{"id":2979,"date":"2026-07-22T23:01:11","date_gmt":"2026-07-22T16:01:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/last-will-in-thailand\/supreme-court-decisions-last-will-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-11-04T04:51:44","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T21:51:44","slug":"supreme-court-decisions-last-will-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/last-will-in-thailand\/supreme-court-decisions-last-will-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"10 d\u00e9cisions de la Cour supr\u00eame tha\u00eflandaise que tout \u00e9tranger r\u00e9digeant un testament devrait conna\u00eetre"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>We analyzed more than 75 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> of Thailand (\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32) decisions on wills and succession from our full-text database of Thai case law, from 1936 to 2025. Most of them matter only to lawyers. These ten matter to <strong>you<\/strong>. Each one is a real family&#8217;s story, and each one ends in a rule that can save, or sink, your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/estate\/\">estate<\/a> plan in Thailand.<\/em> Our full guide: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/last-will-in-thailand\/\">last will in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2 id=\"table-of-contents\">Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-yes-your-foreign-heirs-can-inherit-thai-land-dika-7200-2540-1997\">1. Yes, your foreign heirs can inherit Thai land, Dika 7200\/2540 (1997)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#2-your-unmarried-thai-partner-inherits-nothing-dika-2102-2551-2008\">2. Your unmarried Thai partner inherits nothing, Dika 2102\/2551 (2008)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-everyone-signs-together-in-one-sitting-dika-997-2549-2006\">3. Everyone signs together, in one sitting, Dika 997\/2549 (2006)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-your-beneficiary-s-spouse-must-not-witness-dika-4001-2545-2002\">4. Your beneficiary&#8217;s spouse must not witness, Dika 4001\/2545 (2002)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#5-you-cannot-cancel-a-will-by-letter-dika-6981-2545-2002\">5. You cannot cancel a will by letter, Dika 6981\/2545 (2002)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-couples-make-two-mirror-wills-never-one-joint-will-dika-1243-2563-2020\">6. Couples: make two mirror wills, never one joint will, Dika 1243\/2563 (2020)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#7-married-you-can-only-give-away-your-half-dika-899-900-2509-1966\">7. Married? You can only give away your half, Dika 899-900\/2509 (1966)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#8-a-doctor-s-certificate-can-save-your-will-dika-6522-2561-2018\">8. A doctor&#8217;s certificate can save your will, Dika 6522\/2561 (2018)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#9-deathbed-wills-controlled-by-a-beneficiary-get-destroyed-dika-574-575-2567-202\">9. Deathbed wills controlled by a beneficiary get destroyed, Dika 574-575\/2567 (2024)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#10-the-diy-handwritten-will-that-survived-dika-4044-2567-2024\">10. The DIY handwritten will that survived, Dika 4044\/2567 (2024)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#new-for-2026-your-foreign-marriage-makes-you-an-heir-dika-170-2569-2026\">New for 2026: your foreign marriage makes you an heir, Dika 170\/2569 (2026)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#new-for-2026-your-executor-cannot-keep-the-estate-and-the-one-year-deadline-will\">New for 2026: your executor cannot keep the estate, and the one-year deadline will not protect them, Dika 284\/2569 (2026)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-new-2026-rules-for-wills-in-thailand\">The new 2026 rules for wills in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#planning-to-use-a-trust-thai-law-says-no-section-1686\">Planning to use a trust? Thai law says no, Section 1686<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#before-you-buy-any-thai-will-check-five-things\">Before you buy any Thai will, check five things<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-legal-instruments-behind-this-article\">The legal instruments behind this article<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#more-rulings-every-will-maker-should-know\">More rulings every will maker should know<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">New to the subject? Start with our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/last-will-in-thailand\/\">complete guide to making a last will in Thailand<\/a> (from 3,900 THB, bilingual). For what happens after death, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/probate-in-thailand-estate-administration\/\">probate in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How to read the citations:<\/strong> &#8220;Dika 7200\/2540&#8221; means Supreme Court decision no. 7200 of Buddhist Era 2540, subtract 543 for the Western year (1997). Thailand is a civil-law country, so these rulings are not formally binding precedent, but every Thai court follows them in practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-yes-your-foreign-heirs-can-inherit-thai-land-dika-7200-2540-1997\">1. Yes, your foreign heirs can inherit Thai land, Dika 7200\/2540 (1997)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The single most misunderstood point in expat estate planning. A Chinese national willed part of a land plot to his foreign nephew; the widow argued that leaving Thai land to a foreigner is void. The Supreme Court disagreed: the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/land-code\/\">Land Code<\/a> does not absolutely prohibit foreign ownership. The foreign heir <strong>inherits the land<\/strong>, and must then either obtain permission or sell it within the statutory disposal period under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-land-code\/\">Section 94 of the Land Code<\/a>, a period the Director-General of Lands fixes at not less than 180 days and not more than one year. The Court added that even without permission the heir may still sell the land under Section 94, so the gift is not void.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: never write your foreign family out of Thai property. They inherit first, sell later, and a good will plans that window, for example by pairing the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/gift\/\">gift<\/a> with a registered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/\">usufruct<\/a> for a surviving spouse.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1656<\/h3><p>An ordinary written will must be made in writing, dated at the time it is made, and signed by the testator before at least two witnesses present at the same time, who must then and there sign to certify the testator&#039;s signature. An erasure, addition or other alteration is valid only if made in the same form.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A will may be made in the following form, namely: it must be made in writing and dated at the time of its making, and the testator must sign it before at least two witnesses present at the same time, who must then and there sign their names certifying the signature of the testator.\n No erasure, omission, addition or other alteration to such a will is valid unless it is made in the same form as is required by this section for the making of the will.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1656\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1657<\/h3><p>A holographic will must be written entirely in the testator&#039;s own hand: the whole text, the date and the signature. No witnesses are required, and an alteration is valid only if the testator makes it by hand and signs beside it.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A will may be made as a document written entirely by the testator, that is to say, the testator must write with their own hand the whole of the text, the date (day, month and year) and their signature.\n No erasure, omission, addition or other alteration of such a will is valid unless the testator has made it with their own hand and has signed beside it.\n Section 9 of this Code does not apply to a will made under this section.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1657\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1705<\/h3><p>A will, or any clause in it, is void if it contravenes Section 1652, 1653, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1660, 1661 or 1663. The list is closed and covers the bar on a ward making a will in favour of the guardian or the guardian&#039;s close relatives before the guardianship account is rendered (Section 1652), the bar on the writer, the witnesses and their spouses taking a benefit (Section 1653), and the formal requirements for each type of will. Because the section applies to a clause as well as to a whole will, a single offending gift can fail while the rest of the will stands.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A will or a testamentary disposition made contrary to the provisions of section 1652, 1653, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1660, 1661 or 1663 is void.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1705\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1653<\/h3><p>A person who writes a will, or who witnesses it, cannot take a benefit under that will, and the same bar applies to that person&#039;s spouse. Where a will is made orally under Section 1663, the competent official who records what the witnesses declare counts as the writer for this purpose. This is the rule most often overlooked when a family member writes out or witnesses a will: doing so defeats the gift intended for them or for their spouse.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The writer of a will, or a witness to it, cannot be a beneficiary under that will.\n The preceding paragraph applies equally to the spouse of the writer of, or a witness to, the will.\n The competent official who records the terms of a will notified to him by witnesses under Section 1663 is deemed to be the writer of the will for the purposes of this Section.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1653\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1694<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Where an earlier will is to be revoked, in whole or in part, by a later will, the revocation is valid only if the later will has been made in one of the forms prescribed by law.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1694\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 94 <small>Limitation of Aliens Right in Land<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Land acquired by an alien unlawfully or without permission shall be disposed of by that alien within the period prescribed by the Director-General, which shall be not less than one hundred and eighty days and not more than one year. If the land is not disposed of within the prescribed period, the Director-General shall have power to dispose of the land, and the provisions on forced disposal of land in Chapter 3 shall apply mutatis mutandis.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">Unofficial translation by the Office of the Council of State<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-94\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1754<\/h3><p>An inheritance claim is barred one year after the death, or after the statutory heir knew or ought to have known of the death. A claim under a will is barred one year after the legatee knew or ought to have known of the right. Subject to Section 193\/27 (which preserves a secured creditor&#039;s right to enforce against the mortgaged, pledged or retained property), a creditor whose claim against the deceased has a prescription period longer than one year must sue within one year after he knew or ought to have known of the death. In every case no claim may be brought more than ten years after the death.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">No action concerning an estate may be brought after one year from the death of the deceased, or from the time when the statutory heir knew or ought to have known of the death of the deceased.\n An action claiming under a provision of a will may not be brought after one year from the time when the legatee knew or ought to have known of the right that the legatee has under the will.\n Subject to section 193\/27 of this Code, where a creditor&#039;s claim against the deceased has a prescription period longer than one year, that creditor may not bring an action after one year from the time when the creditor knew or ought to have known of the death of the deceased.\n In any event, the claims referred to in the preceding paragraphs may not be brought after ten years from the death of the deceased.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1754\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1686<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A trust created, whether directly or indirectly, by will or by any juristic act taking effect during lifetime or after death, has no effect, except by virtue of the provisions of a law enacted for the creation of trusts.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1686\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1656<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e39\u0e14\u0e25\u0e1a \u0e15\u0e01 \u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1656\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1657<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14 \u0e27\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e39\u0e14\u0e25\u0e1a \u0e15\u0e01 \u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\n\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e59 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1657\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1705<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e52 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e53 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e56 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e57 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e58 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e56\u0e50 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e56\u0e51 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e51\u0e56\u0e56\u0e53 \u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1705\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1653<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e56\u0e53 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1653\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1694<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e14\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1694\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 94<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14 \u0e53 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-94\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1754<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e15\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01 \u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59\u0e53\/\u0e52\u0e57 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01 \u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e46 \u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e15\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e40\u0e25\u0e02\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59\u0e53\/\u0e52\u0e57 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e55 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e1e \u0e51 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48 \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e53\u0e55]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1754\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1686<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e4c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1686\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation open><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1656<\/h3><p>Le testament peut \u00eatre fait dans la forme suivante, \u00e0 savoir : il doit \u00eatre fait par \u00e9crit et dat\u00e9 du jour, du mois et de l&#039;ann\u00e9e au moment de sa confection, et le testateur doit le signer devant au moins deux t\u00e9moins pr\u00e9sents simultan\u00e9ment, lesquels doivent alors, au m\u00eame moment, apposer leur signature pour attester la signature du testateur.\n\nTout grattage, omission, ajout ou autre modification apport\u00e9 \u00e0 ce testament est sans effet, \u00e0 moins d&#039;avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 fait dans la m\u00eame forme que celle prescrite par le pr\u00e9sent article pour la confection du testament.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1656\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1657<\/h3><p>Le testament peut \u00eatre fait sous la forme d&#039;un acte enti\u00e8rement \u00e9crit par le testateur, c&#039;est-\u00e0-dire que le testateur doit \u00e9crire de sa propre main la totalit\u00e9 du texte, la date (jour, mois et ann\u00e9e) et sa signature.\n\nAucun grattage, retranchement, ajout ou autre modification apport\u00e9 \u00e0 ce testament n&#039;est valable, \u00e0 moins que le testateur ne l&#039;ait fait de sa propre main et ne l&#039;ait contresign\u00e9.\n\nL&#039;article 9 du pr\u00e9sent Code ne s&#039;applique pas au testament fait conform\u00e9ment au pr\u00e9sent article.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1657\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1705<\/h3><p>Le testament ou la disposition testamentaire fait en violation des articles 1652, 1653, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1660, 1661 ou 1663 est nul.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1705\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1653<\/h3><p>Le r\u00e9dacteur ou un t\u00e9moin du testament, ainsi que leur conjoint, ne peuvent en \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires. L&#039;agent qui a consign\u00e9 les dispositions rapport\u00e9es par les t\u00e9moins selon l&#039;article 1663 est r\u00e9put\u00e9 r\u00e9dacteur.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1653\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1694<\/h3><p>La r\u00e9vocation totale ou partielle d&#039;un testament ant\u00e9rieur par un testament post\u00e9rieur n&#039;est valable que si ce dernier a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tabli selon l&#039;une des formes pr\u00e9vues par la loi.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1694\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 94<\/h3><p>Tout terrain acquis par un \u00e9tranger de mani\u00e8re illicite ou sans autorisation doit \u00eatre ali\u00e9n\u00e9 par cet \u00e9tranger dans le d\u00e9lai fix\u00e9 par le Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, qui ne peut \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 cent quatre-vingts jours ni sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 un an. Si le terrain n&#039;est pas ali\u00e9n\u00e9 dans le d\u00e9lai fix\u00e9, le Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral a le pouvoir d&#039;ali\u00e9ner ce terrain, et les dispositions relatives \u00e0 l&#039;ali\u00e9nation forc\u00e9e de terrains pr\u00e9vues au chapitre 3 s&#039;appliquent mutatis mutandis.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-94\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1754<\/h3><p>Aucune action successorale ne peut \u00eatre intent\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l&#039;expiration d&#039;un d\u00e9lai d&#039;un an \u00e0 compter du d\u00e9c\u00e8s du de cujus, ou \u00e0 compter du moment o\u00f9 l&#039;h\u00e9ritier l\u00e9gal a eu connaissance ou aurait d\u00fb avoir connaissance du d\u00e9c\u00e8s du de cujus.\n\nL&#039;action fond\u00e9e sur une disposition testamentaire ne peut \u00eatre intent\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l&#039;expiration d&#039;un d\u00e9lai d&#039;un an \u00e0 compter du moment o\u00f9 le l\u00e9gataire a eu connaissance ou aurait d\u00fb avoir connaissance du droit qu&#039;il tient du testament.\n\nSous r\u00e9serve de l&#039;article 193\/27 du pr\u00e9sent Code, lorsque la cr\u00e9ance d&#039;un cr\u00e9ancier contre le de cujus est soumise \u00e0 un d\u00e9lai de prescription sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 un an, ce cr\u00e9ancier ne peut agir en justice apr\u00e8s l&#039;expiration d&#039;un d\u00e9lai d&#039;un an \u00e0 compter du moment o\u00f9 il a eu connaissance ou aurait d\u00fb avoir connaissance du d\u00e9c\u00e8s du de cujus.\n\nEn tout \u00e9tat de cause, les droits vis\u00e9s aux alin\u00e9as pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents ne peuvent \u00eatre exerc\u00e9s en justice apr\u00e8s l&#039;expiration d&#039;un d\u00e9lai de dix ans \u00e0 compter du d\u00e9c\u00e8s du de cujus.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1754\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1686<\/h3><p>Un trust constitu\u00e9 directement ou indirectement par testament, ou par tout acte juridique produisant effet du vivant de son auteur ou apr\u00e8s son d\u00e9c\u00e8s, est sans effet, sauf s&#039;il est constitu\u00e9 en vertu d&#039;une disposition l\u00e9gale autorisant la cr\u00e9ation de trusts.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-1686\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>Arr\u00eats de la Cour supr\u00eame<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/supreme-court-decisions\/1396-2518-secret-will-validity\/\">1396\/2518<\/a> (1975): Secret Document Will: Validity Requirements<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/supreme-court-decisions\/7199-2552-will-grants-only-usufruct-not-ownership\/\">7199\/2552<\/a> (2009): A Will Granting &#039;Right of Habitation and Usufruct for Life&#039; Gives Only Usufructuary Rights, Not Ownership<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/supreme-court-decisions\/2742-2545-half-siblings-heirs\/\">2742\/2545<\/a> (2002): Half-Siblings as Statutory Heirs<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>Sources<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code civil et commercial, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code foncier, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), consult\u00e9 le 19 f\u00e9vrier 2026<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-your-unmarried-thai-partner-inherits-nothing-dika-2102-2551-2008\">2. Your unmarried Thai partner inherits nothing, Dika 2102\/2551 (2008)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A man lived for years with his partner without registering the marriage. He typed a will leaving her his house, land and guns. After his death, his mother took everything. The typed document could not be a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/holographic-will\/\">holographic will<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1657\/\">Section 1657<\/a> requires the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/testator\/\">testator<\/a>&#8216;s handwriting throughout), and the two witnesses had signed <strong>five years after<\/strong> the testator, so it was void under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1705\/\">Section 1705<\/a>. Without a valid will, an unregistered partner is not an heir at all: property acquired during an unregistered union is not <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/marital-property\/\">marital property<\/a>, though an asset bought with money the couple earned together can be co-owned; here the land was the man&#8217;s own by inheritance and gift.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: if your marriage is not registered at the district office, your partner&#8217;s only protection is a properly executed will. This is the most common, and most preventable, disaster we see among expats.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-everyone-signs-together-in-one-sitting-dika-997-2549-2006\">3. Everyone signs together, in one sitting, Dika 997\/2549 (2006)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A will circulated for signatures: the testator signed, then it traveled to each witness separately, the doctor-witness testified the testator was not even present when he signed. Void. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1656\/\">Section 1656<\/a> demands the testator sign <em>before both witnesses simultaneously<\/em>, and the witnesses certify the signature then and there. And per Dika 11034\/2553, a will void for this reason can never be &#8220;confirmed&#8221; back to life afterwards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: one room, one ceremony, everyone present, everyone signs. In our analysis of 75+ disputes, this formality killed more wills than forgery ever did.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-your-beneficiary-s-spouse-must-not-witness-dika-4001-2545-2002\">4. Your beneficiary&#8217;s spouse must not witness, Dika 4001\/2545 (2002)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An elderly couple&#8217;s will was witnessed by the husband of one beneficiary. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1653\/\">Section 1653<\/a>, a witness, <em>or the spouse of a witness<\/em>, cannot take under the will: the gift to that beneficiary was struck out, though the rest of the will survived. (Merely being present in the room is harmless, Dika 5404\/2533, but signing is fatal.)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: witnesses must be adults who take nothing under the will and are married to no one who does. Use neighbors or colleagues, never family of your heirs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-you-cannot-cancel-a-will-by-letter-dika-6981-2545-2002\">5. You cannot cancel a will by letter, Dika 6981\/2545 (2002)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The day before he died, a man signed a letter confirming his first will and &#8220;cancelling&#8221; two later ones. The Supreme Court held the letter legally worthless: a will can be revoked only by the methods the Code prescribes, chiefly a new will, or intentional destruction of the old document. However clear the letter, however sound his mind, it revoked nothing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: to change your Thai will, make a new Thai will, and open it with an express clause revoking all earlier wills. Without that clause, an old will survives wherever it does not directly conflict with the new one (Dika 2832-2833\/2558).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-couples-make-two-mirror-wills-never-one-joint-will-dika-1243-2563-2020\">6. Couples: make two mirror wills, never one joint will, Dika 1243\/2563 (2020)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A husband and wife made one joint will forbidding either spouse from changing it after the other&#8217;s death. After the husband died, the widow made a new will anyway, cutting out one son. The Supreme Court upheld her: no clause can take away a person&#8217;s freedom to revoke their own will; the &#8220;irrevocability&#8221; promise was one testator&#8217;s stipulation about another person&#8217;s property, and void.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: joint wills promise a permanence Thai law refuses to enforce. We draft separate mirror wills for couples, two documents, same day, reciprocal terms (in Dika 7057\/2554 the Supreme Court upheld two district-office wills made the same day in which two women each left part of her property to the other).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"7-married-you-can-only-give-away-your-half-dika-899-900-2509-1966\">7. Married? You can only give away your half, Dika 899-900\/2509 (1966)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A husband willed marital assets in full to his chosen beneficiary. His wife had not known of or consented to the gift. The full Supreme Court held that, until the marital property has been divided, a spouse cannot will away the whole of it without the other spouse&#8217;s knowledge and consent: the gift took effect only over the husband&#8217;s own share (two thirds under the marital-property rules of that time), and the wife kept hers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: for a foreigner married to a Thai (or vice versa), the will covers only your 50% of marital assets. That is why we always ask about the marriage, the prenuptial, and both spouses&#8217; wills together, see our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/prenuptial-agreement-thailand\/\">prenuptial agreement guide<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"8-a-doctor-s-certificate-can-save-your-will-dika-6522-2561-2018\">8. A doctor&#8217;s certificate can save your will, Dika 6522\/2561 (2018)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Children attacked their mother&#8217;s will because she was diagnosed with a psychiatric illness months after signing. The Court refused: capacity is judged <em>only at the moment of execution<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1654\/\">Section 1654<\/a>), and a doctor&#8217;s certificate of sound mind issued 17 days before the will was treated as decisive. The will stood.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: if you are over 65, seriously ill, or expect a family fight, get a doctor&#8217;s certificate of sound mind dated the same week you sign. It costs a few hundred baht and has won real cases.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"9-deathbed-wills-controlled-by-a-beneficiary-get-destroyed-dika-574-575-2567-202\">9. Deathbed wills controlled by a beneficiary get destroyed, Dika 574-575\/2567 (2024)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Four days after being taken from hospital into the home of a family she had been in litigation against, an 89-year-old widow with terminal cancer and dementia-like confusion thumbprinted a will leaving everything to her caretaker, who then petitioned to have her declared incompetent, and later bought a house for a witness&#8217;s daughter. The Supreme Court voided the will: she could neither resist nor understand the document, so she never made a will at all. In the criminal mirror-image, Dika 4337\/2565 (2022), procuring a dementia patient&#8217;s thumbprint on a prepared will brought <strong>criminal forgery convictions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: plan while healthy. A will signed in the last weeks of life, arranged by the person who benefits from it, is presumptively doomed, and possibly a crime.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"10-the-diy-handwritten-will-that-survived-dika-4044-2567-2024\">10. The DIY handwritten will that survived, Dika 4044\/2567 (2024)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A man filled a pre-printed will form with nearly three pages of handwritten dispositions, dated and signed it. The Court of Appeal held it void; the Supreme Court reversed: because every operative word, date, dispositions, signature, was in his own hand, it qualified as a holographic will under Section 1657, printed frame notwithstanding. Contrast Dika 1223\/2551, where a pre-printed military will form failed: only one of the two witnesses had signed, so it was void as an ordinary will, and the handwritten fragments (names and blanks) could not make it a holographic one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: a fully handwritten, dated, signed will is a legitimate emergency option that needs no witnesses at all (Dika 8018\/2547), but one typed word in the operative text, or one witnessing slip on a form, and it dies. For anything you care about, execute a witnessed or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/public-will\/\">district-office will<\/a> properly.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"new-for-2026-your-foreign-marriage-makes-you-an-heir-dika-170-2569-2026\">New for 2026: your foreign marriage makes you an heir, Dika 170\/2569 (2026)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A couple married in Florida in 1990. When the husband died in Thailand, the person who had cared for him opposed the widow&#8217;s appointment as administrator, and the Court of Appeal found her unfit. The Supreme Court (black case no. \u0e1e.630\/2568, on appeal from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-of-appeal\/\">Court of Appeal<\/a> Region 6) disagreed: under Section 1459 paragraph 1 of the Civil and Commercial Code (a marriage abroad where a spouse is Thai may follow the local form) and Section 20 of the Conflict of Laws Act B.E. 2481, the Florida marriage was valid in Thailand, no Thai registration or re-registration required, and the widow inherited as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/statutory-heir\/\">statutory heir<\/a>. To prove the marriage of more than 33 years, the court accepted just three documents: the foreign marriage record, an authentication from the issuing office (the Clerk of Court of Miami-Dade County), and a Thai translation. In the same case the deceased&#8217;s district-office will had already been held void, for failing the formalities of Section 1658 and therefore void under Section 1705, but that was decided by the Court of First Instance and not appealed, so it was final before the Supreme Court and the Supreme Court never ruled on it. One more reminder that even an &#8220;official&#8221; will can die on formalities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: a marriage validly celebrated where it took place is valid in Thailand and makes the surviving spouse a statutory heir, without Thai registration. Keep your foreign marriage record, an authentication and a certified translation on file. Read our full analysis of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand\/\">Dika 170\/2569 on foreign marriages and inheritance<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"new-for-2026-your-executor-cannot-keep-the-estate-and-the-one-year-deadline-will\">New for 2026: your executor cannot keep the estate, and the one-year deadline will not protect them, Dika 284\/2569 (2026)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A man died in 1993 leaving land to seven heirs. The court appointed one of the heirs as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/estate-administrator\/\">estate administrator<\/a>. Instead of distributing the land, she registered it in her own name, gave it to a relative, and the relative gave it to another heir, who subdivided the plot and sold part of it for 3,000,000 baht. When the other heirs sued, decades after the death, the defendant pleaded <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1754\/\">Section 1754<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code: an heir must bring an inheritance claim within one year of the death (or of learning of it), and never more than ten years after the death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court (published July 2026) rejected the defence. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1748\/\">Section 1748<\/a>, an heir in possession of estate property that has not yet been distributed can demand partition even after the one-year period has run. An administrator who registers estate land in her own name and passes it on by gift has not completed the administration; the land remains undistributed estate property, held for all the heirs (Section 1719; the published judgment also cites a section 1784, which does not exist in the Code). The Court ordered the remaining land back into the estate and made the defendant return 2,500,000 baht, five sixths of the sale price. It declined to strip him of his own share under Section 1605 (exclusion of an heir who misappropriates estate property), because he believed the land had become his own and so lacked the fraudulent intent that section requires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: choose your executor as carefully as your heirs. An executor who treats estate property as their own gains no shelter from the one-year rule, and an heir who ends up holding the property by gift has to return it to the estate. If you are an heir living abroad and the paperwork has gone quiet, check the title deed at the Land Office; discovering the problem years later is not necessarily fatal. Read our full analysis of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-inheritance-claims-after-one-year-dika-284-2569\/\">Dika 284\/2569 on inheritance claims after one year<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-new-2026-rules-for-wills-in-thailand\">The new 2026 rules for wills in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A new Ministerial Regulation, published in the Government Gazette in January 2026 and effective <strong>24 March 2026<\/strong>, replaced the 1960-era rules on wills made at district offices (\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e40\u0e20\u0e2d). It does not change who inherits, the Civil and Commercial Code still governs, but it standardizes procedure nationwide:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Official forms.<\/strong> The regulation annexes standard forms for official-document wills, secret wills and oral wills, and they can be made at any district office in the country.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Capacity screening.<\/strong> Where there is reasonable doubt that the testator is under 15 or of unsound mind, the officer must look into it and record the grounds and the result in the register (the regulation gives no power to refuse, and says nothing about coercion), a written trail that makes the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/amphoe-or-amphur-district-office\/\">amphur<\/a> will even harder to attack (recall Dika 1518\/2561: the challenger already bears the burden of proof).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Registration and sealing.<\/strong> The testator receives a receipt, every will is entered in a register, and the will is kept at the district office; the testator may take it back at any time, and for an official-document will the office first keeps a certified copy.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Low fee.<\/strong> The official fee is 250 baht, making the district-office will the cheapest professionally supervised will in Thailand.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Disinheritance and renunciation.<\/strong> Formal procedures now exist for registering a disinheritance, its revocation, and renunciation of inheritance at the district office.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since 24 March 2026, we recommend the official-document will more often than before, especially for elderly testators, usually alongside a bilingual lawyer-drafted will covering the details district forms cannot handle (foreign assets, disposal windows for land passing to foreign heirs, digital assets, executor powers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"planning-to-use-a-trust-thai-law-says-no-section-1686\">Planning to use a trust? Thai law says no, Section 1686<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Clients from common-law countries constantly ask us to put a testamentary trust in their Thai will. Thai law is blunt: under <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1686\/\">Section 1686<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code, a trust created directly or indirectly by will has no effect whatsoever<\/strong>. The only exception, capital-market trusts under the Trust for Transactions in Capital Market Act B.E. 2550 (2007), is for REITs and securitization, not families.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What works instead: a foreign trust for your <em>non-Thai<\/em> assets (never for Thai land, there is no way to register trustee title here), a Thai will for Thai assets, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/usufruct\/\">registered usufruct<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/right-of-habitation\/\">right of habitation<\/a> for a surviving spouse, a foundation (\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e19\u0e34\u0e18\u0e34) for charitable aims under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/book-6-succession\/\">Sections 1676-1677<\/a>, and a &#8220;controller of property&#8221; (\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c) under Section 1687 for minor heirs. Full analysis: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/trusts-in-thailand-foreign-jurisdiction\/\">trusts in Thailand via foreign jurisdictions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"before-you-buy-any-thai-will-check-five-things\">Before you buy any Thai will, check five things<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The internet sells many &#8220;Thailand will templates.&#8221; Before trusting your estate to one, ask:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Is a licensed Thai lawyer&#8217;s name on it?<\/strong> Wills are litigated in Thai, before Thai judges, under Thai case law. A drafter who cannot appear in a Thai courtroom cannot stand behind the document.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Is the drafter physically in Thailand?<\/strong> Execution is where wills die (see rules 3, 4 and 9 above). Someone must be able to supervise the signing ceremony, or fix it when the amphur asks questions.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Does it reflect the 2026 regulation?<\/strong> A template last updated years ago knows nothing about the regulation&#8217;s standard forms, the 250-baht amphur option, or registered disinheritance.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Does it cite any actual court decisions?<\/strong> Every warning on this page carries a Dika number you can verify. If a provider cannot show you the case law, they are guessing.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Who keeps the will, and who will still exist at your death?<\/strong> A will nobody can find is a will that never existed. We store clients&#8217; wills and our firm has operated in Thailand since 2006, more than 300 wills drafted, none invalidated by a court.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/last-will-in-thailand\/\">Our bilingual last will service (3,900 THB)<\/a> is drafted by Thai lawyers against the case law above, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/contact-us\/\">send us your existing will<\/a> and we will check it against these ten decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-legal-instruments-behind-this-article\">The legal instruments behind this article<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Every citation above can be checked against the primary sources we maintain, built and updated by our own lawyers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/\">The Thai Civil and Commercial Code in English<\/a>, including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/book-6-succession\/\">Book VI: Succession<\/a> and the key will provisions <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1656\/\">Section 1656<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1657\/\">Section 1657<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1658\/\">Section 1658<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-land-code\/\">The Thai Land Code<\/a>, for the foreign-heir disposal rules in Sections 93-94<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-decisions\/\">Our Supreme Court decisions collection<\/a>, curated Dika rulings in English<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/last-will-maker\/\">Our will drafting service<\/a>, a bilingual Thai will drafted by a Thai lawyer<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/if-you-die-without-a-will-in-thailand\/\">What happens if you die without a will in Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/\">Thai legal glossary<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-law-library\/\">Thai Law Library<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/ai-legal-assistant-thai-law\/\">Our AI legal assistant<\/a>, trained on the same database of laws and decisions used for this analysis<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 28 September 2026.<\/strong> Every decision cited on this page was checked in Thai against the point drawn from it: 7200\/2540, 2102\/2551, 997\/2549, 11034\/2553, 4001\/2545, 5404\/2533, 6981\/2545, 2832-2833\/2558, 1243\/2563, 7057\/2554, 899-900\/2509, 6522\/2561, 574-575\/2567, 4337\/2565, 4044\/2567, 1223\/2551, 8018\/2547, 1518\/2561, 170\/2569 and 284\/2569. Also read: Civil and Commercial Code sections 1608, 1654, 1676, 1677, 1686, 1687 and 1697, and the Ministerial Regulation on Wills B.E. 2569. The Land Code disposal period in section 94 and the firm&#8217;s own statistics were not re-checked. Re-checked on 10 October 2026: Land Code sections 93 and 94 read in Thai (Council of State consolidated text) and Supreme Court Decision 7200\/2540 re-read; the section 94 period, set by the Director-General at not less than 180 days and not more than one year, had been described as practice and is now stated as the statute gives it; the firm&#8217;s own statistics remain unverified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"more-rulings-every-will-maker-should-know\">More rulings every will maker should know<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Witnesses must sign, never thumbprint.<\/strong> The testator may sign by thumbprint before two certifying witnesses, but a witness who thumbprints does not count at all (Dika 359\/2521; Dika 4136\/2529).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A typed will can never be a holographic will.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1657\/\">Section 1657<\/a> demands the testator\u2019s handwriting throughout, though in 2024 the Court upheld handwritten dispositions on a printed form (Dika 4044\/2567; contrast Dika 2102\/2551).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>You cannot revoke a will by letter.<\/strong> Only a new will, physical destruction, or transfer of the property revokes a will (Dika 6981\/2545), and without an express revocation clause, an old will survives wherever it does not conflict with the new one (Dika 2832-2833\/2558).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Deathbed wills invite destruction.<\/strong> Courts void wills made by gravely ill testators under a beneficiary\u2019s control (Dika 574-575\/2567, decided 2024), while a doctor\u2019s certificate of sound mind dated near the signing has saved wills outright (Dika 6522\/2561).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Your executor cannot keep the estate, and the one-year deadline will not protect them.<\/strong> An administrator who registers estate land in her own name has not distributed it, so the heirs can still demand their shares under Section 1748 after the one-year limit in Section 1754 has run, and the heir who ended up with the land by gift had to return it to the estate, with most of the money from a part he had sold (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-inheritance-claims-after-one-year-dika-284-2569\/\">Dika 284\/2569<\/a>, decided 2026). Choose your executor as carefully as your heirs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000000\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Are Supreme Court decisions binding in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Thailand is a civil-law country, so precedent is not formally binding, but lower courts follow Dika rulings in practice, and they are the authoritative interpretation of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/book-6-succession\/\">Sections 1646-1710 of the Civil and Commercial Code<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000001\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the most common reason Thai wills fail?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Defective signing formalities, above all, the testator and both witnesses failing to sign in one another&#8217;s simultaneous presence. In the 75+ disputes we analyzed, form failures voided more wills than forgery claims succeeded.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a foreigner inherit a house or land in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Dika 7200\/2540 confirms a testamentary gift of land to a foreigner is valid; the foreign heir must then obtain permission or sell within the period set under Land Code Section 94, which is not less than 180 days and not more than one year. Condominium units have their own quota rules under the Condominium Act.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000003\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I put a trust in my Thai will?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No, Section 1686 of the Civil and Commercial Code makes trusts created by will void in Thailand. Use a Thai will for Thai assets and, where appropriate, a foreign trust for foreign assets.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000004\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What changed for wills in 2026?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A Ministerial Regulation effective 24 March 2026 standardized district-office will procedures nationwide: standard forms usable at any district office, a recorded check where age or sanity is in doubt, a will register, a 250-baht fee, and formal procedures for disinheritance and renunciation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000005\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do I need separate wills for Thailand and my home country?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Usually yes, one Thai will for Thai assets and one will per other jurisdiction, each carefully drafted not to revoke the others. A generic &#8220;all my worldwide assets&#8221; will forces your Thai heirs through translation, legalization and slower probate.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000006\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is a marriage celebrated abroad valid for inheritance in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. In Dika 170\/2569 (2026) the Supreme Court held a 1990 Florida marriage valid in Thailand without any Thai registration, making the surviving spouse a statutory heir. Proof required only the foreign marriage record, an authentication from the issuing office and a Thai translation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000007\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is it too late to claim a Thai inheritance after one year?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Not always. Section 1754 sets a one-year limit (ten years at the outside), but in Dika 284\/2569 (2026) the Supreme Court let heirs recover land more than twenty years after the death because the estate administrator had registered it in her own name instead of distributing it. Undistributed estate property stays open to a partition claim under Section 1748.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Author: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/sebastien-brousseau\/\" rel=\"author\">Sebastien H. Brousseau<\/a>, LL.B., B.Sc., editor of ThaiLawOnline, working in Thai law since 2006. Case digests are based on the full Thai texts of the cited decisions in ThaiLawOnline&#8217;s database of Supreme Court judgments (1920-2026). This article is information, not legal advice. Last updated August 2026; new decisions added as published.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n \"@type\": \"Article\",\n \"headline\": \"10 Thai Supreme Court Decisions Every Foreigner Making a Will Should Know\",\n \"description\": \"Real Thai Supreme Court rulings that voided or saved foreigners' wills, plus the new 2026 rules and why trusts fail in Thai wills.\",\n \"author\": [\n {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"S\u00e9bastien Brousseau\", \"honorificSuffix\": \"LL.B., B.Sc.\", \"jobTitle\": \"Managing Director, ThaiLawOnline\"}\n ],\n \"publisher\": {\"@type\": \"LegalService\", \"name\": \"ThaiLawOnline\", \"url\": \"https:\/\/thailawonline.com\", \"address\": {\"@type\": \"PostalAddress\", \"streetAddress\": \"Udom Suk Hub, 32 Sukhumvit 101\/2 Alley, Bang Na Nuea\", \"addressLocality\": \"Bang Na, Bangkok\", \"postalCode\": \"10260\", \"addressCountry\": \"TH\"}},\n \"datePublished\": \"2026-07-22\",\n \"dateModified\": \"2026-08-29\",\n \"inLanguage\": \"en\",\n \"about\": [\"Last will and testament in Thailand\", \"Thai Supreme Court decisions\", \"Thai inheritance law\"]\n}\n<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Real Thai Supreme Court rulings that voided or saved foreigners&#8217; wills &#8211; plus the new 2026 rules and why trusts fail in Thai wills. By Thai lawyers.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":311,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-04\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"supreme court decisions on wills in thailand","rank_math_title":"Thai Wills: 10 Supreme Court Decisions for Foreigners","rank_math_description":"Explore ten Thai Supreme Court decisions on wills and inheritance, covering witnesses, spouses, foreign heirs and practical lessons for estate planning.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Supreme Court Decisions on Wills in Thailand","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-2979","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2979"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2979\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12144,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2979\/revisions\/12144"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/311"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}