{"id":3107,"date":"2026-07-31T00:52:51","date_gmt":"2026-07-30T17:52:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/?p=3107"},"modified":"2026-11-02T00:47:18","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T17:47:18","slug":"false-lost-chanote-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/false-lost-chanote-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Fausses d\u00e9clarations de \u00ab Chanote perdu \u00bb en Tha\u00eflande : quatre mois de prison et 4,8 millions de THB d'indemnisation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A paper title deed looks powerful, but the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/land-office\/\">Land Office<\/a> register is what controls the official record. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-decisions\/\">Supreme Court Decision<\/a> No. 914\/2569 shows how a false \u201clost deed\u201d report was used to obtain a replacement <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/chanote\/\">Chanote<\/a> and transfer property to another person. This case highlights the serious consequences of a False Lost Chanote in Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The defendant received a final sentence of four months\u2019 imprisonment without suspension. The court also upheld an order requiring the defendant to pay THB 4.8 million to the deceased seller\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/estate\/\">estate<\/a> under Section 44\/1 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/\">Thai Criminal Procedure Code<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The decision matters for property buyers, sellers, heirs, and lawyers because the original Chanote had never been lost. The seller still held it. Even so, the registered owner obtained a replacement deed after giving false information to the police and the Land Office, tying into the broader issue of False Lost Chanote in Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"768\" height=\"512\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/fake-lost-chanote-in-thailand.webp\" alt=\"False lost Chanote in Thailand\" class=\"wp-image-11652\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/fake-lost-chanote-in-thailand.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/fake-lost-chanote-in-thailand-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/fake-lost-chanote-in-thailand-18x12.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/fake-lost-chanote-in-thailand-600x400.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">False lost Chanote in Thailand<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-decision-in-one-minute\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Decision in One Minute<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The agreed price for the land and commercial building was THB 6 million. The buyer paid a total of THB 1 million. A Chanote was issued in the buyer\u2019s name, but the seller kept the original deed while waiting for the balance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The buyer later reported the Chanote as lost, although the buyer knew the seller still held it. The police report was then used to request a replacement title deed from the Chiang Rai Provincial Land Office, Mae Sai Branch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">After the replacement was issued, the property was mortgaged, redeemed and sold to another person. The seller discovered the transfer during a Land Office search. The seller later died, and the court-appointed <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/estate-administrator\/\">estate administrator<\/a> continued the compensation claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-of-appeal\/\">Court of Appeal<\/a> Region 5 imposed six months\u2019 imprisonment, reduced the sentence by one-third under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-78\/\">Criminal Code Section 78<\/a>, leaving four months. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> upheld the sentence without suspension and confirmed THB 4.8 million compensation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-decision-in-one-minute\">The Decision in One Minute<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-happened-in-supreme-court-decision-no-914-2569\">What Happened in Supreme Court Decision No. 914\/2569?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#why-the-false-report-became-a-criminal-offence\">Why the False Report Became a Criminal Offence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#why-the-court-refused-to-suspend-the-four-month-sentence\">Why the Court Refused to Suspend the Four-Month Sentence<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-section-44-1-allowed-the-estate-to-claim-thb-4-8-million\">How Section 44\/1 Allowed the Estate to Claim THB 4.8 Million<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-most-important-property-lesson-holding-the-original-chanote-was-not-enough\">The Most Important Property Lesson: Holding the Original Chanote Was Not Enough<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-buyers-should-check-before-accepting-a-replacement-chanote\">What Buyers Should Check Before Accepting a Replacement Chanote<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#warning-signs-in-a-thai-property-transaction\">Warning Signs in a Thai Property Transaction<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#a-practical-due-diligence-checklist\">A Practical Due Diligence Checklist<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-to-do-after-discovering-a-fraudulent-replacement-deed\">What to Do After Discovering a Fraudulent Replacement Deed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-this-decision-does-not-automatically-prove\">What This Decision Does Not Automatically Prove<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#related-thai-law-online-guides\">Related ThaiLawOnline Guides<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-happened-in-supreme-court-decision-no-914-2569\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Happened in Supreme Court Decision No. 914\/2569?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 3 June 2013, the defendant agreed to purchase land with a commercial building for THB 6 million. Payments eventually totalled THB 1 million.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 21 August 2013, Chanote No. 49754 was issued in the defendant\u2019s name. The evidence accepted by the courts showed that the seller kept the original title deed. The arrangement was intended to allow the buyer to seek bank financing and pay the remaining purchase price.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On 8 January 2014, the defendant reported to the police that the Chanote had been lost. The same police report was presented to the Land Office in support of an application for a replacement deed. The replacement was issued on 26 March 2014.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The defendant later mortgaged the property, redeemed the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/mortgage\/\">mortgage<\/a> and sold the property on 29 December 2014. The seller discovered the transfer in March 2016 after checking the Land Office record.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The seller died on 5 November 2019. The Chiang Rai Provincial Court appointed the applicant as estate administrator, and the compensation petition dated 1 June 2022 attached that order. The estate administrator sought THB 5 million in compensation. The Court of Appeal Region 5 awarded THB 4.8 million, and the Supreme Court upheld that amount.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"why-the-false-report-became-a-criminal-offence\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why the False Report Became a Criminal Offence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The case was not treated as a simple dispute over an unpaid property price. The defendant knowingly caused public officials to record false information in official documents and then used documents produced from the false report.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court of Appeal Region 5 found the defendant guilty under former <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-267\/\">Criminal Code Section 267<\/a> and Section 268. Section 267 concerned causing an official, acting in the course of duty, to record false information in a public or official document intended as evidence. Section 268 concerned using or referring to a document resulting from the offence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The appellate court dismissed the separate charge under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-137\/\">Criminal Code Section 137<\/a>. The final punishment was imposed under Section 268 paragraph two, applying the penalty under former Section 267. It was a conviction for causing officials to record false information and using the resulting documents, not a conviction for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fraud\/\">fraud<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 267<\/h3><p>This section punishes giving a false statement to an official so that it is recorded in a public or official document meant to serve as evidence, when this is likely to cause damage. The penalty is up to three years imprisonment, a fine up to 60,000 baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever gives information to an official acting in the course of duty, causing the official to record a false statement in a public document or an official document intended to serve as evidence, in a manner likely to cause damage to another person or to the public, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine not exceeding sixty thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-267\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 268<\/h3><p>This section punishes using or citing a document that was forged or falsified under Sections 264 to 267 in a manner likely to cause damage to another person or the public, with the penalty of the underlying section. If the user is also the forger, or caused the official to record the false statement, they are punished under this section only, as a single offence.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever uses or refers to a document arising from the commission of an offence under Section 264, Section 265, Section 266, or Section 267, in a manner likely to cause damage to another person or to the public, shall be liable to the penalty prescribed in that Section. If the offender under paragraph one is the person who forged that document, or is the person who gave the information causing the official to record that statement, that offender shall be punished under this Section as a single offence only.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-268\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 63 <small>Issuance of Documents Showing Rights in Land<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The owner of land whose title deed is endangered, damaged or lost by any means whatsoever may apply for a substitute. After the substitute has been issued, the original title deed shall be cancelled unless otherwise ordered by the court. The above-mentioned provisions shall apply mutatis mutandis to the application for a substitute for a pre-emption certificate, certificate of utilization or certificate of investigation (bai tai suan).<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">Unofficial translation by the Office of the Council of State<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-4\/#section-63\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 44\/1<\/h3><p>In a public-prosecutor case, the victim can file a motion in the same criminal court asking the defendant to pay compensation for injury or loss. It must be filed before evidence-taking starts and is treated as a civil plaint.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In a case where the public prosecutor is the plaintiff, if the injured person has a right to claim compensation because of harm to life, body or mind, or damage to liberty of the body, to reputation, or to property, arising from the defendant&#039;s commission of the offence, the injured person may file a motion with the court trying the criminal case asking that the defendant be ordered to pay compensation to him.\n The motion under paragraph one must be filed by the injured person before the taking of evidence begins; where there is no taking of evidence, the motion must be filed before the court adjudicates the case. Such motion shall be deemed a plaint under the provisions of the Civil Procedure Code, and the injured person stands in the position of plaintiff in that civil part. The motion must set out reasonable particulars concerning the damage and the amount of compensation claimed. If the court is of the view that the motion still lacks some essential matter, it may order the applicant to amend the motion to make it clear.\n The motion under paragraph one may not include any request other than an order that the defendant pay compensation arising from the defendant&#039;s commission of the offence in the criminal case, and it must not conflict with the charge in the criminal case brought by the public prosecutor. In a case where the public prosecutor has already proceeded under section 43, the injured person may not file a motion under paragraph one to claim the property or its value again.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-44-1\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 137<\/h3><p>This section punishes giving false information to an official where it may cause damage to another person or to the public. The penalty is imprisonment not exceeding six months, or a fine not exceeding 10,000 baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever gives a false statement to an official, in a manner likely to cause injury to another person or to the public, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding six months, or a fine not exceeding ten thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-137\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 78<\/h3><p>Where mitigating circumstances appear, the court may reduce the punishment to be imposed by up to one half, whether or not the punishment has already been increased or reduced under any other provision. The section lists examples such as remorse and effort to repair the harm, surrender to officials, prior good conduct, grievous distress, and giving the court useful information.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">When it appears that there are mitigating circumstances, whether or not there has been an increase or reduction of punishment under the provisions of this Code or of any other law, if the court thinks fit it may reduce the punishment to be imposed on the offender by not more than one half. Such mitigating circumstances include: the offender being ignorant and of feeble understanding, being in grievous distress, having previously had good conduct, feeling remorse and endeavouring to mitigate the injurious consequences of the offence, surrendering to the official, or giving the court information that is beneficial, or any other circumstance that the court considers to be of a similar nature.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-78\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 61 <small>Issuance of Documents Showing Rights in Land<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Where it appears that any title deed or certificate of utilization has been issued, or right and juristic act registration regarding immovable property has been effected, or document or particulars of immovable property registration have been recorded, for any person inaccurately or unlawfully, the Director-General, or the person assigned by the Director-General who is a Deputy Director-General or Inspector of the Department of Lands, shall have the power to order a revocation or correction thereof. Before proceeding under paragraph one, the Director-General, or the person assigned by the Director-General under paragraph one, shall set up an investigation committee, who shall have the power to demand, for consideration, the title deed, certificate of utilization, documents which right and juristic act registration has been effected, documents showing particulars of immovable property registration, or other pertinent documents, and the interested persons shall be advised to accord them a chance to object. If no objection is raised within thirty days from the date of advice, it shall be assumed that no objection has been raised. The committee investigating inaccurate or unlawful issuance of title deeds or certificates of utilization shall at least comprise an administrative official and a representative of the local administrative body or a local administrator of the locality where the land is located, as committee members. The investigation under paragraph two must be completed and forwarded to the Director-General or the person assigned by the Director-General under paragraph one, within sixty days from the date of issue of an order for an investigation. In case the investigation committee cannot complete its investigation within the said timeframe, it shall then report to the Director-General or the person assigned by the Director-General under paragraph one the cause as to why the investigation could not be completed, so as to request an extension of the period of time for investigation, in which case the Director- General or the person assigned by him under paragraph one may order an extension of the period for such investigation as necessary, but in no case shall it exceed sixty days. The Director-General or the person assigned by him under paragraph one shall complete his consideration within fifteen days from the date of receipt of investigation report from the investigation committee under paragraph four. Upon the Director-General or the person assigned by the Director-General under paragraph one having made any consideration thereof, steps shall then be taken according to his decision. In proceeding with revocation or correction under this Section, if no title deed or certificate of utilization has been produced, it shall be regarded that such title deed or certificate of utilization is lost. In this respect, the land official shall issue a substitute land right document for further processing. In the event of any inaccuracy due to writing or typing errors, for which clear evidence is available, and the interested person has consented thereto in writing, the land official shall have the power to make correction. In case a final court judgement or order is issued for a revocation or correction to be effected, the land official shall proceed in accordance with such court judgement or order according to the procedure prescribed by the Director-General. The setting up of the investigation committee, investigation, notice to the interested person to raise an objection, and consideration for revocation or correction shall be in accordance with the rules and procedure prescribed in the ministerial regulations.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">Unofficial translation by the Office of the Council of State<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-4\/#section-61\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 56<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 8 April 2016<\/span><\/h3><p>Where the court is to impose imprisonment not exceeding five years, whether or not a fine is also imposed, or is to impose a fine, and the person&#039;s record falls within one of the three descriptions the section gives, the court may adjudge them guilty but suspend the determination of the punishment, or determine the punishment but suspend its execution, for a period it fixes of not more than five years from the day of the judgment, and it may attach conditions for controlling their conduct.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever commits an offence punishable by imprisonment or by fine, and in that case the court is to impose imprisonment not exceeding five years, whether or not a fine is also imposed, or is to impose a fine, if it appears that that person: (1) has never previously received a punishment of imprisonment; (2) has previously received a punishment of imprisonment, but it was a punishment for an offence committed negligently, or for a petty offence, or was imprisonment not exceeding six months; or (3) has previously received a punishment of imprisonment but was released from it more than five years before committing the further offence, the later offence being one committed negligently or a petty offence, and when the court has taken into account the age, personal history, conduct, intelligence, education and training, health, mental condition, disposition, occupation, and environment of that person, or the nature of the offence, or that person&#039;s sense of remorse and efforts to mitigate the harm caused, or any other extenuating circumstance, the court may adjudge that the person is guilty but suspend the determination of the punishment, or determine the punishment but suspend its execution, whether the punishment be imprisonment or a fine or both, so as to give that person an opportunity to reform within such period as the court fixes, which must not exceed five years from the day of the judgment; and the court may or may not fix conditions for controlling that person&#039;s conduct. The conditions for controlling the conduct of an offender under paragraph one may be fixed by the court, one or several as may be appropriate to the case, as follows: (1) to report in person from time to time to the official designated by the court, so that the official may question, advise, assist, or admonish the offender as it thinks fit as to conduct and occupation, or to arrange for the offender to perform social service or public benefit activities; (2) to train for or to carry on a regular lawful occupation; (3) to refrain from association, or from any conduct, that might lead to the commission of a similar offence again; (4) to undergo treatment for narcotic addiction, for physical or mental deficiency, or for any other illness, at the place and for the period fixed by the court; (5) to undergo training at the place and for the period fixed by the court; (6) to be prohibited from leaving the place of residence, or from entering any place, during the times fixed by the court, and for this purpose an electronic device or any other device capable of monitoring or restricting travel may be used; (7) to pay compensation, or otherwise to remedy the damage, to the injured person as agreed between the offender and the injured person; (8) to repair, restore, or remedy damage caused to natural resources or to the environment, or to pay compensation for that purpose; (9) to enter into a bond in such sum as the court thinks fit that the offender will not commit an act of mischief or cause danger to another person or to property; (10) any other condition that the court thinks fit to fix in order to correct or rehabilitate the offender, or to prevent the offender from committing or having the opportunity to commit an offence again, or any condition for remedying the injured person as the court thinks fit. As to the conditions fixed by the court under paragraph two, if it later appears to the court, on the application of the offender, of the offender&#039;s legal representative, of the offender&#039;s curator, of the public prosecutor, or of an official, that the circumstances relating to the control of the offender&#039;s conduct have changed, the court may, if it thinks fit, amend, add to, or revoke any of them, or may additionally fix any condition mentioned in paragraph two that it has not already fixed. If there is a breach of a bond, the provisions of Section 47 shall apply mutatis mutandis.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-56\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 267<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e25\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-267\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 268<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e52\u0e56\u0e54 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e52\u0e56\u0e55 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e52\u0e56\u0e56 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e52\u0e56\u0e57 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e46 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e08\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-268\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 63<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e42\u0e09\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e2a\u0e39\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e42\u0e09\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e42\u0e09\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e34\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e34\u0e01 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\n\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-4\/#section-63\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 44\/1<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e23\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e08\u0e34\u0e15\u0e43\u0e08 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e35\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e15\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\n\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\n\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e08\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e22\u0e49\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54\u0e53 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-44-1\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 137<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-137\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 78<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e42\u0e09\u0e14\u0e40\u0e02\u0e25\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e02\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e31\u0e2a \u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e36\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e25\u0e38\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-78\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 61<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e42\u0e09\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e40\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e14\u0e33\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e42\u0e09\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32 \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\n\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e42\u0e09\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e40\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e09\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e21\u0e32 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e42\u0e09\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e40\u0e04\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e22\u0e34\u0e19\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-4\/#section-61\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 56<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 8 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e29\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2559<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 (\u0e51) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e04\u0e22\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e52) \u0e40\u0e04\u0e22\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e53) \u0e40\u0e04\u0e22\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e17\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e36\u0e07\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34 \u0e2a\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e28\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e2a\u0e38\u0e02\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e \u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e19\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e1e \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e36\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e01\u0e25\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 (\u0e51) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e41\u0e19\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33 \u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e15\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e1e \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c (\u0e52) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1d\u0e36\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e33\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30 (\u0e53) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e19\u0e33\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01 (\u0e54) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e22\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e1e\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e23\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e34\u0e15\u0e43\u0e08 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e13 \u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14 (\u0e55) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1d\u0e36\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e13 \u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14 (\u0e56) \u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e40\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01\u0e17\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 (\u0e57) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e22\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e22\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 (\u0e58) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e1f\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e39\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e22\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e22\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27 (\u0e59) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e20\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19 (\u0e51\u0e50) \u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e46 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02 \u0e1f\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e39 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e22\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23 \u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e14\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e17\u0e31\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54\u0e57 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-56\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation open><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 267<\/h3><p>Quiconque fait inscrire par un fonctionnaire agissant dans ses fonctions une fausse mention dans un document public ou officiel destin\u00e9 \u00e0 servir de preuve, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 pouvoir nuire \u00e0 autrui ou au public, encourt jusqu&#039;\u00e0 trois ans d&#039;emprisonnement, 60 000 bahts d&#039;amende, ou les deux.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-267\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 268<\/h3><p>Quiconque fait usage ou se pr\u00e9vaut d&#039;un document issu d&#039;une infraction pr\u00e9vue aux articles 264, 265, 266 ou 267, d&#039;une mani\u00e8re susceptible de causer un pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 autrui ou au public, encourt la peine pr\u00e9vue par l&#039;article concern\u00e9. Si l&#039;auteur de cet usage est aussi celui qui a falsifi\u00e9 le document ou qui a fait inscrire la mention par le fonctionnaire, il n&#039;est puni qu&#039;une seule fois, en vertu du pr\u00e9sent article.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-268\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 63<\/h3><p>Si le titre foncier (chanote) est d\u00e9truit, endommag\u00e9 ou perdu, le propri\u00e9taire peut en demander un duplicata; l&#039;original est alors annul\u00e9, sauf d\u00e9cision contraire du tribunal. La r\u00e8gle s&#039;applique par analogie au certificat de r\u00e9servation, au certificat d&#039;utilisation et au proc\u00e8s-verbal d&#039;enqu\u00eate.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-4\/#section-63\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 44\/1<\/h3><p>Si le minist\u00e8re public poursuit, la victime l\u00e9s\u00e9e par l&#039;infraction dans sa vie, son corps, son esprit, sa libert\u00e9, sa r\u00e9putation ou ses biens peut demander au tribunal p\u00e9nal de condamner le pr\u00e9venu \u00e0 r\u00e9paration, avant l&#039;audition des t\u00e9moins ou, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, avant jugement. La demande vaut assignation civile, la victime \u00e9tant demanderesse. Elle d\u00e9taille pr\u00e9judice et montant, sans autre pr\u00e9tention ni contradiction avec l&#039;accusation, ni biens d\u00e9j\u00e0 r\u00e9clam\u00e9s selon l&#039;article 43.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-44-1\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 137<\/h3><p>Quiconque fait une fausse d\u00e9claration \u00e0 un fonctionnaire, susceptible de nuire \u00e0 autrui ou au public, encourt jusqu&#039;\u00e0 six mois d&#039;emprisonnement, 10 000 bahts d&#039;amende, ou les deux.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-137\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 78<\/h3><p>En pr\u00e9sence de circonstances att\u00e9nuantes, le tribunal peut r\u00e9duire la peine de moiti\u00e9 au plus. Il s&#039;agit notamment de l&#039;ignorance, d&#039;une grande d\u00e9tresse, de bons ant\u00e9c\u00e9dents, du repentir et de la r\u00e9paration, de la reddition ou de l&#039;aide apport\u00e9e au tribunal.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-78\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 61<\/h3><p>Si un titre foncier ou un certificat d&#039;utilisation a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9livr\u00e9, ou un droit ou acte immobilier enregistr\u00e9 ou mentionn\u00e9, par erreur ou ill\u00e9galement, le directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du D\u00e9partement des terres, ou son d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 (directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral adjoint ou inspecteur), peut l&#039;annuler ou le rectifier, apr\u00e8s enqu\u00eate d&#039;une commission qui notifie les int\u00e9ress\u00e9s (trente jours sans opposition valent absence d&#039;opposition) et comprend, pour les titres, un agent de l&#039;administration et un repr\u00e9sentant de l&#039;ex\u00e9cutif local. D\u00e9lais : enqu\u00eate soixante jours, prorogeable de soixante jours au plus ; d\u00e9cision quinze jours. Titre non produit : r\u00e9put\u00e9 perdu, un duplicata est d\u00e9livr\u00e9. Erreur mat\u00e9rielle manifeste : rectification par l&#039;agent foncier avec accord \u00e9crit des int\u00e9ress\u00e9s. D\u00e9cision judiciaire d\u00e9finitive : ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e par l&#039;agent foncier. Modalit\u00e9s : r\u00e8glement minist\u00e9riel.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-4\/#section-61\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 56<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 8 avril 2016<\/span><\/h3><p>Prison de cinq ans au plus ou amende; auteur jamais emprisonn\u00e9, ou pour imprudence, contravention ou six mois au plus, ou lib\u00e9r\u00e9 depuis plus de cinq ans, r\u00e9cidivant par imprudence ou contravention : vu sa situation, sursis possible au prononc\u00e9 ou \u00e0 l&#039;ex\u00e9cution, cinq ans maximum, mise \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9preuve facultative.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-penal-code\/section-56\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>Sources<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code p\u00e9nal, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code foncier, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code de proc\u00e9dure p\u00e9nale, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"why-the-court-refused-to-suspend-the-four-month-sentence\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why the Court Refused to Suspend the Four-Month Sentence<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The appellate court first imposed six months\u2019 imprisonment. Because part of the defence evidence assisted the proceedings, the court reduced the sentence by one-third under Criminal Code Section 78. The remaining sentence was four months.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court refused to suspend imprisonment. It found that the conduct showed no respect for the law and affected public order. The defendant had not accepted responsibility or reduced the consequences of the offence after the event.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court also considered a short prison term necessary to deter the defendant and others from similar conduct. The case therefore shows that a non-violent document offence does not automatically lead to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/suspended-sentence\/\">suspended sentence<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-section-44-1-allowed-the-estate-to-claim-thb-4-8-million\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Section 44\/1 Allowed the Estate to Claim THB 4.8 Million<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-44-1\/\">Section 44\/1 of the Thai Criminal Procedure Code<\/a> allows an injured person to request compensation inside a criminal prosecution brought by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/public-prosecutor\/\">public prosecutor<\/a>. The loss must arise from the criminal conduct charged by the prosecutor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court found a direct connection between the offences and the seller\u2019s property loss. By using the false police report to obtain the replacement Chanote and sell the property, the defendant altered or diminished the seller\u2019s rights concerning the land and commercial building.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The estate administrator therefore had standing to continue the claim on behalf of the deceased. The Supreme Court accepted THB 4.8 million as the unpaid balance supported by the evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The judgment awarded THB 4.8 million. The published decision does not show whether the estate has since collected it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-most-important-property-lesson-holding-the-original-chanote-was-not-enough\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Most Important Property Lesson: Holding the Original Chanote Was Not Enough<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The seller kept the original Chanote, but the title was already registered in the buyer\u2019s name. That informal arrangement left the seller exposed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Possession of the owner\u2019s copy of a Chanote is useful evidence and normally matters at the Land Office. Still, possession does not replace properly registered security. A registered owner who persuades the Land Office to issue a replacement might create serious practical problems before the true facts are discovered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where a seller transfers title before receiving full payment, the balance should be protected through an enforceable structure. Depending on the transaction, this might include a registered mortgage, clear payment conditions, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/escrow\/\">escrow<\/a> arrangements where available, or postponing transfer until full payment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A seller should not assume, \u201cI still hold the paper Chanote, so the buyer cannot do anything.\u201d Decision No. 914\/2569 proves why this assumption is dangerous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-buyers-should-check-before-accepting-a-replacement-chanote\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Buyers Should Check Before Accepting a Replacement Chanote<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A replacement Chanote is not automatically fraudulent. Original deeds are genuinely lost, destroyed or damaged. However, a recent replacement requires more investigation, not less.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before signing or paying a large deposit, the buyer\u2019s lawyer should conduct a current search at the Land Office responsible for the property. The search should confirm the registered owner, the issue date, whether a replacement was issued, and every registered mortgage, lease, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/usufruct\/\">usufruct<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/superficies-right\/\">superficies<\/a>, servitude, seizure or transfer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where the replacement was issued recently, the underlying Land Office file should be reviewed. The lawyer should ask why the replacement was requested, who filed the application, what police report or supporting evidence was used, and whether another person claims to hold the original deed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A photocopy supplied by the seller or agent is not enough. The official register might contain later entries or a replacement history that does not appear on the copy presented to the buyer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"warning-signs-in-a-thai-property-transaction\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Warning Signs in a Thai Property Transaction<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Stop and investigate where the seller refuses to produce the original Chanote, gives an unclear story about a recent loss, or pressures the buyer to complete before a fresh Land Office search.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other warning signs include a replacement deed issued shortly before sale, a quick sequence of mortgage, redemption and resale, disputed authority involving an heir or former spouse, inconsistent signatures, unexplained <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/power-of-attorney\/\">powers of attorney<\/a>, or another person claiming possession of the original title.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One warning sign does not prove fraud. Several warning signs together justify postponing the transfer until the Land Office file and payment history have been checked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"a-practical-due-diligence-checklist\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Practical Due Diligence Checklist<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A proper Thai property <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/due-diligence\/\">due diligence review<\/a> should confirm the registered owner against identification documents, company documents or estate papers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The lawyer should review the complete registration history, confirm whether any replacement deed was issued, inspect the supporting file where necessary, check the land boundaries and legal access, confirm possession, and review payment records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The title search should be repeated shortly before transfer. A search performed several months earlier does not prove that the property remains free from a new mortgage, seizure or transfer on completion day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 27 September 2026.<\/strong> Every fact, date, sentence and amount on this page was checked against the full text of Supreme Court Decision 914\/2569 (the first-instance, Court of Appeal Region 5 and Supreme Court dispositions). Not re-checked: the Land Code chapter reference in the related guides. Re-checked on 11 October 2026: the Land Code read in Thai (Council of State consolidated text); Chapter 4, on the issue of title documents, runs from section 56 (which also governs replacement deeds) to section 64, as the related-guides line says; nothing changed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433749239\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What was the final sentence in Supreme Court Decision No. 914\/2569?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Four months\u2019 imprisonment without suspension. The appellate court imposed six months and reduced the term by one-third under Criminal Code Section 78. The Supreme Court upheld the result.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433758062\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How much compensation did the estate receive?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The court ordered the defendant to pay THB 4.8 million. The published judgment confirms the award, but does not confirm that collection or enforcement had already been completed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433776813\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why was the compensation THB 4.8 million rather than THB 5 million?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The estate requested THB 5 million. The evidence accepted by the Supreme Court supported an unpaid balance of THB 4.8 million, which the court considered appropriate.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433782747\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Was the defendant convicted under Criminal Code Section 137?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No, not in the final appellate result. The Court of Appeal Region 5 dismissed the Section 137 charge and convicted under former Section 267 and Section 268.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433799397\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does holding the original Chanote prevent a replacement deed from being issued?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It should make a genuine lost-deed application impossible on the true facts, but a dishonest registered owner might still obtain a replacement by giving false information. The victim then faces the burden of proving the fraud and seeking criminal, civil or Land Office remedies.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433816897\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is every replacement Chanote suspicious?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Replacement deeds are issued for genuine loss, destruction or damage. A buyer should still verify the reason, date, supporting file and later registration history.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433830463\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Did the Supreme Court cancel the sale to the later buyer?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The published decision discussed the criminal convictions and compensation. It did not order cancellation of the later transfer. Cancellation or recovery of the land might require separate proceedings and depends on the facts.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433836330\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What does Criminal Procedure Code Section 44\/1 do?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It permits an injured person to claim qualifying compensation within a criminal case prosecuted by the public prosecutor, where the loss arises from the offence charged.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433841183\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can an estate administrator file a Section 44\/1 claim?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Decision No. 914\/2569 confirms that a court-appointed estate administrator may pursue the deceased victim\u2019s property compensation claim.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1785433870830\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What should a buyer do when the seller presents a replacement Chanote?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Conduct a current Land Office search, inspect the replacement history and supporting documents, confirm the seller\u2019s identity and authority, review all encumbrances, and investigate whether anyone claims possession of the original.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-to-do-after-discovering-a-fraudulent-replacement-deed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What to Do After Discovering a Fraudulent Replacement Deed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Obtain certified Land Office records immediately. Preserve the original Chanote, contracts, receipts, bank records, messages and every document showing who held the deed and how much remained unpaid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The criminal complaint should identify each false statement and each official document created from the false information. A vague complaint describing the matter only as \u201cproperty fraud\u201d gives police and prosecutors less to work with.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The victim should also assess Land Office objections, civil proceedings to cancel or correct registrations, temporary injunctions, asset attachment and a compensation motion under Section 44\/1. The correct strategy depends on whether the property remains with the offender, whether a third party now holds it, and whether mortgages or later transfers have been registered.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-this-decision-does-not-automatically-prove\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What This Decision Does Not Automatically Prove<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Decision No. 914\/2569 was a criminal case with a compensation claim. It did not, in the published judgment, order cancellation of the later transfer or declare every transaction involving the replacement deed void.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A separate civil or administrative remedy might still be required to cancel Land Office registrations or recover the land itself. Outcomes involving a later buyer depend on the facts, the buyer\u2019s good faith, the validity of the replacement deed and the legal relief requested.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The decision therefore supports three precise propositions: the false report and use of the resulting official documents were criminal; imprisonment was not suspended; and the estate administrator was entitled to THB 4.8 million compensation under Section 44\/1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"related-thai-law-online-guides\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related ThaiLawOnline Guides<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the different classes of Thai land documents, see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/title-deeds-in-thailand\/\">Thai Title Deeds: Chanote, Nor Sor 3 Gor and the Rest<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the entries shown on the front and back of the document, see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/how-to-read-title-deed-in-thailand\/\">How to Read a Title Deed in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a broader verification checklist, see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/due-diligence-in-thailand\/\">Property Due Diligence in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the relevant procedural law, see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/\">Thai Criminal Procedure Code<\/a>, including Section 44\/1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For title documents and replacement deeds, see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-4\/\">Land Code Chapter 4, Sections 56 to 64<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.go.th\/home\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Department of Lands in Thailand.<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A paper title deed looks powerful, but the Land Office register is what controls the official record. Supreme Court Decision [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"tlo_featured_media_th":0,"tlo_featured_media_fr":0,"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-04\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"False Lost Chanote in Thailand","rank_math_title":"Consequences of False \u201cLost Chanote\u201d in Thailand","rank_math_description":"A paper title deed may seem convincing, but the truth about False Lost Chanote in Thailand reveals serious legal consequences.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"False Lost Chanote in Thailand","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3107","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-property-law","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3107","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3107"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3107\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12533,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3107\/revisions\/12533"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11652"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3107"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3107"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3107"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}