{"id":4900,"date":"2026-08-17T08:44:28","date_gmt":"2026-08-17T01:44:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/personal-guarantee-in-thailand-guarantor-liability-rules\/"},"modified":"2026-11-04T20:53:17","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T13:53:17","slug":"personal-guarantee-in-thailand-guarantor-liability-rules","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/personal-guarantee-in-thailand-guarantor-liability-rules\/","title":{"rendered":"Garantie personnelle en Tha\u00eflande : R\u00e8gles de responsabilit\u00e9 du garant"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Signing a personal guarantee is one of the easiest ways for an expat in Thailand to acquire a debt that is not theirs. Banks routinely require <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/director\/\">directors<\/a>, including foreign directors, to guarantee company loans; landlords and suppliers ask for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/suretyship\/\">guarantors<\/a>; spouses guarantee each other&#8217;s borrowing. A recent <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> decision, <strong>Dika No. 7982\/2568<\/strong>, shows just how durable that liability is: even when the borrower&#8217;s own <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/bankruptcy\/\">bankruptcy<\/a> case was cancelled by the court, three of the four guarantors remained fully on the hook.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-case-four-guarantors-and-a-defaulted-export-loan\">The case: four guarantors and a defaulted export loan<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-guarantees-work-under-thai-law\">How guarantees work under Thai law<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#guarantor-vs-third-party-mortgagor-not-the-same-risk\">Guarantor vs third-party mortgagor: not the same risk<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-expats-should-take-from-this\">What expats should take from this<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#key-statutory-provisions\">Key statutory provisions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-case-four-guarantors-and-a-defaulted-export-loan\">The case: four guarantors and a defaulted export loan<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A bank extended export credit to a company. Four people guaranteed the debt, and two of them also mortgaged their own property as additional security. The company defaulted, and the bank obtained a bankruptcy order against it. Later, the Central Bankruptcy Court cancelled the bankruptcy of the company (and of one guarantor-mortgagor) under <strong>Section 135(3) of the Bankruptcy Act B.E. 2483<\/strong>. The creditor then sued all four guarantors for repayment and enforcement of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/mortgage\/\">mortgages<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The guarantors argued that the cancellation of the debtor&#8217;s bankruptcy relieved them too. The Supreme Court disagreed, and its reasoning is a compact lesson in Thai security law:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Guarantors remain liable.<\/strong> Relief that a debtor obtains through bankruptcy proceedings is personal to the debtor. Under <strong>Section 698 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a> (CCC)<\/strong>, a guarantor is discharged when the principal obligation itself is extinguished, by payment, release, or another cause that kills the debt. A bankruptcy discharge does not extinguish the debt; it only shields the debtor personally. So the creditor could still pursue the three guarantors whose liability was still in issue.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>A guarantor-mortgagor who was herself released by the bankruptcy court kept a limited shield.<\/strong> One defendant whose own bankruptcy had been cancelled under Section 135(3) was released from personal liability for any shortfall, but her mortgaged property still answered for the debt up to its value.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>The other mortgagor, bound by the same shortfall clause but never released in bankruptcy,<\/strong> remained liable for any shortfall after the mortgage sale, as the mortgage contract provided. The security was given between 2011 and 2013, before section 727\/1 was added to the Civil and Commercial Code; the Court&#8217;s short headnote notes that the mortgage predated section 727\/1, and the Court enforced the clause as agreed. The same clause in a mortgage signed today would be void (see below).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court also applied <strong>Sections 95 and 136 of the Bankruptcy Act<\/strong> on the position of secured creditors and the effects of discharge.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 698<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The surety is released from liability as soon as the obligation of the debtor is extinguished, for whatever reason.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-698\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 727\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 11 February 2015<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In any case whatsoever, a mortgagor who mortgages his own property to secure a debt owed by another person is not liable for that debt beyond the value of the mortgaged property at the time the mortgage is enforced or the property is foreclosed.\n Any agreement whose effect is to make the mortgagor liable beyond the limit in paragraph one, or to make the mortgagor liable as a surety, is void, whether that agreement is contained in the mortgage contract or made separately. This does not apply where the debtor is a juristic person and a person having authority by law to manage, or having power to control the operations of, that juristic person mortgages his own property to secure that debt of the juristic person and has entered into a separate contract of suretyship.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-727-1\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 686<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 11 February 2015<\/span><\/h3><p>As amended in 2014, when a debtor defaults the creditor must give written notice to the surety within 60 days of the debtor&#039;s default. Failure to notify within that period releases the surety from liability for interest and compensation, and for any charge accessory to the obligation, arising after the period expires.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">When the debtor is in default, the creditor must give written notice to the surety within sixty days from the date of default. In no case may the creditor call on the surety to perform before the notice has reached the surety; this does not deprive the surety of the right to perform when the obligation falls due.\n Where the creditor fails to give notice within the period in paragraph one, the surety is released from liability for interest and compensation, and for any charge accessory to the obligation, arising after the expiry of that period.\n Where the creditor is entitled to call on the surety to perform, or the surety is entitled to perform, under paragraph one, the surety may satisfy the whole obligation, or exercise the right to perform on the conditions and by the methods of payment available to the debtor before the default, but only as to the part for which the surety is liable. Section 701 paragraph two applies mutatis mutandis.\n While the surety is performing on the debtor&#039;s conditions and methods of payment under paragraph three, the creditor may not claim increased interest by reason of the debtor&#039;s default during that time.\n Performance by the surety under this Section does not affect the surety&#039;s rights under Section 693.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-686\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 681\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 15 July 2015<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Any agreement providing that the surety is liable in the same manner as a joint debtor, or in the capacity of a joint debtor, is void.\n Paragraph one does not apply where the surety is a juristic person which has consented to bind itself as liable in the manner of a joint debtor, or in the capacity of a joint debtor. In that case the juristic person acting as surety does not have the rights provided in Sections 688, 689 and 690.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-681-1\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 680<\/h3><p>Suretyship is a contract by which a third party (the surety) promises the creditor to pay the debtor&#039;s obligation if the debtor fails to perform.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Suretyship is a contract whereby a third person, called the surety, binds himself to a creditor to pay the debt in the event that the debtor fails to pay it.\n A contract of suretyship cannot be enforced by action unless there is some written evidence of it signed by the surety.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-680\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 681<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 11 February 2015<\/span><\/h3><p>Suretyship is valid only for an existing valid obligation. A future or conditional debt may be guaranteed, but the guarantee must specify the purpose, nature of the obligation, maximum guaranteed amount, and period (the period may be omitted for a continuing guarantee of a series of transactions under Section 699), requirements introduced by the 2014 amendment.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A suretyship can exist only for a valid obligation.\n A future or conditional obligation may be guaranteed against the event of that obligation taking effect, but the contract must state the purpose for which the guaranteed obligation is incurred, the nature of the obligation, the maximum amount guaranteed, and the period during which the guaranteed obligation may be incurred. That period need not be stated where the suretyship is for a series of connected transactions under Section 699.\n A contract of suretyship must identify the obligation or the contract guaranteed clearly and expressly, and the surety is liable only for the obligation or contract so identified.\n An obligation arising from a contract which does not bind the debtor by reason of mistake or of incapacity may nevertheless be validly guaranteed, if the surety knew of the mistake or the incapacity at the time of entering into the contract.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-681\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 685\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 15 July 2015<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Any agreement relating to suretyship which differs from Section 681 paragraphs one, two and three, Section 686, Section 694, Section 698 or Section 699 is void.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-685-1\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 135 <small>Bankruptcy Act B.E. 2483<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Upon application by an interested person or the official receiver, the Court shall have the power to order the annulment of the bankruptcy if any of the following grounds appears: (1) the official receiver is unable to proceed effectively for the benefit of the creditors because the petitioning creditor does not assist, or does not agree to pay the fees or expenses or to deposit the security demanded by the official receiver, and no other creditor is able and willing to do so within a period of one month from the date on which the petitioning creditor so refused or neglected; (2) the debtor ought not to have been adjudged bankrupt; (3) the debts of the bankrupt have been paid in full. If the debtor disputes any debt but agrees to enter into a contract and to give security to the Court that the full amount together with the fees will be paid, or if the creditor cannot be found but the debtor has deposited the full amount with the Court, that debt shall be deemed to have been paid in full; (4) when the official receiver has made the final distribution of property, or there is no property to be distributed to the creditors, and thereafter, within a period of ten years, the official receiver has been unable to collect any further property of the bankrupt and no creditor has applied to the official receiver to collect property of the bankrupt.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/dWNDc0pxS3NteHBmaHJoTE9KakhKdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 698<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e38\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e23\u0e30\u0e07\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-698\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 727\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 11 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2558<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-727-1\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 686<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 11 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2558<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e14 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e14 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e38\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e08\u0e19\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e20\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e57\u0e50\u0e51 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e59\u0e53<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-686\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 681\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 15 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2558<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21 \u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 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\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e58\u0e58 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e58\u0e59 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e59\u0e50[\u0e51\u0e56]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-681-1\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 680<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2d\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-680\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 681<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 11 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2558<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e15\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e59\u0e59 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-681\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 685\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 15 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2558<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e58\u0e51 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e58\u0e56 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e59\u0e54 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e59\u0e58 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e59\u0e59 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-685-1\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 135 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e1e\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e28\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a 2483<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e17\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e34\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e51) \u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e17\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e17\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e43\u0e08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e37\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n(\u0e52) \u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\n(\u0e53) \u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e18\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e1a \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\n(\u0e54) \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e17\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e17\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e23\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e17\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/dWNDc0pxS3NteHBmaHJoTE9KakhKdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation open><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 698<\/h3><p>La caution est lib\u00e9r\u00e9e d\u00e8s que la dette du d\u00e9biteur est \u00e9teinte, pour quelque cause que ce soit.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-698\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 727\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 11 f\u00e9vrier 2015<\/span><\/h3><p>En tout \u00e9tat de cause, celui qui hypoth\u00e8que son propre bien pour garantir la dette d&#039;autrui n&#039;en r\u00e9pond pas au-del\u00e0 de la valeur du bien hypoth\u00e9qu\u00e9 au moment de la r\u00e9alisation de l&#039;hypoth\u00e8que ou de l&#039;attribution du bien au cr\u00e9ancier. Est nulle toute convention, incluse dans le contrat d&#039;hypoth\u00e8que ou s\u00e9par\u00e9e, l&#039;obligeant au-del\u00e0 ou le rendant responsable comme une caution, sauf lorsque le d\u00e9biteur est une personne morale, que le constituant est la personne l\u00e9galement habilit\u00e9e \u00e0 la g\u00e9rer ou une personne contr\u00f4lant ses op\u00e9rations, qu&#039;il hypoth\u00e8que son propre bien pour cette dette et qu&#039;il a conclu un contrat de cautionnement distinct.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-727-1\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 686<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 11 f\u00e9vrier 2015<\/span><\/h3><p>En cas de d\u00e9faut du d\u00e9biteur, le cr\u00e9ancier doit aviser la caution par \u00e9crit dans les soixante jours du d\u00e9faut et ne peut exiger d&#039;elle le paiement avant que l&#039;avis lui parvienne, la caution pouvant toutefois payer \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9ch\u00e9ance. Faute d&#039;avis dans ce d\u00e9lai, la caution est lib\u00e9r\u00e9e des int\u00e9r\u00eats, dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats et charges accessoires n\u00e9s apr\u00e8s son expiration. D\u00e8s que le cr\u00e9ancier peut exiger, ou la caution peut faire, le paiement, la caution peut, dans la limite de sa responsabilit\u00e9, payer le tout ou payer selon les conditions dont le d\u00e9biteur b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiait avant le d\u00e9faut, l&#039;article 701, alin\u00e9a 2, s&#039;appliquant par analogie ; le cr\u00e9ancier ne peut alors r\u00e9clamer d&#039;int\u00e9r\u00eats suppl\u00e9mentaires pour ce d\u00e9faut. Les droits de la caution selon l&#039;article 693 sont pr\u00e9serv\u00e9s.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-686\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 681\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 15 juillet 2015<\/span><\/h3><p>Est nulle la clause obligeant la caution comme cod\u00e9biteur solidaire, sauf pour la caution personne morale qui y consent; celle-ci perd alors les droits pr\u00e9vus aux articles 688, 689 et 690.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-681-1\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 680<\/h3><p>Le cautionnement est le contrat par lequel un tiers, appel\u00e9 caution, s&#039;engage envers un cr\u00e9ancier \u00e0 payer la dette si le d\u00e9biteur ne la paie pas. Faute d&#039;une preuve \u00e9crite quelconque sign\u00e9e par la caution, le cautionnement ne peut faire l&#039;objet d&#039;une action en justice.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-680\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 681<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 11 f\u00e9vrier 2015<\/span><\/h3><p>Le cautionnement n&#039;existe que pour une dette valable. Une dette future ou conditionnelle peut \u00eatre garantie pour le cas o\u00f9 elle se r\u00e9alise, \u00e0 condition de pr\u00e9ciser l&#039;objet de la dette garantie, la nature de l&#039;obligation, le montant maximal garanti et la p\u00e9riode de formation de la dette, cette p\u00e9riode pouvant \u00eatre omise pour un cautionnement d&#039;op\u00e9rations successives (article 699). Le contrat doit d\u00e9signer clairement la dette ou le contrat garanti, et la caution ne r\u00e9pond que de ceux-ci. Une dette n\u00e9e d&#039;un contrat non obligatoire pour erreur ou incapacit\u00e9 peut \u00eatre valablement garantie si la caution connaissait cette cause en s&#039;engageant.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-681\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 685\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 15 juillet 2015<\/span><\/h3><p>Est nulle toute convention relative au cautionnement qui d\u00e9roge \u00e0 l&#039;article 681, alin\u00e9as 1, 2 et 3, ou aux articles 686, 694, 698 et 699.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-685-1\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 135 <small>Bankruptcy Act B.E. 2483<\/small><\/h3><p>Sur demande d&#039;un int\u00e9ress\u00e9 ou du syndic, le tribunal peut annuler la faillite : (1) si le syndic ne peut agir utilement parce que le cr\u00e9ancier poursuivant refuse d&#039;aider, de payer les frais et d\u00e9penses ou de consigner la garantie demand\u00e9e, aucun autre cr\u00e9ancier ne le faisant dans le mois suivant ce refus ou cette n\u00e9gligence ; (2) si le d\u00e9biteur n&#039;aurait pas d\u00fb \u00eatre d\u00e9clar\u00e9 en faillite ; (3) si les dettes sont int\u00e9gralement pay\u00e9es, une dette contest\u00e9e garantie devant le tribunal, ou consign\u00e9e si le cr\u00e9ancier est introuvable, \u00e9tant r\u00e9put\u00e9e pay\u00e9e ; (4) si, dans les dix ans suivant la derni\u00e8re r\u00e9partition ou le constat d&#039;absence d&#039;actif, aucun bien n&#039;a pu \u00eatre recouvr\u00e9 et aucun cr\u00e9ancier n&#039;a demand\u00e9 de recouvrement.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/dWNDc0pxS3NteHBmaHJoTE9KakhKdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>Sources<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code civil et commercial, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/dWNDc0pxS3NteHBmaHJoTE9KakhKdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Bankruptcy Act B.E. 2483<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 4 novembre 2026<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-guarantees-work-under-thai-law\">How guarantees work under Thai law<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A guarantee (\u0e04\u0e49\u0e33\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19) is governed by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/\">CCC Sections 680 to 701<\/a>. The guarantor promises the creditor to perform if the principal debtor defaults. Three features of the regime matter most in practice:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Rule<\/th><th>Practical effect<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>CCC ss.680 and 681, definition and form<\/td><td>The guarantee must relate to a valid principal obligation and be evidenced in writing to be enforceable<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>CCC s.686, notice of default<\/td><td>The creditor must notify the guarantor within 60 days of the debtor&#8217;s default before demanding payment from the guarantor<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>CCC s.698, discharge<\/td><td>The guarantor is released when the principal debt itself is extinguished, not when the debtor merely becomes personally unreachable (e.g. through bankruptcy relief)<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since the 2014-2015 amendments to the CCC (Acts No. 20 and 21 amending the Civil and Commercial Code), individual guarantors enjoy meaningful protections: clauses that make an individual guarantor liable &#8220;as a joint debtor&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/void-and-voidable\/\">are void<\/a>, the guaranteed obligation must be specifically described (amount, purpose, period), and pre-agreed waivers of the guarantor&#8217;s statutory defences are unenforceable. But none of those protections touches the core rule confirmed in Dika 7982\/2568: the guarantee survives the debtor&#8217;s personal escape routes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"guarantor-vs-third-party-mortgagor-not-the-same-risk\">Guarantor vs third-party mortgagor: not the same risk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The decision illustrates, although it does not itself rule on, the line between two roles that are often confused when banks paper a loan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th><\/th><th>Guarantor<\/th><th>Third-party mortgagor<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>What is at stake<\/td><td>Entire personal wealth (subject to the contract and CCC limits)<\/td><td>Only the mortgaged property, up to its value<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Shortfall after sale of security<\/td><td>Liable, if the contract so provides<\/td><td>Not personally liable for the shortfall, and since 2015 a clause saying otherwise is void (CCC s.727\/1), unless the borrower is a company and the mortgagor, as its director or controller, also signed a separate guarantee<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Debtor&#8217;s bankruptcy relief<\/td><td>No release (CCC s.698; Dika 7982\/2568)<\/td><td>Property still answers for the debt<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Dika 7982\/2568, one mortgagor was shielded from any shortfall only because her own bankruptcy had been cancelled under Bankruptcy Act section 135(3), while the other mortgagor, bound by a shortfall clause, and the guarantors remained exposed for the full remaining debt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-expats-should-take-from-this\">What expats should take from this<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, treat a guarantee as a real debt, not a formality. If the borrower fails, Thai courts will enforce the guarantee even where the borrower has been through bankruptcy, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/debt-collection-lawyer-in-thailand\/\">debt collection<\/a> against guarantors is routine and effective.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, negotiate the paper. If you must provide security, offering a specific asset as a third-party mortgagor limited to that asset is dramatically safer than an open-ended personal guarantee. If you sign a guarantee, cap the amount, limit the duration, and refuse shortfall clauses where possible. The wording of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/loan-agreement-in-thailand\/\">the loan agreement<\/a> and the guarantee, not fairness, will decide the outcome.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Third, remember the 60-day notice rule. If a creditor sat on a default for months before contacting you, the CCC s.686 notice requirement (and its consequences for interest and accessory liabilities) is one of the few statutory defences an individual guarantor holds, alongside verifying that the underlying instrument, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/promissory-note-in-thailand\/\">a promissory note<\/a>, is itself enforceable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-statutory-provisions\">Key statutory provisions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Civil and Commercial Code <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-680\/\">Sections 680<\/a>, 681\/1, 686 and 698 (guarantee: form, joint-debtor clauses, notice of default, discharge) and 727\/1 (liability of a third-party mortgagor); Bankruptcy Act B.E. 2483 Sections 95, 135(3) and 136 (secured creditors, cancellation of bankruptcy, effects of discharge), all as applied in Supreme Court decision 7982\/2568.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000000\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">If the borrower goes bankrupt in Thailand, is the guarantor released?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Bankruptcy relief is personal to the debtor. Under CCC Section 698 and Dika 7982\/2568, the guarantor remains liable because the underlying debt still exists.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000001\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a Thai bank make me liable as a &#8220;joint debtor&#8221; in a guarantee?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Not if you are an individual. Since the 2014-2015 CCC amendments, clauses making an individual guarantor liable as a joint debtor are void, though the guarantee itself remains valid.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between guaranteeing a loan and mortgaging my property for someone else&#8217;s loan?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A guarantor&#8217;s exposure can reach their entire wealth; a third-party mortgagor generally risks only the mortgaged property, and is not liable for a shortfall after its sale because under CCC section 727\/1 a clause making them liable beyond the property is void, unless the borrower is a company and the mortgagor, as its director or controller, also signed a separate guarantee. Mortgages signed before 2015 can still carry a valid shortfall clause.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000003\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does the creditor have to notify me before suing me as guarantor?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Under CCC Section 686 the creditor must give the guarantor written notice within 60 days of the debtor&#8217;s default. Late notice does not void the guarantee but limits accessory liabilities such as accrued interest.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000004\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can foreigners act as guarantors in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, and they frequently must, banks commonly require foreign directors to guarantee their Thai company&#8217;s borrowing. The obligations are enforceable against them in Thai courts like any other contract.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@graph\": [{\"@type\": \"Article\", \"headline\": \"Personal Guarantee in Thailand: Guarantor Liability Rules\", \"author\": {\"@type\": \"Person\", \"name\": \"S\u00e9bastien Brousseau\"}, \"publisher\": {\"@type\": \"Organization\", \"name\": \"ThaiLawOnline\"}, \"datePublished\": \"2026-08-17\", \"about\": [\"Thai guarantee law\", \"suretyship\", \"Civil and Commercial Code\", \"Bankruptcy Act\"]}]}<\/script>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This article was written and reviewed by S\u00e9bastien Brousseau, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/ll-b\/\">LL.B<\/a>., <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/b-sc\/\">B.Sc<\/a>., who has been based in Thailand since 2004 and has run ThaiLawOnline since 2006. Before you sign, or enforce, a guarantee in Thailand, have the document reviewed. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/our-services\/\">Contact ThaiLawOnline<\/a> for a consultation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Disclaimer: this article is general information only and is not legal advice. Consult a qualified lawyer about your specific situation.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Last reviewed: 27 September 2026. Read in Thai: Civil and Commercial Code sections 681\/1, 686, 698 and 727\/1, and Supreme Court Decision 7982\/2568 in full, to the disposition. The Bankruptcy Act sections are stated as the Court applied them and were not read separately.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Arr\u00eat de la Cour supr\u00eame tha\u00eflandaise 7982\/2568 : les garants restent tenus de leur responsabilit\u00e9 m\u00eame apr\u00e8s la fin de la faillite du d\u00e9biteur. R\u00e8gles du cautionnement selon les articles 680 \u00e0 698 du Code civil et commercial.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4902,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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