{"id":88,"date":"2026-02-28T01:00:34","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T18:00:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/does-thailand-have-an-extradition-treaty\/"},"modified":"2026-11-03T22:37:34","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T15:37:34","slug":"does-thailand-have-an-extradition-treaty","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/does-thailand-have-an-extradition-treaty\/","title":{"rendered":"Extradition de Tha\u00eflande : Guide juridique relatif aux trait\u00e9s et proc\u00e9dures (\u00c9tats-Unis)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are living in Thailand and concerned about a U.S. warrant, federal indictment, or Interpol Red Notice, one question matters immediately:<strong> Does Thailand have an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/extradition\/\">extradition<\/a> treaty with the United States?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. Thailand and the United States have a binding extradition treaty, signed on December 14, 1983, and in force since May 17, 1991. It replaced the earlier treaty of 1922 and remains the only extradition treaty between the two countries; no supplementary or amending extradition treaty has been concluded since. Extradition requests are processed under Thailand\u2019s\u00a0<strong>Extradition Act B.E. 2551 (2008)<\/strong>.\u00a0It must be reviewed by the Thai Criminal Court before surrender is authorized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"Does Thailand Have an Extradition Treaty with US?\" class=\"wp-image-31147 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/does-thailand-have-an-extradition-treaty-with-usa.webp\" style=\"width:800px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Extradition is not automatic. It is a judicial process with constitutional protections, and it can be challenged. But time is critical: once arrested on an extradition warrant, your options narrow significantly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you are facing criminal exposure with a U.S. dimension, review our\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">Criminal Defense Services in Thailand<\/a>.\u00a0We regularly assist clients in cases involving\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/theft\/\">theft<\/a> and property offenses,\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/defamation-laws-in-thailand-criminal-charges\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">defamation charges<\/a>, drug allegations, financial crimes, and cross-border investigations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#legal-basis-of-the-u-s-thailand-extradition-treaty\">Legal Basis of the U.S., Thailand Extradition Treaty<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-crimes-are-extraditable-between-thailand-and-the-u-s\">What Crimes Are Extraditable Between Thailand and the U.S.?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#does-thailand-extradite-its-own-citizens\">Does Thailand Extradite Its Own Citizens?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-the-extradition-process-works-in-thailand-step-by-step\">How the Extradition Process Works in Thailand, Step by Step<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#notable-extradition-cases-involving-thailand\">Notable Extradition Cases Involving Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#practical-timeline-how-long-does-extradition-take\">Practical Timeline, How Long Does Extradition Take?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#immigration-consequences-during-extradition-proceedings\">Immigration Consequences During Extradition Proceedings<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-thailand-compares-to-other-countries-on-extradition\">How Thailand Compares to Other Countries on Extradition<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions-extradition-between-thailand-and-the-u-s\">Frequently Asked Questions, Extradition Between Thailand and the U.S.<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legal-basis-of-the-u-s-thailand-extradition-treaty\">Legal Basis of the U.S., Thailand Extradition Treaty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The extradition relationship between the United States and the Kingdom of Thailand rests on three legal instruments:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Treaty Relating to Extradition Between the United States and Thailand (1983)<\/strong>, the primary bilateral agreement, ratified by both governments.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Treaty on Mutual Assistance in Criminal Matters (1986)<\/strong>, signed at Bangkok on 19 March 1986 and in force since 10 June 1993, which is how evidence is exchanged between the two countries. It is not itself an extradition instrument, but an extradition request is normally built on evidence obtained under it.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Thai Extradition Act B.E. 2551 (2008)<\/strong>, Thailand\u2019s domestic legislation governing how all extradition requests are processed, regardless of the requesting country.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the treaty, extradition applies to\u00a0<strong>criminal offenses punishable in both countries by imprisonment for a period of more than one year<\/strong>, or by any greater punishment. This is Article 2(1) of the 1983 treaty, and it is the principle of dual criminality, the core legal test that determines whether an extradition request can proceed. Thailand\u2019s own Extradition Act B.E. 2551 sets a slightly wider domestic threshold in section 7, of imprisonment of one year or more, so an offence carrying exactly one year can satisfy the Act while falling outside the treaty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand also maintains extradition treaties with over 15 other countries, including the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, China, and several ASEAN nations. For a full overview of Thailand\u2019s criminal law framework, see our guide to\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">criminal cases in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 87<\/h3><p>An arrested person cannot be held longer than necessary. If not released, they must be taken to court within 48 hours so the police or prosecutor can ask for a detention warrant. The court can only order remand for limited, capped periods that grow with the seriousness of the offense, and the accused may have a lawyer at the hearing. The 48 hour period runs from arrival at the inquiry official&#039;s office under Section 83, and it does not apply where there is force majeure or other unavoidable necessity.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">It is prohibited to keep the arrested person in custody beyond what is necessary according to the circumstances of the case.\n In the case of a petty offence, the arrested person may be kept in custody only for such time as is needed to take his statement and to ascertain who he is and where his residence is.\n Where the arrested person is not released provisionally and there is a necessity for the purpose of the investigation or the prosecution of the case, the arrested person shall be taken to the court within forty-eight hours from the time the arrested person was brought to the office of the inquiry official under section 83, except where there is force majeure or another unavoidable necessity, by having the inquiry official or the public prosecutor file an application with the court for a warrant to detain the accused. The court shall ask the accused whether he has any objection, and the court may summon the inquiry official or the public prosecutor to explain the necessity, or may summon evidence for its consideration.\n In the case of a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of imprisonment not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding five hundred baht, or both, the court has the power to order detention only once, for a period not exceeding seven days.\n In the case of a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of imprisonment exceeding six months but less than ten years, or a fine exceeding five hundred baht, or both, the court has the power to order detention several consecutive times, but each time must not exceed twelve days and all together must not exceed forty-eight days.\n In the case of a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of imprisonment of ten years or more, whether or not there is also a fine, the court has the power to order detention several consecutive times, but each time must not exceed twelve days and all together must not exceed eighty-four days.\n In the case under paragraph six, when the court has ordered detention for the full forty-eight days, if the public prosecutor or the inquiry official files an application with the court to detain further by claiming a necessity, the court may order further detention only when the public prosecutor or the inquiry official has shown the necessity and has brought evidence for the court to examine until the court is satisfied.\n In the examination under paragraph three and paragraph seven, the accused has the right to appoint a lawyer to state objections and to question witnesses. If the accused has no lawyer because there has not yet been compliance with section 134\/1 and the accused so requests, the court shall appoint a lawyer for him, and that lawyer has the right to receive a fee and expenses as prescribed in section 134\/1 paragraph three, mutatis mutandis.\n If the inquiry official must conduct the investigation in another locality outside the jurisdiction of the court that ordered the detention of the accused, the inquiry official may file an application to transfer the detention to the court in the locality where the investigation must be conducted; and when the court that ordered the detention deems it appropriate, it shall order the transfer.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 7\/1<\/h3><p>Section 7\/1 gives anyone arrested or held in custody the right to have a relative or trusted person told of the arrest and where they are being held. They may also meet a lawyer privately, have a lawyer or trusted person sit in during questioning, receive visits, and get prompt medical care. The officer taking custody must explain these rights immediately.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An arrested person or an alleged offender who is held in custody or detained has the right to inform, or to have the official inform, a relative or a person whom the arrested person or alleged offender trusts, of the arrest and the place of custody at the first opportunity, and the arrested person or alleged offender shall also have the following rights: (1) to meet and consult privately with the person who is to be his counsel; (2) to have his counsel or a person he trusts present during his interrogation at the inquiry stage; (3) to receive visits from, or to communicate with, relatives as appropriate; (4) to receive prompt medical treatment when ill. The administrative or police official who takes custody of the arrested person or alleged offender has the duty to inform that person, at the first opportunity, of the rights under paragraph one.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-7-1\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 37 <small>Revenue Code<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A person who commits any of the following acts shall be liable to imprisonment for a term of 3 months to 7 years and a fine of 2,000 to 200,000 baht: (1) intentionally notifying false information, giving a false statement, answering questions with false statements, or producing false evidence, in order to evade payment of tax or to claim a tax refund under this Title; or (2) by falsehood, fraud or artifice, or by any other similar means, evading or attempting to evade payment of tax or claiming a tax refund under this Title.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UlRsZkRZZGI0RkVYeUh3ZEFyaS9tUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 341<\/h3><p>This section defines cheating and fraud: dishonestly deceiving another by a false statement or by concealing facts that should be disclosed, and thereby obtaining property or causing a document of right to be executed, revoked or destroyed. The penalty is imprisonment up to three years, or a fine up to sixty thousand baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever dishonestly deceives another person by asserting a false statement, or by concealing a fact which should be disclosed, and by that deception obtains property from the person deceived or from a third person, or causes the person deceived or a third person to execute, revoke or destroy a document of right, commits the offence of cheating and fraud and shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine not exceeding sixty thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-341\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 87<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p 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\u0e46 \u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\n\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\n\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e08\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e08\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e14\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e31\u0e01\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e53\u0e54\/\u0e51 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\n\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e53\u0e54\/\u0e51\n\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\n\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 7\/1<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\n(\u0e51) \u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\n(\u0e52)\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e33\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\n(\u0e53) \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e22\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\n(\u0e54)\n\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e23\u0e47\u0e27\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e33\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e19\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-7-1\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 37 <small>\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e23\u0e31\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\n(\u0e51) \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e08\u0e15\u0e19\u0e32\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e16\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\n(\u0e52) \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e09\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e01\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UlRsZkRZZGI0RkVYeUh3ZEFyaS9tUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 341<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e2b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e17\u0e33 \u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e33\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e09\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e01\u0e07 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-341\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation open><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 87<\/h3><p>Non lib\u00e9r\u00e9, le suspect est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au tribunal sous 48 heures d\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e chez l&#039;enqu\u00eateur, sauf force majeure. D\u00e9tention maximale : 7 jours, une fois, peine jusqu&#039;\u00e0 6 mois ou 500 bahts ; 12 jours renouvelables, 48 au total, sous 10 ans ; 84 d\u00e8s 10 ans, n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 prouv\u00e9e.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 7\/1<\/h3><p>La personne arr\u00eat\u00e9e ou d\u00e9tenue a le droit d&#039;informer elle-m\u00eame, ou par l&#039;interm\u00e9diaire de l&#039;agent, un proche ou une personne de confiance de son arrestation et du lieu de d\u00e9tention, \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re occasion ; de s&#039;entretenir en priv\u00e9 avec un avocat ; d&#039;avoir son avocat ou une personne de confiance \u00e0 l&#039;audition d&#039;enqu\u00eate ; de recevoir des visites raisonnables de sa famille ; et de recevoir rapidement des soins si elle est malade. L&#039;agent administratif ou de police qui la re\u00e7oit doit l&#039;informer de ces droits d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-7-1\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 37 <small>Revenue Code<\/small><\/h3><p>Les fausses d\u00e9clarations ou preuves intentionnelles et la fraude visant \u00e0 \u00e9luder l&#039;imp\u00f4t ou obtenir un remboursement sont punies de trois mois \u00e0 sept ans d&#039;emprisonnement et de 2 000 \u00e0 200 000 bahts d&#039;amende.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UlRsZkRZZGI0RkVYeUh3ZEFyaS9tUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 341<\/h3><p>Quiconque, frauduleusement, trompe autrui en affirmant un fait mensonger ou en dissimulant un fait vrai qui aurait d\u00fb \u00eatre r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9, et, au moyen de cette tromperie, obtient un bien de la personne tromp\u00e9e ou d&#039;un tiers, ou am\u00e8ne la personne tromp\u00e9e ou un tiers \u00e0 \u00e9tablir, r\u00e9voquer ou d\u00e9truire un titre, commet l&#039;infraction d&#039;escroquerie et est puni d&#039;un emprisonnement de trois ans au plus, d&#039;une amende de soixante mille bahts au plus, ou de ces deux peines.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-341\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>Sources<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UlRsZkRZZGI0RkVYeUh3ZEFyaS9tUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Revenue Code<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 2 novembre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code p\u00e9nal, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-crimes-are-extraditable-between-thailand-and-the-u-s\">What Crimes Are Extraditable Between Thailand and the U.S.?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-principle-of-dual-criminality\">The Principle of Dual Criminality<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For extradition to proceed, the alleged conduct\u00a0<strong>must constitute a criminal offense in both Thailand and the United States<\/strong>. The Thai Criminal Court examines the substance of the act, not merely the title or classification of the offense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This means a U.S. charge must have a corresponding offense under Thai law. If no Thai equivalent exists, extradition cannot be ordered, regardless of the severity of the U.S. charge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"commonly-extraditable-offenses\">Commonly Extraditable Offenses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Offense Category<\/th><th>U.S. Law<\/th><th>Thai Law<\/th><th>Notes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Drug Trafficking<\/td><td>21 U.S.C. \u00a7 841<\/td><td>Narcotics Code B.E. 2564<\/td><td>Thailand-U.S. cooperation is very active in drug cases<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Wire Fraud \/ Financial Crimes<\/td><td>18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1343<\/td><td>Criminal Code Sec. 341-344 (fraud\/cheating)<\/td><td>Includes bank fraud, securities fraud<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Tax Fraud (criminal)<\/td><td>26 U.S.C. \u00a7 7201<\/td><td>Revenue Code, Sec. 37<\/td><td>Must be criminal fraud, not mere non-payment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cybercrime<\/td><td>18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1030<\/td><td>Computer Crime Act B.E. 2550, as amended by the Act (No. 2) B.E. 2560<\/td><td>Growing area of bilateral cooperation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Child Exploitation<\/td><td>18 U.S.C. \u00a7 2251<\/td><td>Criminal Code Sec. 277-287<\/td><td>High-priority enforcement between both countries<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Human Trafficking<\/td><td>18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1589<\/td><td>Anti-Trafficking Act B.E. 2551<\/td><td>Active bilateral enforcement<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Money Laundering<\/td><td>18 U.S.C. \u00a7 1956<\/td><td>Anti-Money Laundering Act B.E. 2542<\/td><td>AMLO cooperation with FinCEN<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Serious Violent Felonies<\/td><td>Various<\/td><td>Criminal Code (assault, homicide)<\/td><td>Must carry more than one year&#8217;s imprisonment in both countries<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-does-not-qualify-for-extradition\">What Does NOT Qualify for Extradition<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Civil disputes, unpaid private debts, contractual disagreements, and ordinary tax non-payment\u00a0<strong>do not qualify<\/strong>\u00a0for extradition. The treaty applies exclusively to criminal offenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, be aware that cases beginning as domestic matters, such as\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/theft-and-robbery-under-thai-law\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">theft or misappropriation<\/a>\u00a0or\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/defamation-laws-in-thailand-criminal-charges\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">criminal defamation proceedings<\/a>, can acquire an international dimension if parallel charges exist in the United States and dual criminality is satisfied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"does-thailand-extradite-its-own-citizens\">Does Thailand Extradite Its Own Citizens?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u00a0<strong>generally does not extradite Thai nationals<\/strong>, but this is a statutory rule with defined exceptions rather than a blanket bar. Under <strong>section 12 of the Extradition Act B.E. 2551<\/strong>, a Thai national may be extradited in three cases: where an extradition treaty between Thailand and the requesting country so provides, where the person consents to be extradited, or where it is done under reciprocity arrangements between Thailand and the requesting country. The United States treaty is such a treaty: <strong>Article 8(1)<\/strong> provides that neither country is bound to extradite its own nationals, and that where Thailand is the requested state the competent authority may extradite them if not prevented from doing so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, this protection is not absolute:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>If extradition of a Thai citizen is refused, the requested state must, at the request of the other country, submit the case to its own prosecutors. That duty is in <strong>Article 8(2)<\/strong> of the treaty itself, not only in the Extradition Act.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Foreign nationals<\/strong>\u00a0residing in Thailand, including U.S. citizens, Canadians, Europeans, and other expats, remain\u00a0<strong>fully subject to extradition<\/strong>\u00a0if treaty conditions are satisfied.<\/li>\n\n<li>Dual Thai-U.S. citizens occupy a legally complex position that requires case-specific analysis.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-the-extradition-process-works-in-thailand-step-by-step\">How the Extradition Process Works in Thailand, Step by Step<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Extradition is both a\u00a0<strong>judicial and diplomatic<\/strong>\u00a0process. Below is how it unfolds in practice, from initial arrest through final surrender.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-1-provisional-arrest\">Step 1, Provisional Arrest<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The United States requests provisional arrest through diplomatic channels (U.S. Embassy Bangkok \u2192 Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs) or via\u00a0<strong>Interpol Red Notice<\/strong>. The Royal Thai Police execute the arrest, which can occur at a residence, hotel, office, or airport.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The police must hand the arrested person to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/public-prosecutor\/\">public prosecutor<\/a> without delay, so that a court can order detention while the formal request is awaited (section 16 of the Extradition Act). Where the Act is silent the Criminal Procedure Code applies (section 18), and under its section 87 an arrested person must be brought before a court within 48 hours. If the court has not received the extradition petition within 60 days of the arrest, or within a longer period it sets of no more than 90 days, the person must be released (section 16), and the United States cannot then seek a second provisional arrest on the same grounds, although it can still make a formal request.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-2-formal-extradition-request\">Step 2, Formal Extradition Request<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Within the treaty deadline (typically\u00a0<strong>60 days<\/strong>\u00a0from provisional arrest), the United States must submit a complete extradition package through the U.S. Embassy to the Thai Ministry of Foreign Affairs. This package includes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The charging document or indictment<\/li>\n\n<li>Evidence summary supporting probable cause<\/li>\n\n<li>Identity verification (fingerprints, photographs)<\/li>\n\n<li>Certified copies of applicable U.S. statutes<\/li>\n\n<li>Treaty certification<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the formal request is not submitted within the deadline, the provisionally arrested person\u00a0<strong>must be released<\/strong>, though this does not prevent a future request.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-3-review-by-the-thai-attorney-general\">Step 3, Review by the Thai Attorney General<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The\u00a0<strong>Office of the Attorney General (OAG)<\/strong>\u00a0reviews the request for legal sufficiency. If the OAG determines the requirements are met, it files the case with the Thai Criminal Court. The OAG can also reject insufficient requests.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-4-criminal-court-hearing\">Step 4, Criminal Court Hearing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the core judicial phase. The Thai Criminal Court\u00a0<strong>does not determine guilt or innocence<\/strong>. Section 19 of the Extradition Act B.E. 2551 has it decide three things: that the person arrested is the person requested and is not Thai (or is a Thai national who may be extradited under section 12), that there is a prima facie case as if the offence had been committed in Thailand, and that the offence is extraditable and is not political or purely military. The arguments usually run as follows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dual criminality<\/strong>, is the conduct criminal in both countries?<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Sufficiency of evidence<\/strong>, does the evidence meet extradition standards (lower than trial standard)?<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Treaty compliance<\/strong>, does the request conform to treaty requirements?<\/li>\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/prescription\/\">Statute of limitations<\/a><\/strong>, has the case become time-barred, or been finally tried, pardoned or amnestied, under the requesting country&#8217;s law? Section 10 then forbids extradition.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Political offense exception<\/strong>, is the charge political in nature?<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Specialty principle<\/strong>, will the requesting country limit prosecution to the extradited charges? This comes from the treaty and the requesting government&#8217;s undertaking rather than from the section 19 findings.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The defendant has the right to legal representation, to present evidence, and to challenge the request on any of these grounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the court finds the requirements satisfied, it\u00a0<strong>orders extradition<\/strong>. If not, the request is denied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-5-appeal\">Step 5, Appeal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Either the public prosecutor or the person sought may appeal the first instance order to the\u00a0<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-of-appeal\/\">Court of Appeal<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0within <strong>30 days<\/strong> of the day the order is read, under section 21 of the Extradition Act B.E. 2551. <strong>The judgment of the Court of Appeal is final.<\/strong> There is no further appeal to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court (Dika Court)<\/a> in extradition proceedings, and the Court of Appeal rules only on the grounds listed in section 19, namely whether the first instance court had sufficient evidence for its order. An appeal can still add many months to the timeline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This appeal is a statutory right under the Extradition Act, not a matter of diplomatic discretion, but it is confined to the section 19 grounds and to the 30 day limit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"step-6-executive-decision-cabinet-approval\">Step 6, Executive Decision (Cabinet Approval)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even after court approval, the\u00a0<strong>Thai Cabinet<\/strong>\u00a0retains final discretion. The executive branch can refuse surrender on humanitarian or political grounds, though this is rare in U.S. cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only after Cabinet approval is the individual physically surrendered to U.S. Marshals or designated U.S. authorities. Under section 22 of the Extradition Act, once the court order is final and the Thai government has decided to surrender, the handover must be completed within 90 days of the final order, unless the court extends that period on the public prosecutor&#8217;s application. Under section 23, if the requesting country fails without good reason to take custody in time, a later request for the same offence must be refused.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"notable-extradition-cases-involving-thailand\">Notable Extradition Cases Involving Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding how Thailand\u2019s courts have handled real extradition cases helps illustrate the principles above. These cases demonstrate that extradition from Thailand is not merely theoretical, it is actively enforced, but also contested through the courts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"viktor-bout-the-merchant-of-death-2008-2010\">Viktor Bout, The \u201cMerchant of Death\u201d (2008-2010)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Viktor Bout, a Russian arms dealer, was arrested in Bangkok in 2008 during a sting operation led by U.S. DEA agents. His case became a landmark in Thai extradition law and drew intense international attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The\u00a0<strong>Bangkok Criminal Court initially denied extradition in August 2009<\/strong>, ruling that the underlying charges (conspiracy to sell arms to the Colombian FARC) were political in nature, triggering the political offense exception under the treaty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, the\u00a0<strong>Thai Court of Appeal reversed the decision on August 20, 2010<\/strong>, ruling that the charges were criminal, not political, in nature. The Court of Appeal held that conspiracy to sell weapons and support terrorism satisfied dual criminality requirements. Following Cabinet approval, Bout was surrendered to U.S. Marshals on November 16, 2010. He was subsequently convicted in a Manhattan federal court and sentenced to 25 years\u2019 imprisonment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key legal takeaway:<\/strong>\u00a0The political offense exception is available as a defense, but Thai appellate courts apply a narrow interpretation. Charges involving violence, arms trafficking, or terrorism are unlikely to qualify as \u201cpolitical\u201d offenses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rakesh-saxena-the-longest-extradition-battle-1996-2009\">Rakesh Saxena, The Longest Extradition Battle (1996-2009)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rakesh Saxena, a financial advisor accused of embezzlement from the Bangkok Bank of Commerce during Thailand\u2019s 1997 financial crisis, fought extradition for 13 years from Canada. He was eventually extradited\u00a0<em>to<\/em>\u00a0Thailand in October 2009 and convicted in 2012 by the Bangkok South Criminal Court on five counts of securities <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fraud\/\">fraud<\/a>, receiving a 10-year sentence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key legal takeaway:<\/strong>\u00a0Thailand does not only surrender individuals, it also requests extradition from other countries. Extradition proceedings can extend over many years through multiple levels of appeal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recent-u-s-thailand-cooperation-2024-2025\">Recent U.S., Thailand Cooperation (2024-2025)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The U.S. Department of Justice confirmed in 2025 that Thailand remains an active partner in extradition. Recent cases include the extradition of alleged transnational drug trafficking leader Tien Vy Tai Truong on methamphetamine export conspiracy charges. In November 2025, Russian national Denis Obrezko was arrested in Phuket in a joint FBI-Thai police operation on cybercrime charges connected to the Void Blizzard hacking group, with extradition proceedings to the U.S. underway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key legal takeaway:<\/strong>\u00a0Thailand-U.S. extradition cooperation is increasing, particularly in drug trafficking, cybercrime, and financial fraud cases. The DEA, FBI, and Homeland Security Investigations all maintain a permanent presence in Bangkok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-timeline-how-long-does-extradition-take\">Practical Timeline, How Long Does Extradition Take?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Scenario<\/th><th>Estimated Timeline<\/th><th>Notes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Uncontested (waived appeal)<\/td><td>3-6 months<\/td><td>Rare, most defendants contest<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Standard contested case<\/td><td>6-18 months<\/td><td>One round of appeals<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fully contested, through the Court of Appeal<\/td><td>1-3 years<\/td><td>The Court of Appeal is final (section 21); the rest is evidence and government steps (e.g., Viktor Bout: over two years)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Provisional arrest \u2192 release (no formal request)<\/td><td>Up to 60 days<\/td><td>If U.S. fails to submit formal package<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Detention during proceedings is the norm.<\/strong>\u00a0Most extradition detainees are held in\u00a0<strong>Bangkok Remand Prison<\/strong>\u00a0(Bangkok Special Prison) or other central detention facilities. For more details, see our guide on\u00a0<a href=\"\/bail-in-thailand\/\">bail in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/bail\/\">Bail<\/a> in extradition cases is\u00a0<strong>legally possible but rarely granted<\/strong>. Thai courts typically consider extradition defendants to present a high flight risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"immigration-consequences-during-extradition-proceedings\">Immigration Consequences During Extradition Proceedings<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If arrested on an international warrant in Thailand, expect the following immigration consequences:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Visa cancellation<\/strong>, your visa or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/extension-of-stay\/\">extension of stay<\/a> is likely to be revoked.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/deportation\/\">Deportation<\/a> proceedings<\/strong>, if extradition is ultimately denied, you may face separate deportation proceedings under the Immigration Act.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/blacklist\/\">Blacklisting<\/a><\/strong>, depending on the outcome, you may be placed on Thailand\u2019s immigration blacklist, preventing future entry.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a detailed explanation of these processes, see our guide on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-visa-overstay-criminal-blacklists\/\">deportation and blacklisting in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-thailand-compares-to-other-countries-on-extradition\">How Thailand Compares to Other Countries on Extradition<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many people ask:\u00a0<strong>can you be extradited from Thailand?<\/strong>\u00a0The answer is yes, and Thailand is more cooperative with the United States than many assume.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Country<\/th><th>Treaty with U.S.?<\/th><th>Extradites Own Citizens?<\/th><th>Cooperation Level<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Thailand<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Yes (1983, in force 1991)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>No (generally)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Active, especially drug, fraud, cybercrime<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Cambodia<\/td><td>No formal treaty<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><td>Limited, case-by-case<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Vietnam<\/td><td>No formal treaty<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><td>Limited cooperation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>UAE<\/td><td>Yes (2022)<\/td><td>Varies<\/td><td>Increasing cooperation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Philippines<\/td><td>Yes (1994)<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Active cooperation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Indonesia<\/td><td>No formal treaty<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><td>Case-by-case<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Laos<\/td><td>No formal treaty<\/td><td>N\/A<\/td><td>Minimal<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Malaysia<\/td><td>Yes (1995)<\/td><td>No (generally)<\/td><td>Moderate<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand is\u00a0<strong>not a non-extradition country<\/strong>. It maintains active law enforcement cooperation with the United States, particularly through the DEA Bangkok office, FBI legal attach\u00e9, and Homeland Security Investigations (HSI) presence in Bangkok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions-extradition-between-thailand-and-the-u-s\">Frequently Asked Questions, Extradition Between Thailand and the U.S.<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1772214586366\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I fight extradition in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. You have the constitutional right to legal counsel and may challenge the extradition request on multiple grounds: political offense exception, lack of dual criminality, insufficient evidence, expired statute of limitations, specialty principle violations, or humanitarian considerations. As the Viktor Bout case demonstrated, a lower court denial can succeed, though higher courts may overturn. Engaging experienced legal counsel early significantly improves outcomes.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1772214596365\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Will Thailand extradite me for unpaid taxes?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Ordinary unpaid taxes and civil tax disputes\u00a0<strong>do not qualify<\/strong>\u00a0for extradition. However,\u00a0<strong>criminal tax fraud<\/strong>\u00a0involving substantial amounts and willful evasion can satisfy dual criminality requirements under both U.S. tax law (26 U.S.C. \u00a7 7201) and Thailand\u2019s Revenue Code. The distinction between civil tax liability and criminal tax fraud is critical.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1772214597150\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What happens if there is an Interpol Red Notice against me?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>An Interpol Red Notice is\u00a0<strong>not an arrest warrant and not a conviction<\/strong>. It is a request to law enforcement worldwide to locate and provisionally arrest a person pending extradition. However, Thai police do act on Red Notices, and an alert in the Interpol system can trigger arrest at airports, border crossings, or during routine police checks. Legal strategy depends on the underlying charge and the issuing country\u2019s procedural posture.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1772214616824\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I leave Thailand if I suspect there is a warrant?<br \/><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Attempting to depart Thailand while subject to an outstanding international warrant is extremely risky. Thai border controls at Suvarnabhumi, Don Mueang, and all land crossings are integrated with Interpol\u2019s I-24\/7 system and immigration alert databases. Departure can trigger immediate arrest at the border.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1772214617585\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is extradition automatic between Thailand and the U.S.?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Extradition requires: (1) a formal diplomatic request, (2) review by the Attorney General, (3) approval by the Thai Criminal Court, and (4) final executive authorization by the Thai Cabinet. At each stage, the request can be challenged or refused. The Viktor Bout case took over two years from arrest to physical surrender.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1772214618385\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does Thailand have an extradition treaty with the U.S.?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. The Treaty Relating to Extradition between the United States of America and the Kingdom of Thailand was signed on December 14, 1983, entered into force on May 17, 1991, and remains the only extradition treaty between the two countries. It is a fully binding bilateral agreement.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1772214733788\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What should I do if I think I may face extradition?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Contact an experienced Thai criminal defense lawyer immediately, before arrest if possible. Early legal intervention allows for strategic planning, evidence review, and potentially negotiating with authorities. Waiting until after arrest severely limits available options. Our firm has handled cross-border criminal matters for 20 years.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"can-i-fight-extradition-in-thailand\">Why ThaiLawOnline, 20 Years of Criminal Defense Experience<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Extradition cases are among the most complex matters in Thai criminal law. They sit at the intersection of international treaty law, Thai domestic criminal procedure, and diplomatic relations. Few Thai law firms have the depth of experience required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>ThaiLawOnline brings:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>20+ years<\/strong>\u00a0of Thai legal practice with deep criminal defense experience<\/li>\n\n<li>Fluent English-Thai legal communication, we bridge the gap between common law and Thai civil law systems<\/li>\n\n<li>Experience with U.S.-Thailand cross-border matters including extradition, Interpol alerts, and multi-jurisdictional investigations<\/li>\n\n<li>Established working relationships with the Thai Attorney General\u2019s office, Criminal Court, and relevant law enforcement agencies<\/li>\n\n<li>Modern legal technology for secure, confidential communication<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do not wait until arrest.<\/strong>\u00a0If you are an expat in Thailand with concerns about U.S. criminal exposure, whether from an existing indictment, a grand jury investigation, or an Interpol alert, early legal consultation is your most important step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Links : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.state.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/91-517-Thailand-Law-Enforcmt-Extradition.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"> Treaty of Extradition between Thailand and the USA (1983)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Last reviewed: 6 September 2026. The 1983 Treaty Relating to Extradition was read in full from the United States Treaties and Other International Acts Series text, TIAS 91-517, the document linked above: Article 2(1) for the more than one year threshold, Article 8 for nationals, Article 10 for the 60 day provisional arrest limit, and Article 20(3), under which this treaty replaced the treaty of 1922. The Thai Extradition Act B.E. 2551 was read in Thai in full: section 7 for the domestic threshold, section 12 for when a Thai national may be extradited, section 19 for the grounds the court decides, and section 21, under which an appeal goes to the Court of Appeal within 30 days and the judgment of that court is final. The list of instruments in force between the two countries was checked against the United States Department of State list of Treaties in Force as at 1 January 2025. On 4 October 2026 sections 21 to 23 were re-read in Thai: the timeline table&#8217;s &#8216;Supreme Court appeal&#8217; row was corrected to the Court of Appeal, the 90-day surrender period of section 22 was added, and a FAQ&#8217;s &#8216;flight from justice&#8217; offence, which Thai law does not contain, was removed. <strong>Not verified:<\/strong> the accounts of the Viktor Bout and Rakesh Saxena cases and of recent bilateral cooperation, the statement that Thailand has extradition treaties with more than 15 other countries, the 48 hour period for a first court appearance, the estimated timelines, and the entries for other countries in the comparison table. Those are matters of reported fact or of current practice rather than of the treaty or the Act, and they were not checked against a primary source. Re-checked on 10 October 2026: Extradition Act B.E. 2551 sections 15, 16 and 18 read in Thai on the government&#8217;s central law register, with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">Criminal Procedure Code section 87<\/a>; the 48 hour period is the Code&#8217;s general limit, which the Act applies, and the provisional arrest paragraph now gives section 16&#8217;s 60-day release rule and the court&#8217;s power to extend it to 90 days. The case accounts, the treaty count, the estimated timelines and the comparison table remain unverified.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you are living in Thailand and concerned about a U.S. warrant, federal indictment, or Interpol Red Notice, one question [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":11445,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-03\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"does thailand extradite to the us","rank_math_title":"Does Thailand Have an Extradition Treaty? Countries List","rank_math_description":"Thailand has extradition treaties with the US, UK and other states. Which countries are covered, the offences that qualify, and how proceedings actually run.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Does Thailand Extradite to the US","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-88","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/88","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=88"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/88\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12442,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/88\/revisions\/12442"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11445"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=88"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}