{"id":1852,"date":"2026-04-18T17:01:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-18T10:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/treaty-of-amity\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T08:39:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T01:39:20","slug":"treaty-of-amity","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/treaty-of-amity\/","title":{"rendered":"Trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9 (Trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9 et de relations \u00e9conomiques entre les \u00c9tats-Unis et la Tha\u00eflande)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Le <strong>Trait\u00e9 d&#039;amiti\u00e9<\/strong> (\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35, in full the <em>Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations between the United States and Thailand<\/em>, also the <em>Trait\u00e9 d&#039;amiti\u00e9 am\u00e9ricano-tha\u00eflandais<\/em> ou <em>Amity Treaty<\/em>) is a 1966 bilateral agreement that gives US citizens and US-owned companies national treatment in Thailand, so that they may own a majority or all of a Thai company in most business sectors despite the Foreign Business Act. It does not give Americans the right to own land, which remains barred by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/land-code\/\">Code foncier<\/a>, and it excludes a short list of sectors. No other nationality has a comparable general right under Thai law.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#what-the-treaty-of-amity-allows-and-excludes\">Ce que le Trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9 autorise et exclut<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-an-american-company-obtains-treaty-status\">Comment une entreprise am\u00e9ricaine obtient le statut de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d'un trait\u00e9<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#treaty-of-amity-compared-with-boi-and-an-fbl\">Trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9 compar\u00e9 au BOI et \u00e0 une FBL<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Foire aux questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-the-treaty-of-amity-allows-and-excludes\">Ce que le Trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9 autorise et exclut<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>The treaty overrides the 49% foreign ownership ceiling.<\/strong> Sous le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/foreign-business-act\/\">Loi sur les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res BE 2542<\/a>, a company more than 49% foreign-owned needs a Foreign Business Licence for most service and trading activities. A company that is majority American, with a majority of American <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/director\/\">r\u00e9alisateurs<\/a>, is instead treated as a Thai company for those activities once it holds a Foreign Business Certificate issued under the treaty. Signed on 29 May 1966 and in force since 1968, the treaty survived the 1999 Act through a specific carve-out for existing treaties.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Article IV keeps six sectors closed to treaty companies: communications, transport, fiduciary functions, banking involving depository functions, the exploitation of land or other natural resources, and domestic trade in indigenous agricultural products. Professions reserved to Thais (law, accountancy, architecture and the like) stay closed too, and the treaty gives no exemption from <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/work-permit\/\">permis de travail<\/a> rules, the Immigration ratio of four Thai employees per foreigner, or the Land Code.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-an-american-company-obtains-treaty-status\">Comment une entreprise am\u00e9ricaine obtient le statut de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire d'un trait\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Certification has two stages.<\/strong> The company first proves its American ownership to the US Commercial Service at the US Embassy in Bangkok, which issues a certification letter after checking passports, incorporation documents and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/shareholder\/\">actionnaire<\/a> chain back to US citizens; green card holders do not count. The company then applies to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/dbd\/\">D\u00e9partement du d\u00e9veloppement des affaires<\/a> for a Foreign Business Certificate under the Foreign Business Act, paying an application fee and a certificate fee that together come to about 22,000 baht. The whole process typically takes six to ten weeks.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>At least 51% of the shares and a majority of the directors must be American, and the rest may be Thai or of any nationality. Minimum registered capital is 2 million baht, or 3 million baht where the activity would otherwise be restricted, and each foreign work permit requires 2 million baht of paid-up capital, with Immigration expecting four Thai employees per foreigner for the extension of stay. The certificate lapses automatically if American ownership falls below 51% or Americans lose control of the board, including through preference shares that shift voting power.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>The common mistake is to assume the certificate replaces everything else. A treaty company still registers for VAT, still needs the sector-specific licences a Thai company would need, and still cannot hold a Chanote in its own name.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"treaty-of-amity-compared-with-boi-and-an-fbl\">Trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9 compar\u00e9 au BOI et \u00e0 une FBL<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>An American choosing between the treaty, Board of Investment promotion and a Foreign Business Licence is choosing between certainty and benefits. The treaty is quick and almost automatic but brings no tax incentives. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/boi\/\">BOI<\/a> promotion allows 100% foreign ownership for any nationality in promoted activities, with tax holidays and easier work permits, but requires a qualifying project. A Foreign Business Licence is discretionary, slow and often refused.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Itin\u00e9raire<\/th><th>Who qualifies<\/th><th>propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Trait\u00e9 d&#039;amiti\u00e9<\/td><td>US citizens and US-owned companies<\/td><td>Non<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Promotion BOI<\/td><td>Any nationality, promoted activities<\/td><td>Yes, for the promoted project with BOI approval<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Licence d'exploitation pour entreprise \u00e9trang\u00e8re<\/td><td>Any nationality, case by case<\/td><td>Non<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Since 2026 the Department of Business Development has been auditing Thai companies with foreign minority shareholders for nominee arrangements. A properly certified treaty company is outside that exercise because it needs no Thai shareholders at all, which is one of its quieter advantages.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Foire aux questions<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Un citoyen am\u00e9ricain peut-il poss\u00e9der 100% d'une entreprise en Tha\u00eflande ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Oui, en vertu du Trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9, \u00e0 condition que l'entreprise soit certifi\u00e9e par le Service commercial des \u00c9tats-Unis et d\u00e9tienne un certificat d'entreprise \u00e9trang\u00e8re d\u00e9livr\u00e9 par le D\u00e9partement du d\u00e9veloppement des entreprises. L'activit\u00e9 ne doit pas relever des secteurs exclus, tels que le transport, les communications, la banque de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts ou l'exploitation de terres.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Le Trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9 permet-il aux Am\u00e9ricains de poss\u00e9der des terres en Tha\u00eflande ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Non. Le trait\u00e9 r\u00e9serve express\u00e9ment l'exploitation des terres et des ressources naturelles, et le Code foncier n'autorise les \u00e9trangers \u00e0 poss\u00e9der des terres que dans le cadre d'un trait\u00e9 accordant des droits de biens immobiliers, ce que celui-ci ne fait pas. Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 constitu\u00e9e en vertu d'un trait\u00e9 peut louer des terres pour une dur\u00e9e maximale de 30 ans, poss\u00e9der un appartement en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 dans le cadre du quota r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux \u00e9trangers ou enregistrer un usufruit ou un droit de superficie.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Combien de temps prend l'enregistrement du Trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9 et combien cela co\u00fbte-t-il ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>From notarising the US documents to receiving the Foreign Business Certificate usually takes six to ten weeks. The US Commercial Service letter takes a few business days, and the Department of Business Development charges about 22,000 baht in application and certificate fees, on top of ordinary company registration costs.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Voir aussi\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/foreign-business-act\/\">Loi sur les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/foreign-business-licence\/\">Foreign Business Licence and Certificate<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/boi\/\">BOI<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/nominee\/\">pr\u00eate-nom<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/treaty-of-amity-in-thailand\/\">Trait\u00e9 d&#039;amiti\u00e9 en Tha\u00eflande<\/a> ET <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/foreign-business-in-thailand-boi-fbl\/\">Comparing BOI, FBL and Treaty of Amity<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Treaty of Amity (\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35, in full the Treaty of Amity and Economic Relations between the United States and Thailand, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":214,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"treaty of amity","rank_math_title":"Treaty of Amity: US-Owned Thai Companies | ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Treaty of Amity (1966) lets US citizens and companies own up to 100% of a Thai company. What it covers, excluded sectors, the certificate, and why no land.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-1852","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1852","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1852"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1852\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8416,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1852\/revisions\/8416"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1852"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}