{"id":1807,"date":"2026-04-18T17:01:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-18T10:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/incapacity\/"},"modified":"2026-09-27T19:14:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T12:14:07","slug":"incapacity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/incapacity\/","title":{"rendered":"Incapacit\u00e9 et quasi-incapacit\u00e9 en droit tha\u00eflandais"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Incapacit\u00e9<\/strong> (\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16 for an <em>personne incomp\u00e9tente<\/em>, \u0e04\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16 for a <em>personne quasi incomp\u00e9tente<\/em>, \u00e9galement traduit <em>incomp\u00e9tence<\/em> ET <em>quasi-incomp\u00e9tence<\/em>) est le statut juridique d'un adulte qu'un tribunal a jug\u00e9 incapable, en tout ou en partie, de g\u00e9rer ses propres affaires. Les articles 28 \u00e0 36 du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Code civil et commercial<\/a> cr\u00e9er deux r\u00e9gimes : l'incapacit\u00e9 totale, qui place la personne sous tutelle, et la quasi-incapacit\u00e9, qui la place sous curatelle dont le consentement est requis pour les actes importants. Le statut n'existe qu'\u00e0 partir de la d\u00e9cision du tribunal, et non de la condition m\u00e9dicale elle-m\u00eame.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#the-two-levels-the-code-recognises\">Les deux niveaux reconnus par le Code<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#where-foreigners-meet-the-rules-in-practice\">O\u00f9 les \u00e9trangers se plient aux r\u00e8gles en pratique<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#incompetent-quasi-incompetent-and-minor-compared\">Incomp\u00e9tent, quasi-incomp\u00e9tent et mineur compar\u00e9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Foire aux questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-two-levels-the-code-recognises\">Les deux niveaux reconnus par le Code<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Incomp\u00e9tence (Article 28).<\/strong> Une personne interdite d'esprit peut \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9e incomp\u00e9tente par le tribunal \u00e0 la demande d'un conjoint, d'un ascendant, d'un descendant, d'un tuteur ou curateur en exercice, de la personne qui prend soin d'elle, ou du <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/public-prosecutor\/\">minist\u00e8re public<\/a>. The person is placed under guardianship. A spouse becomes the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/guardian\/\">tuteur<\/a> by law unless the court, for good reason, appoints someone else (Section 1463), and the order is published in the Royal Gazette. Under Section 29 every juristic act done by an incompetent person is voidable. Section 30 covers the gap before any order: an act by a person of unsound mind not yet adjudged incompetent is voidable only if done while of unsound mind and the other party knew it.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Quasi-incomp\u00e9tence (Section 32).<\/strong> This applies to a person who, through physical or mental infirmity, habitual prodigality, habitual intoxication or a similar cause, cannot manage their affairs properly. The court places them under curatorship. The person keeps capacity for ordinary life, but Section 34 lists eleven kinds of act that need the curator&#8217;s prior consent, among them investing property, borrowing or lending money, giving a guarantee, long leases, gifts beyond what is fitting, refusing a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/gift\/\">cadeau<\/a> or accepting one with conditions, acquiring or disposing of rights in land or valuable movables, major building work, going to court and settling a dispute. The court may add other acts, and where the person cannot act because of physical or mental infirmity it may authorise the curator to act instead. An act done without the required consent is voidable. Renouncing an inheritance, or accepting one that carries a burden or condition, is governed separately: it needs the curator&#8217;s consent and the court&#8217;s approval (Section 1611).<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"where-foreigners-meet-the-rules-in-practice\">O\u00f9 les \u00e9trangers se plient aux r\u00e8gles en pratique<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Le cas typique est celui d'un r\u00e9sident \u00e9tranger \u00e2g\u00e9 atteint de d\u00e9mence ou victime d'un accident vasculaire c\u00e9r\u00e9bral, d'un conjoint ou d'un enfant tha\u00eflandais qui a besoin d'une procuration sur des comptes bancaires, un appartement en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 ou pour des d\u00e9cisions m\u00e9dicales, et d'une banque qui refuse d'agir sur une signature dont elle doute. Un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/power-of-attorney\/\">procuration<\/a> does not solve this, because under Section 826 an agency ends when the principal becomes incompetent. The petition goes to the Juvenile and Family Court for the area where the person lives, with medical evidence (in Supreme Court Decision 4513\/2542 the Central Juvenile and Family Court had refused a petition because the petitioner lived outside its area, and the Supreme Court reversed: the cause arises where the person of unsound mind lives), usually a psychiatric report from a government hospital, and the court hears the family and, where possible, sees the person.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Les documents r\u00e9dig\u00e9s alors qu'on est capable restent la meilleure option. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/will\/\">testament<\/a> fait avant la commande reste valable, mais l'article 1704 rend nul le testament d'une personne d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9clar\u00e9e incomp\u00e9tente. Un <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/living-will-in-thailand\/\">Directives anticip\u00e9es<\/a> En vertu de l'article 12 de la loi nationale sur la sant\u00e9 de B.E. 2550 (2007), une personne comp\u00e9tente est autoris\u00e9e \u00e0 refuser \u00e0 l'avance un traitement prolongeant la vie ; la d\u00e9claration doit \u00eatre sign\u00e9e alors que le d\u00e9clarant est encore mentalement capable.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"incompetent-quasi-incompetent-and-minor-compared\">Incomp\u00e9tent, quasi-incomp\u00e9tent et mineur compar\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Un mineur de moins de 20 ans est \u00e9galement une personne \u00e0 capacit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e, mais en raison de son \u00e2ge plut\u00f4t que par d\u00e9cision de justice : les actes n\u00e9cessitent le consentement du titulaire de l'autorit\u00e9 parentale, \u00e0 l'exception des actes qui profitent uniquement au mineur et des n\u00e9cessit\u00e9s de la vie quotidienne. L'incapacit\u00e9 et la quasi-incapacit\u00e9 doivent \u00eatre prononc\u00e9es par un tribunal et ne prennent fin que lorsque le tribunal r\u00e9voque la d\u00e9cision parce que la cause a cess\u00e9.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Statut<\/th><th>Section<\/th><th>Qui agit pour la personne<\/th><th>Effet sur les transactions<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Mineur<\/td><td>Articles 19 \u00e0 21<\/td><td>Titulaire de l'autorit\u00e9 parentale ou tuteur<\/td><td>Actes sans consentement annulables, sous r\u00e9serve d'exceptions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Quasi-incomp\u00e9tent<\/td><td>Articles 32 \u00e0 36<\/td><td>Conservateur<\/td><td>Les actes \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9s n\u00e9cessitent le consentement du curateur ou sont annulables<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Incomp\u00e9tent<\/td><td>Articles 28 \u00e0 31<\/td><td>Gardien<\/td><td>Tous les actes juridiques annulables ; le tuteur agit \u00e0 la place<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 27 September 2026.<\/strong> Civil and Commercial Code sections 28 to 36, 826, 1463, 1611 and 1704 and section 12 of the Conflict of Laws Act B.E. 2481 were read in Thai, with Supreme Court Decision 4513\/2542 read to its disposition. The minor rules in sections 19 to 21 and the living will under section 12 of the National Health Act were not re-read in this review.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Foire aux questions<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Un \u00e9tranger peut-il \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9 incomp\u00e9tent par un tribunal tha\u00eflandais ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Yes, if the foreigner is domiciled or resident in Thailand. Under Section 12 of the Conflict of Laws Act B.E. 2481 the grounds are those of the national law of the person, but a Thai court may not make the order on a ground that Thai law does not allow, and the effects of the order follow Thai law. The court needs medical evidence. A spouse becomes guardian by law unless the court appoints someone else for good reason (Section 1463), and the guardian then manages the affairs of the person under the rules on guardians in Book 5 of the Code.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre incomp\u00e9tent et quasi-incomp\u00e9tent en Tha\u00eflande ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Une personne incapable en vertu de l'article 28 est ali\u00e9n\u00e9e mentale et perd enti\u00e8rement sa capacit\u00e9 ; un tuteur agit en son nom et tout acte qu'elle accomplit elle-m\u00eame est annulable. Une personne quasi-incapable en vertu de l'article 32 souffre d'une infirmit\u00e9 moindre et conserve sa capacit\u00e9 pour les actes ordinaires, mais a besoin du consentement d'un curateur pour les transactions importantes \u00e9num\u00e9r\u00e9es \u00e0 l'article 34.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Est-ce qu'une procuration fonctionne toujours si la personne devient incomp\u00e9tente ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Non. En vertu de l'article 826, un mandat prend fin lorsque le mandant devient incomp\u00e9tent, et les banques tha\u00eflandaises ainsi que le bureau foncier n'agiront pas sur la base d'une procuration s'ils ont connaissance de cette incapacit\u00e9. La famille doit alors obtenir une ordonnance du tribunal nommant un tuteur ou un curateur pour g\u00e9rer les affaires de la personne.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Voir aussi\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/guardian\/\">tuteur<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/void-and-voidable\/\">actes juridiques nuls et annulables<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/family-court\/\">Tribunal pour enfants et pour la famille<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/terminal-illness\/\">maladie terminale<\/a>, et les guides complets pour <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/living-will-in-thailand\/\">Testament de vie en Tha\u00eflande<\/a> ET <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/last-will-in-thailand\/\">r\u00e9diger un testament en Tha\u00eflande<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Incapacity (\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16 for an incompetent person, \u0e04\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16 for a quasi-incompetent person, also translated incompetence and quasi-incompetence) is the legal status [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":214,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Legal incapacity in Thailand: a court can declare a person incompetent (Section 28) or quasi-incompetent (Section 32) and appoint a guardian or 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