{"id":299,"date":"2023-06-05T12:54:25","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T05:54:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/civil-liability-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-09-25T18:36:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T11:36:34","slug":"civil-liability-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/civil-liability-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Responsabilit\u00e9 civile en Tha\u00eflande"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Last reviewed: 25 September 2026. Read in Thai against the Civil and Commercial Code, sections 420, 423, 438 and 446; the Civil Procedure Code, sections 149 to 151, 161 and 222\/1; section 11 of the Product Liability Act B.E. 2551; and section 42 of the Consumer Case Procedure Act B.E. 2551. Not verified in this review: the fee rates in Table 1 annexed to the Civil Procedure Code, and the practice described for notice letters and refunds.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Civil liability in Thailand refers to the legal responsibility one party (the defendant) has to another (the plaintiff) due to actions or omissions that cause harm or damage. It typically involves the obligation to compensate the injured party for losses incurred. This segment of legal provisions focuses on rectifying harm inflicted by individuals. The regulations predominantly fall within the domain of the Civil and Commercial Code of Thailand, where the general rule on wrongful acts is section 420, complemented by other relevant statutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#5-benefits-of-understanding-civil-liability\">5 avantages de la compr\u00e9hension de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-legislation-is-classified-into-two-primary-categories\">La l\u00e9gislation est class\u00e9e en deux cat\u00e9gories principales<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#civil-liability-in-thailand-can-arise-from-various-situations-such-as\">La responsabilit\u00e9 civile en Tha\u00eflande peut d\u00e9couler de diverses situations, telles que\u00a0:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#sending-a-notice-letter-before-court-proceedings-in-civil-law-in-thailand-is-normal\">L&#039;envoi d&#039;une lettre de mise en demeure avant une proc\u00e9dure judiciaire en droit civil en Tha\u00eflande est une pratique courante.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\"><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-benefits-of-understanding-civil-liability\">5 avantages de la compr\u00e9hension de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprendre la responsabilit\u00e9 civile en Tha\u00eflande pr\u00e9sente plusieurs avantages importants, notamment pour les expatri\u00e9s et les entreprises op\u00e9rant dans le pays. Voici cinq avantages cl\u00e9s, accompagn\u00e9s d&#039;une explication d\u00e9taill\u00e9e\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Pr\u00e9vention des erreurs juridiques<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comprendre la responsabilit\u00e9 civile en Tha\u00eflande permet aux particuliers et aux entreprises d&#039;\u00e9viter les actions susceptibles d&#039;entra\u00eener des litiges. La connaissance des limites des obligations et des responsabilit\u00e9s pr\u00e9vues par le droit tha\u00eflandais permet de pr\u00e9venir des erreurs juridiques co\u00fbteuses et d&#039;\u00e9ventuels proc\u00e8s. Cette connaissance est particuli\u00e8rement importante dans des domaines tels que les transactions immobili\u00e8res, o\u00f9 les subtilit\u00e9s du droit tha\u00eflandais peuvent avoir une incidence consid\u00e9rable sur la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 et le succ\u00e8s de ces op\u00e9rations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Pouvoir de n\u00e9gociation accru<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une solide compr\u00e9hension du droit de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile en Tha\u00eflande vous permettra de n\u00e9gocier des contrats et de r\u00e9soudre les litiges avec plus d&#039;assurance et d&#039;efficacit\u00e9. Cette connaissance vous donnera les moyens d&#039;exposer clairement vos droits et obligations, renfor\u00e7ant ainsi votre position lors de n\u00e9gociations personnelles et professionnelles. Vous pourrez ainsi d\u00e9fendre des conditions qui minimisent votre responsabilit\u00e9 et prot\u00e8gent vos int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Am\u00e9lioration de la gestion des risques<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By understanding the scope and implications of civil liability in Thailand, individuals and businesses can better manage risks associated with their activities. This awareness allows for the implementation of more effective strategies to mitigate risks, such as obtaining appropriate insurance, drafting clearer contracts, and conducting thorough <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/due-diligence\/\">v\u00e9rification pr\u00e9alable<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Favoriser la confiance et la conformit\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La connaissance du droit de la responsabilit\u00e9 civile contribue \u00e0 instaurer une culture de conformit\u00e9 et de confiance. Lorsque les parties prenantes constatent votre expertise et votre respect des lois locales, votre cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9 et votre fiabilit\u00e9 s&#039;en trouvent renforc\u00e9es. Pour les entreprises, cela peut am\u00e9liorer les relations avec les partenaires, les clients et les organismes de r\u00e9glementation\u00a0; pour les particuliers, cela consolide les relations personnelles et professionnelles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"facilitating-dispute-resolution\"><strong>Faciliter le r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A clear understanding of civil liability in Thailand is invaluable when disputes arise. It equips you with the necessary tools to seek amicable solutions and understand when to compromise and when to stand firm. Additionally, it aids in navigating the judicial or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/arbitration\/\">arbitrage<\/a> processes more effectively should disputes escalate to formal proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-legislation-is-classified-into-two-primary-categories\">La l\u00e9gislation est class\u00e9e en deux cat\u00e9gories principales<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The initial classification involves culpability concerning <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/tort\/\">actes illicites<\/a> within delictual or quasi-delictual scenarios; for instance, a scenario where a child hurls a rock through a window. These are old civil law classifications. Some new vocabulary use more a \u201ccontractual fault\u201d and a \u201cnon-contractual fault\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Par la suite, les responsabilit\u00e9s contractuelles sont examin\u00e9es, notamment les situations de manquement aux obligations contractuelles, que l&#039;accord soit oral ou \u00e9crit. \u00c0 titre d&#039;exemple, on peut signer un contrat d&#039;achat d&#039;un v\u00e9hicule neuf et n&#039;en recevoir qu&#039;un d&#039;occasion, voire aucun.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In addressing the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/damages\/\">dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/a> done, these can span physical injuries (e.g., an injury with or without lasting disabilities), material losses (e.g., damage to property such as a broken window), and non-financial loss. Non-financial loss is recoverable for injury to body or health and for loss of liberty (Civil and Commercial Code section 446), and a false statement that damages someone&#8217;s reputation or livelihood gives its own claim (section 423); mere inconvenience is not a head of damages. The court sets the compensation according to the circumstances and the gravity of the wrong (section 438). Thai civil law does not award punitive damages as a general rule. They are available only where a statute provides for them, for example against a business that deliberately took unfair advantage of a consumer or was grossly negligent (Consumer Case Procedure Act B.E. 2551, section 42), or against a maker or seller who knew a product was unsafe, up to twice the actual damages (Product Liability Act B.E. 2551, section 11).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"civil-liability-in-thailand-can-arise-from-various-situations-such-as\">La responsabilit\u00e9 civile en Tha\u00eflande peut d\u00e9couler de diverses situations, telles que\u00a0:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>d\u00e9lits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Wrongful acts leading to injury or damage (e.g., negligence or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/defamation\/\">diffamation<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rupture de contrat<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Manquement aux obligations contractuelles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Responsabilit\u00e9 du fait des produits<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les fabricants ou les vendeurs peuvent \u00eatre tenus responsables des produits d\u00e9fectueux ayant caus\u00e9 un pr\u00e9judice. Cela peut impliquer <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/consumer-law-in-thailand\/\">Droit de la consommation en Tha\u00eflande.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans les cas o\u00f9 une personne est jug\u00e9e responsable d&#039;un pr\u00e9judice, les tribunaux ont le pouvoir d&#039;ordonner \u00e0 la partie responsable de r\u00e9parer les dommages ou de verser une compensation financi\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, lorsque la gravit\u00e9 de l&#039;infraction et l&#039;ampleur des dommages sont importantes, l&#039;intervention du tribunal est n\u00e9cessaire pour garantir des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats pour le pr\u00e9judice subi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/class-action-in-thailand\/\">class action<\/a> in Thailand is a legal procedure that allows a group of individuals with common interests and grievances to file a lawsuit collectively against a defendant. The procedure is in sections 222\/1 onward of the Civil Procedure Code, and a case proceeds as a class action only once the court has allowed it to. It enables plaintiffs to put together their claims, typically in cases involving consumer rights, environmental damage, or large-scale corporate misconduct. The court\u2019s decision applies to all members of the class, ensuring a uniform resolution and potentially significant compensation or remedies for widespread harm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sending-a-notice-letter-before-court-proceedings-in-civil-law-in-thailand-is-normal\">L&#039;envoi d&#039;une lettre de mise en demeure avant une proc\u00e9dure judiciaire en droit civil en Tha\u00eflande est une pratique courante.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La proc\u00e9dure judiciaire d\u00e9bute g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement par une mise en demeure. Celle-ci expose l&#039;infraction et le pr\u00e9judice subi, tout en fixant un d\u00e9lai pr\u00e9cis pour obtenir r\u00e9paration. Il s&#039;agit d&#039;une lettre envoy\u00e9e par un avocat \u00e0 la partie adverse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Si la partie fautive ne r\u00e9pond pas ad\u00e9quatement aux griefs soulev\u00e9s dans la notification, le recours aux tribunaux devient imp\u00e9ratif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Thailand, a plaintiff pays a court filing fee when the claim is filed (Civil Procedure Code section 149). It is a fee, not a deposit. For a money claim it is calculated on the amount claimed under Table 1 annexed to the Code, generally 2%, with a ceiling; on a claim of 1 million baht that is 20,000 baht. The losing party is ultimately liable for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/court-fees\/\">frais de justice<\/a> and costs, although the court has discretion to apportion them (section 161), so a successful plaintiff can recover the fee from the defendant. When a case ends by settlement or withdrawal, the court may order all or part of the fee refunded (section 151); there is no fixed percentage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coj.go.th\/th\/content\/page\/index\/id\/91994\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Tribunaux de justice en Tha\u00eflande<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last reviewed: 25 September 2026. Read in Thai against the Civil and Commercial Code, sections 420, 423, 438 and 446; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"civil liability","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"Civil liability in Thailand: how wrongful acts and contract breaches differ, what a claimant must show, the notice letter step, and how damages work.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Civil Liability","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-299","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/299","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=299"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/299\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8471,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/299\/revisions\/8471"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=299"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}