{"id":1441,"date":"2026-03-20T14:37:05","date_gmt":"2026-03-20T07:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/lese-majeste-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-10-31T21:43:22","modified_gmt":"2026-10-31T14:43:22","slug":"lese-majeste-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/lese-majeste-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Le crime de l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9 en Tha\u00eflande\u00a0: Explication de l\u2019article 112"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You\u2019re at a bar in Bangkok. A friend makes an offhand joke about Thai politics. Someone nearby overhears. Two weeks later, police show up at your door. That\u2019s not a hypothetical. It happens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/lese-majeste\/\">lese majeste<\/a> law is one of the strictest in the world. It criminalizes any statement that defames, insults, or threatens the monarchy. The penalty? Three to fifteen years in prison. Per count.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you live in Thailand, visit regularly, or post about it on social media, you need to understand this law. It applies to Thai citizens and foreigners alike. Ignorance isn\u2019t a defense. And the consequences are severe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img alt=\"Lese Majeste in Thailand\" class=\"wp-image-31761\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Lese-Majeste-in-Thailand.jpg\" style=\"width:800px\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Lese Majeste in Thailand\" class=\"wp-image-31761\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"571\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Lese-Majeste-in-Thailand.jpg\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Lese-Majeste-in-Thailand.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Lese-Majeste-in-Thailand.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Lese-Majeste-in-Thailand.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Lese-Majeste-in-Thailand.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/Lese-Majeste-in-Thailand.jpg 1101w\" style=\"width:800px\" width=\"1024\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide covers everything you need to know. We\u2019ll walk through the legal text, explain how courts interpret it, look at real cases (including foreigners who\u2019ve been prosecuted), and tell you exactly what to do if you\u2019re ever accused. We\u2019ve handled\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">criminal defense matters<\/a>\u00a0in Thailand since 2006. Here\u2019s what our experience has taught us.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-is-lese-majeste-under-thai-law\">What Is Lese Majeste Under Thai Law?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#heres-the-actual-legal-text-of-section-112\">Here\u2019s the actual legal text of section 112:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-counts-as-lese-majeste-in-thailand\">What Counts as Lese Majeste in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#section-14-of-the-computer-crime-act-the-digital-layer\">Section 14 of the Computer Crime Act: The Digital Layer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#lese-majeste-penalties-and-sentencing-in-thailand\">Lese Majeste Penalties and Sentencing in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#notable-lese-majeste-cases-and-sentences\">Notable Lese Majeste Cases and Sentences<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-lese-majeste-applies-to-foreigners-in-thailand\">How Lese Majeste in Thailand Applies to Foreigners<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#practical-guidance-how-to-stay-out-of-trouble\">Practical Guidance: How to Stay Out of Trouble<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-to-do-if-youre-accused-of-lese-majeste\">What to Do If You\u2019re Accused of Lese Majeste<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#reform-efforts-and-international-pressure\">Reform Efforts and International Pressure<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#thailands-lese-majeste-law-compared-to-other-countries\">Thailand\u2019s Lese Majeste Law Compared to Other Countries<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions-about-lese-majeste-in-thailand\">Frequently Asked Questions About Lese Majeste in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-is-lese-majeste-in-thailand\">How ThaiLawOnline Can Help<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#key-takeaways\">Key Takeaways<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 3 September 2026.<\/strong> Criminal Code sections 112, 78, 91 and 116 were read in Thai and English in our own annotated Code. The current text of section 112 and its three-to-fifteen-year penalty were checked against the instrument that created them, Order of the National Administrative Reform Council No. 41 of 21 October 1976, read from the Royal Gazette text. Sections 14, 15, 16 and 20 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/computer-crime-act\/\">Computer Crime Act<\/a> B.E. 2550 were read in Thai from the Act. Not verified here, and said rather than implied: whether section 112 reaches a deceased monarch, on which we can produce no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> judgment either way; the sentencing statistics, conviction rates and individual cases described below, which come from press and NGO reporting and not from judgments we hold; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/bail\/\">bail<\/a> practice, which is practice and not statute; and whether the 2017 amendments to the Computer Crime Act altered any section quoted here, since we hold the Act as originally enacted. Re-checked on 6 October 2026: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-7\/\">Penal Code section 7<\/a> read in Thai and added for the reach of section 112 to acts abroad; the FAQ answer and key takeaway that said the Supreme Court had ruled section 112 covers deceased monarchs were brought into line with the paragraph above, since no such judgment could be produced from our stores; the press-reported cases remain unverified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-lese-majeste-under-thai-law\">What Is Lese Majeste Under Thai Law?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lese majeste (from the French \u201cinjured majesty\u201d) is a criminal offense in Thailand. It\u2019s codified in\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-112\/\">Section 112 of the Thai Criminal Code<\/a>. The provision has been in Thai law since 1908. Its present wording and its three-to-fifteen-year penalty are more recent than most accounts say: they were substituted by clause 1 of Order of the National Administrative Reform Council No. 41, published in the Royal Gazette on 21 October 1976 (vol. 93, part 134, special issue, page 46), which repealed the earlier section and raised the penalty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kt-info-box31753_e6cb5e-4b .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{max-width:unset;}.kt-info-box31753_e6cb5e-4b .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-info-box31753_e6cb5e-4b .kadence-info-box-icon-container .kt-info-svg-icon, .kt-info-box31753_e6cb5e-4b .kt-info-svg-icon-flip, .kt-info-box31753_e6cb5e-4b .kt-blocks-info-box-number{font-size:50px;}.kt-info-box31753_e6cb5e-4b .kt-blocks-info-box-media{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:10px;}.kt-info-box31753_e6cb5e-4b .kt-blocks-info-box-media-container{margin-top:0px;margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;}.kt-info-box31753_e6cb5e-4b .kt-blocks-info-box-learnmore{background:transparent;border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding-top:4px;padding-right:8px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-left:8px;margin-top:10px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;}<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-infobox kt-info-box31753_e6cb5e-4b\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap info-box-link kt-blocks-info-box-media-align-top kt-info-halign-center\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media-container\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media kt-info-media-animate-none\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-icon-container kt-info-icon-animate-none\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-icon-inner-container\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fas_balance-scale kt-info-svg-icon\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"currentColor\" viewbox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M256 336h-.02c0-16.18 1.34-8.73-85.05-181.51-17.65-35.29-68.19-35.36-85.87 0C-2.06 328.75.02 320.33.02 336H0c0 44.18 57.31 80 128 80s128-35.82 128-80zM128 176l72 144H56l72-144zm511.98 160c0-16.18 1.34-8.73-85.05-181.51-17.65-35.29-68.19-35.36-85.87 0-87.12 174.26-85.04 165.84-85.04 181.51H384c0 44.18 57.31 80 128 80s128-35.82 128-80h-.02zM440 320l72-144 72 144H440zm88 128H352V153.25c23.51-10.29 41.16-31.48 46.39-57.25H528c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16V48c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16H383.64C369.04 12.68 346.09 0 320 0s-49.04 12.68-63.64 32H112c-8.84 0-16 7.16-16 16v32c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h129.61c5.23 25.76 22.87 46.96 46.39 57.25V448H112c-8.84 0-16 7.16-16 16v32c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h416c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-32c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16z\"><\/path><\/svg><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kt-infobox-textcontent\"><h2 class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-title\" id=\"heres-the-actual-legal-text-of-section-112\">Here\u2019s the actual legal text of section 112:<\/h2><p class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-text\">\u201cWhoever defames, insults or expresses malice against the King, the Queen, the Heir-apparent or the Regent shall be punished with imprisonment of three to fifteen years.\u201d<br\/>That\u2019s it. One sentence. But it carries enormous weight. The law defines none of its three limbs: it does not say what makes an imputation defamatory, what separates an insult from criticism, or what amounts to expressing malice. Courts have broad discretion in interpretation. And that vagueness is, in practice, one of the law\u2019s most dangerous features.<br\/><\/p><\/div><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"who-is-protected-by-section-112\">Who Is Protected by Section 112?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The law names four protected persons: the King, the Queen, the Heir-Apparent, and the Regent. Currently, that means King Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) and Queen Suthida.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">But there\u2019s an important wrinkle. Whether the section reaches a deceased monarch is unsettled, and we will not tell you it is settled. The text names four living offices and does not mention former Kings, and we can produce no Supreme Court judgment holding that it extends to them. What is not in doubt is the practical exposure: complaints have been made and prosecutions brought over content concerning the late King Bhumibol (Rama IX), who died in 2016, and courts have divided on whether the section applies. In our experience, this catches many expats off guard.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"who-can-file-a-complaint\">Who Can File a Complaint for Lese Majeste in Thailand?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anyone can file a lese majeste complaint. You don\u2019t need to be a member of the royal family. You don\u2019t need to be a government official. Any private citizen can walk into a police station and file a complaint against another person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Police are then obligated to investigate, unless the accusation is anonymous or the accuser will not give a name or sign it. They can\u2019t simply dismiss the complaint. This creates a system where the law can be weaponized in personal disputes. We\u2019ve seen business rivals, angry neighbors, and disgruntled ex-partners use lese majeste accusations as leverage. It\u2019s not common, but it happens.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 112<\/h3><p>This section punishes defaming, insulting or expressing malice against the King, the Queen, the Heir-apparent or the Regent. The penalty is imprisonment of three to fifteen years.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever defames, insults or expresses malice against the King, the Queen, the Heir-apparent or the Regent shall be punished with imprisonment of three to fifteen years.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-112\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 91<\/h3><p>When a person commits several separate offences, the court punishes each one as its own count. After combining every count, the total imprisonment is capped at ten, twenty or fifty years depending on the maximum penalty of the most serious count, unless the court imposes life imprisonment.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">When it appears that a person has committed several distinct acts constituting different offences, the court shall punish that person for every act as a separate count of offence. However, whether or not there is any increase of punishment, reduction of punishment, or reduction of the scale of punishment, when the punishments for all counts are combined, the total term of imprisonment must not exceed the following limits: (1) ten years, where the most serious count carries a maximum term of imprisonment not exceeding three years; (2) twenty years, where the most serious count carries a maximum term of imprisonment exceeding three years but not exceeding ten years; (3) fifty years, where the most serious count carries a maximum term of imprisonment exceeding ten years, except in a case where the court imposes imprisonment for life.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-91\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 90<\/h3><p>When one and the same act breaks several legal provisions at once, the court punishes under only the provision that carries the heaviest penalty, not under each provision separately.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">When any act constituting a single offence violates several provisions of law, the provision carrying the heaviest punishment shall be applied to punish the offender.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-90\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 78<\/h3><p>Where mitigating circumstances appear, the court may reduce the punishment to be imposed by up to one half, whether or not the punishment has already been increased or reduced under any other provision. The section lists examples such as remorse and effort to repair the harm, surrender to officials, prior good conduct, grievous distress, and giving the court useful information.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">When it appears that there are mitigating circumstances, whether or not there has been an increase or reduction of punishment under the provisions of this Code or of any other law, if the court thinks fit it may reduce the punishment to be imposed on the offender by not more than one half. Such mitigating circumstances include: the offender being ignorant and of feeble understanding, being in grievous distress, having previously had good conduct, feeling remorse and endeavouring to mitigate the injurious consequences of the offence, surrendering to the official, or giving the court information that is beneficial, or any other circumstance that the court considers to be of a similar nature.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-78\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 116<\/h3><p>This section punishes making appeals to the public, by words, writing or other means, outside the purposes of the Constitution and not as honest opinion or criticism, in order to force a change of law or government, to raise unrest likely to cause disturbance, or to make the people break the law. The penalty is imprisonment not exceeding seven years.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever makes known to the public, by words, writing or any other means, anything which is not an act within the purposes of the Constitution, or which is not for the expression of an opinion or criticism in good faith: (1) in order to bring about a change in the laws of the land or the government by the use of coercion or force; (2) in order to cause unrest or disaffection among the people to the extent of causing disturbance in the Kingdom; or (3) in order to cause the people to violate the laws of the land, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding seven years.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-116\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 112<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e14\u0e39\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e06\u0e32\u0e15\u0e21\u0e32\u0e14\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e34\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35 \u0e23\u0e31\u0e0a\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e35<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-112\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 91<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e25\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e14\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 (\u0e51) \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35 (\u0e52) \u0e22\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 (\u0e53) \u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-91\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 90<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e17 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-90\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 78<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e42\u0e09\u0e14\u0e40\u0e02\u0e25\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e02\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e31\u0e2a \u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e36\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e25\u0e38\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-78\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 116<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e27\u0e32\u0e08\u0e32 \u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e38\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e39\u0e0d \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15 (\u0e51) \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e19\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e01\u0e33\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e02\u0e48\u0e21\u0e02\u0e37\u0e19\u0e43\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e01\u0e33\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e38\u0e29\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22 (\u0e52) \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e02\u0e19\u0e32\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e53) \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e25\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e21\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e19\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e35<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-116\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation open><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 112<\/h3><p>Diffamer, insulter ou menacer le Roi, la Reine, l&#039;h\u00e9ritier du tr\u00f4ne ou le R\u00e9gent est puni de 3 \u00e0 15 ans d&#039;emprisonnement.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-112\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 91<\/h3><p>Plusieurs actes distincts sont punis s\u00e9par\u00e9ment, mais le total ne peut d\u00e9passer 10 ans (peine maximale de l&#039;infraction la plus grave de 3 ans au plus), 20 ans (plus de 3 \u00e0 10 ans) ou 50 ans (plus de 10 ans), sauf emprisonnement \u00e0 vie.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-91\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 90<\/h3><p>Lorsqu&#039;un acte unique viole plusieurs dispositions l\u00e9gales, s&#039;applique celle pr\u00e9voyant la peine la plus lourde.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-90\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 78<\/h3><p>En pr\u00e9sence de circonstances att\u00e9nuantes, le tribunal peut r\u00e9duire la peine de moiti\u00e9 au plus. Il s&#039;agit notamment de l&#039;ignorance, d&#039;une grande d\u00e9tresse, de bons ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents, du repentir et de la r\u00e9paration, de la reddition ou de l&#039;aide apport\u00e9e au tribunal.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-78\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 116<\/h3><p>Hors cadre constitutionnel ou critique de bonne foi, inciter publiquement \u00e0 changer lois ou gouvernement par la force, \u00e0 des troubles mena\u00e7ant l&#039;ordre dans le Royaume, ou \u00e0 violer les lois: 7 ans d&#039;emprisonnement au plus.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-116\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>Arr\u00eats de la Cour supr\u00eame<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/supreme-court-decisions\/1294-2521-lese-majeste-royal-anthem\/\">1294\/2521<\/a> (1978): Calling out during the royal anthem while refusing to stand as everyone else did showed an intention to insult the King under Section 112.<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>Sources<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code p\u00e9nal, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), consult\u00e9 le 19 f\u00e9vrier 2026<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-counts-as-lese-majeste-in-thailand\">What Counts as Lese Majeste in Thailand?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The short answer: almost anything critical of the monarchy. The long answer is more nuanced, but not in the way most Westerners expect. Courts interpret\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-112\/\">Section 112<\/a>\u00a0broadly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"spoken-and-written-statements\">Spoken and Written Statements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Any public statement that\u2019s seen as negative toward the monarchy can trigger prosecution. This includes speeches, conversations overheard by third parties, written articles, books, and academic papers. Context matters less than you\u2019d think. Even factual statements, if they\u2019re perceived as casting the monarchy in a negative light, can be prosecuted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"social-media-activity\">Social Media Activity<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where most people get into trouble today. Sharing, reposting, or even \u201cliking\u201d content about the monarchy on Facebook, X (formerly Twitter), Instagram, or YouTube can lead to charges. It doesn\u2019t matter if you created the content or just shared it. Our guide to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/online-social-media-defamation-thailand\/\">online and social media defamation in Thailand<\/a>\u00a0covers the broader risks of posting anything controversial online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 14 of the Computer Crime Act, B.E. 2550 (2007) works alongside\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-112\/\">Section 112<\/a>\u00a0here. Section 14(3) makes it an offence to put into a computer system any data that is itself an offence against the security of the Kingdom under the Criminal Code, which includes Section 112. Prosecutors routinely charge both. A single post is one act, though, so under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-90\/\">Section 90 of the Criminal Code<\/a> the court punishes it under the heavier provision, Section 112, not under both added together.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Real Risk: Social Media Posts<\/strong>In January 2024, a Thai man received a 50-year sentence for 27 Facebook posts about the monarchy. Each post was treated as a separate count. Sentences ran consecutively. Online activity is not treated any differently from in-person speech.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"artistic-and-academic-expression\">Artistic and Academic Expression<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plays, films, songs, paintings, and academic research have all led to prosecutions. A stage play in 2014 depicting a fictional king resulted in charges. Self-published novels with oblique references to the monarchy have triggered arrests. Academic conferences discussing the institution of the monarchy have drawn scrutiny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"private-conversations\">Private Conversations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here\u2019s what surprises most foreign clients. Even private messages can be prosecuted if they come to the attention of authorities. Encrypted messaging apps offer technical protection, but if a recipient screenshots the conversation and files a complaint, charges can follow. The same principle applies to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/online-social-media-defamation-thailand\/\">online defamation cases under the Computer Crime Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"section-14-of-the-computer-crime-act-the-digital-layer\">Section 14 of the Computer Crime Act: The Digital Layer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s Computer Crime Act, B.E. 2550 (2007), adds a second layer of legal risk for anything posted online. Section 14(3) criminalizes inputting data into a computer system that constitutes an offense related to national security. We cover this in detail in our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/online-social-media-defamation-thailand\/\">guide to online defamation and the Computer Crime Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prosecutors treat lese majeste as a national security offense. So an online post that violates Section 112 is usually charged under Section 14(3) as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The penalty under Section 14 is up to five years in prison or a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fine\/\">fine<\/a> of up to 100,000 baht, or both. Because one post is one act, that penalty is absorbed by the heavier 3-15 years under Section 112 (Criminal Code Section 90); it is separate posts, each a separate count, that add up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There\u2019s more. Section 15 makes a service provider that cooperates with, consents to or connives at a section 14 offence in a system under its control liable to the same penalty as the person who committed it. That wording was substituted by the Computer Crime Act (No. 2) B.E. 2560, which also directs the Minister to prescribe the steps for notification, suspension and removal, and exempts a provider that proves it followed them. The takedown power is <strong>section 20<\/strong>, not section 16: as substituted in 2560 it lets a competent official, with the Minister\u2019s approval, apply to the court for an order suppressing the dissemination of the data or deleting it from the system, over three listed categories beginning with data that is itself an offence under the Act, rather than only data affecting the security of the Kingdom. Section 16 is a different offence altogether, the publishing of a doctored image of another person, which carries up to three years and a fine of up to 200,000 baht, the penalty substituted by the Computer Crime Act (No. 2) B.E. 2560.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Law<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Section<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Covers<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Penalty per Count<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Thai Criminal Code<\/td><td>Section 112<\/td><td>Defaming, insulting, or threatening the monarchy<\/td><td>3-15 years imprisonment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Computer Crime Act<\/td><td>Section 14(3)<\/td><td>Online content affecting national security<\/td><td>Up to 5 years or a fine up to 100,000 THB, or both (absorbed by Section 112 for the same post, Section 90)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Thai Criminal Code<\/td><td>Section 116<\/td><td>Sedition (often charged alongside)<\/td><td>Up to 7 years imprisonment<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lese-majeste-penalties-and-sentencing-in-thailand\">Lese Majeste Penalties and Sentencing in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The sentencing range under the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/\">Thai Criminal Code<\/a>\u00a0is 3 to 15 years per count. That \u201cper count\u201d matters enormously. Each individual act (each social media post, each speech, each article) is treated as a separate offense. Sentences can be stacked consecutively.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-sentences-add-up\">How Sentences Add Up<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ten counts do not mean 150 years, and this is the point most English guides get wrong. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-91\/\">Section 91(3) of the Criminal Code<\/a> caps the total: where the most serious count carries a maximum above ten years, the combined term of imprisonment must not exceed <strong>fifty years<\/strong>, whatever the arithmetic of the individual counts, unless the court imposes life imprisonment. Section 112 has a fifteen-year maximum, so every lese majeste case falls under that cap. The fifty-year sentences reported in the press are not courts stopping short of a larger figure: fifty years is the ceiling the Code sets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Guilty pleas can reduce sentences. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-78\/\">Section 78 of the Criminal Code<\/a> lets a court reduce a sentence by <strong>not more than one half<\/strong> where there are mitigating circumstances, and a confession that assists the court is one of the circumstances it lists. A half reduction is the maximum the section allows, not an entitlement, and it is discretionary. So a 30-year sentence might become 15 years with a guilty plea. That\u2019s still a devastating outcome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bail\">Bail for Lese Majeste in Thailand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bail is possible but not guaranteed. Courts have denied bail in many lese majeste cases, particularly since 2020. Factors that affect bail decisions include perceived flight risk, severity of the alleged offense, and whether the defendant has prior charges. Foreigners often face extra scrutiny because courts view them as flight risks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"royal-pardons\">Royal Pardons<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some convicted individuals have received royal pardons. This is more common for foreigners, particularly in high-profile cases that attract international media attention. But a pardon is a grace, not a right. You can\u2019t count on it. And you\u2019ll still spend months (or years) in prison before a pardon is even considered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conviction-rates\">Conviction Rates for Lese Majeste in Thailand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here\u2019s a number that should get your attention. Prosecutors indict in roughly 99% of lese majeste cases they receive. The conviction rate sits around 80%. Those odds aren\u2019t in the defendant\u2019s favor. And they underscore why prevention is so much more important than cure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"notable-lese-majeste-cases-and-sentences\">Notable Lese Majeste Cases and Sentences<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The enforcement of Section 112 intensified sharply after November 2020. Since then, at least 284 people have been charged. Here are some of the most significant cases:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Year<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Defendant<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Allegation<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Sentence<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>2024<\/td><td>Mongkol Thirakot<\/td><td>27 Facebook posts about the monarchy<\/td><td>50 years (record)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2024<\/td><td>\u201cMaggie\u201d (pseudonym)<\/td><td>18 posts on X (Twitter) about the monarchy<\/td><td>25 years<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2025<\/td><td>Pruttikorn<\/td><td>10 Facebook posts criticizing the monarchy<\/td><td>30 years (reduced to 20)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2024-2025<\/td><td>Anon Nampa (human rights lawyer)<\/td><td>Multiple speeches at protests<\/td><td>18+ years cumulative (10 convictions)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>2024-2025<\/td><td>Chonthicha Jangrew (MP)<\/td><td>Speeches at pro-democracy demonstrations<\/td><td>Multiple sentences totaling several years<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These aren\u2019t outliers. They represent the current enforcement environment. Between 2020 and 2025, sentences have gotten longer and prosecutions more frequent. Anyone living in or visiting Thailand needs to take this seriously.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-lese-majeste-applies-to-foreigners-in-thailand\">How Lese Majeste in Thailand Applies to Foreigners<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This question comes up in our office constantly. The answer is straightforward.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-112\/\">Section 112<\/a>\u00a0applies to every person on Thai soil, and section 7(1) of the Penal Code goes further: the offences against the security of the Kingdom in sections 107 to 129, section 112 among them, are punishable in Thailand even when committed abroad. Your passport doesn\u2019t protect you. Your nationality doesn\u2019t matter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"documented-foreign-cases\">Documented Foreign Cases<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign nationals have been arrested, convicted, and imprisoned for lese majeste. Here are documented examples:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2007, a Swiss national was sentenced to 10 years for defacing images of the King while intoxicated. He received a royal pardon after about one month and was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/deportation\/\">deported<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2008, Australian author Harry Nicolaides was arrested at Bangkok airport over a self-published novel that contained references to the Thai monarchy. He was sentenced to three years. He received a pardon after six months and was deported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2011, American citizen Joe Gordon was arrested for translating portions of a banned book about the monarchy and posting them online while in the United States. He was sentenced to two and a half years. Prosecuting an act done outside Thailand rests on Penal Code section 7(1), which covers the security offences in sections 107 to 129, section 112 included; his case shows it being used.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In 2025, American academic Paul Chambers was detained on lese majeste charges related to his scholarly work on the Thai military and monarchy. The case drew significant international attention and U.S. government concern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Warning for Expats and Visitors<\/strong>You don\u2019t have to be in Thailand to be charged. Thai courts have asserted jurisdiction over online content posted from other countries. If you enter Thailand after posting content deemed offensive to the monarchy, you can be arrested at immigration. VPNs don\u2019t help if your identity is known.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-foreign-embassies-can-and-cant-do\">What Foreign Embassies Can (and Can\u2019t) Do<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Your embassy can visit you in prison. They can provide a list of local lawyers. They can notify your family. That\u2019s about it. They can\u2019t override Thai law. They can\u2019t get you released. They can\u2019t negotiate your sentence. Consular assistance is moral support, not legal representation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some governments (the U.S., U.K., Australia, Canada) issue travel advisories that specifically mention Thailand\u2019s lese majeste law. If you\u2019re planning to live in or visit Thailand, read your country\u2019s advisory. Then read it again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-guidance-how-to-stay-out-of-trouble\">Practical Guidance: How to Stay Out of Trouble<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ve advised hundreds of expats and international businesses in Thailand since 2006. Here\u2019s what we tell every client.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dont-discuss-the-monarchy\">Don\u2019t Discuss the Monarchy<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Period. Not in person. Not online. Not in private messages. Not in emails. Not in jest. The safest approach is complete silence on the topic. That might feel extreme to someone from a country with broad free speech protections. But Thailand isn\u2019t Canada, the U.S., or the U.K. Different country, different rules.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"social-media-hygiene\">Social Media Hygiene<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Audit your social media accounts before traveling to Thailand. Delete any posts that could be interpreted as critical of the monarchy. Be careful what you share, like, or comment on. Even reposting a news article can be problematic if the article is viewed as negative toward the royal family.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Don\u2019t assume your account is too small to attract attention. Authorities monitor social media actively. Third parties file complaints based on content they encounter online. A single screenshot from a stranger is enough to start an investigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"be-careful-with-photos-and-symbols\">Be Careful with Photos and Symbols<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Images of the royal family appear on Thai currency, in public buildings, and at events. Treat them with respect. Don\u2019t step on a coin (it bears the King\u2019s image). Don\u2019t deface or damage any image of the monarchy. Stand when the royal anthem plays before movies. These aren\u2019t just customs. They have legal implications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"watch-what-you-read-and-share\">Watch What You Read and Share<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Certain books, websites, and documentaries are blocked or banned in Thailand because of their content about the monarchy. Possessing or sharing banned material can support a prosecution. If you\u2019re unsure whether something is prohibited, don\u2019t share it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-to-do-if-youre-accused-of-lese-majeste\">What to Do If You\u2019re Accused of Lese Majeste<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you find yourself facing a lese majeste accusation, the next 48 hours are critical. Here\u2019s what to do and what not to do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Contact a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">Thai criminal defense lawyer<\/a>\u00a0immediately.<\/strong>\u00a0Don\u2019t wait. Don\u2019t try to handle it yourself. Don\u2019t rely on your embassy. You need qualified Thai legal counsel from the first moment.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Say nothing to police without your lawyer present.<\/strong>\u00a0You have the right to remain silent. Exercise it. Anything you say can and will be used against you. Be polite but firm.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Don\u2019t discuss the case on social media.<\/strong>\u00a0No posts. No tweets. No messages to friends explaining your side. Every word you put online becomes potential evidence.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Don\u2019t attempt to leave the country.<\/strong>\u00a0If charges have been filed, leaving (or attempting to leave) Thailand makes everything worse. It can result in additional charges and will almost certainly result in bail being denied.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Preserve evidence.<\/strong>\u00a0Screenshot any relevant communications. Save copies of the content in question. Your lawyer will need this to build your defense.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Contact your embassy.<\/strong>\u00a0After you\u2019ve spoken with your lawyer. Your embassy can provide consular assistance, but your lawyer directs the legal strategy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>From Our Practice<\/strong>In our experience, the single biggest mistake foreign clients make is talking too much before consulting a lawyer. Thai criminal procedure is different from what you\u2019re used to at home. The interrogation process, the role of confessions, the bail system: none of it works the way you\u2019d expect from watching American or British legal dramas. Get proper counsel first. Everything else follows from there.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"reform-efforts-and-international-pressure\">Reform Efforts and International Pressure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 112 has drawn sustained criticism from international organizations. In January 2025, UN human rights experts called for Thailand to repeal the lese majeste law entirely. Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and the International Federation for Human Rights have all issued statements condemning its use.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Inside Thailand, reform efforts have stalled. The Move Forward Party (now the People\u2019s Party) campaigned on amending Section 112 in the 2023 elections. That position contributed to the party\u2019s eventual <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/dissolution-liquidation\/\">dissolution<\/a> by the Constitutional Court. Subsequent governments have shown no appetite for reform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The political amnesty law, the Act on Promoting a Peaceful Society B.E. 2569, came into force on 24 August 2026. It covers offences connected with political gatherings and political expression between 1 January 2005 and 16 July 2025, but section 3 expressly excludes Section 112. Lese majeste charges were left out of the amnesty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bottom line: don\u2019t bet on the law changing anytime soon. Plan your behavior around the law as it stands today, not as you hope it might be tomorrow.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thailands-lese-majeste-law-compared-to-other-countries\">Thailand\u2019s Lese Majeste Law Compared to Other Countries<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many countries have some form of lese majeste or royal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/defamation\/\">defamation<\/a> law on their books. But Thailand\u2019s version stands out for its severity and enforcement frequency. (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/L%C3%A8se-majest%C3%A9\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wikipedia on Lese-Majest\u00e9<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Country<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Law<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Maximum Penalty<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Enforcement Level<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Thailand<\/td><td>Criminal Code Section 112<\/td><td>3-15 years per count<\/td><td>Very active (280+ cases since 2020)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Saudi Arabia<\/td><td>Various royal protection laws<\/td><td>Varies (can be severe)<\/td><td>Active<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Netherlands<\/td><td>Criminal Code Art. 111<\/td><td>Up to 5 years<\/td><td>Rarely enforced<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Spain<\/td><td>Criminal Code Art. 490-491<\/td><td>Up to 2 years<\/td><td>Occasionally enforced<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Denmark<\/td><td>Repealed in 2017<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>United Kingdom<\/td><td>No lese majeste law<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Canada \/ USA<\/td><td>No lese majeste law<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For Western expats, the key takeaway is this: the legal environment you\u2019re used to doesn\u2019t exist in Thailand when it comes to the monarchy. Free speech protections that you take for granted at home simply don\u2019t apply. Thailand\u2019s law is active, enforced, and carries real prison time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions-about-lese-majeste-in-thailand\">Frequently Asked Questions About Lese Majeste in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1773991660282\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is lese majeste in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Lese majeste is a criminal offense under Section 112 of the Thai Criminal Code. It prohibits defaming, insulting, or threatening the King, Queen, Heir-Apparent, or Regent. The penalty is 3 to 15 years in prison per count.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1773991661423\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can foreigners be charged with lese majeste in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Section 112 applies to everyone on Thai soil, regardless of nationality, and under Penal Code section 7(1) it can be prosecuted in Thailand even when the act was committed abroad. Foreigners have been arrested, convicted, and imprisoned. Some received royal pardons and deportation, but no outcome is guaranteed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1773991687173\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can social media posts lead to lese majeste charges?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Sharing, liking, or commenting on content about the monarchy can trigger charges. Both Section 112 and Section 14 of the Computer Crime Act apply. Online activity is actively monitored by Thai authorities.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1773991697965\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the maximum penalty for lese majeste in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Each count carries 3 to 15 years in prison. Separate acts are separate counts, and the combined term cannot exceed fifty years (Section 91(3)). The current record sentence is 50 years for 27 social media posts.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1773991698789\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is there bail for lese majeste charges?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Bail is possible but not guaranteed. Courts have denied bail in many cases since 2020. Foreigners face extra scrutiny because courts consider them flight risks. An experienced\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">criminal defense lawyer<\/a>\u00a0is essential from day one.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1773991729129\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does lese majeste apply to comments about deceased Thai kings?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It is unsettled. The section names the King, the Queen, the Heir-apparent and the Regent, and we can produce no Supreme Court judgment holding that it extends to a former King. In practice complaints have been filed and prosecutions brought over content about King Bhumibol (Rama IX), who died in 2016, so treat the risk as real.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1773991729966\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What should I do if accused of lese majeste in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Contact a Thai criminal defense lawyer immediately. Say nothing without your lawyer present. Don\u2019t post about it on social media. Don\u2019t try to leave Thailand.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/contact-us\/\">Reach out to our team<\/a>\u00a0for urgent assistance.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-lese-majeste-in-thailand\">How ThaiLawOnline Can Help<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We\u2019ve been representing clients for criminal matters in Thailand since 2006. Our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">criminal law team<\/a>\u00a0understands the Thai legal system from the inside. We know how police investigations work. We know how prosecutors think. And we know what strategies give clients the best possible outcome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you or someone you know is facing a lese majeste accusation, time matters. Early legal intervention can influence how police handle the investigation, whether bail is granted, and how the case proceeds. Don\u2019t wait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We also provide preventive counsel for businesses operating in Thailand. If your employees create content, manage social media accounts, or engage in public communications, we can help you develop policies that protect your people from inadvertent violations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/contact-us\/\">Contact ThaiLawOnline<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0for a confidential consultation. We respond within 24 to 48 hours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-takeaways\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Section 112 criminalizes defaming, insulting, or threatening the Thai monarchy. Penalty: 3-15 years per count.<\/li>\n\n<li>The law applies to Thai citizens and foreigners alike. Your nationality doesn\u2019t protect you.<\/li>\n\n<li>Social media activity (posts, shares, likes, comments) triggers both Section 112 and the Computer Crime Act.<\/li>\n\n<li>Sentences can be stacked consecutively, up to the fifty-year ceiling in Section 91(3). The current record is 50 years for 27 Facebook posts.<\/li>\n\n<li>Whether the law reaches deceased monarchs is unsettled, but comments about previous kings have been prosecuted.<\/li>\n\n<li>Anyone can file a lese majeste complaint. Police must investigate a signed report; they may decline an anonymous one.<\/li>\n\n<li>Conviction rates are roughly 80%. Prosecutors indict in about 99% of cases.<\/li>\n\n<li>The safest approach: don\u2019t discuss the Thai monarchy at all, in person or online.<\/li>\n\n<li>If accused, contact a criminal defense lawyer immediately. Say nothing without counsel present.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Qu\u2019est-ce que le crime de l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9 en droit tha\u00eflandais\u00a0?<br \/>\nLese majeste (du fran\u00e7ais \" majest\u00e9 bless\u00e9e \") est une infraction p\u00e9nale en Tha\u00eflande. Elle est codifi\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019article 112 du Code p\u00e9nal tha\u00eflandais. Cette disposition est en vigueur en Tha\u00eflande depuis 1908, bien que la version actuelle date de 1957.<br \/>\nVoici le texte l\u00e9gal exact de l\u2019article 112\u00a0:\"Toute personne qui diffame, insulte ou menace le Roi, la Reine, l\u2019h\u00e9ritier pr\u00e9somptif ou le Regent, sera punie d\u2019une peine d\u2019emprisonnement de trois \u00e0 quinze ans\".<br \/>\nC\u2019est tout. Trois-vingt-douze mots. Mais ces trente-deux mots portent une immense importance. La loi ne d\u00e9finit pas \" diffamation \" ou \" insultes \". Elle n\u2019explique pas ce qui constitue une menace. Les tribunaux disposent d\u2019un large pouvoir discr\u00e9tionnaire en mati\u00e8re d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation. Et cette ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 constitue, en pratique, l\u2019un des traits les plus dangereux de la loi.<br \/>\nQui est prot\u00e9g\u00e9 par l&#039;article 112 ?<br \/>\nLa loi d\u00e9signe quatre personnes prot\u00e9g\u00e9es\u00a0: le roi, la reine, l\u2019h\u00e9ritier pr\u00e9somptif et le r\u00e9gent. Actuellement, il s\u2019agit du roi Maha Vajiralongkorn (Rama X) et de la reine Suthida.<br \/>\nMais il y a un hic. La Cour supr\u00eame tha\u00eflandaise a statu\u00e9 que l&#039;article 112 s&#039;applique \u00e9galement aux monarques d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s. Ainsi, des propos concernant le d\u00e9funt roi Bhumibol (Rama IX), d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 en 2016, peuvent encore entra\u00eener des poursuites. D&#039;apr\u00e8s notre exp\u00e9rience, cela surprend beaucoup d&#039;expatri\u00e9s.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":1442,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-10-31\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"lese majeste","rank_math_title":"Lese Majeste in Thailand: Section 112 Explained","rank_math_description":"Section 112 carries 3 to 15 years per count, capped at 50 years in total by section 91. Who can complain, what counts as an offence, bail, and foreigners.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Lese Majeste","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-1441","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1441","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1441"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1441\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12447,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1441\/revisions\/12447"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1442"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1441"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}