documents et d\u00e9lais)\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>La plupart des demandes sont trait\u00e9es par le directeur de la prison ou l&#039;agent de probation, qui constituent le dossier. Celui-ci comprend des copies de jugements, des rapports disciplinaires, des dossiers m\u00e9dicaux (le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant), des p\u00e9titions familiales et tout certificat de r\u00e9habilitation. Apr\u00e8s examen par l&#039;administration p\u00e9nitentiaire, le dossier est transmis au minist\u00e8re de la Justice, qui l&#039;\u00e9tudie au regard de la politique de gr\u00e2ce en vigueur. Si n\u00e9cessaire, il est ensuite soumis \u00e0 la Maison royale pour d\u00e9cision finale. Les d\u00e9lais sont tr\u00e8s variables\u00a0; les demandes au cas par cas prennent plus de temps que l&#039;inclusion automatique en vertu d&#039;un d\u00e9cret publi\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755617040663\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Les d\u00e9tenus \u00e9trangers et les expatri\u00e9s peuvent-ils demander une gr\u00e2ce ou une r\u00e9duction de peine en Tha\u00eflande\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Oui. Les ressortissants \u00e9trangers peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des d\u00e9crets de gr\u00e2ce g\u00e9n\u00e9rale. Ils peuvent \u00e9galement d\u00e9poser des demandes individuelles, au m\u00eame titre que les citoyens tha\u00eflandais. Les services consulaires peuvent apporter leur aide pour les traductions, les procurations et les documents certifi\u00e9s. Une gr\u00e2ce peut modifier la responsabilit\u00e9 p\u00e9nale et entra\u00eener une peine d&#039;emprisonnement. Cependant, elle ne garantit pas la r\u00e9solution des probl\u00e8mes d&#039;immigration. Les d\u00e9tenus \u00e9trangers peuvent toujours faire l&#039;objet d&#039;une expulsion, de sanctions pour s\u00e9jour irr\u00e9gulier ou d&#039;un fichage en raison de leur statut migratoire.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755617042029\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre l&#039;amnistie, la gr\u00e2ce, la lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle, la probation et le sursis en Tha\u00eflande\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Une amnistie (\u0e19\u0e34\u0e23\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21) est une loi qui efface les poursuites p\u00e9nales pour certains actes. Elle est plus large qu&#039;une gr\u00e2ce et s&#039;applique souvent \u00e0 des groupes. <strong>Pardon royal<\/strong> La lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle permet de r\u00e9duire ou d&#039;annuler une peine apr\u00e8s une condamnation. La lib\u00e9ration conditionnelle permet \u00e0 une personne de quitter la prison pr\u00e9matur\u00e9ment sous surveillance. La probation est ordonn\u00e9e par le tribunal \u00e0 la place ou en compl\u00e9ment d&#039;une peine d&#039;emprisonnement, et elle s&#039;accompagne de r\u00e8gles \u00e0 respecter. <strong>peine avec sursis<\/strong> Cela signifie que le tribunal suspend l&#039;ex\u00e9cution de la peine si le contrevenant remplit certaines conditions. Ces m\u00e9canismes diff\u00e8rent par leur objectif, leur calendrier et leurs effets juridiques.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755617076472\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Les gr\u00e2ces royales effacent-elles un casier judiciaire ou un jugement en Tha\u00eflande\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>No. A pardon acts on the punishment, not on the conviction, and section 265 of the Criminal Procedure Code shows how far it goes. An absolute unconditional pardon stops the punishment being enforced and a fine already paid is refunded in full; a commutation or reduction leaves the rest of the punishment enforceable. What it never does is cancel any obligation under the judgment to return property, pay its value or pay compensation, so the victim\u2019s money claim survives. The conviction itself stays on the record, background checks and licensing or visa authorities can still see it, and clearing a police record is a separate exercise from clemency. If record clearance matters to you for a job or for immigration, treat it as a second application and not as part of the pardon.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755617163748\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Quand les d\u00e9crets de gr\u00e2ce royale sont-ils g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement prononc\u00e9s et quelles infractions sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement exclues\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>En Tha\u00eflande, les d\u00e9crets de gr\u00e2ce sont souvent accord\u00e9s lors d&#039;\u00e9v\u00e9nements nationaux ou royaux importants. Ils pr\u00e9cisent les crit\u00e8res d&#039;\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9, tels que les primo-d\u00e9linquants, les d\u00e9tenus malades, les personnes \u00e2g\u00e9es et les femmes enceintes. Ils indiquent \u00e9galement les exclusions, notamment pour les personnes condamn\u00e9es pour crimes violents, trafic de stup\u00e9fiants \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle et corruption grave. Les modalit\u00e9s de remise de peine, y compris les dates et les conditions d&#039;\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9, sont d\u00e9finies dans chaque d\u00e9cret. Par cons\u00e9quent, les crit\u00e8res d&#039;\u00e9ligibilit\u00e9 peuvent \u00e9voluer \u00e0 chaque annonce. Pour obtenir de l&#039;aide concernant la politique en vigueur ou pour une r\u00e9vision de votre dossier, veuillez consulter un avocat sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 en droit p\u00e9nal tha\u00eflandais. ThaiLawOnline peut vous accompagner dans la mise en place d&#039;une \u00e9valuation personnalis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s appeals, pardons, and rehabilitation systems offer multiple pathways for addressing criminal convictions and their consequences. For expatriates, navigating these systems requires understanding both legal procedures and cultural contexts. While the system can seem complex, qualified legal counsel and active engagement with available programs can significantly improve outcomes. The ongoing reforms in criminal record expungement and rehabilitation programs demonstrate Thailand\u2019s commitment to balancing justice with opportunities for redemption and social reintegration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour s&#039;y retrouver dans ces syst\u00e8mes, il est essentiel de comprendre leurs interactions, notamment les implications des d\u00e9crets royaux. Les appels permettent de r\u00e9soudre les probl\u00e8mes juridiques imm\u00e9diats. Les programmes de r\u00e9habilitation t\u00e9moignent d&#039;une volont\u00e9 de changement. Les gr\u00e2ces offrent l&#039;ultime soulagement face aux cons\u00e9quences p\u00e9nales. Pour les expatri\u00e9s, cette approche est porteuse d&#039;espoir et propose des solutions concr\u00e8tes pour surmonter les obstacles juridiques. Elle les aide \u00e0 reconstruire leur vie en Tha\u00eflande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Last reviewed: 8 September 2026. Every section cited on this page was read in Thai against the Code it names. Criminal Procedure Code: section 193 bis and section 193 ter (the bar on fact appeals and the certification route past it), section 198 and section 198 bis (one month to appeal, the requirement that a defendant on bail present himself when filing, and fifteen days to contest a refusal), sections 219 and 220 (the Dika bars), and sections 259 to 265 (who may petition for a pardon, through whom, the sixty days before an execution, the absence of any stay for other penalties, the two year bar on a fresh petition, and what a pardon does and does not extinguish). Civil Procedure Code: section 46 (Thai as the language of the court), section 224 (the 50,000 baht bar on fact appeals), section 247 and section 249 (leave to Dika and the six instances). Constitution of 2017, section 179 (the prerogative), verified against the published text. Parole is stated as published by the Office of Justice Affairs of the Ministry of Justice, citing sections 52 and 53 of the Corrections Act B.E. 2560 and the 2559 regulation; the Act itself is not in any statute database we hold. Not verified against a primary source, and labelled as such in the text: the court fee rate and cap under Table 1 of the Civil Procedure Code, which is a schedule rather than a section; the eight months to two years estimate for an appeal, which is from practice; the Department of Corrections programme counts; and the reported figure of 12 million people holding a criminal record. The 2025 clemency figures are the Department of Corrections\u2019 own, and the 137 C.A.R.E. institutions are verified in the department\u2019s Corrections in Thailand 2019. Thai law changes: check the date above before relying on this page.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.nationthailand.com\/news\/general\/40053333\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Juillet 2025\u00a0: 81\u00a0000 d\u00e9tenus b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient d\u2019une gr\u00e2ce royale en Tha\u00eflande<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thailand\u2019s legal system offers options after conviction. You also have routes to challenge a judgment. For expatriates, understanding appeals, pardons [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":510,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"appeals and pardons in thailand","rank_math_title":"Appeals and Pardons in Thailand - ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"After a conviction in Thailand: how criminal appeals work, the filing deadlines, collective and individual royal pardons, and clearing a criminal record.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Appeals and Pardons in Thailand","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-118","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/118","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=118"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/118\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7282,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/118\/revisions\/7282"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/510"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=118"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}