{"id":6583,"date":"2026-09-05T19:09:05","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T12:09:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/void-and-voidable\/"},"modified":"2026-09-17T22:56:31","modified_gmt":"2026-09-17T15:56:31","slug":"void-and-voidable","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/void-and-voidable\/","title":{"rendered":"Actes juridiques nuls et annulables (articles 150 \u00e0 181)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>A <strong>vide<\/strong> juristic act (\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30, <em>mokha<\/em>, parfois <em>moghah<\/em>) is one the law treats as never having existed, while a <strong>annulable<\/strong> act (\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e35\u0e22\u0e30, <em>mokhiya<\/em>) is valid until the protected party cancels it, and becomes fully valid if that party ratifies it. The distinction runs through Sections 150 to 181 of the Civil and Commercial Code and decides whether a contract or a land transaction can be rescued or is beyond saving. For foreigners it matters most in nominee structures, contracts signed under pressure and deals done without the right form.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#what-makes-an-act-void-or-voidable\">Qu'est-ce qui rend un acte nul ou annulable<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#where-a-foreigner-meets-the-distinction-in-practice\">L\u00e0 o\u00f9 un \u00e9tranger fait l'exp\u00e9rience de la distinction en pratique<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#void-voidable-and-unenforceable-compared\">Comparaison entre nul, annulable et inex\u00e9cutable<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Foire aux questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-makes-an-act-void-or-voidable\">Qu'est-ce qui rend un acte nul ou annulable<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Void.<\/strong> A juristic act is void when its object is prohibited by law, impossible, or contrary to public order or good morals (Section 150); when it lacks a form the law requires (Section 152), for example a sale of land not registered at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/land-office\/\">Bureau foncier<\/a>; or when it is a sham declaration made with the other party&#8217;s connivance (Section 155). A void act cannot be ratified (Section 172), anyone with an interest may rely on its nullity at any time, and money paid under it is recovered under the rules on undue enrichment. The same logic governs family status: a marriage registered while an earlier marriage subsists is void under Section 1495, and Section 1497 lets any interested person, including an heir whose share would be reduced by a void spouse, ask the court to declare it so; see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-inheritance-guide-for-foreigners\/\">Guide des successions<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Voidable.<\/strong> An act is voidable when consent was defective: a mistake as to the qualities of a person or thing (Section 157), <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/fraud\/\">fraude<\/a> that induced the act (Section 159), or duress (Section 164). Acts by a minor without the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/guardian\/\">tuteur<\/a>&#8216;s consent (Section 21) are voidable too. Only the protected person, or their heirs or guardian, may avoid or ratify it (Sections 175 and 177). Avoidance is retroactive (Section 176). The right is lost one year after ratification became possible and in any case ten years after the act (Section 181).<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"where-a-foreigner-meets-the-distinction-in-practice\">L\u00e0 o\u00f9 un \u00e9tranger fait l'exp\u00e9rience de la distinction en pratique<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>The clearest example is land. An arrangement in which a Thai national holds land as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/nominee\/\">pr\u00eate-nom<\/a> for a foreigner breaches the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/land-code\/\">Code foncier<\/a> and is void under Section 150: the foreigner cannot enforce it, and the land can be ordered sold. A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/postnuptial-agreement\/\">contrat postnuptial<\/a> is the mirror image: valid, but voidable at the wish of either spouse under Section 1469, which is why it gives so little security.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Condominium buyers see Section 152: a promise to sell a unit is enforceable, but ownership passes only by registration. Anyone who signed under pressure, or on the strength of a false statement about title or foreign quota, has a voidable act and must act within the year: continuing to pay instalments or accepting benefits under the contract counts as ratification (Section 180).<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"void-voidable-and-unenforceable-compared\">Comparaison entre nul, annulable et inex\u00e9cutable<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Fonctionnalit\u00e9<\/th><th>Void (mokha)<\/th><th>Voidable (mokhiya)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Statut<\/td><td>Never took effect<\/td><td>Valid until avoided<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Who can raise it<\/td><td>Any interested person, and the court<\/td><td>The protected party only<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ratification<\/td><td>Impossible<\/td><td>Possible, expressly or by conduct<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>limite de temps<\/td><td>Aucun<\/td><td>1 year from possible ratification, 10 years from the act<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Typical case<\/td><td>Nominee land holding, unregistered land sale<\/td><td>Fraud, duress, mistake, minor&#8217;s contract<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>A third category is confused with both. A loan over 2,000 baht without written evidence is neither void nor voidable: the loan exists, but the lender cannot sue on it (Section 653). And a partly void act survives if the parties would have entered into the valid part alone (Section 173), which is how a lease whose term exceeds 30 years is cut back rather than struck out.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Foire aux questions<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre nul (void) et annulable (voidable) en droit tha\u00eflandais ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Un acte nul (mokha) est r\u00e9put\u00e9 n'avoir jamais exist\u00e9, ne peut pas \u00eatre ratifi\u00e9 et peut \u00eatre contest\u00e9 par n'importe qui \u00e0 tout moment. Un acte annulable (mokhiya) est valable jusqu'\u00e0 ce que la partie prot\u00e9g\u00e9e l'annule, peut \u00eatre ratifi\u00e9 et doit \u00eatre annul\u00e9 dans un d\u00e9lai d'un an \u00e0 compter de la possibilit\u00e9 de ratification et de dix ans \u00e0 compter de l'acte.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Un accord de pr\u00eate-nom pour un terrain est-il nul en Tha\u00eflande ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Oui. Un accord par lequel un Tha\u00eflandais d\u00e9tient des terres pour le compte d'un \u00e9tranger est contraire au Code foncier et nul en vertu de l'article 150 du Code civil et commercial. L'\u00e9tranger ne peut pas l'ex\u00e9cuter, et les autorit\u00e9s peuvent exiger la vente du terrain.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">How long do I have to cancel a contract signed under fraud or duress in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Un an \u00e0 compter du moment o\u00f9 la fraude ou la contrainte a cess\u00e9 et o\u00f9 la ratification est devenue possible, et jamais plus de dix ans \u00e0 compter de l'acte (article 181). Continuer \u00e0 ex\u00e9cuter le contrat apr\u00e8s avoir appris la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 peut valoir ratification, de sorte que l'avis d'annulation doit \u00eatre envoy\u00e9 promptement et par \u00e9crit.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Voir aussi\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/good-morals\/\">Bonnes m\u0153urs<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/nominee\/\">pr\u00eate-nom<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/postnuptial-agreement\/\">Postnuptial agreement (Section 1469)<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Code civil et commercial tha\u00eflandais<\/a> ET <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-legal-system-explained\/\">Le syst\u00e8me juridique tha\u00eflandais expliqu\u00e9<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A void juristic act (\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30, mokha, sometimes moghah) is one the law treats as never having existed, while a voidable [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":214,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"void voidable thai law","rank_math_title":"Void vs Voidable Acts in Thai Law Explained | ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Void and voidable under Thai law: a void act (mokha) never existed, a voidable act (mokhiya) stands until cancelled. Grounds, time limits and ratification.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-6583","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6583","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6583"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6583\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7614,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6583\/revisions\/7614"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6583"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}