{"id":2596,"date":"2026-07-12T11:33:37","date_gmt":"2026-07-12T04:33:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/?p=2596"},"modified":"2026-07-18T22:14:42","modified_gmt":"2026-07-18T15:14:42","slug":"risks-of-buying-property-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/risks-of-buying-property-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Les risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#039;achat d&#039;un bien immobilier en Tha\u00eflande : Guide juridique complet pour les \u00e9trangers"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand&#8217;s property market attracts thousands of foreign buyers each year with its tropical lifestyle, affordable prices, and world-class condominiums. But behind the dream lies a legal landscape filled with risks, including the significant <strong>Risks of Buying Property in Thailand<\/strong>, that can cost you your entire investment. From nominee company crackdowns to fraudulent title deeds, understanding these risks before you sign anything is not optional: it is essential.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#the-legal-framework-what-foreigners-can-and-cannot-own\">The Legal Framework: What Foreigners Can and Cannot Own<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#risk-1-the-nominee-company-trap\">Risk #1: The Nominee Company Trap<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#risk-2-title-deed-fraud-and-weak-land-titles\">Risk #2: Title Deed Fraud and Weak Land Titles<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#risk-3-developer-fraud-and-off-plan-disasters\">Risk #3: Developer Fraud and Off-Plan Disasters<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#risk-4-condominium-foreign-quota-problems\">Risk #4: Condominium Foreign Quota Problems<\/a><ul><li><a href=\"#the-49-foreign-quota\">The 49% Foreign Quota<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#foreign-exchange-requirements\">Foreign Exchange Requirements<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#juristic-person-management-risks\">Juristic Person Management Risks<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li><a href=\"#risk-5-lease-agreement-pitfalls\">Risk #5: Lease Agreement Pitfalls<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#risk-6-dispute-resolution-disadvantages\">Risk #6: Dispute Resolution Disadvantages<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#risk-7-environmental-zoning-and-construction-issues\">Risk #7: Environmental, Zoning, and Construction Issues<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-to-protect-yourself-a-due-diligence-checklist\">How to Protect Yourself: A Due Diligence Checklist<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#safer-legal-alternatives-for-foreign-property-buyers\">Safer Legal Alternatives for Foreign Property Buyers<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#advanced-property-rights-superficies-usufruct-and-sap-ing-sith\">Advanced Property Rights: Superficies, Usufruct, and Sap-Ing-Sith<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#property-rights-comparison-2026-legal-framework\">Property Rights Comparison: 2026 Legal Framework<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#conclusion-protect-your-investment-by-understanding-the-risks\">Conclusion: Protect Your Investment by Understanding the Risks<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-legal-framework-what-foreigners-can-and-cannot-own\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Legal Framework: What Foreigners Can and Cannot Own<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before examining the specific risks, it is crucial to understand the legal boundaries that apply to foreign property buyers in Thailand. The starting point is the&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-land-code\/\">Land Code Act B.E. 2497 (1954)<\/a><\/strong>, which contains the foundational restriction that shapes every foreign property transaction in the country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-86\">Land Code Act, Section 86<\/a>:<\/strong>&nbsp;Foreigners are prohibited from owning land in Thailand, except under very limited exceptions (such as inheritance under Section 93, or the investment exception under Section 96 bis requiring a minimum THB 40 million investment for up to one rai of residential land).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the&nbsp;<strong>Condominium Act B.E. 2522 (1979)<\/strong>, foreigners may own condominium units outright \u2014 but only if total foreign ownership in the building does not exceed 49% of the registrable floor area (Section 19). This is the only straightforward form of freehold property ownership available to most foreign buyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>Civil and Commercial Code (CCC)<\/strong>&nbsp;provides additional legal mechanisms for foreigners to use and occupy land without owning it. Sections 537\u2013571 govern lease agreements (maximum 30 years), while Sections 1410\u20131416 establish the right of superficies, which allows a foreigner to own a building on land owned by someone else. Section 1417 covers&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/\">usufruct agreements<\/a>, granting the right to possess, use, and enjoy the fruits of another person&#8217;s property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding these restrictions is critical because many of the risks that follow stem from foreigners trying to work around them through structures that Thai authorities increasingly view as illegal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"risk-1-the-nominee-company-trap\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk #1: The Nominee Company Trap<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The single greatest legal risk facing foreign property buyers in Thailand is the use of&nbsp;<strong>nominee structures<\/strong>&nbsp;to circumvent land ownership restrictions. This typically involves setting up a Thai limited company where Thai nationals hold the majority of shares on paper, while the foreigner controls the company and, through it, the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Critical Warning:<\/strong>&nbsp;Using Thai nominees to hold land on behalf of a foreigner violates the&nbsp;<strong>Land Code Act<\/strong>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<strong>Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 (1999)<\/strong>. In 2024\u20132025, the Thai government intensified crackdowns on nominee arrangements, with the Department of Business Development (DBD) and provincial land offices actively investigating foreign-controlled Thai companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The penalties for using nominee structures are severe and getting worse. Foreigners found guilty face&nbsp;<strong>up to three years imprisonment<\/strong>&nbsp;and fines of&nbsp;<strong>up to THB 1 million<\/strong>. The company faces forced dissolution, and the land must be sold \u2014 often at a steep loss under court-ordered timelines. In addition, deportation and blacklisting from re-entering Thailand are real possibilities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recent enforcement actions in Phuket, Koh Samui, and Hua Hin have targeted hundreds of foreign-controlled companies. The DBD now uses data analytics to flag companies where Thai shareholders appear to be nominees \u2014 for example, where they have minimal income, hold shares in multiple property-holding companies, or where the foreign director has sole signatory authority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more on how Thai authorities are pursuing these cases, see our detailed analysis:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/recent-crackdowns-on-nominees-in-thailand-the-law-and-court-cases\/\">Recent Crackdowns on Nominees in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"risk-2-title-deed-fraud-and-weak-land-titles\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk #2: Title Deed Fraud and Weak Land Titles<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not all Thai land titles carry the same legal weight, and failing to understand the difference can mean losing your investment entirely. Thailand has several categories of land documents, and only one \u2014 the&nbsp;<strong>Chanote (Nor Sor 4)<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 provides genuine freehold title with GPS-surveyed boundaries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Title Type<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Legal Status<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Risk Level<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Can Be Mortgaged?<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Chanote (Nor Sor 4)<\/strong><\/td><td>Full freehold ownership, GPS-surveyed<\/td><td>Lowest<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Nor Sor 3 Gor<\/strong><\/td><td>Confirmed right of possession, surveyed<\/td><td>Low-Medium<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Nor Sor 3<\/strong><\/td><td>Right of possession, approximate boundaries<\/td><td>Medium<\/td><td>Yes (limited)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sor Kor 1<\/strong><\/td><td>Claim certificate only \u2014 not full ownership<\/td><td>High<\/td><td>No<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Por Bor Tor 5<\/strong><\/td><td>Tax receipt \u2014 no ownership rights at all<\/td><td>Very High<\/td><td>No<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fraudsters frequently target foreigners by presenting&nbsp;<strong>Sor Kor 1<\/strong>&nbsp;or&nbsp;<strong>Por Bor Tor 5<\/strong>&nbsp;documents as if they convey land ownership, when in reality they do not. Even with a Chanote, fraud is possible \u2014 duplicate title deeds have been forged and used to sell the same plot of land to multiple buyers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Protection:<\/strong>&nbsp;Always verify the title deed at the local Land Office (not just the document in the seller&#8217;s hand) before any transaction. Have your lawyer conduct a title search to confirm ownership, check for encumbrances, and verify that the physical boundaries match the recorded survey. For a detailed explanation of Thai land titles, see our guide:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/title-deeds-in-thailand\/\">Title Deeds in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"risk-3-developer-fraud-and-off-plan-disasters\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk #3: Developer Fraud and Off-Plan Disasters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buying off-plan (pre-construction) property in Thailand carries significant risk, particularly outside of Bangkok where regulatory oversight is thinner. Common developer fraud scenarios include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Abandoned projects:<\/strong>&nbsp;The developer collects deposits and installment payments, then stops construction when cash runs out. Buyers are left with no property and little legal recourse against an insolvent company.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Specification downgrades:<\/strong>&nbsp;The finished unit bears little resemblance to the showroom or marketing materials. Construction quality, fittings, and communal facilities fall far below what was promised.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Title problems:<\/strong>&nbsp;The developer does not have clear title to the land, or the project was built without proper permits, making it impossible to register ownership at the Land Office.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Delayed completion:<\/strong>&nbsp;Projects are delivered years late with no contractual penalty, and the buyer&#8217;s funds have been earning nothing while costs of living increase.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai consumer protection law does provide some remedies, but enforcement is slow and expensive. The most effective protection is thorough&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/due-diligence-in-thailand\/\">due diligence<\/a>&nbsp;before committing any funds \u2014 including checking the developer&#8217;s track record, confirming that building permits and EIA (Environmental Impact Assessment) approvals are in order, and having a lawyer review the sale and purchase agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"risk-4-condominium-foreign-quota-problems\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk #4: Condominium Foreign Quota Problems<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even the safest form of foreign property ownership \u2014 buying a condo \u2014 has specific risks that many buyers overlook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-49-foreign-quota\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The 49% Foreign Quota<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 19 of the Condominium Act, total foreign ownership in any condominium building cannot exceed 49% of the total registrable area. If a building has already reached this quota, the Land Office will refuse to register the transfer to a foreign buyer \u2014 no matter what contract you have signed. You could lose your deposit or be forced to register the unit in a Thai person&#8217;s name, creating a nominee risk.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"foreign-exchange-requirements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Foreign Exchange Requirements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To register a condominium in a foreigner&#8217;s name, the purchase funds must be remitted from abroad in foreign currency and converted to Thai Baht through a Thai bank. The bank issues a&nbsp;<strong>Foreign Exchange Transaction Form (FETF)<\/strong>, which the Land Office requires for registration. Using locally sourced funds \u2014 even legitimately earned Thai income \u2014 can prevent registration in the foreigner&#8217;s name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"juristic-person-management-risks\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Juristic Person Management Risks<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once you own a condo, you depend on the building&#8217;s Juristic Person (management body) for maintenance, sinking fund administration, and rule enforcement. Poorly managed buildings can see rapid deterioration of common areas, escalating maintenance fees, and disputes that destroy property values. Foreigners have voting rights but can be outvoted on critical management decisions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a full overview of the condo purchase process, including these pitfalls, see:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/buying-a-condominium-in-thailand\/\">Buying a Condominium in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"risk-5-lease-agreement-pitfalls\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk #5: Lease Agreement Pitfalls<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many foreigners who cannot own land opt for a 30-year registered lease under the Civil and Commercial Code. While leases are a legitimate and common arrangement, they carry risks that buyers must understand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CCC Section 540:<\/strong>&nbsp;A lease of immovable property can be registered for a maximum period of 30 years. Any term beyond 30 years is reduced to 30 years by law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The biggest misconception is the &#8220;30+30+30&#8221; renewal clause. Many agents market leases as 90-year arrangements, but&nbsp;<strong>renewal options written in a lease contract are not enforceable against third parties<\/strong>. If the landlord sells the land, dies, or simply refuses to renew, the new owner or heirs have no legal obligation to honor the renewal clause. Thai Supreme Court decisions have consistently held that lease renewal promises are personal obligations only \u2014 they do not bind successors in title.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Additional lease risks include the landlord using the leased land as collateral for loans (a bank could foreclose), zoning changes that affect permitted use of the property, and the lessee&#8217;s inability to sublease or transfer without the landlord&#8217;s written consent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For more on lease structures and their limitations, see:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/lease-agreement-in-thailand\/\">Lease Agreements in Thailand<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/renewal-options-30-year-lease-thailand\/\">30-Year Lease Renewal Options<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"risk-6-dispute-resolution-disadvantages\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risk #6: Dispute Resolution Disadvantages<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If something goes wrong, foreign property buyers face structural disadvantages in the Thai legal system that compound the financial losses:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Language barrier:<\/strong>&nbsp;Thai court proceedings are conducted entirely in Thai. You need certified translators and a Thai-licensed lawyer for every step.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Cost and time:<\/strong>&nbsp;Property litigation in Thailand can take 2\u20135 years at the Court of First Instance alone, plus appeals. Legal costs run into hundreds of thousands of Baht minimum.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Enforcement challenges:<\/strong>&nbsp;Even with a favorable judgment, enforcement \u2014 particularly against Thai nationals who have transferred assets \u2014 can be extremely difficult.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No jury system:<\/strong>&nbsp;Thai courts use a career judge system. While generally fair, the system can feel unfamiliar and opaque to foreign litigants.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most cost-effective approach is&nbsp;<strong>prevention through proper legal structuring<\/strong>, rather than relying on Thai courts to fix problems after the fact. If you do face a dispute, consider&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/alternative-dispute-resolution-in-thailand\/\">alternative dispute resolution<\/a>&nbsp;(mediation or arbitration) as a faster and less expensive option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"risk-7-environmental-zoning-and-construction-issues\">Risk #7: Environmental, Zoning, and Construction Issues<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Coastal properties face environmental restrictions that many buyers never investigate. Building within designated zones near beaches, national parks, or watershed areas triggers regulations under the Enhancement and Conservation of National Environmental Quality Act B.E. 2535 (1992). Properties built in violation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) requirements face demolition orders.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Zoning changes can restrict what you do with property after purchase. Agricultural land reclassified for residential use (or the reverse) affects building permits, resale value, and legal use. A land-use check at the local municipality takes hours and costs almost nothing. Skipping it can cost you the property.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-to-protect-yourself-a-due-diligence-checklist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How to Protect Yourself: A Due Diligence Checklist<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following steps should be completed before committing to any property transaction in Thailand. Skipping any one of them is how foreign buyers lose money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Verify the title deed at the Land Office<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 not from the seller&#8217;s copy. Confirm the name, plot boundaries, and that there are no encumbrances (mortgages, liens, court orders).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Confirm foreign quota availability<\/strong>&nbsp;(for condominiums) \u2014 request a letter from the Juristic Person confirming that the building has not reached the 49% cap.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Check the developer&#8217;s track record<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 search for previous projects, complaints filed with the Consumer Protection Board, and any litigation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Review all contracts with an independent Thai lawyer<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 never rely solely on the developer&#8217;s or agent&#8217;s lawyer. Ensure penalty clauses, completion dates, and specification guarantees are enforceable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Verify building and environmental permits<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 confirm that the EIA has been approved and all construction permits are in order.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Confirm FETF requirements<\/strong>&nbsp;(for condos) \u2014 ensure funds are remitted correctly from abroad before the transfer date.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Avoid nominee structures entirely<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 the risk of criminal prosecution, asset seizure, and deportation far outweighs any perceived benefits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Conduct a physical inspection<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 visit the site, meet the developer or seller, and inspect neighboring properties for any issues.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Review tax implications<\/strong>&nbsp;\u2014 understand transfer fees, specific business tax, withholding tax, and stamp duty. See:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/property-taxes-in-thailand\/\">Property Taxes in Thailand<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a comprehensive walkthrough of the legal due diligence process, see our dedicated guide:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/due-diligence-in-thailand\/\">Due Diligence in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"safer-legal-alternatives-for-foreign-property-buyers\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Safer Legal Alternatives for Foreign Property Buyers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Rather than pursuing risky nominee arrangements, foreign buyers should consider these legitimate structures that are recognized and enforceable under Thai law:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Legal Structure<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Maximum Duration<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Registrable?<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Key Advantage<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Condo Freehold<\/strong><\/td><td>Permanent<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Full ownership, inheritable, mortgageable<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/lease-agreement-in-thailand\/\">Registered Lease<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>30 years<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Binds successors, widely used, relatively low cost<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/\">Usufruct<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>Lifetime of holder<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Lifetime use right, registrable, protects against sale of land<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/superficies-in-thailand\/\">Superficies<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>30 years<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Foreigner can own the building on leased land<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/sap-ing-sith-in-thailand\/\">Sap Ing Sith<\/a><\/strong><\/td><td>30 years<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Stronger than lease \u2014 right to possess, use, and benefit from the land<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many experienced foreign buyers combine multiple structures \u2014 for example, a registered lease plus a usufruct plus a right of superficies \u2014 to create layered protection. The optimal combination depends on your specific circumstances, budget, and long-term plans. For guidance on the full range of&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreign-ownership-restrictions-in-thailand\/\">foreign ownership options in Thailand<\/a>, consult a qualified Thai property lawyer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"advanced-property-rights-superficies-usufruct-and-sap-ing-sith\">Advanced Property Rights: Superficies, Usufruct, and Sap-Ing-Sith<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-c_ded4b7b389ff6a4d_b8ad70d2-36dc-48b4-b919-4caa5d5cc636-34\">To mitigate the inherent weaknesses of the 30-year lease, the 2026 legal framework emphasizes the use of registered statutory rights.<sup><\/sup> These rights offer a degree of security that approximates ownership by separating the rights to the land from the rights to the structures or the benefits derived from the property.<sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-right-of-superficies-sections-1410-1416\">The Right of Superficies (Sections 1410-1416)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-c_ded4b7b389ff6a4d_b8ad70d2-36dc-48b4-b919-4caa5d5cc636-35\">The Right of Superficies (Sitthi Nuea Phuen Din) is a powerful tool that allows a foreigner to legally own the buildings on a plot of land that they do not own.<sup><\/sup> This structure is essential for villa buyers because it ensures that even if the land lease expires or is contested, the physical house remains a registered asset of the foreigner.<sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Superficies Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Legal Mechanism<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>2026 Optimization Tip<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Inheritability<\/strong><\/td><td>Fully transferable to heirs by law<\/td><td>Ensure the right is registered for the lifetime of the parties.<sup><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Independence<\/strong><\/td><td>Exists separately from the land title<\/td><td>Pairs perfectly with a 30-year land lease for double security.<sup><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Registration<\/strong><\/td><td>Recorded on the Chanote title deed<\/td><td>Essential to verify the Blue\/Yellow House Book registration.<sup><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Cost<\/strong><\/td><td>1.0% to 1.5% of value<\/td><td>Negotiate the split of these fees in the Sale &amp; Purchase Agreement.<sup><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-c_ded4b7b389ff6a4d_b8ad70d2-36dc-48b4-b919-4caa5d5cc636-37\">A critical risk identified in 2026 is the failure to properly register the &ldquo;Building Permit&rdquo; in the name of the foreigner or the supervising company.<sup><\/sup> If the permit is in the name of a Thai national, the foreigner may struggle to prove ownership of the structure despite having a registered superficies.<sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-right-of-usufruct-sections-1417-1428\">The Right of Usufruct (Sections 1417-1428)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-c_ded4b7b389ff6a4d_b8ad70d2-36dc-48b4-b919-4caa5d5cc636-38\">A Usufruct (Sitthi Kep Kin) provides the holder with the right to possess and use a property for their lifetime.<sup><\/sup> While common for retirees, the primary 2026 risk is the &ldquo;Life vs. Term&rdquo; misunderstanding. A usufruct can be registered for 30 years or for the life of the <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Usufructuary&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;A &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;usufructuary&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; is a person who is granted the legal right to use, live on, and benefit from someone else&rsquo;s property under a &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;usufruct agreement&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; in Thailand. While the usufructuary can enjoy the land, rent it out, or use it for business or agriculture, they &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;do not own the property itself&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;. Their rights are temporary and typically last for their lifetime, meaning the usufruct automatically &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;expires upon their death&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; and cannot be inherited. The usufructuary is responsible for maintaining the property and ensuring it is used in a way that does not diminish its value. To be legally enforceable, the usufruct must be registered at the &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Land Department&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; and recorded on the property&rsquo;s &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;title deed (Chanote)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/usufructuary\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">usufructuary<\/a>.<sup><\/sup> Unlike a lease, a usufruct allows the holder to collect rental income and even lease the property to third parties for up to three years without further consent.<sup><\/sup> However, the usufruct is strictly non-inheritable; it terminates instantly upon the death of the holder, which makes it unsuitable for those looking to build a multi-generational family estate.<sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sap-ing-sith-the-2026-modern-alternative\">Sap-Ing-Sith: The 2026 Modern Alternative<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-c_ded4b7b389ff6a4d_b8ad70d2-36dc-48b4-b919-4caa5d5cc636-39\">The Sap-Ing-Sith Act B.E. 2562 (2019) introduced the &ldquo;Right over Leased Asset,&rdquo; which is a transferable and mortgageable property right. Often described as a &ldquo;transferable usufruct,&rdquo; it provides the holder with a new type of title document, a certificate with a Blue Garuda emblem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-c_ded4b7b389ff6a4d_b8ad70d2-36dc-48b4-b919-4caa5d5cc636-40\">While Sap-Ing-Sith offers more flexibility than a lease, including the ability to use the property as collateral for a <a class=\"glossaryLink\" aria-describedby=\"tt\" data-cmtooltip=\"&lt;div class=glossaryItemTitle&gt;Mortgage&lt;\/div&gt;&lt;div class=glossaryItemBody&gt;&amp;lt;!-- wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;A &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;mortgage (&#3592;&#3635;&#3609;&#3629;&#3591;)&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; under &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Thai law&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; is a legal agreement in which a &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;borrower (mortgagor) pledges immovable property&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, such as &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;land, a house, or a condominium&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt;, as &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;security for a loan&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; without transferring ownership to the lender (mortgagee). The lender holds the right to claim the property if the borrower fails to &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;repay the debt&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; as agreed. The mortgage must be &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;registered at the Land Department&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; to be legally enforceable. Unlike some countries, Thai law does not allow lenders to automatically seize the mortgaged property upon default; they must go through &amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;court proceedings&amp;lt;\/strong&amp;gt; to enforce their rights and recover the debt.&amp;lt;br\/&amp;gt;&amp;lt;!-- \/wp:paragraph --&amp;gt;&lt;\/div&gt;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/mortgage\/\" data-gt-translate-attributes='[{\"attribute\":\"data-cmtooltip\", \"format\":\"html\"}]' tabindex=\"0\" role=\"link\">mortgage<\/a>, the 2026 legal consensus warns that it is still subject to the 30-year term limit.<sup><\/sup> The &ldquo;myth&rdquo; that Sap-Ing-Sith allows for an automatic 60-year or 90-year term is a common point of misinformation that property guides must correct to ensure investor safety.<sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We suggest you to read our comprehensive guide on&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/due-diligence-in-thailand\/\">due diligence when buying property in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-mechanism-of-order-no-2-2568\">The Mechanism of Order No. 2\/2568<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-c_ded4b7b389ff6a4d_b8ad70d2-36dc-48b4-b919-4caa5d5cc636-42\">Effective January 1, 2026, DBD Order No. 2\/2568 replaced the 2012 registration rules.<sup><\/sup> This order targets any company where foreigners hold less than 50% of the capital or where a foreign director has signing authority.<sup><\/sup> The most revolutionary change is the requirement for a 3-month bank statement audit for all Thai shareholders.<sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Audit Requirement<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Regulatory Threshold<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Enforcement Logic<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Bank Statement History<\/strong><\/td><td>3-Month Minimum<\/td><td>Verify that the Thai partner did not receive a &ldquo;parked&rdquo; transfer from the foreigner.<sup><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Transaction Matching<\/strong><\/td><td>Must match share subscription amount<\/td><td>Ensure the funds actually reached the company treasury.<sup><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Income Verification<\/strong><\/td><td>&ldquo;Statement Record Form&rdquo; for monthly income<\/td><td>Check if the Thai national&rsquo;s income matches their ability to invest.<sup><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Physical Appearance<\/strong><\/td><td>Authorised directors must appear in person<\/td><td>Identification of &ldquo;Mule&rdquo; directors and shell entities.<sup><\/sup><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-april-1-2026-amendment-order\">The April 1, 2026 Amendment Order<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-c_ded4b7b389ff6a4d_b8ad70d2-36dc-48b4-b919-4caa5d5cc636-44\">The enforcement escalated further on April 1, 2026, with a new order targeting existing companies.<sup><\/sup> This addresses the common &ldquo;loophole&rdquo; where an all-Thai company was registered to buy land, only to have foreign shareholders added later.<sup><\/sup> Now, such amendments trigger a retroactive audit of the Thai shareholders&rsquo; financial capacity.<sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p id=\"p-c_ded4b7b389ff6a4d_b8ad70d2-36dc-48b4-b919-4caa5d5cc636-45\">The risk of land forfeiture under Sections 94 and 96 of the Land Code is now a reality.<sup><\/sup> If a company is deemed a nominee vehicle, the Director-General of the Land Department has the authority to order the disposal of the land within a specified period.<sup><\/sup> Foreigners attempting to &ldquo;convert&rdquo; existing nominee companies into legitimate entities risk losing control of the assets or triggering a Revenue Department audit of their tax residency and funding sources.<sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"property-rights-comparison-2026-legal-framework\">Property Rights Comparison: 2026 Legal Framework<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><td><strong>Feature<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Lease (Hire of Property)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Usufruct (Section 1417)<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>Sap-Ing-Sith (Act of 2019)<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Max Duration<\/strong><\/td><td>30 Years (Renewals not guaranteed)<\/td><td>Lifetime of the Usufructuary<\/td><td>30 Years (Fixed term)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Transferability<\/strong><\/td><td>Requires Owner&rsquo;s Consent<\/td><td><strong>Non-Transferable<\/strong> (Ends at death)<\/td><td><strong>Transferable<\/strong> (Can be sold\/inherited)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Mortgage Asset<\/strong><\/td><td>No<\/td><td>No<\/td><td><strong>Yes<\/strong> (Can be used as collateral)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sub-Leasing<\/strong><\/td><td>Requires Owner&rsquo;s Consent<\/td><td>Allowed (Unless prohibited)<\/td><td><strong>Allowed<\/strong> (By Law)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Alterations<\/strong><\/td><td>Limited by Contract<\/td><td>Limited (Maintenance only)<\/td><td><strong>Extensive<\/strong> (Can alter\/rebuild)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Protection<\/strong><\/td><td>Contractual\/Personal Right<\/td><td>Real Right (Attached to land)<\/td><td><strong>Real Right<\/strong> (Highest Security)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Best For<\/strong><\/td><td>Short-term residential<\/td><td>Life-long security for spouse<\/td><td><strong>Investors and Developers<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Can a foreigner own land in Thailand?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No. Under Section 86 of the Land Code Act, foreigners are prohibited from owning land in Thailand. The only narrow exception is Section 96 bis, which allows foreigners who invest at least THB 40 million in approved Thai businesses to purchase up to one rai (1,600 square meters) of residential land. In practice, this exception is rarely used. Foreigners can own&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/buying-a-condominium-in-thailand\/\">condominium units<\/a>&nbsp;outright (up to the 49% foreign quota), and can hold land use rights through registered leases, usufructs, and other legal structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What happens if I get caught using a nominee company to own land?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The consequences are severe: criminal prosecution with penalties of up to 3 years imprisonment, fines up to THB 1 million, forced dissolution of the company, court-ordered sale of the land (often at a loss), and potential deportation and blacklisting from Thailand. The Department of Business Development has significantly increased enforcement since 2024, and land offices now actively flag suspicious transactions. See:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/recent-crackdowns-on-nominees-in-thailand-the-law-and-court-cases\/\">Recent Nominee Crackdowns in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Is a 30+30+30 year lease legally enforceable in Thailand?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only the first 30-year term is legally enforceable and registrable. Renewal options are treated as personal promises from the current landlord \u2014 they do not automatically bind heirs, successors, or any new owner of the land. Thai Supreme Court decisions have been clear on this point. If your landlord sells the land or passes away, the new owner has no obligation to honor the renewal clause. For this reason, a lease should be viewed as a 30-year arrangement only. See:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/renewal-options-30-year-lease-thailand\/\">30-Year Lease Renewal Options<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">How do I verify a Thai land title deed is genuine?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Never rely solely on the document held by the seller. Your lawyer should conduct a title search at the local Land Office where the property is registered. This confirms the current owner, the exact boundaries, and whether any encumbrances (mortgages, liens, or court orders) exist. The Land Office records are the authoritative source \u2014 the paper deed in the seller&#8217;s hand could be forged, outdated, or manipulated. Only deal with Chanote (Nor Sor 4) title deeds for the highest level of security. See:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/title-deeds-in-thailand\/\">Title Deeds in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What is the safest way for a foreigner to buy property in Thailand?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The safest route is purchasing a condominium freehold \u2014 it is the only form of outright property ownership available to foreigners without special investment requirements. For houses and villas, combine a registered 30-year lease with a usufruct and a right of superficies (which lets you own the building separately from the land). Always engage an independent Thai lawyer who specializes in property law, conduct full due diligence at the Land Office, and ensure funds are properly remitted from abroad with FETF documentation. See our comprehensive guide:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/buying-property-in-thailand\/\">Buying Property in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What are the transfer fees and taxes when buying property in Thailand?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Standard fees include: transfer fee (2% of the appraised value), specific business tax (3.3% if the seller has owned the property for less than 5 years), stamp duty (0.5% \u2014 waived if SBT applies), and withholding tax (calculated on a progressive scale based on the appraised value). In practice, buyer and seller often split the transfer fee, but this must be negotiated in the contract. See:&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/property-taxes-in-thailand\/\">Property Taxes in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"conclusion-protect-your-investment-by-understanding-the-risks\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion: Protect Your Investment by Understanding the Risks<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Buying property in Thailand as a foreigner can be a rewarding investment \u2014 but only if you enter the process with clear eyes and proper legal guidance. The risks outlined in this guide \u2014 nominee structures, title deed fraud, developer issues, foreign quota limits, lease vulnerabilities, and dispute resolution challenges \u2014 are all real, and all avoidable with the right preparation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The golden rule is simple:&nbsp;<strong>never take legal shortcuts<\/strong>. The structures that sound too good to be true \u2014 90-year leases, nominee companies, shell corporations \u2014 are the ones most likely to cost you everything. Stick to legitimate ownership structures, verify everything through the Land Office, and hire an independent lawyer who works for you, not the seller or developer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand offers genuine opportunities for foreign property buyers, particularly through condominium freehold ownership and well-structured lease and usufruct arrangements. By understanding the risks and taking the right precautions, you can enjoy the benefits of Thai property ownership while keeping your investment safe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.go.th\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Land in Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thailand&#8217;s property market attracts thousands of foreign buyers each year with its tropical lifestyle, affordable prices, and world-class condominiums. But [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1748,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-property-law","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2596"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2596\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2731,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2596\/revisions\/2731"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1748"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2596"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}