{"id":3130,"date":"2026-08-01T02:54:23","date_gmt":"2026-07-31T19:54:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/?p=3130"},"modified":"2026-11-02T00:47:12","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T17:47:12","slug":"thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota\/","title":{"rendered":"Le quota de 75 % pour les condominiums en Tha\u00eflande et le bail de 99 ans : ce qui est propos\u00e9 et ce que dit la loi"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div style=\"background:#fff8e1;border-left:5px solid #b8860b;padding:18px 20px;margin:24px 0;\"><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\"><strong>What changed:<\/strong> Nothing in the foreign ownership quota. Proposals to raise the condominium <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/foreign-quota\/\">foreign quota<\/a> from 49 percent to 75 percent, and to allow 99-year leases, have circulated since 2024. Neither has been enacted. No bill has been tabled in parliament. <strong>The 49 percent cap and the 30-year lease ceiling both remain the law.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p class=\"tlo-hublink wp-block-paragraph\">The quota is one of the first checks in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/property-guide-for-foreigners-in-thailand\/\">buying property in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\"><strong>Effective:<\/strong> Not applicable, because there is nothing in force to be effective. What <em>did<\/em> change in 2026: the transfer and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/mortgage\/\">mortgage<\/a> fee cut to 0.01 percent was renewed by Ministry of Interior announcements published in the Royal Gazette on 1 July 2026, running <strong>to 30 June 2027<\/strong>. Read the next line carefully, because most coverage omits it: <strong>that fee cut is restricted to individual Thai nationals and does not apply to foreign buyers.<\/strong><\/p><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\"><strong>Who it affects:<\/strong> Foreign buyers considering a Thai condominium, anyone offered a 90-year or 99-year lease structure, and owners in buildings already at the 49 percent foreign limit. The quota decides whether a given unit can go in your name at all, so check it before you pay anything.<\/p><p style=\"margin:0 0 10px;\"><strong>What to do now:<\/strong> Buy on the law as it stands. Never pay a premium for a unit priced on an expected rule change. Verify the building&#8217;s remaining foreign quota in writing before you sign, and treat any 99-year lease offer as a structure a Thai court has already looked through.<\/p><p style=\"margin:0;\"><small><strong>Last verified:<\/strong> 1 August 2026, against the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/condominium-act\/\">Condominium Act<\/a> B.E. 2522 section 19 bis, section 540 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> Decision 4655\/2566, and a negative check of the Royal Gazette for any amending instrument.<\/small><\/p><\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- tlo-template-promo:condo-checklist -->\n<div style=\"border:2px solid #C9A25C;border-radius:12px;padding:22px 24px;margin:28px 0;background:#fbf8f1\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 6px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1px;color:#9a772a;font-weight:700\">FREE DOWNLOAD, READ IT BEFORE YOU PAY A DEPOSIT<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px\">Buying a Condo in Thailand: Checklist for Foreign Buyers (Word + PDF, English &amp; Thai)<\/h3>\n<p>The 49% foreign quota, how to bring the money in so the Land Office accepts it (FET form), what to check before the deposit, taxes and fees, transfer day, six red flags and a purchase record sheet. Complete English text first, then the complete Thai text. Checked 3 October 2026.<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/condo-buying-checklist-foreigners-thailand-free\/\" style=\"background:#16202E;color:#fff;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:8px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600\">Download free<\/a>  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/condo-lawyer-in-thailand\/\" style=\"color:#16202E\">Want us to run the checks? Condominium Package \u0e3f19,900 \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-rule-that-still-applies-49-percent\">The rule that still applies: 49 percent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-is-actually-proposed\">What is actually proposed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-99-year-lease-a-court-has-already-ruled\">The 99-year lease: a court has already ruled<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#enforcement-tightened-while-the-proposals-stalled\">Enforcement tightened while the proposals stalled<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-to-do-instead-of-waiting\">What to do instead of waiting<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota.webp\" alt=\"Thailand Condo Foreign Ownership Quota\" class=\"wp-image-11650\" style=\"width:780px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota.webp 1600w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota-600x338.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Thailand Condo Foreign Ownership Quota<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-rule-that-still-applies-49-percent\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The rule that still applies: 49 percent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 19 bis of the Condominium Act B.E. 2522 lets foreigners own units in a registered condominium up to <strong>49 percent of the combined area of all the units<\/strong> of the building. The remaining 51 percent must be held by Thai nationals or Thai-majority entities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two details catch buyers out. The measure is floor area, not unit count, so a building can hit its foreign limit with fewer than half its units sold to foreigners. And the quota belongs to the building, not to you. Whether you can register in the foreign quota depends on what previous buyers have already taken.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Unless you hold <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/permanent-residency\/\">Thai permanent residence<\/a> or entered under the investment promotion law, you qualify under section 19(5), which means the purchase money must come in from abroad in foreign currency (or be withdrawn from a non-resident baht account or a foreign currency account), in an amount not less than the price of the unit, and you need the bank&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fet-form\/\">Foreign Exchange Transaction form<\/a>. Without it the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/land-office\/\">Land Office<\/a> will not register you under the foreign quota. Our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/buying-a-condominium-in-thailand\/\">buying a condominium in Thailand<\/a> works through the sequence, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/moving-money-to-thailand-from-abroad\/\">moving money to Thailand from abroad<\/a> covers the transfer mechanics.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 19 bis <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In each condominium, the units held in ownership by the aliens or juristic persons specified in section 19 must not, taken together, exceed 49 percent of the area of all the units in that condominium at the time the application to register the condominium under section 6 is made.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 19 <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Aliens and juristic persons deemed by law to be aliens may hold ownership of condominium units if they are the following aliens and juristic persons: (1) an alien permitted to reside in the Kingdom under the law on immigration; (2) an alien permitted to enter the Kingdom under the law on investment promotion; (3) a juristic person specified in sections 97 and 98 of the Land Code that is registered as a juristic person under Thai law; (4) a juristic person that is an alien under Announcement of the Revolutionary Council No. 281 dated 24 November B.E. 2515 and has received an investment promotion certificate under the law on investment promotion; (5) an alien, or a juristic person deemed by law to be an alien, who brings foreign currency into the Kingdom, or withdraws money from a baht account of a person residing outside the country, or withdraws money from a foreign currency deposit account.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 19 ter <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">On a transfer of ownership of a condominium unit to an alien or juristic person specified in section 19, the applicant for the transfer shall notify the competent official of the names of the aliens or juristic persons specified in section 19, together with the proportion of unit area that those aliens or juristic persons already hold in ownership, and the alien or juristic person applying to receive the transfer shall also produce the following evidence to the competent official: (1) an alien specified in section 19 (1) must produce evidence of having been permitted to reside in the Kingdom under the law on immigration; (2) an alien specified in section 19 (2) must produce evidence of having been permitted to enter the Kingdom under the law on investment promotion; (3) a juristic person specified in section 19 (3) must produce evidence of registration as a juristic person under Thai law; (4) a juristic person specified in section 19 (4) must produce evidence of having received an investment promotion certificate under the law on investment promotion; (5) an alien or juristic person under section 19 (5) must produce evidence of bringing foreign currency into the Kingdom, or evidence of withdrawing money from a baht account of a person residing outside the country or from a foreign currency deposit account, in an amount not less than the price of the unit to be purchased.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 19 quater <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">When the competent official has received the documents and evidence under section 19 ter and, having examined them, finds that they are correct under section 19 ter, and that the ratio of ownership of units in the condominium by aliens or juristic persons under section 19, counting both those who already hold ownership and those applying to take the transfer, does not exceed the ratio prescribed in section 19 bis, the competent official shall register the rights and juristic acts relating to the unit under Chapter 4 for the alien or juristic person applying to take the transfer.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 540<\/h3><p>An ordinary fixed-term lease of immovable property is limited to 30 years. Section 540 permits renewal for up to 30 years from renewal. A lease made for a longer term is reduced to 30 years.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Immovable property may not be let for a period exceeding thirty years. If a contract has been made for a longer period, that period shall be reduced to thirty years. The period of hire referred to above may, on its expiry, be renewed, but the renewal must not exceed thirty years from the date of renewal.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-540\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 19 quinquies <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An alien or juristic person specified in section 19 must dispose of a condominium unit in the following cases: (1) when an alien or juristic person specified in section 19 acquires a unit by inheritance as a statutory heir or legatee, or otherwise, as the case may be, and, when combined with the units already owned by aliens or juristic persons specified in section 19 in that condominium, the ratio prescribed in section 19 bis is exceeded; (2) when the permission of an alien specified in section 19 (1) to reside in the Kingdom is revoked or the alien&#039;s residence certificate becomes invalid; (3) when an alien specified in section 19 (1), (2) and (5) is ordered to be deported from the Kingdom and is not granted a reprieve, or is sent to engage in an occupation at any place in lieu of deportation; (4) when an alien specified in section 19 (2) is not permitted by the Board of Investment to stay in the Kingdom; (5) when a juristic person specified in section 19 (4) has its investment promotion certificate revoked. An alien or juristic person required to dispose of a unit under paragraph one must notify the competent official in writing within sixty days from the date on which the cause for disposal under paragraph one arises. In case (1), only the units exceeding the prescribed ratio shall be disposed of; in cases (2), (3), (4) and (5), all units owned shall be disposed of. The disposal of units under paragraph three shall be made within a period not exceeding one year from the date of acquiring ownership of the unit, or the date on which the permission to reside in the Kingdom is revoked or the residence certificate becomes invalid, or the date of the deportation order, or the date on which the Board of Investment revokes the permission to stay in the Kingdom, or the date on which the investment promotion certificate is revoked, as the case may be. If the disposal is not made within that period, the Director-General of the Department of Lands shall have the power to dispose of the unit, and the provisions on compulsory disposal of land in Chapter 3 of the Land Code, and the Ministerial Regulations issued under those provisions, shall apply mutatis mutandis to the disposal of that unit.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 19 \u0e17\u0e27\u0e34 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 19 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e51) \u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e19\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\n(\u0e52) \u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\n(\u0e53) \u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e59\u0e57 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e59\u0e58 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\n(\u0e54) \u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34 \u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e58\u0e51 \u0e25\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e54 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e51\u0e55 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\n(\u0e55) \u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e19\u0e33\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 19 \u0e15\u0e23\u0e35 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\n(\u0e51) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e51) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e19\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\n(\u0e52) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e52) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\n(\u0e53) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e53) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\n(\u0e54) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e54) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\n(\u0e55) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e55) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e33\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e43\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 19 \u0e08\u0e31\u0e15\u0e27\u0e32 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e15\u0e23\u0e35 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e15\u0e23\u0e35 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e17\u0e27\u0e34 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14 \u0e54 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 540<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e19\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e14\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35\n\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e21\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e25\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-540\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 19 \u0e40\u0e1a\u0e0d\u0e08 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \n(\u0e51) \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e17\u0e27\u0e34\n(\u0e52) \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e51) \u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n(\u0e53) \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e51) (\u0e52) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 (\u0e55) \u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e1e \u0e13 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e19\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\n(\u0e54) \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e52) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\n(\u0e55) \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e54) \u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\n\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\n\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 (\u0e51) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 (\u0e52) (\u0e53) (\u0e54) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 (\u0e55) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23 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\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14 \u0e53 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation open><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 19 bis <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>Dans chaque immeuble en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9, les lots d\u00e9tenus par les \u00e9trangers ou personnes morales de l&#039;article 19 ne peuvent exc\u00e9der au total 49 % de la superficie de tous les lots, calcul\u00e9e au moment de la demande d&#039;enregistrement pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l&#039;article 6.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 19 <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>Peuvent poss\u00e9der un lot: \u00e9trangers autoris\u00e9s \u00e0 r\u00e9sider; \u00e9trangers admis via la promotion des investissements; personnes morales des articles 97 et 98 du Code foncier enregistr\u00e9es en Tha\u00eflande; personnes morales \u00e9trang\u00e8res promues; \u00e9trangers ou personnes morales \u00e9trang\u00e8res finan\u00e7ant par devises import\u00e9es, compte en bahts de non-r\u00e9sident ou compte en devises.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 19 ter <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>Lors du transfert \u00e0 un \u00e9tranger ou une personne morale vis\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#039;article 19, le demandeur d\u00e9clare \u00e0 l&#039;agent comp\u00e9tent la liste des d\u00e9tenteurs vis\u00e9s et leur quote-part de superficie; l&#039;acqu\u00e9reur prouve sa qualit\u00e9 ou, pour l&#039;article 19 (5), l&#039;origine de fonds au moins \u00e9gaux au prix du lot.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 19 quater <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>Si les documents de l&#039;article 19 ter sont conformes et que la quote-part \u00e9trang\u00e8re (d\u00e9tenteurs actuels et cessionnaire) ne d\u00e9passe pas le plafond de l&#039;article 19 bis, le fonctionnaire comp\u00e9tent enregistre les droits et actes juridiques sur le lot au profit de l&#039;\u00e9tranger ou de la personne morale cessionnaire.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 540<\/h3><p>Un immeuble ne peut \u00eatre donn\u00e9 \u00e0 bail pour une dur\u00e9e exc\u00e9dant trente ans. Si le contrat a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu pour une dur\u00e9e plus longue, celle-ci est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 trente ans.\nLa dur\u00e9e du bail ci-dessus mentionn\u00e9e peut, \u00e0 son expiration, \u00eatre renouvel\u00e9e, mais sans exc\u00e9der trente ans \u00e0 compter du jour du renouvellement.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-540\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 19 quinquies <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>Vente obligatoire: l&#039;exc\u00e9dent de quota acquis par h\u00e9ritage ou autrement; tous les lots si r\u00e9sidence r\u00e9voqu\u00e9e, expulsion sans dispense ni affectation de remplacement, refus ou r\u00e9vocation BOI. Avis \u00e9crit sous soixante jours; vente sous un an, sinon le Directeur g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Terres vend selon le Code foncier.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>Arr\u00eats de la Cour supr\u00eame<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/supreme-court-decisions\/4655-2566-lease-term-limit\/\">4655\/2566<\/a> (2023): A 30+30+30 Lease Paid Up Front: the Renewal Promise Is Void, the First 30 Years Stand<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/supreme-court-decisions\/17923-2557-foreign-funded-company\/\">17923\/2557<\/a> (2014): Lease That Was Really a Sale: Foreign Buyers Cannot Compel Transfer to a Nominee Company<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>Sources<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code civil et commercial, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), consult\u00e9 le 19 f\u00e9vrier 2026<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-is-actually-proposed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is actually proposed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two separate measures get discussed together and are frequently conflated in property marketing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Measure<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Current law<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Proposed<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Stage as at 1 Aug 2026<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Condominium foreign quota<\/td><td><strong>49% of the combined area of all the units<\/strong><\/td><td>Up to 75%, in some versions limited to designated zones or price floors<\/td><td><strong>Proposal only.<\/strong> Under study since 2024. No bill tabled.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Maximum lease term<\/td><td><strong>30 years<\/strong> (CCC s.540)<\/td><td>Up to 99 years<\/td><td><strong>Proposal only.<\/strong> No enacted amendment.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Transfer and mortgage fee<\/td><td>Standard 2% transfer, 1% mortgage<\/td><td>Reduced to <strong>0.01%<\/strong> for qualifying homes up to 7 million baht, <strong>Thai nationals only<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>IN FORCE.<\/strong> Gazetted 1 Jul 2026, runs to 30 Jun 2027. <strong>Not available to foreign buyers.<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The contrast in that last row is the whole lesson, and it cuts two ways. One measure actually completed the legislative journey while the other two have been discussed for two years. But completing the journey is not the same as helping you. Both announcements state that the buyer must be an individual Thai national, so a foreign buyer pays the standard 2 percent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/property-transfer-taxes\/\">transfer fee<\/a> regardless.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#fdecea;border-left:5px solid #c0392b;padding:15px;margin:20px 0;\">\n<strong>The 0.01% fee cut does not apply to foreign buyers<\/strong><br\/>\n<small>Both Ministry of Interior announcements gazetted on 1 July 2026 require that the buyer be an individual Thai national. A great deal of English-language property coverage reports the headline rate without this condition, which leads foreign buyers to budget 700 baht on a 7 million baht purchase when the real figure is 140,000 baht. If you are buying in your own name under the foreign quota, budget the standard <strong>2 percent transfer fee<\/strong>. Where the reduction can matter to you is on a resale: a Thai buyer purchasing from you may qualify, which affects what the market will bear before 30 June 2027.<\/small>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"why-the-quota-proposal-keeps-stalling\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why the quota proposal keeps stalling<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The economic argument is easy to state. Thai developers hold unsold inventory, foreign demand exists, and raising the cap would clear stock. The political argument against it is just as easy, and it has proven stronger: opponents frame a 75 percent cap as allowing foreign-majority buildings, and enclave anxiety is potent in Thai politics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Successive governments have studied the measure without tabling it. Draft versions have narrowed it to particular provinces or imposed minimum prices, which signals the political difficulty rather than resolving it. Treat any specific figure you read as provisional until a bill exists.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-99-year-lease-a-court-has-already-ruled\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The 99-year lease: a court has already ruled<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The lease proposal deserves separate treatment, because the gap between what is marketed and what is enforceable is already settled law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-540\/\">Section 540 of the Civil and Commercial Code<\/a> caps a lease of immovable property at <strong>30 years<\/strong>. Agents have long marketed a workaround: a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/leasehold\/\">30-year lease<\/a> with two pre-agreed 30-year renewals, sold as 90 years of security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f0f4f8;border-left:4px solid #2c5282;padding:15px;margin:20px 0;font-size:0.95em;\">\n<strong>Supreme Court Decision 4655\/2566<\/strong><br\/>\n<em>A promise, made on the same day as a registered 30-year lease, to renew it twice more for 30 years each at the original rent and on the original terms is void as an evasion of section 540, even where the tenant prepaid all 90 years.<\/em><br\/>\n<small>The tenant had paid 2.7 million baht for the first term and both renewals. The Court held the two renewal promises void because their object was clearly prohibited by law, and refused to enforce them even as a personal obligation between the two parties, since that would defeat section 540. When the first 30 years ended the tenant was evicted and ordered to pay damages for staying on.<\/small>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So a buyer paying today for 90 years is paying for 30 years of enforceable right plus a hope. If parliament later permits 99-year leases, that will not retroactively validate a structure a court has already struck down. We cover this in depth at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/90-year-lease-in-thailand-myth-vs-reality\/\">the 90-year lease myth<\/a>, with the mechanics at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/automatic-renewal-of-a-lease-in-thailand\/\">automatic renewal of a lease<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-decisions-about-lease-in-thailand\/\">renewal options on a 30-year lease<\/a>. Related rulings sit at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-decisions-about-lease-in-thailand\/\">Supreme Court decisions about leases<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"enforcement-tightened-while-the-proposals-stalled\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enforcement tightened while the proposals stalled<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the part most coverage misses. Ownership rules did not loosen in 2026. Enforcement of the existing rules got sharper.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Between 15 and 25 May 2026 the Department of Lands issued three consecutive circulars marked most urgent to every Provincial Land Office, addressing land held for foreigners through Thai proxies. The lead reference is MT 0515.2\/W 10722, dated 15 May 2026.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Be precise about what these are. They are <strong>administrative circulars, not legislation<\/strong>. They create no new law and impose no new reporting duty on the public. What they do is consolidate existing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/land-code\/\">Land Code<\/a> powers into a single operational framework and direct officers to apply it consistently. The legal exposure of a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/nominee\/\">nominee<\/a> arrangement is unchanged. The likelihood of it being examined is not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anyone holding Thai property through a Thai spouse, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/company-limited\/\">Thai company<\/a>, or a Thai friend should read <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-nominee-shareholders\/\">Thai nominee shareholders<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/recent-crackdowns-on-nominees-in-thailand-the-law-and-court-cases\/\">recent crackdowns on nominees<\/a>. The rule that foreigners cannot own land directly is set out at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreigners-buying-land-in-thailand\/\">foreigners buying land in Thailand<\/a>, with the wider picture at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreign-ownership-restrictions-in-thailand\/\">foreign ownership restrictions in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-to-do-instead-of-waiting\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What to do instead of waiting<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Verify the building&#8217;s foreign quota in writing.<\/strong> Ask the juristic person for the current foreign-owned percentage of the combined area of all the units, dated and signed. A verbal assurance from a sales agent is worth nothing at the Land Office.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Budget the full 2 percent transfer fee.<\/strong> The 0.01 percent rate is restricted to individual Thai nationals, so it will not reduce your bill if you buy in your own name under the foreign quota. Factor the reduction into your exit planning instead: a Thai buyer purchasing from you before 30 June 2027 may qualify.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Price a lease at 30 years.<\/strong> If a structure only makes financial sense across 60 or 90 years, it does not make sense.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Consider the lawful alternatives.<\/strong> A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/\">usufruct<\/a> gives a right of use for life, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-vs-lease-vs-superficies-thailand\/\">lease, usufruct and sap ing sith<\/a> compares the options honestly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Run proper due diligence.<\/strong> Title, encumbrances, the juristic person&#8217;s finances, and the developer&#8217;s record. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/due-diligence-in-thailand\/\">due diligence in Thailand<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two related changes bear on the same buyers. Money you remit to fund a purchase interacts with Thailand&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/foreign-sourced-income\/\">remittance tax<\/a> regime, covered in our article on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-foreign-income-tax-2026-what-actually-applies\/\">foreign income and Thai tax residence<\/a>. And if you plan to spend significant time in the property, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/new-visa-rules-thailand-30-day-visa-exemption\/\">2026 visa rule changes<\/a> affect how long you can stay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border-left:5px solid #1a7f4b;background:#f4faf6;padding:16px 18px;margin:26px 0;border-radius:6px;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0;\"><strong>The quota position on your specific unit has to come in writing from the juristic person.<\/strong> We get that letter as part of every purchase: see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/condo-lawyer-in-thailand\/\">condo lawyer in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 27 September 2026.<\/strong> Condominium Act B.E. 2522 sections 19 and 19 bis and Civil and Commercial Code section 540 were read in Thai, Supreme Court Decision 4655\/2566 was read in full to its disposition, and the Department of Lands circulars of 15, 21 and 25 May 2026 and its 30 June 2026 fee-reduction circular were checked. Not independently verified: the history of the 75 percent and 99-year proposals, which rests on press reports, and the Gazette date of the fee-reduction announcements.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000000\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can foreigners own 75 percent of a Thai condominium building in 2026?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. The 49 percent limit in section 19 bis of the Condominium Act B.E. 2522 remains in force. The 75 percent figure comes from a proposal that has been under study since 2024 and has not been enacted. No bill has been tabled in parliament.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000001\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Are 99-year leases legal in Thailand yet?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Section 540 of the Civil and Commercial Code caps a hire of immovable property at thirty years, and a term written for longer is reduced by law to thirty years. The section does allow a renewal once the term has run, but the renewed term cannot itself exceed thirty years from the date of renewal, which is why renewals signed in advance do not build a 99-year right. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/90-year-lease-in-thailand-myth-vs-reality\/\">the 90-year lease myth<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What happens if a building has already used its 49 percent foreign quota?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You cannot register that unit in the foreign quota. You would be buying a Thai-quota unit, which a foreigner cannot hold in their own name. Agents sometimes propose a company or nominee arrangement at this point, which carries the exposure described in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/recent-crackdowns-on-nominees-in-thailand-the-law-and-court-cases\/\">recent crackdowns on nominees<\/a>. Always confirm the remaining quota in writing first.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000003\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Did the Department of Lands circulars create new obligations for foreign owners?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. The May 2026 circulars are internal administrative guidance to Provincial Land Offices. They create no new law and no new public reporting duty. They consolidate existing Land Code powers into one enforcement framework, so scrutiny of nominee structures has increased without the underlying law changing.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000004\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a foreigner use the 0.01 percent transfer fee reduction?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. The reduction is real and runs to 30 June 2027, but both Ministry of Interior announcements gazetted on 1 July 2026 require the buyer to be an individual Thai national. A foreign buyer registering a unit under the foreign quota pays the standard 2 percent transfer fee. Most English-language coverage reports the headline 0.01 percent rate without this condition, which is how foreign buyers end up budgeting 700 baht for a fee that will actually be 140,000 baht on a 7 million baht purchase. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/property-taxes-in-thailand\/\">property taxes in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000005\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Should I wait for the quota to change before buying?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Buy on the law as it stands or do not buy. The proposal has been discussed for two years without a bill, faces real political opposition, and may never pass or may pass in a narrowed form limited to certain zones. Meanwhile the gazetted fee reduction expires on 30 June 2027, so waiting has a measurable cost.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f8f9fa;border-left:4px solid #1a5276;padding:20px;margin:30px 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"margin-top:0;\">Check the ownership structure before you sign<\/h3>\n<p>Serving foreigners in Thailand since 2006, ThaiLawOnline.com verifies foreign quota availability, reviews lease and purchase contracts, and tells clients plainly when a structure will not hold. We would rather stop a bad purchase than litigate it later.<\/p>\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/contact-us\/\">Schedule a consultation<\/a><\/strong>, book a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/property-consultation\/\">property consultation<\/a>, or review our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/property-legal-packages-in-thailand-flat-fees\/\">flat-fee property packages<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/property-guide-for-foreigners-in-thailand\/\">property guide for foreigners<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>What changed: Nothing in the foreign ownership quota. Proposals to raise the condominium foreign quota from 49 percent to 75 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11650,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"tlo_featured_media_th":0,"tlo_featured_media_fr":0,"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-02\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"thailand condo foreign ownership quota","rank_math_title":"Thailand Condo Foreign Ownership Quota: 49% Rule 2026","rank_math_description":"The 49 percent foreign ownership cap on Thai condominiums is unchanged in 2026. What the quota means for your purchase, and what else to verify before you buy.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Thailand Condo Foreign Ownership Quota","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3130","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-property-law","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3130","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3130"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3130\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12534,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3130\/revisions\/12534"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11650"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3130"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3130"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3130"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}