{"id":246,"date":"2024-01-08T17:22:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-08T10:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-08-07T14:34:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-07T07:34:42","slug":"what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce qu&#039;il faut savoir avant de se pr\u00e9senter devant un tribunal en Tha\u00eflande"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"tlo-hublink wp-block-paragraph\">For what leads up to a hearing, see our overview of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">droit p\u00e9nal en Tha\u00eflande<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-toc\" class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\">\n<h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2>\n<nav>\n<ul>\n \t<li><a href=\"#1-codified-system\">Syst\u00e8me codifi\u00e9<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#2-mediation-and-conciliation-are-prioritized-very-important-to-know\">La m\u00e9diation et la conciliation sont prioritaires \u2013 c\u2019est tr\u00e8s important \u00e0 savoir<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#3-documents-must-be-signed-so-a-thai-lawyer-can-represent-you\">Les documents doivent \u00eatre sign\u00e9s afin qu&#039;un avocat tha\u00eflandais puisse vous repr\u00e9senter.<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#4-court-fees\">Frais de justice<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#5-dresscode-what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\">Code vestimentaire\u00a0: ce qu\u2019il faut savoir avant de se pr\u00e9senter au tribunal en Tha\u00eflande<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li><a href=\"#6-foreigners-need-interpreters\">Les \u00e9trangers ont besoin d&#039;interpr\u00e8tes<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/nav><\/div>\nDevez-vous compara\u00eetre devant un tribunal en Tha\u00eflande\u00a0? Si oui, ce texte peut vous \u00eatre utile. Le syst\u00e8me juridique tha\u00eflandais est un m\u00e9lange unique de coutumes traditionnelles tha\u00eflandaises et de principes juridiques occidentaux. Afin d&#039;\u00e9viter toute erreur, il est important de vous renseigner sur les points essentiels \u00e0 conna\u00eetre avant de vous pr\u00e9senter devant un tribunal en Tha\u00eflande. Le syst\u00e8me juridique tha\u00eflandais est un syst\u00e8me hybride de droit civil et de common law, con\u00e7u pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins de sa soci\u00e9t\u00e9. En Tha\u00eflande, m\u00eame des actions aussi simples que croiser les jambes sont interdites.\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure id=\"going-to-court-in-Thailand\" class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11014 tlo-responsive-img\" style=\"object-fit: cover; width: 400px; height: auto;\" title=\"compara\u00eetre devant un tribunal en Tha\u00eflande\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/What-You-Need-to-Know-Before-You-go-to-Court-in-Thailand.webp\" alt=\"Exemple de proc\u00e9dure judiciaire illustrant les d\u00e9marches \u00e0 suivre pour saisir un tribunal en Tha\u00eflande\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Exemple de tribunal tha\u00eflandais.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"1-codified-system\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Syst\u00e8me codifi\u00e9<\/h2>\nIn Thailand, the legal system is based on written laws. These laws are carefully recorded and easy for the public to access. The Constitution is the foundation of our legal system. Acts and statutes are also important but come after it. This hierarchical structure ensures that all legal provisions are in harmony with the fundamental principles enshrined in the Constitution.\n\nThe Thai legal system has three main levels. These are the Court of First Instance, the Court of Appeal, and the Supreme Court (also known as the Dika Court).\nIn addition to these main levels, there are specialized courts like Family Courts and Administrative Courts. These specialized courts handle specific types of legal issues. They offer a more detailed and targeted way to resolve legal matters in their specific areas of expertise.\nThere are also specialized courts like Family Courts and Administrative Courts that handle specific types of legal issues. These courts offer a more detailed and targeted way to resolve legal matters in their specific areas of expertise.\n<h2 id=\"2-mediation-and-conciliation-are-prioritized-very-important-to-know\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">La m\u00e9diation et la conciliation sont prioritaires \u2013 c\u2019est tr\u00e8s important \u00e0 savoir<\/h2>\nIl est important de savoir que le syst\u00e8me judiciaire tha\u00eflandais privil\u00e9gie la m\u00e9diation et la conciliation, notamment dans les litiges civils. Les proc\u00e9dures judiciaires pouvant \u00eatre longues, les modes alternatifs de r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends sont souvent encourag\u00e9s. Avant de saisir un tribunal en Tha\u00eflande, sachez que les autorit\u00e9s s&#039;efforceront de trouver un accord amiable. Elles privil\u00e9gieront la m\u00e9diation et aideront les deux parties \u00e0 parvenir \u00e0 un consensus, tout en pr\u00e9servant la dignit\u00e9 de chacune.\n<h2 id=\"3-documents-must-be-signed-so-a-thai-lawyer-can-represent-you\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les documents doivent \u00eatre sign\u00e9s afin qu&#039;un avocat tha\u00eflandais puisse vous repr\u00e9senter.<\/h2>\nRepresentation by a Thai lawyer in court requires signing a \u201clawyer\u2019s appointment\u201d document. You also need to provide copies of your identification. This formalizes the attorney-client relationship and authorizes the lawyer to act on the client\u2019s behalf.\n\nClients need to sign and date a blank power of attorney. They must also provide a copy of their passport. This is required by Thai law to allow legal representation. But this power of attorneys can also be used for other administrative tasks.\n\nKeeping the document blank lets the firm update or change the appointed attorney easily. This means no new signatures are needed if schedules or workloads change. For example, if another lawyer from our office needs to take over, it can be done smoothly. If the form is fully completed ahead of time, any changes would require new paperwork. This means clients would have to sign again, which can cause delays.\n\nThis process is safe. Every attorney is registered with the Lawyers Council of Thailand. The power of attorney is only for legal representation. It cannot be used to withdraw funds from a bank account, conduct real estate transactions or serve any other purpose. By signing a blank power of attorney at the start, clients help us work better. This allows us to provide smooth service during their case.\n<h2 id=\"4-court-fees\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frais de justice<\/h2>\nDes frais de justice peuvent s&#039;appliquer. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/\">affaires civiles en Tha\u00eflande<\/a>. Poursuivre une action en dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats entra\u00eene des frais de justice, g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de 21 \u00e0 30\u00a0000 bahts (21\u00a0000 \u00e0 30\u00a0000 bahts) sur le montant r\u00e9clam\u00e9. Des exceptions existent pour les demandes mineures ou celles exc\u00e9dant 10 millions de bahts, pour lesquelles ce pourcentage peut varier. Il est important d&#039;en tenir compte avant d&#039;entamer une proc\u00e9dure judiciaire en Tha\u00eflande. Outre les honoraires d&#039;avocat, vous devrez \u00e9galement pr\u00e9voir d&#039;\u00e9ventuels frais de justice.\n<h2 id=\"5-dresscode-what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Code vestimentaire\u00a0: ce qu\u2019il faut savoir avant de se pr\u00e9senter au tribunal en Tha\u00eflande<\/h2>\nCourtroom decorum in Thailand is taken very seriously. Appropriate attire is very important, which means you should avoid wearing flip-flops, shorts, sleeveless shirts, or casual clothing. Men are advised to wear long pants and a collared shirt, while women should dress modestly, avoiding short skirts, tight clothing, or sleeveless tops. This dress code shows respect for the court, which represents His Majesty the King. It requires a high level of respect and formality.\n\nIt is not always necessary, but it is also good idea to follow the dress code when visiting government offices. Places such as Immigration or the Labour Department. Officials in these departments may interpret respectful attire as an indication of seriousness, professionalism, and courtesy. Dressing appropriately can significantly influence how smoothly interactions proceed and can often positively impact the outcome of your visit.\n\nBehavior within the courtroom and government offices should also reflect utmost respect and politeness. Disruptions, informalities, or casual postures, such as crossing your legs when seated, are prohibited in court settings. Furthermore, to protect privacy and maintain dignity, photography is strictly forbidden within court premises. Adhering to these guidelines demonstrates cultural awareness and respect, helping you avoid misunderstandings or potential accusations of contempt.\n<h2 id=\"6-foreigners-need-interpreters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les \u00e9trangers ont besoin d&#039;interpr\u00e8tes<\/h2>\nLes \u00e9trangers sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 des complexit\u00e9s suppl\u00e9mentaires au sein du syst\u00e8me juridique tha\u00eflandais. La r\u00e9glementation des visas, les lois sur la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 immobili\u00e8re et les r\u00e9glementations commerciales pr\u00e9sentent des subtilit\u00e9s qui exigent une grande prudence et souvent le recours \u00e0 une expertise juridique locale.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/legal-interpreters-in-thai-courtrooms\/\"> Les \u00e9trangers ont \u00e9galement besoin d&#039;interpr\u00e8tes devant les tribunaux.<\/a> Parce que toutes les proc\u00e9dures se d\u00e9roulent en tha\u00ef. Que faut-il savoir avant de se rendre au tribunal en Tha\u00eflande\u00a0? Sachez que votre interpr\u00e8te peut faire toute la diff\u00e9rence.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n \t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coj.go.th\/th\/content\/page\/index\/id\/91994\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Cour de justice en Tha\u00eflande<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"civil-litigation-in-thailand\">Civil Litigation in Thailand: What the Process Looks Like<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>If a dispute cannot be settled, civil litigation is the route. Civil cases are governed principally by the Civil and Commercial Code, and they cover contractual disputes and breaches, property and landlord-tenant matters, tort claims such as personal injury and defamation, family matters including divorce, custody and inheritance disputes, and debt collection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-steps\">The Steps, in Order<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pre-action notice.<\/strong> A formal notice is normally sent first, setting out the dispute and the action contemplated.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Filing the complaint.<\/strong> If no settlement is reached, a complaint is filed with the court setting out the claims and the remedies sought.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Defendant&#8217;s answer.<\/strong> The defendant has a set period, usually 15 days, to respond.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Mediation.<\/strong> Thai courts actively push mediation before trial. This is not a formality: see the section above on why it matters.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Trial.<\/strong> If mediation fails, both sides present evidence and argument before a judge. There is no jury.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Judgment.<\/strong> The court may award money, or order a party to do or refrain from doing something.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Appeal.<\/strong> Either party may appeal to a higher court.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"three-things-that-decide-cases-early\">Three Things That Decide Cases Early<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Prescription.<\/strong> Thai law sets limitation periods for bringing an action. Miss the period and the claim is lost regardless of its merits, so the first question in any dispute is how long you have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jurisdiction.<\/strong> The right court depends on where the events happened, where the defendant lives, the nature and value of the claim, and whether you are suing a person, a company or a state body. Filing in the wrong court costs time you may not have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Language.<\/strong> Proceedings are conducted in Thai. Documents in other languages need certified translation, and a foreign party needs an interpreter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A lawyer&#8217;s value here is concentrated at the start: assessing whether the claim is worth bringing, getting the limitation period and the forum right, drafting the pleadings correctly, and negotiating at mediation before costs mount. If you need representation in a civil dispute, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/contact-thailawonline\/\">Contactez-nous<\/a>.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>For what leads up to a hearing, see our overview of criminal law in Thailand. Table of Contents Codified system [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":630,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-246","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=246"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3941,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/246\/revisions\/3941"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=246"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}