{"id":6628,"date":"2026-09-05T19:12:45","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T12:12:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/shareholder\/"},"modified":"2026-09-05T19:21:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T12:21:24","slug":"shareholder","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/shareholder\/","title":{"rendered":"Actionnaire d'une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e en Tha\u00eflande"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>A <strong>actionnaire<\/strong> (\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19, <em>phu thue hun<\/em>, \u00e9galement <em>stockholder<\/em> ou <em>member<\/em>) is a person or company whose name is entered in the share register of a Thai company limited as the holder of one or more shares. Ownership of shares gives the right to vote at general meetings, to receive dividends and to share in the surplus on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/dissolution-liquidation\/\">liquidation<\/a>, and it limits liability to the amount still unpaid on the shares. For foreigners the word carries a second meaning, because the split between Thai and foreign shareholders decides whether the company is Thai or foreign under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/foreign-business-act\/\">Loi sur les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res<\/a> et le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/land-code\/\">Code foncier<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#what-the-civil-and-commercial-code-provides\">Ce que pr\u00e9voit le Code civil et commercial<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#foreign-shareholders-in-practice\">Les actionnaires \u00e9trangers en pratique<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#shareholder-nominee-and-director-are-not-the-same\">Actionnaire, pr\u00eate-nom et administrateur ne sont pas la m\u00eame chose<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Foire aux questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-the-civil-and-commercial-code-provides\">Ce que pr\u00e9voit le Code civil et commercial<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Formation and liability.<\/strong> Since the 2023 amendment to Section 1097 a company limited can be formed by 2 or more persons, each taking at least one share; the old minimum of 3 is gone. A shareholder&#8217;s liability is limited to the unpaid part of the share price, so once shares are fully paid the shareholder owes nothing more to creditors, whatever the company&#8217;s debts.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Rights.<\/strong> Each share carries one vote unless the articles create preference shares with different rights. Shareholders appoint and remove directors, approve the accounts and dividends, and pass special resolutions (a three-quarters majority) to amend the memorandum or articles, increase or reduce capital, merge or dissolve. Shares are transferred by a written instrument signed by transferor and transferee and witnessed, and the transfer binds the company only once entered in the register.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"foreign-shareholders-in-practice\">Les actionnaires \u00e9trangers en pratique<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>The 49% line.<\/strong> A company with less than half its capital in foreign hands is Thai under the Foreign Business Act and needs no licence for a restricted business. Under Section 97 of the Land Code the test for holding land is stricter: a company is foreign if foreigners hold more than 49% of the capital or make up more than half of the shareholders by number, so two foreigners and one Thai fail even at 49%.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Proving the Thai shareholders are real.<\/strong> Since DBD Order 2\/2569 took effect on 1 August 2026, the registrar requires each Thai shareholder in a mixed company to file bank statements for the 3 months before subscription, the receiving-account statement showing the money arriving, and an Investment Explanation Letter. A Thai shareholder whose money cannot be traced is treated as a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/nominee\/\">pr\u00eate-nom<\/a> and the registration is refused. The shareholder list, form Bor Or Jor 5, must be filed with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/dbd\/\">DBD<\/a> within 14 days of each annual general meeting.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shareholder-nominee-and-director-are-not-the-same\">Actionnaire, pr\u00eate-nom et administrateur ne sont pas la m\u00eame chose<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>A shareholder owns part of the company; a director runs it. A foreigner can be the sole director of a company in which they hold 49% of the shares, a lawful structure if the Thai 51% is genuinely invested and genuinely votes. A nominee is a shareholder in name only, and Section 36 of the Foreign Business Act punishes both the nominee and the foreigner behind them with up to 3 years&#8217; imprisonment, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/fine\/\">bien<\/a> of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both, plus 10,000 to 50,000 baht a day while it continues.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>The distinction turns on money and control, not on paper. Who paid for the shares, who takes the profit and who decides are the questions the DBD and the courts ask. Preference shares and weighted voting can protect a minority foreign investor, but they cannot turn a nominee into a shareholder.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Foire aux questions<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Un \u00e9tranger peut-il \u00eatre actionnaire d'une entreprise tha\u00eflandaise ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Oui, sans limite pour les entreprises ne figurant pas sur les listes de la loi sur les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res, et jusqu'\u00e0 49% pour les entreprises r\u00e9glement\u00e9es, \u00e0 moins que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ne d\u00e9tienne une licence d'entreprise \u00e9trang\u00e8re, une promotion BOI ou le statut de trait\u00e9 d'amiti\u00e9. Une entreprise qui poss\u00e9dera des terres doit \u00e9galement maintenir la proportion d'\u00e9trangers en dessous de la moiti\u00e9 des actionnaires en nombre.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Combien d'actionnaires une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e tha\u00eflandaise doit-elle avoir ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Two, since the 2023 amendment to Section 1097 of the Civil and Commercial Code. Each must subscribe for at least one share. A company that later drops below two shareholders can be dissolved by the court on a shareholder&#8217;s application.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Quelle est la responsabilit\u00e9 d'un actionnaire en Tha\u00eflande ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>It is limited to the amount unpaid on the shares. Once the shares are fully paid the shareholder is not liable for the company&#8217;s debts. A shareholder who is also a director, or who acts as a nominee for a foreigner, can be liable in that other capacity.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Voir aussi\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/company-limited\/\">Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/director\/\">Directeur<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/nominee\/\">pr\u00eate-nom<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/registered-capital\/\">Capital social<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-nominee-company-crackdown-2026\/\">la r\u00e9pression des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s \u00e9crans de 2026<\/a> ET <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/register-a-company-in-thailand\/\">comment enregistrer une entreprise en Tha\u00eflande<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A shareholder (\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19, phu thue hun, also stockholder or member) is a person or company whose name is entered in [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":214,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"shareholder thailand","rank_math_title":"Shareholder Thailand: Rights and 49% Limit | ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Shareholder Thailand: what a shareholder in a Thai company limited owns, votes on and is liable for, the 49% foreign limit and the 2026 nominee checks.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-6628","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6628"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6688,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6628\/revisions\/6688"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}