{"id":1705,"date":"2025-08-16T23:34:09","date_gmt":"2025-08-16T16:34:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/military-courts-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-10-06T08:51:49","modified_gmt":"2026-10-06T01:51:49","slug":"military-courts-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/military-courts-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Les tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande\u00a0: comprendre la comp\u00e9tence, les proc\u00e9dures et les implications pour la d\u00e9fense"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le syst\u00e8me des tribunaux militaires tha\u00eflandais repr\u00e9sente une structure judiciaire parall\u00e8le qui a eu un impact consid\u00e9rable tant sur les ressortissants tha\u00eflandais que sur les expatri\u00e9s, en particulier apr\u00e8s le coup d'\u00c9tat militaire de 2014. Il est important de comprendre quand la juridiction militaire s'applique. Il est \u00e9galement essentiel de savoir en quoi ces tribunaux diff\u00e8rent des tribunaux civils. Cette connaissance est vitale pour quiconque fait face \u00e0 de possibles poursuites en une telle mati\u00e8re en Tha\u00eflande. Cette analyse compl\u00e8te examine le paysage complexe de la justice militaire et des tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande et fournit des conseils essentiels pour une repr\u00e9sentation juridique efficace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"Tribunal militaire tha\u00eflandais avec banc du juge et embl\u00e8me de Garuda, filigrane ThaiLawOnline\" class=\"wp-image-28108 lazyload\" data-src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/military-courts-in-thailand-thailawonline.png\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP\/\/\/yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><noscript><img loading=\"lazy\" alt=\"Tribunal militaire tha\u00eflandais avec banc du juge et embl\u00e8me de Garuda, filigrane ThaiLawOnline\" class=\"wp-image-28108 lazyload\" decoding=\"async\" height=\"1024\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/military-courts-in-thailand-thailawonline.png\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/military-courts-in-thailand-thailawonline.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/military-courts-in-thailand-thailawonline-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/military-courts-in-thailand-thailawonline-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/military-courts-in-thailand-thailawonline-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/military-courts-in-thailand-thailawonline-1000x1000.png 1000w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/military-courts-in-thailand-thailawonline-250x250.png 250w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/military-courts-in-thailand-thailawonline-120x120.png 120w\" style=\"width:600px\" width=\"1024\"\/><\/noscript><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table des mati\u00e8res<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#historical-context-and-legal-framework\">Contexte historique et cadre juridique des tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#constitutional-and-administrative-structure\">Structure constitutionnelle et administrative<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#when-military-jurisdiction-applies\">Lorsque la juridiction militaire s&#039;applique<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#recent-2025-amendments\">The 2025 Amendment Bill for Military Courts in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#key-differences-from-civilian-courts\">Principales diff\u00e9rences avec les tribunaux civils<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#transparency-and-public-access\">Transparence et acc\u00e8s public<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#defense-implications-and-strategic-considerations\">Implications en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9fense et consid\u00e9rations strat\u00e9giques<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#rights-protection-and-international-standards\">Protection des droits et normes internationales<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#recent-legal-developments-and-future-outlook\">\u00c9volutions juridiques r\u00e9centes et perspectives d&#039;avenir<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#expat-specific-risks-and-case-studies-new-section\">Risques sp\u00e9cifiques aux expatri\u00e9s et \u00e9tudes de cas (Nouvelle section)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#practical-guidance-for-legal-practitioners\">Guide pratique \u00e0 l&#039;intention des praticiens du droit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#latest-2025-developments\">Derni\u00e8res nouveaut\u00e9s pour 2025<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faqs-about-military-courts-in-thailand\">FAQ sur les tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-are-military-courts-in-thailand-and-how-do-they-function-\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23-thai-military-justice-system\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"historical-context-and-legal-framework\"><strong>Contexte historique et cadre juridique<\/strong> des tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le syst\u00e8me des tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande est bas\u00e9 sur le <strong>Loi de 1955 sur l&#039;organisation des tribunaux militaires<\/strong>. Cette loi a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me de tribunaux militaires \u00e0 trois niveaux. Elle comprend des tribunaux de premi\u00e8re instance, des cours d'appel et une instance finale <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/court-of-appeal\/\">cour d'appel<\/a>. Le syst\u00e8me est devenu tr\u00e8s important apr\u00e8s le coup d'\u00c9tat militaire du 22 mai 2014. Le Conseil national pour la paix et l'ordre (NCPO) a consid\u00e9rablement accru le contr\u00f4le militaire sur les affaires civiles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>Annonces du NCPO 37\/2014, 38\/2014, 50\/2014<\/strong> ET <strong>43\/2014<\/strong> a chang\u00e9 le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">syst\u00e8me juridique tha\u00eflandais<\/a>. Ils ont autoris\u00e9 les tribunaux militaires \u00e0 traiter certaines affaires impliquant des civils. Cet \u00e9largissement repr\u00e9sentait une rupture significative avec le r\u00f4le traditionnel des tribunaux militaires, qui se concentraient auparavant principalement sur le personnel militaire et les questions disciplinaires connexes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"constitutional-and-administrative-structure\"><strong>Structure constitutionnelle et administrative<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les tribunaux militaires diff\u00e8rent des tribunaux civils, notamment par leurs proc\u00e9dures et l&#039;application du code p\u00e9nal. Ils fonctionnent selon le principe de la justice militaire. <strong>Minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense<\/strong>. Le <strong>Service du procureur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral militaire<\/strong> Ce dispositif administratif les g\u00e8re. Il cr\u00e9e une diff\u00e9rence structurelle fondamentale qui a une incidence sur l&#039;ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire et les processus d\u00e9cisionnels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La Constitution reconna\u00eet les tribunaux militaires comme l&#039;une des quatre instances judiciaires en Tha\u00eflande. Les trois autres sont la Cour constitutionnelle, les tribunaux administratifs et les tribunaux de justice. Cependant, cette reconnaissance n&#039;a pas dissip\u00e9 les inqui\u00e9tudes quant \u00e0 la conformit\u00e9 des proc\u00e9dures des tribunaux militaires avec les normes internationales relatives au droit \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>Aspect<\/th><th>Tribunaux militaires<\/th><th>Tribunaux civils<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>Composition judiciaire<\/td><td>Panels compos\u00e9s principalement d&#039;officiers militaires (formation juridique limit\u00e9e)<\/td><td>professionnels du droit pleinement qualifi\u00e9s<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Ind\u00e9pendance<\/td><td>Sous le contr\u00f4le du minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense<\/td><td>Un pouvoir judiciaire ind\u00e9pendant<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Droits d&#039;appel<\/td><td>Historiquement limit\u00e9, notamment sous la loi martiale<\/td><td>Attraits et critiques plus g\u00e9n\u00e9raux<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Proc\u00e9dures de mise en libert\u00e9 sous caution<\/td><td>Des crit\u00e8res plus stricts, des montants plus \u00e9lev\u00e9s<\/td><td>Plus flexible, accepte diverses cautions<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Condamnation<\/td><td>Souvent plus s\u00e9v\u00e8re pour des infractions similaires<\/td><td>des moyennes plus cl\u00e9mentes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transparence<\/td><td>S\u00e9ances fr\u00e9quemment ferm\u00e9es<\/td><td>En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral public<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Comparaison des tribunaux militaires et des tribunaux civils en Tha\u00eflande\u00a0: principales diff\u00e9rences pour la d\u00e9fense juridique<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"when-military-jurisdiction-applies\"><strong>Lorsque la juridiction militaire s&#039;applique<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"primary-categories-of-military-court-jurisdiction\"><strong>Principales cat\u00e9gories de comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux militaires<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande exercent leur comp\u00e9tence sur plusieurs cat\u00e9gories distinctes d&#039;affaires, chacune ayant des fondements juridiques et des implications proc\u00e9durales sp\u00e9cifiques\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les affaires militaires n\u00e9cessitent souvent des connaissances particuli\u00e8res sur les tribunaux militaires de la Tha\u00eflande. La juridiction traditionnelle couvre tous les membres actifs des Forces arm\u00e9es royales tha\u00eflandaises. Cela concerne les questions disciplinaires, les infractions commises par le personnel militaire et les violations du r\u00e8glement militaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Affaires civiles faisant l&#039;objet d&#039;annonces du NCPO<\/strong>Entre 2014 et 2016, les tribunaux militaires ont vu leur comp\u00e9tence \u00e9largie en mati\u00e8re de juridiction civile pour\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Offenses contre la monarchie<\/strong> (Articles 107 \u00e0 112 du Code p\u00e9nal, y compris <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/lese-majeste\/\">l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9<\/a><\/em> (en vertu de l&#039;article 112). Les tribunaux militaires pronon\u00e7aient fr\u00e9quemment des peines de 10 ans par chef d&#039;accusation, tandis que les tribunaux civils pronon\u00e7aient en moyenne environ 5 ans par chef d&#039;accusation au cours de cette p\u00e9riode.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>infractions \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale<\/strong> (Articles 113 \u00e0 118 du Code p\u00e9nal)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Violations des ordonnances et annonces du NCPO<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Infractions li\u00e9es aux armes<\/strong>, notamment la possession d&#039;armes \u00e0 feu, de munitions et d&#039;explosifs non autoris\u00e9s datant de la guerre<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Comp\u00e9tence en mati\u00e8re d&#039;infractions connexes<\/strong>: In ordinary times the rule runs the other way. Under section 14 of the Military Court Act, a case is outside military jurisdiction if a person subject to it offended jointly with someone who is not, if it is connected with a case in a civilian court, or if it belongs in the Juvenile and Family Court, and section 15 sends it to the civilian courts. Only under martial law or in wartime can a proclamation extend military jurisdiction to other offences (section 36).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"current-jurisdictional-scope\"><strong>\u00c9tendue juridictionnelle actuelle<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le 12 septembre 2016, le chef du NCPO a \u00e9mis l&#039;ordonnance 55\/2016. Cette ordonnance a suspendu l&#039;ouverture de nouvelles affaires civiles devant les tribunaux militaires pour les infractions commises apr\u00e8s cette date. De nombreuses affaires ant\u00e9rieures \u00e0 2016 sont rest\u00e9es devant ces tribunaux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le 9 juillet 2019, le chef du NCPO a \u00e9mis l&#039;ordonnance 9\/2562. Cette ordonnance abroge les annonces NCPO 37\/2014, 38\/2014, 50\/2014 et 43\/2014. Elle a \u00e9galement transf\u00e9r\u00e9 les affaires civiles restantes aux tribunaux de justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recent-2025-amendments\"><strong>The 2025 Amendment Bill<\/strong> for Military Courts in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 21 January 2025, the cabinet approved a Military Court Act amendment bill in principle. It abolishes the military province courts (their cases go to the military circle courts), lets civilian victims bring their own prosecutions in a military court, and allows appeals against judgments given while martial law is in force, but not in wartime. As of September 2026 the amendments are still a bill: the cabinet approved it in principle on 21 January 2025, and the House of Representatives accepted it in principle on 27 May 2026 and sent it to a 25-member special committee. The Act in force is still the 1955 Act as last amended in 2015 (No. 8 B.E. 2558).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Suppression des tribunaux militaires provinciaux<\/strong> en vertu de param\u00e8tres de juridiction nouvellement d\u00e9finis<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Droits d&#039;acc\u00e8s \u00e9largis<\/strong> autoriser les personnes non militaires \u00e0 porter plainte devant les tribunaux militaires<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Appels<\/strong> against military court judgments given under martial law (but not in wartime)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Conformit\u00e9 aux normes internationales<\/strong>, particuli\u00e8rement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/instruments-mechanisms\/instruments\/international-covenant-civil-and-political-rights\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Article 14 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-differences-from-civilian-courts\"><strong>Principales diff\u00e9rences avec les tribunaux civils<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"judicial-composition-and-qualifications\"><strong>Composition et qualifications judiciaires<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most significant differences between military and civilian courts lies in their judicial composition. A military court of first instance sits as a <strong>three-judge panel<\/strong> (sections 26 and 27 of the Military Court Act) consisting of:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Two officer judges<\/strong>: commissioned officers appointed by the unit or area commander (section 30), who need no legal training.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>One judge advocate<\/strong> (\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e39\u0e0d): a legally trained military judge.<\/li><li>The Central Military Court and the Supreme Military Court sit as five: at the Central court two of the five are judge advocates, at the Supreme court three (sections 28 and 29).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This contrasts sharply with civilian courts, where all judges must undergo rigorous legal training and pass specialized examinations. The lack of legal training for most military court judges is worrying. At first instance two of the three judges on each panel need not have any legal training. This raises concerns about their legal skills and decision-making abilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"independence-and-administrative-control\"><strong>Ind\u00e9pendance et contr\u00f4le administratif<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les juges des tribunaux militaires travaillent pour le <strong>Minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense<\/strong>. Ils sont nomm\u00e9s par les commandants militaires et suivent leurs ordres. Cette structure administrative peut engendrer des conflits avec l&#039;ind\u00e9pendance de la justice. Les juges peuvent en effet subir des pressions de la part de leur hi\u00e9rarchie militaire lorsqu&#039;ils prennent des d\u00e9cisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le <strong>Centre de ressources juridiques asiatiques<\/strong> Des cas ont \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couverts o\u00f9 des juges militaires consultaient leurs sup\u00e9rieurs avant de rendre leurs d\u00e9cisions. Cela r\u00e9v\u00e8le un manque d&#039;ind\u00e9pendance inqui\u00e9tant dans leurs jugements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"procedural-differences-and-rights\"><strong>Diff\u00e9rences proc\u00e9durales et droits<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Droits d&#039;appel<\/strong>Les tribunaux militaires fonctionnent dans des conditions plus restrictives. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/supreme-court-processes-in-thailand-appeal\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">proc\u00e9dures d&#039;appel<\/a> par rapport aux tribunaux civils. Pendant la loi martiale, il n'y avait aucun droit d'appel pour les d\u00e9cisions des tribunaux militaires. La loi martiale a \u00e9t\u00e9 lev\u00e9e en 2015. Les appels sont d\u00e9sormais plus standardis\u00e9s, mais ils restent limit\u00e9s. Cela a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un syst\u00e8me o\u00f9 il n'y a aucun moyen de contester les condamnations injustides. M\u00eame apr\u00e8s la fin de la loi martiale, les proc\u00e9dures d'appel sont rest\u00e9es plus limit\u00e9es que dans les tribunaux civils.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/bail-in-thailand\/\">Proc\u00e9dures de mise en libert\u00e9 sous caution<\/a><\/strong>: Les tribunaux militaires imposent <strong>plus strict <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/bail\/\">caution<\/a> crit\u00e8res<\/strong> que les tribunaux civils. Les principales diff\u00e9rences sont les suivantes\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Rejet des cautions individuelles<\/strong> et le statut de fonctionnaire comme garantie de caution<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Rejet des cautions individuelles<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Des cautions plus \u00e9lev\u00e9es<\/strong> et des conditions plus restrictives<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Limit\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/suretyship\/\">caution<\/a> cat\u00e9gories<\/strong> par rapport \u00e0 la flexibilit\u00e9 des tribunaux civils<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la repr\u00e9sentation juridique<\/strong>Historiquement, les tribunaux militaires ont impos\u00e9 <strong>restrictions \u00e0 la repr\u00e9sentation l\u00e9gale<\/strong> qui n&#039;existent pas dans les tribunaux civils. Il s&#039;agit notamment de\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Disponibilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e des avocats<\/strong> dispos\u00e9 \u00e0 prendre en charge des affaires devant les tribunaux militaires<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Restrictions relatives \u00e0 la copie des dossiers judiciaires<\/strong> dans certaines proc\u00e9dures<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Obstacles \u00e0 l&#039;acc\u00e8s aux documents de l&#039;affaire<\/strong> n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 une pr\u00e9paration efficace de la d\u00e9fense<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sentencing-patterns-and-penalties\"><strong>Mod\u00e8les de condamnation et sanctions<\/strong> devant les tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recherche par <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/cheap-legal-services-in-bangkok\/\">Avocats tha\u00eflandais pour les droits de l&#039;homme <\/a>Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 constat\u00e9 que les tribunaux militaires infligent souvent des peines plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res que les tribunaux civils pour des crimes similaires. Parmi les exemples les plus notables, citons\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>cas de l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9<\/strong>: Les tribunaux militaires ont prononc\u00e9 des peines de <strong>8 \u00e0 10 ans de prison pour chaque chef d&#039;accusation<\/strong>. Dans les tribunaux civils, la moyenne est <strong>5 ans pour chaque compte<\/strong>. Cette disparit\u00e9 a engendr\u00e9 des peines d&#039;une dur\u00e9e sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, y compris des cas o\u00f9 la dur\u00e9e cumul\u00e9e des peines d\u00e9passe 50 ans apr\u00e8s r\u00e9duction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>cas de violation du NCPO<\/strong>Les tribunaux militaires ont fait preuve de constance dans leurs pratiques de condamnation, imposant g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des peines <strong>des sanctions identiques<\/strong> dans des cas similaires, souvent avec <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/suspended-sentence\/\">peines avec sursis<\/a> sur plaider coupable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transparency-and-public-access\"><strong>Transparence et acc\u00e8s public<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les proc\u00e9dures devant les tribunaux militaires manquent souvent de <strong>normes de transparence<\/strong> des tribunaux civils. Les principales pr\u00e9occupations sont les suivantes\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Proc\u00e9dures \u00e0 huis clos<\/strong> in politically sensitive cases, particularly <em>l\u00e8se-majest\u00e9<\/em> cases heard in the Bangkok Military Court<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Acc\u00e8s limit\u00e9 au public et aux m\u00e9dias<\/strong> aux audiences au tribunal<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9sence d&#039;observateurs restreinte<\/strong>, y compris des limitations concernant les membres de la famille et les organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Refus de fournir des copies<\/strong> des ordonnances judiciaires prescrivant des audiences secr\u00e8tes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"defense-implications-and-strategic-considerations\"><strong>Implications en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9fense et consid\u00e9rations strat\u00e9giques<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"understanding-procedural-limitations\"><strong>Comprendre les limites proc\u00e9durales<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les avocats repr\u00e9sentant des clients devant les tribunaux militaires doivent naviguer <strong>des paysages proc\u00e9duraux sensiblement diff\u00e9rents<\/strong> par rapport \u00e0 la pratique des tribunaux civils. Les principaux points \u00e0 prendre en compte sont les suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Gestion du calendrier<\/strong>Les tribunaux militaires tiennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des audiences <strong>tous les 2 \u00e0 3 mois<\/strong>. Cette planification irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re pose des probl\u00e8mes pour\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9paration et disponibilit\u00e9 des t\u00e9moins<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Continuit\u00e9 de la pr\u00e9sentation des preuves<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>P\u00e9riodes de d\u00e9tention des clients<\/strong> cela peut durer beaucoup plus longtemps que devant les tribunaux civils<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bail-strategy-development\"><strong>\u00c9laboration de strat\u00e9gies de mise en libert\u00e9 sous caution<\/strong> devant les tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Military courts have been stricter on bail than civilian courts, so a bail application needs more preparation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Exigences de documentation am\u00e9lior\u00e9es<\/strong>Les tribunaux militaires exigent des preuves plus compl\u00e8tes de\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Liens communautaires<\/strong> et l&#039;att\u00e9nuation des risques de vol<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>stabilit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re<\/strong> par le biais de formes de cautionnement acceptables<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Historique de conformit\u00e9<\/strong> avec des obligations l\u00e9gales<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Solutions de cautionnement alternatives<\/strong>: Depuis les tribunaux militaires <strong>rejeter les cautions individuelles et les cautions de cautionnement<\/strong>, les \u00e9quipes d\u00e9fensives doivent se pr\u00e9parer :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Garanties immobili\u00e8res<\/strong> arrangements<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Garanties institutionnelles<\/strong> des organisations acceptables<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9paration des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts en esp\u00e8ces<\/strong> pour des montants sup\u00e9rieurs aux cautions civiles habituelles<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-strategy-adaptation\"><strong>Adaptation de la strat\u00e9gie de cas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>N\u00e9gociations de plaidoyer<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La dur\u00e9e excessive de la d\u00e9tention et la lenteur des audiences incitent les accus\u00e9s \u00e0 plaider coupable afin d&#039;obtenir des peines plus l\u00e9g\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les strat\u00e9gies de d\u00e9fense doivent trouver un \u00e9quilibre\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Difficult\u00e9s li\u00e9es \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention provisoire<\/strong> contre les avantages de la pr\u00e9paration du proc\u00e8s<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>potentiel de r\u00e9duction de peine<\/strong> par le biais des aveux de culpabilit\u00e9 pr\u00e9coces par rapport aux chances d&#039;acquittement<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 long terme<\/strong> des condamnations prononc\u00e9es par les tribunaux militaires concernant le statut d&#039;immigration et l&#039;emploi<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pr\u00e9sentation des preuves<\/strong>: Le <strong>fr\u00e9quence auditive limit\u00e9e<\/strong> n\u00e9cessite une planification minutieuse pour :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Witness scheduling<\/strong> sur des p\u00e9riodes prolong\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Continuit\u00e9 des preuves<\/strong> maintenance sur plusieurs mois ou ann\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Coordination des t\u00e9moignages d&#039;experts<\/strong> dans des fen\u00eatres d&#039;audition restreintes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Planification des appels<\/strong>: Compte tenu du <strong>droits d&#039;appel limit\u00e9s<\/strong> Historiquement associ\u00e9e aux tribunaux militaires, la pr\u00e9paration de la d\u00e9fense doit inclure\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A comprehensive trial record<\/strong> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/court-of-first-instance\/\">tribunal de premi\u00e8re instance<\/a>, for potential appeals<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Pr\u00e9paration \u00e0 la contestation constitutionnelle<\/strong> concernant la comp\u00e9tence judiciaire<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>coordination internationale du plaidoyer<\/strong> pour les cas impliquant des pr\u00e9occupations relatives aux droits de l&#039;homme<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rights-protection-and-international-standards\"><strong>Protection des droits et normes internationales<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les avocats de la d\u00e9fense doivent \u00eatre conscients de <strong>pr\u00e9occupations persistantes<\/strong> concernant le respect par les tribunaux militaires des normes internationales relatives \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable. Les principaux points de plaidoyer sont les suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire<\/strong>: Le <strong>contr\u00f4le des tribunaux militaires<\/strong> Le minist\u00e8re de la D\u00e9fense soul\u00e8ve des raisons de contester les d\u00e9cisions en se fondant sur\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Absence de tribunal ind\u00e9pendant<\/strong> exigences de l&#039;article 14 du Pacte international relatif aux droits civils et politiques<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Influence du commandement<\/strong> pr\u00e9occupations li\u00e9es \u00e0 la prise de d\u00e9cision judiciaire<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>biais structurel<\/strong> arguments concernant le jugement des civils par le personnel militaire<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Normes d&#039;\u00e9galit\u00e9 en mati\u00e8re de justice<\/strong>: Le <strong>disparit\u00e9 dans les qualifications juridiques<\/strong> Les arguments en faveur de la confrontation entre juges militaires et civils soutiennent les points suivants\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Tribunal comp\u00e9tent<\/strong> contestations au regard du droit international<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>violations du droit \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable<\/strong> fond\u00e9 sur une expertise juridique insuffisante<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Traitement discriminatoire<\/strong> r\u00e9clamations concernant des accus\u00e9s civils devant les tribunaux militaires<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recent-legal-developments-and-future-outlook\"><strong>\u00c9volutions juridiques r\u00e9centes et perspectives d&#039;avenir<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2025-military-court-act-amendments\"><strong>The 2025 Military Court Act Amendment Bill<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The bill approved by the cabinet in January 2025 would be the most significant military court reform since the system\u2019s establishment, if enacted. As of September 2026 the amendments are still a bill: the cabinet approved it in principle on 21 January 2025, and the House of Representatives accepted it in principle on 27 May 2026 and sent it to a 25-member special committee. The Act in force is still the 1955 Act as last amended in 2015 (No. 8 B.E. 2558). Its key changes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>R\u00e9organisation structurelle<\/strong>: Le <strong>suppression des tribunaux militaires provinciaux<\/strong> rationalise le syst\u00e8me tout en am\u00e9liorant potentiellement l&#039;allocation des ressources et le contr\u00f4le de la qualit\u00e9 judiciaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Am\u00e9lioration de l&#039;acc\u00e8s des civils<\/strong>: The bill would let <strong>civilian victims file cases<\/strong> in military courts; today section 49 lets only the military prosecutor, or a victim who is himself subject to military jurisdiction, prosecute. This gives civilians a chance to seek justice in cases with military personnel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Droits d&#039;appel am\u00e9lior\u00e9s<\/strong>: Section 61 of the current Act bars any appeal from a military court sitting in abnormal times, meaning war or martial law. The bill would allow appeals under martial law, but still not in wartime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ongoing-human-rights-concerns\"><strong>Pr\u00e9occupations persistantes en mati\u00e8re de droits de l&#039;homme<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malgr\u00e9 les r\u00e9formes, d&#039;importantes pr\u00e9occupations subsistent quant au fonctionnement des tribunaux militaires. Parmi les d\u00e9veloppements r\u00e9cents, on peut citer\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Cas de torture et de mauvais traitements<\/strong>: On 27 May 2025, two army instructors and eleven senior conscripts were convicted over the 2024 death of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-military-service\/\">conscript<\/a>, the first convictions under the <strong>Loi sur la pr\u00e9vention et la r\u00e9pression de la torture et des disparitions forc\u00e9es<\/strong>. The case was tried in a civilian court, the Central Criminal Court for Corruption and Misconduct Cases Region 2, not a military court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/glossary\/prescription\/\">D\u00e9lai de prescription<\/a> Probl\u00e8mes<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Military courts apply the same Criminal Code limitation periods as the civilian courts; what differs is who can prosecute and where.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tak_Bai_incident\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u00a0<strong>Affaire du massacre de Tak Bai<\/strong><\/a> The Tak Bai prosecutions were brought in the civilian Narathiwat Provincial Court, and the 20-year limitation period under the Criminal Code expired on 25 October 2024 before any defendant was brought to court, ending criminal accountability.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Influence de la Cour constitutionnelle<\/strong>La Cour constitutionnelle a dissous le <strong>Parti de l&#039;avenir<\/strong> in August 2024. The ruling concerned the party\u2019s campaign to amend Criminal Code section 112 and shows the limits on debate about that reform; it was a Constitutional Court case and had nothing to do with the military courts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"expat-specific-risks-and-case-studies-new-section\">Risques sp\u00e9cifiques aux expatri\u00e9s et \u00e9tudes de cas (Nouvelle section)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">En tant qu&#039;expatri\u00e9 en Tha\u00eflande, vous pouvez g\u00e9rer une entreprise ou \u00eatre mari\u00e9(e) \u00e0 un(e) Tha\u00eflandais(e). Vous pourriez \u00eatre confront\u00e9(e) \u00e0 des tribunaux militaires dans des circonstances inattendues. Cela peut se produire lors de litiges fonciers concernant des propri\u00e9t\u00e9s militaires ou des violations pass\u00e9es du Code national de la paix et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (NCPO) li\u00e9es \u00e0 des transactions commerciales apr\u00e8s le coup d&#039;\u00c9tat. Nous avons assist\u00e9 un client am\u00e9ricain accus\u00e9 de possession d&#039;armes vers 2015, juste apr\u00e8s l&#039;attentat du sanctuaire Erawan \u00e0 Bangkok. Compte tenu des circonstances, il lui \u00e9tait impossible d&#039;obtenir une lib\u00e9ration sous caution, car un autre acte de terrorisme s&#039;\u00e9tait produit simultan\u00e9ment. La peur r\u00e9gnait durant ces ann\u00e9es. L&#039;\u00e9quipe de ThaiLawOnline est sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans ce type de situations et veille \u00e0 prendre en compte les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s culturelles et juridiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-guidance-for-legal-practitioners\"><strong>Guide pratique \u00e0 l&#039;intention des praticiens du droit<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"initial-case-assessment\"><strong>\u00c9valuation initiale du cas<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsque la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux militaires semble probable, les praticiens doivent imm\u00e9diatement \u00e9valuer\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>D\u00e9fis juridictionnels<\/strong>: D\u00e9terminer s&#039;il existe des motifs pour <strong>contester la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux militaires<\/strong> \u00e0 travers:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Comit\u00e9 sur la comp\u00e9tence des tribunaux<\/strong> p\u00e9titions en vertu des dispositions constitutionnelles<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>contestations devant la Cour constitutionnelle<\/strong> concernant les poursuites civiles devant les tribunaux militaires<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>arguments de droit international<\/strong> fond\u00e9 sur des violations du droit \u00e0 un proc\u00e8s \u00e9quitable<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Planification du calendrier<\/strong>: Compte rendu de <strong>dur\u00e9e prolong\u00e9e des proc\u00e9dures<\/strong> in military courts when advising clients, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P\u00e9riodes de d\u00e9tention potentielles<\/strong> avant la r\u00e9solution de l&#039;affaire<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>co\u00fbts financiers<\/strong> associ\u00e9s \u00e0 des proc\u00e9dures judiciaires prolong\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Impacts personnels et professionnels<\/strong> d&#039;incertitude \u00e9tendue<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"client-communication-and-expectations\"><strong>Communication et attentes des clients<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Exigences de transparence<\/strong>Les clients doivent comprendre que <strong>diff\u00e9rences fondamentales<\/strong> entre les syst\u00e8mes judiciaires militaires et civils, notamment\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>droits d&#039;appel limit\u00e9s<\/strong> et des d\u00e9lais prolong\u00e9s<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Des mod\u00e8les de condamnation plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res<\/strong> historiquement observ\u00e9 dans les tribunaux militaires<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Restrictions proc\u00e9durales<\/strong> qui pourraient avoir un impact sur la pr\u00e9paration de la d\u00e9fense<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Options strat\u00e9giques<\/strong>Discuter des strat\u00e9gies disponibles, notamment\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>D\u00e9fis juridictionnels<\/strong> et leurs chances de succ\u00e8s<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Plaidoyer international<\/strong> opportunit\u00e9s pour les cas fond\u00e9s sur les droits de l&#039;homme<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Engagement m\u00e9diatique et diplomatique<\/strong> pour les cas ayant des implications internationales<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"collaboration-with-international-organizations\"><strong>Collaboration avec les organisations internationales<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Compte tenu des pr\u00e9occupations persistantes concernant la conformit\u00e9 des tribunaux militaires aux normes internationales, les praticiens devraient prendre en consid\u00e9ration\u00a0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Documentation sur les droits de l&#039;homme<\/strong>Collaborer avec des organisations comme <strong>Avocats tha\u00eflandais pour les droits de l&#039;homme<\/strong> documenter les violations de proc\u00e9dure et constituer des dossiers en faveur d&#039;une r\u00e9forme syst\u00e9mique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Plaidoyer international<\/strong>: Collaborer avec des organismes internationaux tels que <strong>Commission internationale de juristes<\/strong> pour les cas impliquant d&#039;importantes pr\u00e9occupations en mati\u00e8re de droits de l&#039;homme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Recherche universitaire et politique<\/strong>Contribuer aux recherches en cours documentant les pratiques des tribunaux militaires afin de soutenir les futures r\u00e9formes juridiques et politiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"latest-2025-developments\">Derni\u00e8res nouveaut\u00e9s pour 2025<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As of September 2026:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Key update: the cabinet approved the Military Court Act amendment bill in principle on 21 January 2025, and the House of Representatives accepted it in principle on 27 May 2026 and sent it to a special committee. It is not yet law.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La derni\u00e8re r\u00e9vision : 27 septembre 2026.<\/strong> The Military Court Act B.E. 2498 as amended to No. 8 B.E. 2558 was read in Thai (sections 13 to 17, 26 to 30, 36, 49 and 61). The status of the 2025 amendment bill and the 2025 torture-act convictions were checked against Thai and international press. Not re-checked for this review: the sentencing and bail comparisons attributed to human-rights organisations, the NCPO announcement numbers, and the client example. Re-checked on 6 October 2026: Military Court Act sections 13, 45 and 46, Military Penal Code sections 7 and 8 and Penal Code section 18 read in Thai; three FAQ answers corrected (military courts try criminal offences; rank reduction and confinement to barracks are disciplinary punishments imposed by commanders, not court sentences; procedure follows section 45); the 2026 status of the amendment bill was not re-checked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs-about-military-courts-in-thailand\">FAQ sur les tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755362145176\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Que sont les tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande et comment fonctionnent-ils (le syst\u00e8me de justice militaire tha\u00eflandais) ?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Military courts in Thailand (\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23) are special courts. Under section 13 of the Military Court Act they try criminal offences, against military law or any other criminal law, committed by people who were subject to military court jurisdiction at the time, mainly members of the Royal Thai Armed Forces. They operate separately from the civilian criminal courts. Proceedings are led by judges, not a jury. At first instance a panel is two officers and one legally trained judge advocate. Desertion and insubordination are crimes under the Military Penal Code, but minor cases of many military offences are treated as breaches of discipline and punished by the commanding officer, not by a court (Military Penal Code sections 7 and 8).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755362146648\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Qu\u2019est-ce que le tribunal militaire de Bangkok et quand est-il utilis\u00e9 (juridiction, lieu et transfert des affaires)\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>The Bangkok Military Court usually hears cases that happen in its area. This includes offenses related to units based in the capital and central regions. Elsewhere, first-instance military courts sit by military province and military circle, and there are unit courts (section 17). Venue usually depends on where the crime happened or where the accused is located. However, cases can be moved for security, to help witnesses, or to combine with related cases. Venue shifted after 2019 due to the transfer of civilian cases<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755362257881\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Les civils peuvent-ils \u00eatre jug\u00e9s par des tribunaux militaires en Tha\u00eflande (loi martiale, mesures d&#039;urgence, pratique historique)\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Military courts try people subject to military jurisdiction, mainly service members (section 16). Civilians can be tried there when martial law or a wartime proclamation extends military jurisdiction (section 36), as NCPO announcements did from 2014 until Order 55\/2016 and Order 9\/2562. In the past, some security-related crimes by civilians went to military courts in special situations. At other times, these cases went back to regular criminal courts. Since rules can change with new laws and announcements, anyone facing a charge should look at the forum. They should check for information about their specific offense and the relevant timeframe.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755362273637\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">En quoi les proc\u00e9dures des tribunaux militaires tha\u00eflandais diff\u00e8rent-elles de celles des tribunaux p\u00e9naux civils (caution, preuves, d\u00e9lais)\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Military criminal procedure follows military laws and regulations first; where they are silent the Criminal Procedure Code applies with the necessary changes, and then the Civil Procedure Code (Military Court Act section 45). There is no jury; panels of military judges hear evidence and render verdicts. A suspect who is subject to military jurisdiction can be held in custody on a commander&#8217;s order, modelled on disciplinary confinement under the military discipline law (section 46). Bail has historically been harder to obtain than in the civilian courts (see above), and complex security cases can take years. Purely disciplinary matters do not come before the court at all.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755362288002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Quels sont les droits des accus\u00e9s devant les tribunaux militaires tha\u00eflandais (repr\u00e9sentation l\u00e9gale, interpr\u00e8tes, appels)\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Quels sont les droits des accus\u00e9s devant les tribunaux militaires tha\u00eflandais (repr\u00e9sentation l\u00e9gale, interpr\u00e8tes, appels)\u00a0?<br \/>Les accus\u00e9s, qu&#039;ils soient militaires ou civils, b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient de droits de d\u00e9fense importants. Ceux-ci comprennent la pr\u00e9somption d&#039;innocence et le droit de choisir un avocat. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/cheap-legal-services-in-bangkok\/\">Avocats tha\u00eflandais agr\u00e9\u00e9s <\/a>Ils peuvent les repr\u00e9senter. Ils ont \u00e9galement acc\u00e8s aux dossiers, sous r\u00e9serve de certaines restrictions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9. Les personnes ne parlant pas tha\u00ef peuvent b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier des services d&#039;un interpr\u00e8te. De plus, ils peuvent citer et interroger des t\u00e9moins. Il existe des voies de recours devant la justice militaire. Dans certains cas, un r\u00e9examen peut \u00eatre possible en vertu de certaines lois.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755362357908\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Quelles sanctions les tribunaux militaires peuvent-ils imposer en Tha\u00eflande (condamnation, renvoi, confiscation)\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>A military court imposes the penalties of the criminal law: death, imprisonment, confinement, fine and forfeiture of property (Penal Code section 18), for offences under the Penal Code, the Military Penal Code or any other criminal law. Reduction in rank and confinement to barracks are not court sentences: they are disciplinary punishments imposed by a commanding officer under the military discipline law. A service member convicted in court may also face separate administrative discharge.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755362366072\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">Que doivent savoir les \u00e9trangers s&#039;ils sont convoqu\u00e9s ou inculp\u00e9s (acc\u00e8s consulaire, documents, aide de ThaiLawOnline)\u00a0?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Les ressortissants \u00e9trangers doivent imm\u00e9diatement se faire assister d&#039;un interpr\u00e8te. Ils doivent \u00e9galement contacter leur ambassade ou leur consulat pour obtenir de l&#039;aide. Il est important de faire appel \u00e0 un avocat de la d\u00e9fense agr\u00e9\u00e9 en Tha\u00eflande et connaissant les proc\u00e9dures militaires. Munissez-vous de votre pi\u00e8ce d&#039;identit\u00e9, de vos documents relatifs \u00e0 votre service militaire (le cas \u00e9ch\u00e9ant) et des traductions certifi\u00e9es de tous les documents \u00e9trangers. Les convocations au tribunal peuvent exiger votre pr\u00e9sence dans les d\u00e9lais impartis devant une garnison ou un tribunal militaire r\u00e9gional. ThaiLawOnline peut vous aider \u00e0 comprendre la proc\u00e9dure, la repr\u00e9sentation et les traductions. Ils peuvent vous expliquer les diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9tapes, coordonner les d\u00e9p\u00f4ts de documents et adapter votre d\u00e9fense au droit tha\u00eflandais.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-military-courts-in-thailand-and-how-do-they-function-\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23-thai-military-justice-system\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le syst\u00e8me des tribunaux militaires tha\u00eflandais continue d'\u00e9voluer \u00e0 la suite des expansions significatives de la p\u00e9riode post-coup d'\u00c9tat de 2014. Les r\u00e9formes r\u00e9centes ont corrig\u00e9 certains probl\u00e8mes li\u00e9s aux poursuites de civils devant les tribunaux militaires. Cependant, des probl\u00e8mes majeurs subsistent. Ces probl\u00e8mes affectent la qualit\u00e9 de la justice et le respect des normes internationales r\u00e9gissant l'\u00e9quit\u00e9 des proc\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les avocats qui repr\u00e9sentent des clients devant les tribunaux militaires sont confront\u00e9s \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me complexe. Ce syst\u00e8me a <strong>ind\u00e9pendance judiciaire limit\u00e9e<\/strong>, <strong>proc\u00e9dures strictes<\/strong>, et <strong>peines plus s\u00e9v\u00e8res<\/strong> que les tribunaux civils. Une repr\u00e9sentation efficace exige une compr\u00e9hension approfondie de ces limitations, tout en optimisant les possibilit\u00e9s de protection des droits et de d\u00e9fense des int\u00e9r\u00eats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Military Court Act amendment bill, if enacted, would bring real reform. However, lawyers must stay alert to protect client rights. They should also push for improvements that match Thailand\u2019s military justice system with international human rights standards. As Thailand builds its democracy, the military court system will reveal the country\u2019s commitment to the rule of law. It will also show how much Thailand values independence in its courts. This is important for military courts set up after May 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour les expatri\u00e9s et les ressortissants \u00e9trangers en Tha\u00eflande, il est essentiel de comprendre ces dynamiques. Cette connaissance leur permet de faire face aux difficult\u00e9s juridiques et de b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier d&#039;une assistance juridique \u00e9quitable et efficace, notamment lorsque les r\u00e8gles des tribunaux militaires sont en vigueur. Ceci est particuli\u00e8rement important dans les affaires relevant de la juridiction tha\u00eflandaise.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thailand&rsquo;s military court system represents a parallel judicial structure that has significantly impacted both Thai nationals and expatriates, particularly following the 2014 military coup. It is important to understand when military jurisdiction applies. Knowing how these courts differ from civilian ones is also key. This knowledge is vital for anyone facing possible prosecution in Thailand. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"military court","rank_math_title":"Military Courts in Thailand - ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Military courts in Thailand: when their jurisdiction applies, how they differ from civilian courts in composition and procedure, and the 2025 changes.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Military Court","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1705","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law-in-thailand","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1705","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1705"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1705\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9547,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1705\/revisions\/9547"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1705"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1705"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1705"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}