{"id":89,"date":"2026-02-23T20:43:51","date_gmt":"2026-02-23T13:43:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/ratchaphatsadu-land-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-09-05T19:37:41","modified_gmt":"2026-09-05T12:37:41","slug":"ratchaphatsadu-land-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/ratchaphatsadu-land-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Ratchaphatsadu Land en Tha\u00eflande : Informations compl\u00e8tes et guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cRatchaphatsadu\u201d (\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38) literally translates to \u201croyal supplies\u201d or \u201cstate property.\u201d In Thai real estate law, Ratchaphatsadu land means any immovable property owned by the State, with some exceptions. It is the single largest category of government-held land in Thailand. \u201cRatchaphatsadu land in Thailand\u201d is sometimes translated as \u201ctreasury department land.\u201d It is also translated using names linked to \u201cpossessory rights.\u201d Examples include \u201cPor Bor Tor\u201d now called since 2019 \u201cPor Dor Sor 3.\u201d\u201cPor Dor Sor 3\u201d (\u0e20.\u0e14.\u0e2a.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img alt=\"Terre de Ratchaphatsadu en Tha\u00eflande\" class=\"wp-image-31089 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/Ratchaphatsadu-Land-in-Thailand-1-768x429.png\" style=\"width:800px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-is-ratchaphatsadu\">1. Qu&#039;est-ce que la terre de Ratchaphatsadu en Tha\u00eflande (\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38)\u00a0?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#legal-framework\">2. Le cadre juridique\u00a0: L\u00e9gislation cl\u00e9 r\u00e9gissant les terres du Tr\u00e9sor<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#classification\">3. Classification des terres domaniales en Tha\u00eflande<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#treasury-department\">4. Le D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e21\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c) : r\u00f4le et pouvoirs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#ratchaphatsadu-committee\">5. Le Comit\u00e9 foncier de Ratchaphatsadu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#leasing-ratchaphatsadu\">6. Comment louer des terres \u00e0 Ratchaphatsadu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#types-of-use\">7. Types d&#039;utilisation autoris\u00e9e des terres de Ratchaphatsadu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#foreigners\">8. Les \u00e9trangers et le territoire de Ratchaphatsadu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#comparison-table\">9. Terrains de Ratchaphatsadu vs. Terrains priv\u00e9s vs. Domaine public\u00a0: Comparaison<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#tax-obligations\">10. Obligations fiscales sur les terres de Ratchaphatsadu<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#transfer-revocation\">11. Transfert, r\u00e9vocation et ali\u00e9nation des terres du Tr\u00e9sor<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#supreme-court-decisions\">11. D\u00e9cisions de la Cour supr\u00eame sur les terres de Ratchaphatsadu (\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#practical-lessons-for-lessees-and-investors\">Le\u00e7ons pratiques pour les locataires et les investisseurs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#practical-considerations\">12. Consid\u00e9rations pratiques et risques<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq\">13. Foire aux questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-ratchaphatsadu\">1. Qu&#039;est-ce que la terre de Ratchaphatsadu en Tha\u00eflande (\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38)\u00a0?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The governing statute is the <strong>Ratchaphatsadu Land Act B.E. 2562 (2019)<\/strong>, which by its Section 3 repealed the B.E. 2518 (1975) Act outright. Older sources, and much of the English-language web, still quote the 1975 Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 6<\/strong> provides that Ratchaphatsadu land comprises (1) <em>immovable property of every kind that is property of the State<\/em>, (2) land reserved or set aside for the specific benefit of the State, and (3) land reserved or set aside for official benefit under the law. Because limb (1) reaches immovable property of every kind, buildings and permanent structures on State land are themselves Ratchaphatsadu, not merely fixtures on it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 7<\/strong> sets out what is <em>pas<\/em> Ratchaphatsadu. It excludes waste and vacant land, and land expropriated, abandoned or otherwise reverted to the State under the land law, except where that land is itself reserved or set aside for the specific benefit of the State or for official benefit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<style>.wp-block-kadence-column.kb-section-dir-horizontal > .kt-inside-inner-col > .kt-info-box31088_8b0155-3e .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{max-width:unset;}.kt-info-box31088_8b0155-3e .kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap{padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-xs, 1rem);}.kt-info-box31088_8b0155-3e .kadence-info-box-icon-container .kt-info-svg-icon, .kt-info-box31088_8b0155-3e .kt-info-svg-icon-flip, .kt-info-box31088_8b0155-3e .kt-blocks-info-box-number{font-size:50px;}.kt-info-box31088_8b0155-3e .kt-blocks-info-box-media{border-top-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;padding-top:10px;padding-right:10px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:10px;}.kt-info-box31088_8b0155-3e .kt-blocks-info-box-media-container{margin-top:0px;margin-right:15px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:15px;}.kt-info-box31088_8b0155-3e .kt-blocks-info-box-learnmore{background:transparent;border-width:0px 0px 0px 0px;padding-top:4px;padding-right:8px;padding-bottom:4px;padding-left:8px;margin-top:10px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:10px;margin-left:0px;}<\/style>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-kadence-infobox kt-info-box31088_8b0155-3e\"><span class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-link-wrap info-box-link kt-blocks-info-box-media-align-top kt-info-halign-center\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media-container\"><div class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-media kt-info-media-animate-none\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-icon-container kt-info-icon-animate-none\"><div class=\"kadence-info-box-icon-inner-container\"><span class=\"kb-svg-icon-wrap kb-svg-icon-fe_edit kt-info-svg-icon\"><svg aria-hidden=\"true\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\" stroke-width=\"2\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M20 14.66V20a2 2 0 0 1-2 2H4a2 2 0 0 1-2-2V6a2 2 0 0 1 2-2h5.34\"><\/path><polygon points=\"18 2 22 6 12 16 8 16 8 12 18 2\"><\/polygon><\/svg><\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"kt-infobox-textcontent\"><h2 class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-title\">Fait cl\u00e9<\/h2><p class=\"kt-blocks-info-box-text\">The Thai Treasury Department manages about 12.5 million rai of Ratchaphatsadu land in Thailand. That is roughly 2 million hectares. Its estimated value is over 5 trillion Baht. This represents about 2.57% of Thailand\u2019s total land area.<\/p><\/div><\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En termes simples, les terrains relevant de la comp\u00e9tence de Ratchaphatsadu comprennent les b\u00e2timents administratifs du gouvernement, les sites militaires, les march\u00e9s d&#039;\u00c9tat, les terrains r\u00e9serv\u00e9s aux agences et les terrains lou\u00e9s par l&#039;\u00c9tat \u00e0 des particuliers \u00e0 des fins commerciales ou r\u00e9sidentielles. En revanche, ils n&#039;incluent pas les espaces communs publics, tels que les plages ou les routes publiques, ni les terrains appartenant aux entreprises publiques autonomes, comme la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nationale des chemins de fer de Tha\u00eflande et l&#039;Autorit\u00e9 de production d&#039;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 de Tha\u00eflande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For Western readers, Ratchaphatsadu land is similar to \u201cCrown land\u201d in Commonwealth countries or \u201ctreasury land\u201d. Examples include Canada, Australia, and the UK.It is also similar to \u201cfederal land\u201d in the United States. It is government-owned land that may be leased or used for specific purposes.The public cannot freely buy it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legal-framework\">2. Le cadre juridique\u00a0: L\u00e9gislation cl\u00e9 r\u00e9gissant les terres du Tr\u00e9sor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les terres appartenant \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat tha\u00eflandais (Ratchaphatsadu) sont r\u00e9gies par un syst\u00e8me complexe de lois primaires, de r\u00e8glements secondaires et de politiques minist\u00e9rielles. La compr\u00e9hension de ce cadre est essentielle pour toute personne souhaitant louer ou interagir avec des terres domaniales en Tha\u00eflande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"act-2518\">2.1 Loi fonci\u00e8re de Ratchaphatsadu BE 2518 (1975)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La loi fonci\u00e8re originale de Ratchaphatsadu a \u00e9t\u00e9 promulgu\u00e9e le 14 f\u00e9vrier 1975 (2518 BE). Elle a servi de texte de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence pendant plus de quarante ans. Cette loi comporte douze articles. Elle d\u00e9finit les terres de Ratchaphatsadu et cr\u00e9e le Comit\u00e9 foncier de Ratchaphatsadu, pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par le ministre des Finances. Elle \u00e9tablit \u00e9galement les r\u00e8gles fondamentales de supervision, d&#039;entretien, d&#039;utilisation et de gestion des biens de l&#039;\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;article 5 de la loi BE 2518 a attribu\u00e9 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de toutes les terres Ratchaphatsadu au minist\u00e8re des Finances. L&#039;article 6 a cr\u00e9\u00e9 le Comit\u00e9 foncier Ratchaphatsadu, habilit\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9laborer des politiques et \u00e0 \u00e9mettre des r\u00e8glements minist\u00e9riels. L&#039;article 8 stipulait qu&#039;une loi du Parlement \u00e9tait n\u00e9cessaire pour transf\u00e9rer les terres Ratchaphatsadu. Cette disposition s&#039;appliquait aux terres publiques r\u00e9serv\u00e9es \u00e0 un usage sp\u00e9cifique de l&#039;\u00c9tat. L&#039;article 9 pr\u00e9voyait que lorsque les terres n&#039;\u00e9taient plus n\u00e9cessaires \u00e0 leur destination, un d\u00e9cret royal devait r\u00e9voquer leur statut de terres r\u00e9serv\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reference: Ratchaphatsadu Land Act B.E. 2518 (1975), Sections 4 to 12; Royal Gazette Vol. 92, Part 54, special issue, page 1, 5 March B.E. 2518.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"act-2562\">2.2 Loi fonci\u00e8re de Ratchaphatsadu BE 2562 (2019)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La nouvelle loi fonci\u00e8re Ratchaphatsadu BE 2562 (2019) a \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9e au Journal officiel le 9 mars 2019. Elle remplace la loi de 1975 afin de moderniser la gestion des biens de l&#039;\u00c9tat. Cette loi actualis\u00e9e \u00e9tablit des r\u00e8gles plus claires pour l&#039;achat, la gestion et la location des terres Ratchaphatsadu. Elle introduit \u00e9galement des dispositions relatives \u00e0 la gestion des biens de l&#039;\u00c9tat situ\u00e9s hors de Tha\u00eflande. Cette \u00e9volution t\u00e9moigne de l&#039;int\u00e9r\u00eat croissant du gouvernement tha\u00eflandais pour la sc\u00e8ne internationale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La loi BE 2562 a renforc\u00e9 une r\u00e8gle applicable aux agences gouvernementales et aux collectivit\u00e9s territoriales. Toute personne souhaitant utiliser des terrains relevant du domaine public (Ratchaphatsadu) doit en informer le minist\u00e8re des Finances et obtenir une autorisation formelle conform\u00e9ment aux arr\u00eat\u00e9s minist\u00e9riels. Un seuil important a \u00e9galement \u00e9t\u00e9 instaur\u00e9\u00a0: les projets d&#039;une valeur inf\u00e9rieure ou \u00e9gale \u00e0 5 milliards de bahts sont soumis \u00e0 la loi fonci\u00e8re Ratchaphatsadu et ne rel\u00e8vent pas du cadre des partenariats public-priv\u00e9 (PPP). Le minist\u00e8re des Finances exerce ainsi un contr\u00f4le direct sur les projets immobiliers publics de moyenne envergure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : Loi fonci\u00e8re de Ratchaphatsadu BE 2562 (2019) ; Gazette royale Vol. 136, Partie 31 Kor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ministerial-regulations\">2.3 R\u00e8glement minist\u00e9riel BE 2545 (2002)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le R\u00e8glement minist\u00e9riel relatif aux principes d&#039;administration, d&#039;entretien, d&#039;utilisation et de valorisation des biens de l&#039;\u00c9tat (BE 2545\/2002) \u00e9tablit les r\u00e8gles d&#039;application de la loi fonci\u00e8re Ratchaphatsadu. Ce r\u00e8glement pr\u00e9cise les conditions de location, les m\u00e9thodes de calcul des loyers, les proc\u00e9dures d&#039;approbation et les obligations de d\u00e9claration. L&#039;article 23 exige l&#039;approbation du minist\u00e8re des Finances pour tout contrat portant sur des biens de l&#039;\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : R\u00e8glement minist\u00e9riel sur l&#039;administration des biens de l&#039;\u00c9tat BE 2545 (2002), article 23.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"classification\">3. Classification des terres domaniales en Tha\u00eflande<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour bien comprendre les terres de Ratchaphatsadu, il faut les situer dans la cat\u00e9gorie plus large des terres appartenant \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat en Tha\u00eflande. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/\">Code foncier BE 2497 (1954) <\/a>Les lois connexes reconnaissent plusieurs types de terres domaniales. Chaque type est soumis \u00e0 des r\u00e8gles juridiques et \u00e0 des cadres administratifs diff\u00e9rents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Cat\u00e9gorie<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Terme tha\u00eflandais<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Description<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Autorit\u00e9 de gestion<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Peut \u00eatre lou\u00e9 ?<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Terrains \u00e0 usage public<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c<\/td><td>Terrains commun\u00e9ment utilis\u00e9s par le public\u00a0: routes, rivi\u00e8res, plages, canaux, parcs publics<\/td><td>Minist\u00e8re de l&#039;Int\u00e9rieur \/ Collectivit\u00e9s locales<\/td><td>No, protected as public domain<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Terres d\u00e9sol\u00e9es<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32<\/td><td>Terrains abandonn\u00e9s ou inutilis\u00e9s qui sont revenus \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat<\/td><td>Minist\u00e8re de l&#039;Int\u00e9rieur \/ D\u00e9partement du Territoire<\/td><td>Peut \u00eatre allou\u00e9 \u00e0 un usage priv\u00e9 dans le cadre de certains programmes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Terres du Tr\u00e9sor (Ratchaphatsadu)<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38<\/td><td>Terrains appartenant \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat utilis\u00e9s pour l&#039;administration publique, l&#039;arm\u00e9e et la location commerciale<\/td><td>D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor \/ Minist\u00e8re des Finances<\/td><td><strong>Oui<\/strong>, under the Ratchaphatsadu Land Act<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Terres de l&#039;entreprise d&#039;\u00c9tat<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e27\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08<\/td><td>Terrains appartenant \u00e0 des entreprises d&#039;\u00c9tat dot\u00e9es de la personnalit\u00e9 morale (par exemple, SRT, EGAT)<\/td><td>Entreprise d&#039;\u00c9tat respective<\/td><td>Under the enterprise\u2019s own governing law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Terres r\u00e9serv\u00e9es au gouvernement<\/strong><\/td><td>\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21<\/td><td>Terres r\u00e9serv\u00e9es \u00e0 des fins sp\u00e9cifiques\u00a0: ressources naturelles, protection de l\u2019environnement<\/td><td>Divers (D\u00e9partement des for\u00eats, etc.)<\/td><td>Generally no, protected by reservation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/land-code\/\">Code foncier<\/a> B.E. 2497 (1954); Chandler MHM, \u201cDoing Business in Thailand,\u201d Chapter 8, Section 2(A).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La principale diff\u00e9rence commerciale r\u00e9side dans le fait que les terrains de Ratchaphatsadu peuvent \u00eatre lou\u00e9s \u00e0 des particuliers. Contrairement aux terrains publics ou r\u00e9serv\u00e9s, ils sont souvent lou\u00e9s \u00e0 des fins commerciales, r\u00e9sidentielles et agricoles. Cela en fait une cat\u00e9gorie importante pour les entreprises, les investisseurs et les particuliers souhaitant utiliser des biens appartenant \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat en Tha\u00eflande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"treasury-department\">4. Le D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e21\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c) : r\u00f4le et pouvoirs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.treasury.go.th\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor<\/a>Le Krom Thanarak (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e21\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c) est un organisme gouvernemental rattach\u00e9 au minist\u00e8re des Finances. Il supervise et g\u00e8re l&#039;ensemble des terres domaniales (Ratchaphatsadu) \u00e0 travers la Tha\u00eflande. Ses missions comprennent le recensement des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;\u00c9tat et la tenue d&#039;un registre national des biens immobiliers appartenant au gouvernement. Il fixe \u00e9galement la valeur fonci\u00e8re cadastrale pour le calcul des imp\u00f4ts et taxes \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9chelle nationale et g\u00e8re les contrats de location des terres domaniales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Treasury Department\u2019s assessed land values are very important. They set the baseline for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/property-transfer-taxes\/\">frais de transfert<\/a>, taxes, and registration costs in Thailand. This applies to all land transactions. It includes Ratchaphatsadu land and private land transactions. The assessed price announced by the Treasury Department is usually much lower than the property\u2019s market value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le D\u00e9partement g\u00e8re des bureaux provinciaux (\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48) dans chaque province. Ces bureaux font office de bras administratif local. Ils traitent les demandes de location et effectuent des inspections. Ils g\u00e8rent \u00e9galement les relations de location. Ils travaillent avec des locataires qui utilisent la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&#039;\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ratchaphatsadu-committee\">5. Le Comit\u00e9 foncier de Ratchaphatsadu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Ratchaphatsadu Land Committee (\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38) is the top policy body for state property in Thailand. It first appeared as Section 6 of the B.E. 2518 Act, but that Act was repealed rather than amended, so the Committee now exists under <strong>Chapter 2, Section 9 of the Ratchaphatsadu Land Act B.E. 2562<\/strong>. The 2562 Act also changed who sits on it: it added the Permanent Secretary for Natural Resources and Environment and, for the first time, <strong>three expert members appointed by the Minister<\/strong> from people qualified in economics, land, or property development.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Committee is chaired by the Minister of Finance. It includes the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance. It also includes the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/director\/\">Directeur<\/a>-General of the Treasury Department. The Director-General serves as both a member and secretary. Various other senior officials from relevant ministries are also included. The Committee can set policies. It can approve major lease agreements. It can allow the revocation or reclassification of state property. It can issue guidelines. These guidelines become binding through Ministerial Regulations published in the Government Gazette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Point pratique\u00a0: Pour les baux portant sur des terrains de grande valeur ou de grande envergure, le preneur doit se conformer aux proc\u00e9dures du minist\u00e8re du Tr\u00e9sor. Il doit \u00e9galement obtenir l\u2019approbation du Comit\u00e9 foncier de Ratchaphatsadu. Les preneurs potentiels doivent int\u00e9grer cette proc\u00e9dure d\u2019approbation \u00e0 leur calendrier de projet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"leasing-ratchaphatsadu\">6. Comment louer des terres \u00e0 Ratchaphatsadu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La location des terres de Ratchaphatsadu constitue l&#039;une des principales sources de revenus de l&#039;\u00c9tat provenant de son patrimoine foncier. Le minist\u00e8re du Tr\u00e9sor applique une proc\u00e9dure claire d&#039;attribution des baux. Les conditions sont conformes au d\u00e9cret minist\u00e9riel BE 2545 (2002) et \u00e0 ses modifications ult\u00e9rieures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lease-eligibility\">6.1 Crit\u00e8res d&#039;admissibilit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Applicants for a Ratchaphatsadu land lease must generally be Thai nationals or Thai-registered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/juristic-person\/\">personnes morales<\/a>. Government agencies, state enterprises, local administrative organizations, educational institutions, and temples may also be granted the right to use state property. Private entities seeking commercial leases must show a valid business purpose. They must also have enough money to develop and maintain the property. This must meet the Treasury Department\u2019s requirements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les occupants actuels des terrains appartenant au Tr\u00e9sor peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d&#039;une priorit\u00e9 pour les demandes de location. Ils doivent avoir utilis\u00e9 les lieux avec l&#039;accord du minist\u00e8re du Tr\u00e9sor et se conformer aux r\u00e8glements minist\u00e9riels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lease-terms\">6.2 Dur\u00e9e et renouvellement du bail<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Objet du bail<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dur\u00e9e typique<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Dur\u00e9e maximale<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Renouvellement possible ?<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Usage r\u00e9sidentiel<\/td><td>1 \u00e0 3 ans<\/td><td>30 ans<\/td><td>Oui, sous r\u00e9serve de l&#039;approbation du d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Commerces \/ vente au d\u00e9tail (maisons-boutiques, march\u00e9s)<\/td><td>3-15 years<\/td><td>30 ans<\/td><td>Oui, sous r\u00e9serve d&#039;examen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>D\u00e9veloppement industriel \/ \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle<\/td><td>15-30 years<\/td><td>30 ans (50 ans en vertu de lois sp\u00e9ciales)<\/td><td>Oui, avec ren\u00e9gociation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>utilisation agricole<\/td><td>1-6 years<\/td><td>12 ans (en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral)<\/td><td>Oui, sous r\u00e9serve d&#039;examen<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>utilisation par les agences gouvernementales<\/td><td>Au besoin<\/td><td>Ind\u00e9fini (statut r\u00e9serv\u00e9)<\/td><td>N\/A, granted by allocation<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Projets de la zone BOI\/CEE<\/td><td>30-50 years<\/td><td>50 ans (jusqu&#039;\u00e0 99 ans dans la CEE avec renouvellement)<\/td><td>Oui, en vertu du trait\u00e9 CEE<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La dur\u00e9e maximale g\u00e9n\u00e9rale d&#039;un bail est de 30 ans, sous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-540\/\">Article 540 du Code civil et commercial tha\u00eflandais<\/a>. Il est stipul\u00e9 qu&#039;un bail immobilier ne peut exc\u00e9der 30 ans. Si les parties conviennent d&#039;une dur\u00e9e plus longue, celle-ci est ramen\u00e9e \u00e0 30 ans. Toutefois, certaines l\u00e9gislations sp\u00e9cifiques pr\u00e9voient des exceptions. La loi BE 2542 (1999) relative aux baux immobiliers \u00e0 des fins commerciales et industrielles autorise les baux de 50 ans. Ces baux s&#039;appliquent aux projets commerciaux et industriels \u00e9ligibles, qui doivent respecter des seuils d&#039;investissement minimaux. La loi BE 2561 (2018) relative \u00e0 la zone sp\u00e9ciale de d\u00e9veloppement de l&#039;Est, \u00e9galement appel\u00e9e loi EEC, autorise les baux de 50 ans et pr\u00e9voit un renouvellement pour 49 ans dans les zones EEC d\u00e9sign\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Important:<\/strong>\u00a0Une clause de renouvellement dans un bail Ratchaphatsadu ne cr\u00e9e aucun droit acquis. Le renouvellement est toujours \u00e0 la discr\u00e9tion du D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor. Les conditions, y compris le loyer, peuvent \u00eatre ren\u00e9goci\u00e9es lors du renouvellement. Les locataires ne doivent pas consid\u00e9rer le renouvellement comme automatique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lease-fees\">6.3 Tarifs et frais de location<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les loyers des terrains Ratchaphatsadu sont calcul\u00e9s selon la valeur fonci\u00e8re estim\u00e9e par le Tr\u00e9sor public, et non selon la valeur marchande. Ces loyers sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement inf\u00e9rieurs \u00e0 ceux du march\u00e9 priv\u00e9. La formule de calcul varie selon le type d&#039;utilisation, mais le Tr\u00e9sor public publie des directives et des bar\u00e8mes. Outre le loyer mensuel ou annuel, les locataires doivent souvent s&#039;acquitter d&#039;un droit d&#039;entr\u00e9e (\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32). Ils peuvent \u00e9galement devoir payer une redevance d&#039;utilisation du b\u00e2timent, notamment si le bail inclut des structures appartenant \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les frais d&#039;enregistrement standard pour un bail Ratchaphatsadu s&#039;\u00e9l\u00e8vent \u00e0 11 TP3 TB du loyer total. Ce montant couvre toute la dur\u00e9e du bail et est conforme au bar\u00e8me du D\u00e9partement foncier pour les baux enregistr\u00e9s en Tha\u00eflande. Un droit de timbre de 0,11 TP3 TB du loyer total est applicable (les baux agricoles en sont exempt\u00e9s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Frais \/ Co\u00fbt<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Taux<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Payable par<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Notes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Loyer annuel<\/td><td>Formule bas\u00e9e sur la valeur estim\u00e9e<\/td><td>Preneur \u00e0 bail<\/td><td>Inf\u00e9rieurs aux taux du march\u00e9 priv\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Argent de cl\u00e9 (\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32)<\/td><td>Cela varie selon la propri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/td><td>Preneur \u00e0 bail<\/td><td>Paiement unique initial<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Frais d&#039;enregistrement du bail<\/td><td>1% de loyer total pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail<\/td><td>Locataire (par pratique)<\/td><td>Enregistr\u00e9 au bureau foncier<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Droit de timbre<\/td><td>0,1% du loyer total pendant toute la dur\u00e9e du bail<\/td><td>Partag\u00e9 (de par la loi) ; locataire (de par la pratique)<\/td><td>baux agricoles exempt\u00e9s<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Taxe fonci\u00e8re et immobili\u00e8re<\/td><td>Varies (0.01%, 0.7% of assessed value)<\/td><td>Locataire (si cela est stipul\u00e9 contractuellement)<\/td><td>En vertu de la loi sur l&#039;imp\u00f4t foncier et immobilier BE 2562<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reference: Ministerial Regulations B.E. 2545 (2002); Chandler MHM, \u201cDoing Business in Thailand,\u201d Table 8-1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lease-procedure\">6.4 Proc\u00e9dure de location \u00e9tape par \u00e9tape<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;obtention d&#039;un bail sur un terrain \u00e0 Ratchaphatsadu comporte plusieurs \u00e9tapes et prend souvent plusieurs mois. La dur\u00e9e exacte d\u00e9pend de l&#039;envergure et de la valeur du projet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 1, Identification and Inquiry<\/strong>: Le locataire potentiel identifie le terrain sp\u00e9cifique de Ratchaphatsadu. Ils posent des questions \u00e0 ce sujet au bureau provincial du D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor (\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48). Le bureau confirmera si le terrain est disponible \u00e0 la location et les cat\u00e9gories d&#039;utilisation autoris\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 2, Application Submission:<\/strong> Le demandeur soumet une demande de bail officielle. Celle-ci comprend une pi\u00e8ce d&#039;identit\u00e9 et l&#039;extrait Kbis (pour les personnes morales). Elle inclut \u00e9galement un plan d&#039;utilisation propos\u00e9 et une preuve de capacit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re. Le demandeur doit en outre fournir tous les documents justificatifs requis par la r\u00e9glementation minist\u00e9rielle applicable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 3, Evaluation and Inspection<\/strong>Le minist\u00e8re du Tr\u00e9sor effectue une inspection des lieux. Il \u00e9value la demande au regard des r\u00e8glements minist\u00e9riels. Il examine le loyer et les conditions propos\u00e9s. Pour les projets d&#039;envergure, une \u00e9tude d&#039;impact environnemental peut \u00eatre exig\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 4, Committee or Ministerial Approval<\/strong>L\u2019approbation est requise en fonction de la valeur et du type de bail. Elle peut \u00e9maner du directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Tr\u00e9sor, du Comit\u00e9 foncier de Ratchaphatsadu ou du ministre des Finances. Les projets d\u00e9passant certains seuils n\u00e9cessitent l\u2019approbation du Conseil des ministres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Step 5, Lease Execution and Registration<\/strong>: After approval, the Treasury Department and the lessee sign the lease agreement. If the lease term is more than 3 years, you must register it at the relevant <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/land-office\/\">Bureau foncier<\/a>. This ensures it is enforceable under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-538\/\">Article 538 du Code civil et commercial.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Step 6, Ongoing Compliance: The lessee must follow the lease terms. This includes use limits, maintenance duties, and regular reports. The Treasury Department retains the right to inspect the property and may terminate the lease for material breach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types-of-use\">7. Types d&#039;utilisation autoris\u00e9e des terres de Ratchaphatsadu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor autorise de nombreux usages sur les terrains de Ratchaphatsadu, notamment des activit\u00e9s commerciales telles que des h\u00f4tels, des grands magasins, des march\u00e9s et des boutiques, ainsi que des usages r\u00e9sidentiels. Les usages \u00e9ducatifs et religieux, comme les temples, les \u00e9coles et les universit\u00e9s, sont \u00e9galement autoris\u00e9s. L&#039;agriculture est aussi permise. Les organismes gouvernementaux peuvent utiliser ces terrains pour leurs fonctions administratives. Les usages autoris\u00e9s pour chaque parcelle sont d\u00e9finis par le plan de zonage et d&#039;utilisation du D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor. Les locataires sont tenus de respecter la cat\u00e9gorie d&#039;usage approuv\u00e9e. Tout changement d&#039;usage non autoris\u00e9 constitue un motif de r\u00e9siliation du bail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Plusieurs grands complexes commerciaux \u00e0 Bangkok et dans d&#039;autres provinces sont situ\u00e9s sur des terrains relevant du domaine public (Ratchaphatsadu). Il s&#039;agit notamment de march\u00e9s populaires, de zones commerciales appartenant \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat et de projets h\u00f4teliers. La longue dur\u00e9e de ces baux et leurs loyers relativement bas rendent les locations sur les terrains Ratchaphatsadu particuli\u00e8rement int\u00e9ressantes sur le plan commercial. Toutefois, le locataire doit accepter certaines limitations lorsqu&#039;il loue des terrains aupr\u00e8s de l&#039;\u00c9tat\u00a0: il ne peut pas en devenir pleinement propri\u00e9taire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"foreigners\">8. Les \u00e9trangers et le territoire de Ratchaphatsadu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;intersection entre les terres Ratchaphatsadu et les investissements \u00e9trangers est un domaine complexe du droit tha\u00eflandais. En r\u00e8gle g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, les baux fonciers Ratchaphatsadu sont accord\u00e9s \u00e0 des ressortissants tha\u00eflandais ou \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s enregistr\u00e9es en Tha\u00eflande. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/\">Code foncier BE 2497 (1954)<\/a> Le minist\u00e8re du Tr\u00e9sor limite la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re \u00e9trang\u00e8re. Ses politiques internes sont \u00e9galement strictes et il adopte une approche similaire pour l&#039;octroi de baux sur des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">However, foreigners may indirectly access Ratchaphatsadu land through several recognized structures. A Thai-majority company, with at least 51% Thai shareholding, may apply for a Ratchaphatsadu lease as usual. Foreign investors in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/boi\/\">BOI<\/a> projects or in the EEC may also lease state property. They may do so under special lease rules in the related promotional laws. In such cases, the lease is between the Treasury Department and the Thai-registered project entity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Avertissement relatif aux risques juridiques\u00a0: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-nominee-shareholders\/\">Utiliser des actionnaires de fa\u00e7ade pour contourner la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 tha\u00eflandaise<\/a> rules to access Ratchaphatsadu land is illegal. This violates the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/foreign-business-act\/\">Loi sur les entreprises \u00e9trang\u00e8res<\/a> B.E. 2542 (1999) and the Land Code. Violations carry criminal penalties including <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/fine\/\">amendes<\/a> and imprisonment. The Treasury Department may also terminate the lease if <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/nominee\/\">candidat<\/a> arrangements are discovered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"99-year-proposal\">8.1 Proposition de bail de 99 ans<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une proposition visant \u00e0 autoriser les \u00e9trangers \u00e0 d\u00e9tenir <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bangkokpost.com\/property\/2874558\/legal-rejig-needed-for-foreign-land-leases\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">baux fonciers \u00e0 long terme pouvant aller jusqu&#039;\u00e0 99 ans<\/a> Cette proposition a fait l&#039;objet de discussions dans les cercles politiques tha\u00eflandais. Selon ce projet, les propri\u00e9taires fonciers tha\u00eflandais souhaitant louer leurs terres \u00e0 des \u00e9trangers devraient d&#039;abord leur transf\u00e9rer le titre de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 au Tr\u00e9sor public, qui en assurerait le contr\u00f4le. Les locataires \u00e9trangers b\u00e9n\u00e9ficieraient alors d&#039;un bail d&#039;une dur\u00e9e maximale de 99 ans. \u00c0 l&#039;issue de cette p\u00e9riode, les terres reviendraient \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat, sous l&#039;\u00e9gide du Tr\u00e9sor public. Des restrictions emp\u00eacheraient les \u00e9trangers d&#039;acqu\u00e9rir des terres agricoles ou de construire des logements sociaux dans le cadre de ce dispositif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Toutefois, d\u00e9but 2026, cette proposition restait au stade de la discussion et n&#039;avait pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 adopt\u00e9e. Le secr\u00e9taire permanent du minist\u00e8re des Finances a indiqu\u00e9 qu&#039;elle n\u00e9cessiterait des modifications du droit de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 publique, ainsi que des modifications des lois connexes. Une consultation publique serait requise conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 la Constitution. Les investisseurs \u00e9trangers potentiels ne devraient pas fonder leurs projets actuels sur cette proposition et devraient se conformer au cadre existant de 30 ans. Des lois sp\u00e9cifiques pourraient autoriser une dur\u00e9e de 50 ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comparison-table\">9. Terrains de Ratchaphatsadu vs. Terrains priv\u00e9s vs. Domaine public\u00a0: Comparaison<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Fonctionnalit\u00e9<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Terre de Ratchaphatsadu (\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Terrain priv\u00e9 (Chanote \/ NS4)<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Domaine public (\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e30)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Possession<\/strong><\/td><td>\u00c9tat (Minist\u00e8re des Finances)<\/td><td>personne physique ou entit\u00e9 priv\u00e9e<\/td><td>State, for public benefit<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Peut-on l&#039;acheter ?<\/strong><\/td><td>Non (sauf dans certains cas d&#039;\u00e9limination limit\u00e9s en vertu de la loi BE 2562)<\/td><td>Yes, freely transferable<\/td><td>Non<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Peut-on le louer ?<\/strong><\/td><td>Yes, up to 30 years (50 years under special laws)<\/td><td>Yes, up to 30 years (50 years under special laws)<\/td><td>Non<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Peut-on l&#039;hypoth\u00e9quer ?<\/strong><\/td><td>Non (droit de bail uniquement ; aucune garantie sur le terrain lui-m\u00eame)<\/td><td>Oui<\/td><td>Non<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Autorit\u00e9 de gestion<\/strong><\/td><td>D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor<\/td><td>D\u00e9partement foncier (enregistrement seulement)<\/td><td>Minist\u00e8re de l&#039;Int\u00e9rieur \/ Gouvernement local.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Titre du document<\/strong><\/td><td>registre du d\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor<\/td><td>Chanote (NS4), NS3G, NS3<\/td><td>Aucun titre priv\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Niveau de loyer<\/strong><\/td><td>En dessous du prix du march\u00e9 (selon la valeur estim\u00e9e)<\/td><td>Prix du march\u00e9 (n\u00e9goci\u00e9 entre les parties)<\/td><td>N \/ A<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Acc\u00e8s \u00e9tranger<\/strong><\/td><td>Limited, through Thai entities, BOI, or EEC<\/td><td>Location uniquement (pas de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 pour les \u00e9trangers, sauf pour les appartements en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9)<\/td><td>Aucun<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>L\u00e9gislation cl\u00e9<\/strong><\/td><td>Ratchaphatsadu Land Act B.E. 2562 (which repealed B.E. 2518)<\/td><td>Land Code B.E. 2497; CCC Sections 537-571<\/td><td>Code foncier ; article 1304 du Code civil canadien<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tax-obligations\">10. Obligations fiscales sur les terres de Ratchaphatsadu<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sous le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/land-and-building-tax\/\">Taxe fonci\u00e8re et immobili\u00e8re<\/a> Act B.E. 2562 (2019), Ratchaphatsadu land leased to private parties may face annual land and building tax. The tax is based on the value of the land and buildings. It is calculated using rates that vary by use category. These include residential, commercial, agricultural, and vacant. Tax rates range from 0.01% to 0.7% of the assessed value, depending on the use classification and the value tier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ratchaphatsadu land used directly by government agencies for governmental purposes is generally exempt from land and building tax. However, when the state leases property to a private lessee for business use, the lessee may pay the taxes. The lease agreement must state this. The Treasury Department\u2019s assessed land value, which is typically below market value, serves as the tax base.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les locataires doivent \u00e9galement prendre en compte les cons\u00e9quences fiscales des constructions ou am\u00e9liorations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es sur les terrains de Ratchaphatsadu. \u00c0 l&#039;expiration du bail, toute construction pr\u00e9sente sur le terrain peut revenir \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat, selon les termes du bail. Le locataire peut percevoir ou non une indemnisation pour ces am\u00e9liorations. Il s&#039;agit d&#039;un aspect commercial crucial qui doit \u00eatre clairement abord\u00e9 lors des n\u00e9gociations du bail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : Loi sur l&#039;imp\u00f4t foncier et immobilier BE 2562 (2019) ; Code des imp\u00f4ts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transfer-revocation\">11. Transfert, r\u00e9vocation et ali\u00e9nation des terres du Tr\u00e9sor<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ratchaphatsadu land cannot be freely transferred or sold in the manner of private land. The rules now sit in <strong>Chapter 5 of the B.E. 2562 Act<\/strong>, which carried the 1975 scheme forward with one significant addition. Under <strong>Article 30<\/strong>, transferring ownership of Ratchaphatsadu land that is public domain set aside for the specific benefit of the State still requires <strong>an Act of Parliament<\/strong>, with a boundary map annexed. Under <strong>Article 31<\/strong>, transferring any other Ratchaphatsadu land follows criteria set by ministerial regulation and <strong>needs Cabinet approval<\/strong>, which the 1975 Act did not require. Separate routes apply where the transfer is for agricultural land reform, for expropriation, or for a government project the Cabinet has already approved. When land reserved for official use is no longer needed, a Royal Decree revokes the reserved status, again with a boundary map attached.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The B.E. 2562 Act did add one genuinely new mechanism, and it runs the other way. Under <strong>Article 32<\/strong>, where Ratchaphatsadu land was acquired by donation and is not put to use within the period the donor set, or within <strong>cinq ans<\/strong> of the gift, the <strong>donor or their heirs may ask for the land back<\/strong>. Nothing comparable existed in 1975.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reference: Ratchaphatsadu Land Act B.E. 2562, Chapter 5, Sections 30 to 32.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decisions\">11. D\u00e9cisions de la Cour supr\u00eame sur les terres de Ratchaphatsadu (\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les arr\u00eats de la Cour supr\u00eame tha\u00eflandaise (San Dika, \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32) interpr\u00e8tent la loi fonci\u00e8re Ratchaphatsadu et les lois connexes relatives \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&#039;\u00c9tat. Ces arr\u00eats fournissent des indications essentielles sur l&#039;application pratique de ces lois. Contrairement aux pays de common law, les d\u00e9cisions des tribunaux tha\u00eflandais ne cr\u00e9ent pas formellement de pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent contraignant. Toutefois, les arr\u00eats de la Cour supr\u00eame jouissent d&#039;une forte influence persuasive. Les juridictions inf\u00e9rieures, les avocats et le Tr\u00e9sor public s&#039;y r\u00e9f\u00e8rent fr\u00e9quemment. Pour les locataires, les investisseurs et les conseillers juridiques, la connaissance de ces d\u00e9cisions de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence est cruciale pour l&#039;\u00e9valuation des risques. Elle leur permet \u00e9galement de g\u00e9rer les litiges relatifs aux terrains domaniaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sc-classification\">11.1 Classification\u00a0:\u00a0ce qui est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&#039;\u00c9tat<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L&#039;une des questions les plus fr\u00e9quentes en droit foncier tha\u00eflandais est de savoir si une parcelle est un terrain Ratchaphatsadu (terrain domanial utilis\u00e9 \u00e0 des fins gouvernementales) ou un terrain priv\u00e9 que les particuliers peuvent poss\u00e9der et vendre librement. La Cour supr\u00eame a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une jurisprudence abondante sur cette question de classification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-no-5200-2566-2023\">Arr\u00eat n\u00b0 5200\/2566 (2023) de la Cour supr\u00eame<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans cette affaire historique, la Cour supr\u00eame s&#039;est pench\u00e9e sur la valeur probante d&#039;un jugement d\u00e9finitif ant\u00e9rieur d\u00e9clarant un terrain propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&#039;\u00c9tat. Le terrain litigieux provenait d&#039;une parcelle d\u00e9j\u00e0 class\u00e9e comme appartenant au domaine public. Ce bien \u00e9tait utilis\u00e9 au profit de l&#039;\u00c9tat, conform\u00e9ment \u00e0 l&#039;article 1304(3) du Code civil et commercial. Les d\u00e9fendeurs ont fait valoir que les parcelles issues de ce lotissement ne devaient pas \u00eatre soumises \u00e0 la m\u00eame classification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Cour supr\u00eame a jug\u00e9 qu&#039;un jugement attribuant la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&#039;un bien \u00e0 une partie peut \u00eatre opposable aux tiers, sauf si ces derniers prouvent avoir des droits sup\u00e9rieurs. Cette d\u00e9cision repose sur l&#039;article 145, paragraphe 2(2), du Code de proc\u00e9dure civile. Les d\u00e9fendeurs s&#039;\u00e9tant content\u00e9s de r\u00e9interpr\u00e9ter des documents existants, ils n&#039;ont pas d\u00e9montr\u00e9 l&#039;existence de droits sup\u00e9rieurs. La Cour a donc confirm\u00e9 le statut de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&#039;\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key Principle: When the Supreme Court classifies land as state property (\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e19\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19), that status applies to all subdivided parcels. Third parties claiming rights must affirmatively prove superior title, merely offering alternative interpretations of existing documents is insufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : arr\u00eat de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 5200\/2566 ; article 1304(3) du CCC ; article 145 du CPC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-no-3169-2564-2021\">D\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 3169\/2564 (2021)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This decision addressed a dispute. The Ministry of Finance registered its name on a land utilization certificate (NS3, Nor Sor 3). It did so after buying the land from one individual. However, the actual occupant, a different person (\u201cS.\u201d), had possessed and cultivated the land for years. Later, S. sold the land to the plaintiff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court ruled that the name appearing on the NS3 creates only a presumption of possessory rights under Section 1373 of the CCC. When the possessor (\u201cS.\u201d) had physical control of the land, \u201cS.\u201d had valid possessory rights under Section 1367. \u201cS.\u201d could also transfer those rights. The Ministry of Finance registered its name after buying it from someone without land ownership. This did not override the rights of the person who actually possessed the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Principe fondamental\u00a0: L\u2019inscription du minist\u00e8re des Finances sur un titre foncier cr\u00e9e une pr\u00e9somption, et non une preuve d\u00e9finitive. La possession physique effective prime sur l\u2019enregistrement papier. Une personne n\u2019ayant jamais pris possession physique d\u2019un terrain ne peut valablement le vendre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat. L\u2019enregistrement ult\u00e9rieur par l\u2019\u00c9tat ne corrige pas ce vice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>One caveat before you rely on this as a Ratchaphatsadu case.<\/strong> The buyer here was the Agricultural Land Reform Office (\u0e2a.\u0e1b.\u0e01.), and Section 36 bis of the Agricultural Land Reform Act B.E. 2518 provides that land it acquires is <strong>pas<\/strong> to be treated as Ratchaphatsadu land. The possession rule the case lays down is general and applies either way, but the land itself sat outside the Ratchaphatsadu regime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reference: \u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 3169\/2564; CCC Sections 1367, 1373; Agricultural Land Reform Act B.E. 2518, Section 36 bis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-the-act-itself-defines-as-ratchaphatsadu-land\">What the Act itself defines as Ratchaphatsadu land<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The definition does not come from case law at all. It is set out in <strong>Section 6 of the Ratchaphatsadu Land Act B.E. 2562 (2019)<\/strong>, which by Section 3 repealed the 1975 Act that older sources still cite. Ratchaphatsadu land is (1) immovable property of the State of every kind, which is why buildings and other structures on state land are included, (2) land reserved or set aside for the specific benefit of the State, and (3) land reserved or set aside for official use under any law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 7 matters just as much, because it lists what is not Ratchaphatsadu land<\/strong>, including vacant and abandoned land under the Land Code, public property for the common use of the people, and the immovable property of state enterprises that are juristic persons and of local administrative organisations. If your plot falls under Section 7, the Treasury Department is not your counterparty.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reference: Ratchaphatsadu Land Act B.E. 2562, Sections 3, 6 and 7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sc-encroachment\">11.2 Empi\u00e8tement et expulsion des terres du Tr\u00e9sor<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les litiges concernant les occupants sans titre des terres de Ratchaphatsadu figurent parmi les affaires de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 publique les plus fr\u00e9quentes devant les tribunaux tha\u00eflandais. La Cour supr\u00eame a confirm\u00e9 le droit de l&#039;\u00c9tat d&#039;expulser les occupants ill\u00e9gaux. Elle a \u00e9galement reconnu les droits des occupants justifiant d&#039;une possession l\u00e9gitime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-no-2103-2565-2022\">D\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 2103\/2565 (2022)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The plaintiff lived on a plot of land in Kanchanaburi Province, paid local taxes, and installed concrete boundary posts. The provincial Treasury Department office (\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e08\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e35) later surveyed the land. It found the land was Ratchaphatsadu property. It also had the features of a public right-of-way. When third parties entered the property to lay drainage pipes, the plaintiff sued for trespass and criminal damage. The Supreme Court held that the land was ultimately state property. Still, the plaintiff\u2019s ongoing physical occupation gave him standing. He could file trespass and property damage claims. The plaintiff\u2019s possessory rights, inherited from his predecessor in title, were enough to maintain the criminal action. This was true even if the state owned the property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Principe cl\u00e9 :<\/strong>\u00a0A person physically occupying Ratchaphatsadu land, even without formal authorization, retains possessory rights that the courts will protect against third-party interference. However, this does not create ownership rights.The occupant is still subject to the Treasury Department\u2019s authority to take back the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u00a0: \u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 2103\/2565\u00a0; Articles 362, 365 et 358 du Code criminel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-no-8649-2560-2017\">Arr\u00eat n\u00b0 8649\/2560 (2017) de la Cour supr\u00eame<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The defendant pleaded guilty to occupying Ratchaphatsadu land, charged under the Land Code and the Forestry Act together, and the prosecution also asked for eviction of the defendant, workers, contractors, agents and dependents. The trial court treated the conduct as <strong>a single act offending several laws<\/strong> and sentenced under the heaviest provision, which is how Section 90 of the Criminal Code works. It is not a case of cumulative penalties under each statute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What the Supreme Court actually decided is narrower and worth knowing if you are charged.<\/strong> It held that <strong>Section 74 bis of the Forestry Act is not an offence-creating provision at all<\/strong>. It only empowers the court to forfeit tools, animals, vehicles and machinery used in committing certain offences, so convicting the defendant under it was wrong. And because the prosecution had not pleaded that anything was seized, there was nothing for the court to forfeit even though the request appeared at the end of the charge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : arr\u00eat de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 8649\/2560 ; Code foncier, articles 9 et 108 ; loi sur les for\u00eats, articles 54 et 55.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sc-lease-disputes\">11.3 Litiges relatifs aux baux et droits de sous-location<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-no-8901-2563-2020\">D\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 8901\/2563 (2020)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This important decision addressed the legal position of sub-lessees on Ratchaphatsadu land. The defendant, the body holding the Ratchaphatsadu area and acting as head lessor, signed a lease with Plaintiff No. 1. Plaintiff No. 1 then subleased the property to Plaintiff No. 2. Plaintiff No. 2 then subleased the property to Plaintiff No. 3.When a dispute arose, Plaintiff No. 3 tried to claim rights directly against the Treasury Department.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court ruled under Section 545 of the CCC.A sub-lessee is directly responsible to the original lessor. This is a one-way obligation. It is a statutory exception to the general rule. Contracts usually bind only the parties who signed them. The Court held that this exception cannot be read in reverse. It does not allow a sub-lessee to bring claims against the original lessor. Because no law gives the sub-lessee rights against the original lessor, Plaintiff No. 3 lacked standing and its claim was dismissed as well.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Principe cl\u00e9 (essentiel pour les locataires)\u00a0:<\/strong>\u00a0Section 545 runs one way only. A sub-lessee is <em>directly liable to<\/em> the head lessor, but acquires <em>no rights against<\/em> it, and the exception cannot be read in reverse. On Ratchaphatsadu land the head lessor is the government body holding the area, which is not necessarily the Treasury Department itself, so identify it from the head lease before assuming who your counterparty is. Either way the sub-lessee must enforce its rights against its own immediate lessor: if the head lease ends, the sub-lessee cannot challenge that decision and can only claim damages from the head lessee.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : arr\u00eat de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 8901\/2563 ; article 545 du CCC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-no-13387-2555-2012\">D\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 13387\/2555 (2012)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two landowners sued four defendants over whether land occupied by an agricultural college was Ratchaphatsadu property. Two of those defendants were the college and the <strong>Singburi provincial Treasury office<\/strong> (\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e35).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The Supreme Court threw those two out of the case, and this is the practical point for anyone planning to sue.<\/strong> It read the body of the complaint rather than the names in the caption, found that both had been sued <strong>as government sub-units<\/strong> rather than as the individuals heading them, and held that a sub-unit which is <strong>not a juristic person cannot be sued at all<\/strong>. The plaintiffs had no power to sue them. A provincial Treasury office is a branch of the Treasury Department, not a legal person in its own right.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Practical effect:<\/strong> name the <strong>D\u00e9partement du Tr\u00e9sor<\/strong> itself, or the ministry the agency sits under. Naming the provincial office will cost you that defendant, and the Court will look at how you pleaded the claim, not at the caption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : arr\u00eat de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 13387\/2555.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sc-title-fraud\">11.4 Retrial Finality: When the Court of Appeal Has the Last Word<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-no-5161-2566-2023\">D\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 5161\/2566 (2023)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>This is a procedural ruling, not a land case, and we include it only for the appeal rule it settles.<\/strong> The underlying prosecution had nothing to do with title deeds: it concerned charges under Section 112 of the Criminal Code, alongside a separate fraud case about a construction contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rule is the useful part, and it applies to any retried criminal case. Once a trial court has reopened a case under the <strong>Criminal Case Retrial Act B.E. 2526<\/strong>, quashed the old judgment and entered a fresh one under Section 13(1), the right of appeal is governed by Section 15. If that fresh judgment goes to the Court of Appeal, <strong>the Court of Appeal decision is final<\/strong> and there is no further appeal to the Supreme Court. A defendant who files one anyway will find it was never properly admitted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence\u00a0: \u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 5161\/2566\u00a0; Loi sur le nouveau proc\u00e8s des affaires p\u00e9nales BE 2526, articles 13 et 15.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sc-jurisdiction\">11.5 Questions de comp\u00e9tence\u00a0: tribunaux civils contre tribunaux administratifs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-no-4818-2562-2019\">D\u00e9cision de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 4818\/2562 (2019)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cette d\u00e9cision de proc\u00e9dure importante a clarifi\u00e9 la fronti\u00e8re entre la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux civils et celle des tribunaux administratifs dans les litiges fonciers de Ratchaphatsadu. Les plaignants avaient intent\u00e9 une action civile contestant la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 d&#039;un d\u00e9cret royal affectant des biens de l&#039;\u00c9tat. Le Comit\u00e9 de r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends en mati\u00e8re de comp\u00e9tence a statu\u00e9 que l&#039;action contestait la l\u00e9galit\u00e9 d&#039;un d\u00e9cret royal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le d\u00e9cret a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9mis ou approuv\u00e9 par le Conseil des ministres. Le Comit\u00e9 a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 que cette question rel\u00e8ve de la comp\u00e9tence exclusive de la Cour administrative supr\u00eame. La Cour supr\u00eame a confirm\u00e9 le caract\u00e8re d\u00e9finitif de la d\u00e9cision du Comit\u00e9. Cette d\u00e9cision est fond\u00e9e sur les articles 10 et 11 de la loi BE 2542 (1999) relative au r\u00e8glement des diff\u00e9rends en mati\u00e8re de comp\u00e9tence. Le tribunal civil doit soit transf\u00e9rer l&#039;affaire, soit la rejeter afin que les parties puissent la saisir \u00e0 nouveau devant la Cour administrative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Principe fondamental\u00a0: Les litiges contestant les d\u00e9crets royaux relatifs aux terres de Ratchaphatsadu doivent \u00eatre port\u00e9s devant la Cour administrative supr\u00eame. Ils ne doivent pas \u00eatre introduits devant les tribunaux civils. Saisir la juridiction incomp\u00e9tente entra\u00eenera le rejet ou le transfert de la requ\u00eate, occasionnant des pertes de temps et des frais consid\u00e9rables pour le justiciable. Il est imp\u00e9ratif que les avocats examinent attentivement les questions de comp\u00e9tence avant d\u2019engager toute proc\u00e9dure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : arr\u00eat de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 4818\/2562 ; loi sur le r\u00e8glement des conflits de comp\u00e9tence B.E. 2542, articles 10 et 11.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sc-conversion\">11.6 Forest Reserve to Ratchaphatsadu Conversion: What a Defamation Case Does and Does Not Settle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-no-321-2568-2025-most-recent\">Supreme Court Decision No. 321\/2568 (2025)<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Read this one carefully, because it is a criminal defamation case and not a ruling on land law.<\/strong> It is included here only because conversion of national forest reserve land into Ratchaphatsadu land was the subject of the accusation. In this case from Phetchabun Province, the defendant put up large vinyl banners. The banners were placed along the Phitsanulok-Lom Sak highway.They accused the provincial governor of seeking Cabinet approval. The approval was to convert national forest reserves into Ratchaphatsadu land.The defendant claimed this would benefit capitalists and politicians. They were allegedly linked to illegal forest encroachment in the Khao Kho area. The banners used language like, \u201cUse Khao Kho as a model to help politicians who take forest land keep it legally.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Cour supr\u00eame a confirm\u00e9 la condamnation pour diffamation. Elle a jug\u00e9 les accusations du pr\u00e9venu infond\u00e9es. Le gouverneur n&#039;avait fait qu&#039;appliquer la politique gouvernementale en vigueur, une mesure parmi d&#039;autres pour lutter contre l&#039;empi\u00e8tement ill\u00e9gal sur les for\u00eats. La Cour a \u00e9galement statu\u00e9 que l&#039;affichage de banderoles publiques ne constituait pas une critique de bonne foi, au sens de l&#039;article 329 du Code p\u00e9nal. Enfin, elle a accord\u00e9 des dommages et int\u00e9r\u00eats d&#039;un montant de 500\u00a0000 bahts pour pr\u00e9judice moral.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Significance for Ratchaphatsadu law, stated precisely.<\/strong> The Court made no ruling on whether converting national forest reserve land (\u0e1b\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34) into Ratchaphatsadu land is lawful, and this case is not authority that it is. What the Court found, in the course of holding the accusation untrue, is narrower: the governor was an official with a duty to protect the forest and had \u201cmerely acted in accordance with the government\u2019s policy at the time, which was only one approach to solving the problem of encroachment on national forest reserves\u201d. That establishes that such a conversion route was being pursued as government policy in the relevant period. It does not establish that the route is legally valid, and nothing in the judgment addresses the question. Treat the conversion mechanism as a policy matter to be checked against the Treasury Department and the governing Act, not as something settled by this decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rence : arr\u00eat de la Cour supr\u00eame n\u00b0 321\/2568 ; Code p\u00e9nal, articles 136, 328 et 329.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sc-practical-lessons\">11.7 Tableau r\u00e9capitulatif\u00a0: Principes cl\u00e9s de la Cour supr\u00eame concernant les terres de Ratchaphatsadu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Question juridique<\/th><th>Num\u00e9ro de dossier.<\/th><th>Ann\u00e9e<\/th><th>Principe cl\u00e9<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>La classification des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;\u00c9tat s&#039;\u00e9tend aux subdivisions.<\/strong><\/td><td>5200\/2566<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>Une fois qu&#039;un terrain est class\u00e9 comme propri\u00e9t\u00e9 de l&#039;\u00c9tat, toutes les parcelles subdivis\u00e9es sont soumises \u00e0 la m\u00eame classification. Les tiers doivent prouver des droits sup\u00e9rieurs.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>La possession effective pr\u00e9vaut sur l&#039;enregistrement papier.<\/strong><\/td><td>3169\/2564<\/td><td>2021<\/td><td>Physical possession trumps the Ministry of Finance\u2019s name on land certificates. Government registration without actual possession is a mere formality.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Les occupants conservent des droits de possession \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9gard des tiers<\/strong><\/td><td>2103\/2565<\/td><td>2022<\/td><td>M\u00eame les occupants sans titre de terres appartenant au Tr\u00e9sor peuvent poursuivre en justice les tiers qui s&#039;y introduisent sans autorisation. Les droits possessifs existent ind\u00e9pendamment de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sub-lessees have no direct claim against the head lessor<\/strong><\/td><td>8901\/2563<\/td><td>2020<\/td><td>CCC s.545 runs one way: a sub-lessee is directly liable to the head lessor but acquires no rights against it. Enforce against your immediate lessor.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Les contestations du d\u00e9cret royal sont port\u00e9es devant le tribunal administratif.<\/strong><\/td><td>4818\/2562<\/td><td>2019<\/td><td>Les litiges relatifs aux d\u00e9crets royaux affectant les biens de l&#039;\u00c9tat rel\u00e8vent de la comp\u00e9tence exclusive de la Cour administrative supr\u00eame.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Forestry Act s.74 bis is a forfeiture power, not an offence<\/strong><\/td><td>8649\/2560<\/td><td>2017<\/td><td>Occupying state land is chargeable under the Land Code and the Forestry Act together, but as one act punished under the heaviest provision. Convicting under s.74 bis, which only allows forfeiture, was wrong.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Provincial Treasury offices CANNOT be sued<\/strong><\/td><td>13387\/2555<\/td><td>2012<\/td><td>A provincial Treasury office is a government sub-unit, not a juristic person, so it cannot be sued. Name the Treasury Department itself.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Not a land-law ruling (defamation case)<\/strong><\/td><td>321\/2568<\/td><td>2025<\/td><td>A criminal defamation judgment. It records that a forest-to-Ratchaphatsadu conversion was being pursued as government policy at the time, but decides nothing about whether the conversion is lawful.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Retrial finality (a procedural rule, not a land case)<\/strong><\/td><td>5161\/2566<\/td><td>2023<\/td><td>Once a case is retried under the Criminal Case Retrial Act, the Court of Appeal decision is final and there is no further appeal to the Supreme Court.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-lessons-for-lessees-and-investors\">Le\u00e7ons pratiques pour les locataires et les investisseurs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les arr\u00eats de la Cour supr\u00eame concernant les terres de Ratchaphatsadu offrent des enseignements pratiques essentiels pour toute personne louant ou effectuant des transactions sur des biens appartenant \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Proc\u00e9der \u00e0 une v\u00e9rification pr\u00e9alable approfondie de la classification des terrains.<\/strong>\u00a0La d\u00e9cision 5200\/2566 d\u00e9montre qu&#039;une fois \u00e9tablie, la classification des biens de l&#039;\u00c9tat est extr\u00eamement difficile \u00e0 remettre en cause. Avant toute transaction fonci\u00e8re susceptible d&#039;avoir des liens avec l&#039;\u00c9tat, v\u00e9rifiez l&#039;historique de classification du bien. Consultez les archives du Tr\u00e9sor et du Service du cadastre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. V\u00e9rifiez la possession r\u00e9elle, et pas seulement les titres de propri\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/strong>\u00a0L&#039;arr\u00eat 3169\/2564 d\u00e9montre que les tribunaux tha\u00eflandais s&#039;attachent \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer qui utilise et occupe le terrain. Ils ne se basent pas uniquement sur le nom figurant sur le certificat. Ce point est crucial lors de l&#039;acquisition de terrains aupr\u00e8s d&#039;entit\u00e9s revendiquant un titre de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&#039;origine gouvernementale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Structurez soigneusement les accords de sous-location.<\/strong>\u00a0La d\u00e9cision 8901\/2563 pr\u00e9cise que les sous-locataires ne disposent d&#039;aucun recours direct contre le Tr\u00e9sor public. Tout contrat de sous-location portant sur des terres de Ratchaphatsadu doit inclure des garanties contractuelles \u00e0 l&#039;encontre du locataire principal. En effet, en cas de r\u00e9siliation du bail principal, le sous-locataire ne peut exercer de recours que contre le locataire principal et non contre l&#039;\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. D\u00e9posez votre dossier aupr\u00e8s du tribunal comp\u00e9tent.<\/strong>\u00a0La d\u00e9cision 4818\/2562 confirme cette r\u00e8gle. Vous devez contester les d\u00e9cisions gouvernementales, y compris les d\u00e9crets royaux et les arr\u00eat\u00e9s minist\u00e9riels, devant le Tribunal administratif. Cette r\u00e8gle s&#039;applique lorsque les d\u00e9cisions concernent des terres relevant de la comp\u00e9tence de Ratchaphatsadu. Ne portez pas ces affaires devant les tribunaux civils. Saisir la mauvaise juridiction entra\u00eene une perte de temps et de ressources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>5. Unauthorized occupation carries criminal liability, but check the sections charged.<\/strong>\u00a0Encroachment on state land is a criminal matter, not merely a civil dispute, and eviction of the occupier and their workers can be ordered with it. The 8649\/2560 decision is a caution on the other side: the courts below convicted under a Forest Act provision that creates no offence, and the Supreme Court quashed that part. Read every section in the charge before advising on exposure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-considerations\">12. Consid\u00e9rations pratiques et risques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La location de terrains \u00e0 Ratchaphatsadu offre des avantages commerciaux, notamment des loyers moins \u00e9lev\u00e9s et l&#039;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des emplacements de choix appartenant \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat. Cependant, elle comporte \u00e9galement des risques sp\u00e9cifiques que les transactions fonci\u00e8res priv\u00e9es n&#039;impliquent pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Aucun int\u00e9r\u00eat de propri\u00e9t\u00e9\u00a0:<\/strong>\u00a0The lessee acquires only a leasehold right, not an ownership interest. The land cannot be used as collateral for a mortgage. Still, the leasehold interest may have some value in financing talks. This limits the lessee\u2019s ability to leverage the property for external financing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Le gouvernement peut se prononcer sur le renouvellement\u00a0:<\/strong>\u00a0Le renouvellement d&#039;un bail n&#039;est pas un droit, mais une faveur. Le Tr\u00e9sor public peut refuser de le renouveler, en modifier les conditions ou r\u00e9affecter le terrain \u00e0 un autre usage. Les locataires qui investissent consid\u00e9rablement dans des am\u00e9liorations devraient n\u00e9gocier des conditions de renouvellement claires et une indemnisation ad\u00e9quate dans le bail initial.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Transf\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 restreinte\u00a0:<\/strong>\u00a0Unlike a private lease, a Ratchaphatsadu lease typically cannot be freely assigned or sublet without the Treasury Department\u2019s prior written consent. This limits the lessee\u2019s ability to exit the arrangement or bring in partners.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>R\u00e9tablissement des am\u00e9liorations :<\/strong>\u00a0Sauf stipulation contraire expresse dans le bail, les constructions et am\u00e9liorations r\u00e9alis\u00e9es par le locataire sur les terres de Ratchaphatsadu peuvent revenir \u00e0 l&#039;\u00c9tat \u00e0 l&#039;expiration du bail. Cela repr\u00e9sente un risque financier majeur, notamment pour les locataires qui investissent massivement dans le d\u00e9veloppement immobilier sur les propri\u00e9t\u00e9s de l&#039;\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Risques politiques et strat\u00e9giques\u00a0:<\/strong>\u00a0La politique gouvernementale concernant les terres de Ratchaphatsadu pourrait \u00e9voluer en fonction des changements d&#039;administration. De nouvelles politiques relatives aux loyers, aux usages autoris\u00e9s ou \u00e0 la dur\u00e9e des baux pourraient impacter les locataires actuels, notamment lors du renouvellement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">13. Foire aux questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1771851188174\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre \u201c tanarak \u201d et \u201c ratchaphatsadu \u201d ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u201cTanarak\u201d (\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c) refers to the Treasury Department itself, the government body that manages state property. \u201cRatchaphatsadu\u201d (\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38) refers to the state property (land and buildings) that the Treasury Department manages. In everyday Thai, people often say \u201c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u201d (tanarak land). They mean Ratchaphatsadu land. They use the managing agency\u2019s name instead of the legal land type.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1771851201595\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Puis-je construire une maison sur un terrain \u00e0 Ratchaphatsadu ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Oui, si le bail autorise la construction r\u00e9sidentielle. De nombreux Tha\u00eflandais construisent des maisons sur des terrains lou\u00e9s \u00e0 Ratchaphatsadu, notamment dans les zones r\u00e9serv\u00e9es au logement. Cependant, le locataire doit examiner attentivement les clauses du bail relatives \u00e0 la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 du b\u00e2timent \u00e0 son expiration.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1771851202698\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Les terrains de Ratchaphatsadu sont-ils moins chers que les terrains priv\u00e9s\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Oui, les loyers des terrains Ratchaphatsadu sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement inf\u00e9rieurs aux prix du march\u00e9 priv\u00e9. Ils sont calcul\u00e9s sur la base de l&#039;\u00e9valuation du Tr\u00e9sor public, et non de la valeur marchande. En contrepartie, on perd tout droit de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 et on est soumis aux restrictions inh\u00e9rentes \u00e0 la location aupr\u00e8s du gouvernement.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1771851204047\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Un bail Ratchaphatsadu peut-il \u00eatre h\u00e9rit\u00e9\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Un bail standard r\u00e9gi par le Code civil et commercial constitue un droit personnel. Il prend fin au d\u00e9c\u00e8s du locataire, sauf si le bail pr\u00e9voit une transmission successorale. En pratique, le Tr\u00e9sor public peut autoriser les h\u00e9ritiers \u00e0 reprendre le bail, mais cette proc\u00e9dure n\u00e9cessite g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement une nouvelle autorisation. Elle n&#039;est pas automatique.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1771851244178\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Que se passe-t-il si je ne respecte pas les termes du bail\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Le Tr\u00e9sor public peut r\u00e9silier le bail en cas de non-paiement du loyer ou de violation des conditions du bail. Le locataire peut alors \u00eatre contraint de quitter les lieux. Il peut \u00e9galement perdre, sans indemnisation, toute construction ou am\u00e9lioration apport\u00e9e au terrain, conform\u00e9ment aux termes du bail.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ratchaphatsadu land represents a substantial and strategically important category of real property in Thailand. With over 12.5 million rai managed by the Treasury Department, it supports government operations nationwide. It also supports businesses, homes, and public institutions across the country. The legal framework is the Ratchaphatsadu Land Act B.E. 2562 (2019), which by its Section 3 repealed the Ratchaphatsadu Land Act B.E. 2518 (1975) outright rather than amending it. It is also supported by the Ministerial Regulations B.E. 2545 (2002). It provides a clear system for administering, leasing, and managing state property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les ressortissants tha\u00eflandais et les entreprises immatricul\u00e9es en Tha\u00eflande, la location de terrains \u00e0 Ratchaphatsadu peut s&#039;av\u00e9rer avantageuse. Elle offre des loyers plus bas, un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s publiques bien situ\u00e9es et une stabilit\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme. Pour les investisseurs \u00e9trangers, les opportunit\u00e9s sont plus limit\u00e9es, mais non inexistantes. Elles existent notamment via les projets promus par le BOI, les d\u00e9veloppements de la zone EEC et les entit\u00e9s \u00e0 majorit\u00e9 tha\u00eflandaise bien structur\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comme pour tous les aspects du droit immobilier tha\u00eflandais, une v\u00e9rification juridique approfondie et le recours \u00e0 un expert sont indispensables. La loi fonci\u00e8re Ratchaphatsadu, le Code foncier, le Code civil et commercial, ainsi que d&#039;autres lois sp\u00e9cifiques, instaurent des r\u00e8gles complexes. Ces r\u00e8gles valorisent une planification rigoureuse et sanctionnent les erreurs d&#039;appr\u00e9ciation.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u201cRatchaphatsadu\u201d (\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e38) literally translates to \u201croyal supplies\u201d or \u201cstate property.\u201d In Thai real estate law, Ratchaphatsadu land means any immovable [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":480,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"leasing state land","rank_math_title":"Ratchaphatsadu Land in Thailand - ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Ratchaphatsadu state land in Thailand: the 1975 and 2019 Acts, how the Treasury Department administers it, who may lease it, and the rents and fees.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Leasing State Land","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-89","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/89","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/89\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":6903,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/89\/revisions\/6903"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/480"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}