{"id":4964,"date":"2026-08-21T15:24:59","date_gmt":"2026-08-21T08:24:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/?p=4964"},"modified":"2026-11-10T05:33:54","modified_gmt":"2026-11-09T22:33:54","slug":"enforcing-foreign-judgments-awards-thailand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/enforcing-foreign-judgments-awards-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"Jugements \u00e9trangers en Tha\u00eflande : ex\u00e9cution"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"dek wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Updated 14 August 2026.<\/strong> You won your case abroad. The money, the company, or the land sits in Thailand. What happens next depends entirely on which piece of paper you are holding. A foreign court judgment cannot be enforced in Thailand and sends you back to the start of a fresh trial. A foreign arbitral award can be enforced, through a court petition, on a three-year clock. This guide covers both routes, what each costs, how long each takes, and the clause you should have written before any of this happened.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-short-answer\">The short answer<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#why-thailand-does-not-enforce-foreign-court-judgments\">Why Thailand does not enforce foreign court judgments<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-actually-happens-when-you-bring-a-foreign-judgment-to-thailand\">What actually happens when you bring a foreign judgment to Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#foreign-arbitral-awards-the-route-that-works\">Foreign arbitral awards: the route that works<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#setting-aside-and-refusing-enforcement-are-not-the-same-thing\">Setting aside and refusing enforcement are not the same thing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#public-policy-in-thai-practice-and-the-hopewell-warning\">Public policy in Thai practice, and the Hopewell warning<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#after-the-order-the-writ-of-execution\">After the order: the writ of execution<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-it-costs-and-how-long-it-takes\">What it costs and how long it takes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-exception-foreign-divorce-and-family-status\">The exception: foreign divorce and family status<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#write-the-clause-that-prevents-all-of-this\">Write the clause that prevents all of this<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-thailawonline-can-help\">How ThaiLawOnline can help<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-short-answer\">The short answer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai law draws a hard line between a judgment handed down by a foreign court and an award handed down by an arbitral tribunal. The line decides everything that follows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th><\/th><th>Foreign court judgment<\/th><th>Foreign arbitral award<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Enforceable directly in Thailand<\/td><td>No<\/td><td>Yes, on conditions<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>What you file<\/td><td>A fresh civil action on the original claim<\/td><td>A petition to enforce the award<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Governing law<\/td><td>No statute. Supreme Court practice only<\/td><td>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545 (2002), sections 41 to 45<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Deadline to start<\/td><td>The Thai prescription period for the underlying claim<\/td><td>Three years from the date the award became enforceable<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Can the Thai court reopen the merits<\/td><td>Yes, completely<\/td><td>No. It reviews procedure and public policy<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Realistic timeline<\/td><td>12 to 24 months at first instance, longer on appeal<\/td><td>Months, if unopposed. Longer if the debtor resists<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/fj-diagram.png\" alt=\"Enforcing foreign judgments in Thailand: the re-litigation route for court judgments and the section 42 petition route for arbitral awards\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A foreign judgment restarts the case. A foreign award goes straight to a petition. Both routes end at the same place: a writ of execution and the Legal Execution Department.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">Le droit applicable \u00e0 cette page<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 41 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Subject to section 42, section 43 and section 44, an arbitral award, irrespective of the country in which it was made, shall be binding on the parties to the dispute and, upon a request made to the competent court, shall be enforceable. In the case of an arbitral award made in a foreign country, the competent court shall give judgment enforcing the award only if the award is subject to a treaty, convention or international agreement to which Thailand is a party, and the award shall be enforceable only to the extent that Thailand has agreed to be bound.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 42 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">When a party wishes to have an award of the arbitral tribunal enforced, that party shall file a motion with the competent court within three years from the date on which the award becomes enforceable. Upon receipt of the motion, the court shall promptly conduct an inquiry and render judgment forthwith. The person applying for enforcement of an award of the arbitral tribunal must produce the following documents to the court: (1) the original award or a certified copy thereof; (2) the original arbitration agreement or a certified copy thereof; (3) a Thai translation of the award and of the arbitration agreement, made by a translator who has been sworn or has made an affirmation before the court or before an official or person authorised to administer oaths or affirmations, or certified by an official authorised to certify translations, or by a Thai diplomatic or consular agent in the country where the award or the arbitration agreement was made.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 43 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The court may issue an order refusing to enforce an arbitral award, irrespective of the country in which the award was made, if the person against whom the award is to be enforced proves that: (1) a party to the arbitration agreement was under some incapacity under the law applicable to that party; (2) the arbitration agreement is not binding under the law of the country agreed by the parties or, failing such agreement, under the law of the country where the award was made; (3) the person against whom the award is to be enforced was not given proper advance notice of the appointment of the arbitral tribunal or of the arbitral proceedings, or was otherwise unable to present his case in the arbitration; (4) the award deals with a dispute not falling within the scope of the arbitration agreement, or contains decisions beyond the scope of the submission of the dispute to the arbitral tribunal, provided that, if the part of the award beyond the scope can be separated from the part within the scope, the court may enforce the part of the award that falls within the scope of the arbitration agreement or submission; (5) the composition of the arbitral tribunal or the arbitral procedure was not in accordance with the agreement of the parties or, failing such agreement, with the law of the country where the award was made; or (6) the award has not yet become binding, or has been set aside or suspended by a competent court or under the law of the country where the award was made, except that, where an application to set aside or suspend the award is still pending before the competent court, the court may adjourn the hearing of the case for enforcement of the award as it considers appropriate and, on the request of the party seeking enforcement, may order the party against whom enforcement is sought to provide appropriate security first.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 44 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The court may issue an order refusing enforcement of an arbitral award under section 43 if it appears to the court that the award concerns a dispute that cannot be settled by arbitration under the law, or that enforcement of the award would be contrary to public order or good morals.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 45 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">No appeal shall lie against an order or judgment of the court under this Act, except where: (1) the recognition or enforcement of the award would be contrary to public order or good morals; (2) the order or judgment contravenes provisions of law relating to public order; (3) the order or judgment is not in conformity with the award of the arbitral tribunal; (4) a judge or an administrative judge who heard the case has given a dissenting opinion in the judgment; or (5) the order concerns interim measures to protect the interests of a party under section 16. An appeal against an order or judgment of the court under this Act shall be made to the Supreme Court or the Supreme Administrative Court, as the case may be.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 274<\/h3><p>If the losing party does not comply with the decree, the winning party may enforce the judgment by seizing property, attaching claims, or other means, but only within ten years of the judgment. For instalment or future debts, the ten years is counted from when each part becomes due. A transferee or successor of the claim can step in as the judgment creditor.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If a party or person who is the losing party, or a person against whom the court has rendered a judgment or order to pay a debt (the judgment debtor), has failed to comply with the decree issued under the judgment or order of the court, in whole or in part, the party or person who is the winning party, or the person to whom the court has rendered a judgment or order to receive payment of a debt (the judgment creditor), is entitled to apply for execution by means of seizure of property, attachment of a claim, or execution by other means under the provisions of this Book, within ten years from the date of the judgment or order. And if the judgment creditor has, within that period, requested the executing officer to seize any property or attach any claim, or has carried out execution by other means in part, execution against that property or claim, or by that other means, may be continued to completion. If the judgment or order requires payment of a debt in instalments, monthly, or yearly, or requires the future payment of a debt in any manner, the ten-year period under paragraph one shall be counted from the date on which the debt under the judgment or order becomes enforceable. If the claim under the judgment or order is for the payment of money, or the return or delivery of specific property, a person who has received a transfer of, or succeeded to, the rights under the judgment or order has the power to execute under Chapter 2 on execution in the case of a monetary debt, or Chapter 3 on execution in the case of the return or delivery of specific property, as the case may be, by applying to the court to be substituted as the judgment creditor.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-274\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 193\/32<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A claim established by a final judgment of the Court or by a compromise agreement is subject to a prescription period of ten years, whatever the prescription period of the original claim.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-193-32\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 17 <small>Family Registration Act B.E. 2478<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If any act concerning family status has been done in a foreign country in the form prescribed by the law of the country where it was done, an interested person may apply to have it recorded in Siam, but must submit the documents evidencing that act, duly certified, together with a Thai translation, at that party&#039;s own expense. If such an act has been done in a foreign country in the form prescribed by Siamese law, the Siamese diplomatic or consular officer shall send a duly certified copy of the register or record to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for forwarding to the Ministry of Interior.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/R2xyZWxNQ2N4TmdQUVZTa0tTaVEydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 41 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54\u0e52 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54\u0e53 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54\u0e54 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e43\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e35 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e19\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 42 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e31\u0e19\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\n(\u0e51) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\n(\u0e52) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\n(\u0e53) \u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e15\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e39\u0e15\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e25\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 43 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e18\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e08\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\n(\u0e51) \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e14\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n(\u0e52) \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\n(\u0e53) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e25\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e49\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\n(\u0e54) \u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e41\u0e22\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n(\u0e55) \u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\n(\u0e56) \u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e30\u0e07\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e30\u0e07\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 44 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e18\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54\u0e53 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e08\u0e30\u0e23\u0e30\u0e07\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e35\u0e25\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e14\u0e35\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 45 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2545<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\n(\u0e51) \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e35\u0e25\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e14\u0e35\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\n(\u0e52) \u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\n(\u0e53) \u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\n(\u0e54) \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e41\u0e22\u0e49\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\n(\u0e55) \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e38\u0e49\u0e21\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 274<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p 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(\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32) \u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e22\u0e36\u0e14\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 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\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e08\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e07\u0e27\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e15 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14 \u0e52 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14 \u0e53 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-274\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 193\/32<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e34\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e14<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-193-32\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 17 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e27 \u0e1e\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e28\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a 2478<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e27\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e39\u0e15\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e32\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e14\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/R2xyZWxNQ2N4TmdQUVZTa0tTaVEydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation open><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 41 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><p>Sous r\u00e9serve des articles 42, 43 et 44, la sentence arbitrale, quel que soit le pays o\u00f9 elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 rendue, lie les parties et est ex\u00e9cutoire sur requ\u00eate au tribunal comp\u00e9tent. Une sentence rendue \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9tranger n&#039;est rendue ex\u00e9cutoire par jugement que si elle rel\u00e8ve d&#039;un trait\u00e9, d&#039;une convention ou d&#039;un accord international auquel la Tha\u00eflande est partie, et seulement dans la mesure de l&#039;engagement de la Tha\u00eflande.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 42 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><p>Ex\u00e9cution demand\u00e9e au tribunal comp\u00e9tent dans les trois ans du jour o\u00f9 la sentence est ex\u00e9cutoire; instruction et jugement sans d\u00e9lai. Produire l&#039;original ou une copie certifi\u00e9e de la sentence et de la convention, et leur traduction tha\u00efe asserment\u00e9e ou certifi\u00e9e (autorit\u00e9 habilit\u00e9e ou consul tha\u00ef).<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 43 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><p>Le tribunal peut refuser l&#039;ex\u00e9cution, d&#039;o\u00f9 que vienne la sentence, si la partie vis\u00e9e prouve: (1) l&#039;incapacit\u00e9 d&#039;une partie selon sa loi applicable; (2) l&#039;invalidit\u00e9 de la convention selon la loi choisie ou, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, du pays de la sentence; (3) le d\u00e9faut de notification r\u00e9guli\u00e8re de la d\u00e9signation des arbitres ou de la proc\u00e9dure, ou l&#039;impossibilit\u00e9 de se d\u00e9fendre; (4) un d\u00e9passement de la convention ou de la saisine, la partie s\u00e9parable pouvant \u00eatre ex\u00e9cut\u00e9e; (5) une constitution ou proc\u00e9dure non conforme \u00e0 l&#039;accord des parties ou, \u00e0 d\u00e9faut, \u00e0 la loi du pays de la sentence; (6) une sentence non obligatoire, annul\u00e9e ou suspendue par un tribunal comp\u00e9tent ou selon cette loi. Recours pendant: le tribunal peut surseoir et, sur demande du requ\u00e9rant, exiger une garantie.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 44 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><p>Le tribunal peut refuser l&#039;ex\u00e9cution de la sentence, dans le cadre de l&#039;article 43, s&#039;il lui appara\u00eet que le litige n&#039;est pas susceptible d&#039;arbitrage selon la loi ou que l&#039;ex\u00e9cution serait contraire \u00e0 l&#039;ordre public ou aux bonnes m\u0153urs.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 45 <small>Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/small><\/h3><p>Ordonnances et jugements rendus en vertu de la loi sans appel, sauf: ordre public ou bonnes m\u0153urs, violation d&#039;une loi d&#039;ordre public, non-conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 la sentence, opinion dissidente d&#039;un juge, mesures provisoires de l&#039;article 16. Appel devant la Cour supr\u00eame ou la Cour administrative supr\u00eame.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 274<\/h3><p>Le cr\u00e9ancier peut demander l&#039;ex\u00e9cution dans les 10 ans de la d\u00e9cision; l&#039;ex\u00e9cution engag\u00e9e \u00e0 temps se poursuit. Pour les dettes \u00e9chelonn\u00e9es ou futures, le d\u00e9lai court de leur exigibilit\u00e9. Pour l&#039;argent ou un bien d\u00e9termin\u00e9, le cessionnaire ou subrog\u00e9 peut se substituer au cr\u00e9ancier sur requ\u00eate au tribunal.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-274\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 193\/32<\/h3><p>Le droit de cr\u00e9ance r\u00e9sultant d&#039;un jugement d\u00e9finitif ou d&#039;une transaction se prescrit par dix ans, quel que soit le d\u00e9lai de prescription applicable \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ance d&#039;origine.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/thai-civil-code\/section-193-32\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 17 <small>Family Registration Act B.E. 2478<\/small><\/h3><p>Un acte d&#039;\u00e9tat familial pass\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9tranger selon la forme locale peut \u00eatre inscrit au Siam \u00e0 la demande de l&#039;int\u00e9ress\u00e9, sur pi\u00e8ces certifi\u00e9es et traduction tha\u00efe \u00e0 ses frais. Pass\u00e9 selon la forme siamoise, l&#039;agent diplomatique ou consulaire transmet copie certifi\u00e9e aux Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, pour l&#039;Int\u00e9rieur.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/R2xyZWxNQ2N4TmdQUVZTa0tTaVEydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>Sources<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/WEw1TTJHd252V2djRU4zdXpkKzRGdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Arbitration Act B.E. 2545<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 4 novembre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code de proc\u00e9dure civile, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Code civil et commercial, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/R2xyZWxNQ2N4TmdQUVZTa0tTaVEydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Family Registration Act B.E. 2478<\/a>, consult\u00e9 le 31 octobre 2026<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"why-thailand-does-not-enforce-foreign-court-judgments\">Why Thailand does not enforce foreign court judgments<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No Thai statute provides for the recognition or enforcement of foreign court judgments. Thailand has signed no bilateral judgment-enforcement treaty, and it is not a contracting party to the 2019 Hague Judgments Convention, which as of 2026 binds the European Union, the United Kingdom, Ukraine, Uruguay, Albania, Andorra and Montenegro.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nothing fills the gap. The consequence is blunt. Inside Thailand, your foreign judgment is not a judgment at all. It is a document.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-actually-happens-when-you-bring-a-foreign-judgment-to-thailand\">What actually happens when you bring a foreign judgment to Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"you-file-a-fresh-action-on-the-original-claim\">You file a fresh action on the original claim<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To reach a Thai debtor&#8217;s assets, the creditor starts a new civil case in a Thai court on the underlying cause of action: the unpaid invoice, the breached contract, the loan that was never repaid. You plead it under Thai law and you prove it again from the beginning. The foreign judgment goes into the file as evidence of what happened, not as an order the Thai court has to obey.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"three-conditions-before-the-judgment-counts-as-evidence\">Three conditions before the judgment counts as evidence<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> practice sets three conditions before a foreign judgment is admissible in Thai proceedings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the judgment is <strong>final<\/strong> in the country that issued it, meaning no appeal is pending and none can still be brought;<\/li>\n\n<li>it came from a court with <strong>subject-matter jurisdiction<\/strong>;<\/li>\n\n<li>it does not contravene <strong>public order or the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/good-morals\/\">good morals<\/a><\/strong> of the Thai people.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Judgments on the merits, after proper notice and a real chance to defend, carry weight. Default judgments and rulings decided on procedural technicalities carry much less, because the Thai court can see that nobody tested the facts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"evidence-is-not-authority\">Evidence is not authority<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Satisfy all three conditions and the Thai court still owes you nothing. It weighs the foreign judgment alongside the rest of the evidence, applies Thai law to the claim, and can reach a different result on the same facts. Foreign counsel routinely underestimates this. Winning in London does not mean winning in Bangkok. It means arriving in Bangkok with good evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-prescription-trap\">The prescription trap<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the risk that costs people the entire claim, and no competing English-language page mentions it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because the Thai action runs on the <em>underlying claim<\/em>, the relevant Thai <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/prescription\/\">prescription period<\/a> is the one attached to that claim. Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-legal-system-explained\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a> the default is ten years from the date the claim arose (section 193\/30), but many commercial and trade claims fall under much shorter periods. A creditor who spent four years litigating in New York may land in Thailand holding a fresh judgment on a claim that expired here while the foreign case was running.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 193\/32 gives a ten-year prescription to a claim established by a final judgment, and creditors reach for it. Whether a Thai court will apply it to a <em>foreign<\/em> judgment, given that Thai law does not treat a foreign judgment as establishing anything, is not settled in the published sources. Do not build a recovery plan on it. Get Thai advice on the prescription position before the foreign case ends, not after.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"foreign-arbitral-awards-the-route-that-works\">Foreign arbitral awards: the route that works<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/arbitration\/\">Arbitration<\/a> is a different world. Thailand acceded to the New York Convention on 21 December 1959, and it came into force here on 20 March 1960. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/alternative-dispute-resolution-in-thailand\/\">Arbitration Act B.E. 2545 (2002)<\/a>, amended by the Arbitration Act (No. 2) B.E. 2562 (2019), follows the UNCITRAL Model Law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"section-41-the-treaty-gate\">Section 41: the treaty gate<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 41 makes an award binding on the parties whichever country produced it. Its second paragraph is the sentence that matters most to a foreign creditor: an award made abroad is enforceable by a Thai court <strong>only if<\/strong> it is subject to an international convention, treaty or agreement to which Thailand is a party, and only to the extent Thailand has agreed to be bound. Enforcement is conditional, not automatic. In practice the New York Convention is the gate almost every foreign award walks through.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"section-42-three-years-and-what-you-file\">Section 42: three years, and what you file<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 42 carries both halves of the filing step. The party seeking enforcement applies to the competent court <strong>within three years from the day the award became enforceable<\/strong>. The same section lists the documents:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>the original arbitral award or a certified copy;<\/li>\n\n<li>the original arbitration agreement or a certified copy;<\/li>\n\n<li>a Thai translation of both, by a translator sworn before a court or before an official or person authorised to administer oaths, or certified by an official authorised to certify translations or by a Thai diplomatic or consular officer in the country where the award or the arbitration agreement was made.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The translation requirement quietly sinks timelines. Sworn translation of a long award takes weeks, and a translation the court rejects sends you back to the start. Budget for it early. Our notes on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legal-interpreters-in-thai-courtrooms\/\">legal interpreters in Thai courtrooms<\/a> and on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/notary-services-thailand\/\">notarisation and legalisation<\/a> cover what Thai courts accept.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sections-43-and-44-when-the-court-can-refuse\">Sections 43 and 44: when the court can refuse<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 43 lists six grounds, and the burden sits on the party resisting enforcement, who has to prove them: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/incapacity\/\">incapacity<\/a> of a party; an arbitration agreement not binding under the law the parties chose or, failing a choice, under the law of the country where the award was made; lack of proper notice of the tribunal&#8217;s appointment or of the proceedings; an award that goes beyond the scope of the agreement; a tribunal or a procedure that departed from what the parties agreed; and an award not yet binding, or set aside or suspended where it was made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 44 lets the court dismiss the application on its own assessment, on two grounds: the dispute is not capable of settlement by arbitration under Thai law, or enforcement would be contrary to public policy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read together these mirror Article V of the New York Convention. The court checks the process, not the reasoning. A losing party who simply disagrees with the tribunal has nothing to argue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"section-45-appeal-goes-straight-to-the-supreme-court\">Section 45: appeal goes straight to the Supreme Court<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 45 bars appeals against a court order under the Act except on five grounds: recognition or enforcement is contrary to public policy; the order or judgment is contrary to a provision of law concerning public policy; the order or judgment does not match the award; a judge dissented; or the order concerns interim protective measures under section 16. The appeal goes to the Supreme Court, or to the Supreme Administrative Court where the case started there, skipping the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-of-appeal\/\">Court of Appeal<\/a> entirely. That is unusual, and worth knowing before you plan a timeline. Compare the ordinary route in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-processes-in-thailand-appeal\/\">Supreme Court appeals in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"setting-aside-and-refusing-enforcement-are-not-the-same-thing\">Setting aside and refusing enforcement are not the same thing<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Readers conflate these constantly, and every competing page lets them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Setting aside<\/strong> runs under section 40. A party asks the court to annul an award, within 90 days of receiving it. Succeed and the award is destroyed for everyone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Refusing enforcement<\/strong> runs under sections 43 and 44. The court declines to lend its machinery to <em>this<\/em> enforcement attempt. The award survives and the creditor can still try to enforce it in another country where the debtor holds assets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Different applications, different sections, different deadlines, different consequences. Getting the label wrong loses time you may not have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"public-policy-in-thai-practice-and-the-hopewell-warning\">Public policy in Thai practice, and the Hopewell warning<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Here is the part other pages leave out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai courts have read &#8220;public policy&#8221; under sections 40 and 44 more expansively than courts in comparable New York Convention jurisdictions read Article V(2)(b), and the gap widens when the award runs against a state entity. Thai academic writing has criticised the pattern as excessive judicial intervention. If your counterparty is a Thai ministry, a state enterprise, or a concession grantor, price that risk in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Hopewell dispute shows the reach. A Thai Arbitration Institute tribunal awarded Hopewell roughly THB 11.8 billion against the Ministry of Transport and the State Railway of Thailand in 2008 over the terminated Bangkok elevated road and rail concession. The Central Administrative Court annulled the award in March 2014 on prescription grounds, treating prescription as a matter of public policy. The Supreme Administrative Court reinstated the award on 22 April 2019, refusing to apply a 1999 prescription period retroactively to a 1998 termination. Constitutional Court Ruling No. 5\/2564 of 17 March 2021 reopened the question, a retrial was granted, and on 18 September 2023 the Central Administrative Court held the claim time-barred under section 51 of the Administrative Courts Act. Reporting since indicates no payout has been made and further appeal has been raised.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thirty years from concession to whatever this now is. The lesson is not that Thai enforcement fails. Commercial awards between private parties are enforced routinely. The lesson is that public policy in Thailand is a live door, and it opens widest against the state.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-the-supreme-court-has-actually-done-with-that-door\">What the Supreme Court has actually done with that door<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Decision 5560 to 5563\/2562<\/strong> is the one to read first, because it says what the standard is. The Court held that neither the Arbitration Act nor any other statute defines public order or the good morals of the people, so the court has to exercise judgment case by case, against the circumstances of the dispute and the values of the time. What it must weigh is the protection of the public benefit, public services and the direct interests of the public at large, and not the private interests of the party that lost. If your objection is really that the award went against you, this is the decision that says so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Decision 6292\/2561<\/strong> shows the door opening only part of the way, which is the outcome most creditors should expect. The parties had chosen Thai law in a share purchase agreement, and the tribunal awarded compound interest, interest upon interest. The Court held that this offends section 224 paragraph two of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a> and so met the public policy test, and it refused enforcement <em>of that part of the award only<\/em>. The rest stood and the debtors remained liable on simple interest. A public policy objection does not have to destroy an award to be worth making, and it does not destroy one just because it succeeds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Decisions 13570\/2556 and 7635\/2562<\/strong> both turn on prescription, and they are the reason the Hopewell pattern is not a one-off. In 13570\/2556 the tribunal miscalculated a limitation period because the claimant had typed the wrong year on its own claim form, and the Court set the award aside: enforcing an award that got prescription wrong would itself offend public order. In 7635\/2562 the Court found that the lower court had answered the wrong question, asking whether the award was contrary to law instead of whether enforcing it would be contrary to public order; it decided the point itself, fixed the date of loss for a stolen vehicle at the day the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/theft\/\">theft<\/a> was reported rather than the day the car was handed over, and set the award aside. Thai courts will look at how a tribunal reached a limitation date, through the public policy gate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Decision 840\/2561<\/strong> is the warning for anyone enforcing against Thai real estate. The applicant was a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/company-limited\/\">limited company<\/a> registered in the British Virgin Islands, so a foreign <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/juristic-person\/\">juristic person<\/a> and an alien under clause 3 of Revolutionary Council Announcement No. 281 of 24 November 2515 (1972). A juristic person in that position can hold a condominium unit only if it fits one of the categories in section 19 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/condominium-act\/\">Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/a>, and the category the Court applied to it, section 19(4), requires a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/boi\/\">BOI investment promotion certificate<\/a>. It did not have one, and both sides knew it, so the Court held the purchase agreement void under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-150\/\">section 150 of the Civil and Commercial Code<\/a>. The award ordering the developer to refund the price therefore ran against section 411, which bars recovery of what was paid to perform an act prohibited by law, and the Court refused enforcement of the award under section 44. The buyer&#8217;s award produced nothing. Check that the asset can lawfully be held by the entity you are enforcing for.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"after-the-order-the-writ-of-execution\">After the order: the writ of execution<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An enforcement order is permission, not payment. If the debtor still does not pay, you take the judgment to the <strong>Legal Execution Department<\/strong> (\u0e01\u0e23\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35) of the Ministry of Justice, which has offices nationwide. It can attach and auction movable and immovable property, garnish bank accounts, salaries and receivables, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/liens\/\">register liens over land<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-274\/\">Section 274 of the Civil Procedure Code<\/a> requires execution to be applied for <strong>within ten years<\/strong> from the date of the judgment or order (where the case went on appeal, in practice the judgment of the last court to rule on that debtor). Applications filed after that are dismissed without anyone looking at the merits. Older sources cite section 271, the pre-2017 numbering, so check which edition you are reading.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So a foreign award holder runs two clocks in sequence: <strong>three years<\/strong> to petition for enforcement, then <strong>ten years<\/strong> to execute. Miss either and the award becomes a souvenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-it-costs-and-how-long-it-takes\">What it costs and how long it takes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-fees\/\">Thai court filing fees<\/a> are public and computable. For a monetary claim the fee is <strong>2% of the amount claimed, capped at THB 200,000<\/strong> for claims up to THB 50 million, with a further 0.1% on the excess above THB 50 million, plus about THB 1,000 for court delivery costs. The fee is paid on filing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A worked example. You hold a US judgment for THB 30 million against a Thai company. There is no shortcut: you file fresh in Thailand. Court fee at 2% is THB 600,000, capped down to THB 200,000. Add sworn translation of the foreign judgment and the contract file, Thai counsel, and 12 to 24 months to first-instance judgment, longer if the defendant appeals. Then, on winning, up to ten years to execute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The same THB 30 million as an arbitral award is a petition under section 42, decided on documents, usually inside a year unless the debtor mounts a section 43 challenge. That difference is the whole argument for the next section. If the debt itself is the problem rather than the forum, our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/debt-collection-lawyer-in-thailand\/\">debt collection service in Thailand<\/a> is often the faster first move, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\/\">what to know before you go to court in Thailand<\/a> covers what litigating here actually involves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-exception-foreign-divorce-and-family-status\">The exception: foreign divorce and family status<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Family status escapes all of this, and the confusion it causes is unnecessary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A foreign divorce judgment is not enforced through the courts. It is recorded administratively. Translate it into Thai, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/legalization-of-documents\/\">legalise it through the Department of Consular Affairs<\/a> at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, then present it to a district office, which can record the change in the family status register on form <strong>Kor Ror 22<\/strong>. Recording is not automatic and the registrar has discretion, but it does not involve re-litigating your divorce. People who have read that &#8220;Thailand does not recognise foreign judgments&#8221; often assume their divorce is void here. It is not. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/divorce-in-thailand-with-a-foreign-marriage\/\">divorce in Thailand with a foreign marriage<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"write-the-clause-that-prevents-all-of-this\">Write the clause that prevents all of this<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everything above is a post-mortem. The cure costs ten lines at signature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you contract with a Thai counterparty and you may one day need to collect, choose <strong>arbitration<\/strong> over a foreign court. A foreign court judgment buys you a fresh trial in Thailand. An arbitral award buys you a petition. Then name, in the clause itself:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>the institution<\/strong>, by its full name: the Thai Arbitration Institute (TAI), the Thailand Arbitration Center (THAC), SIAC, HKIAC or the ICC;<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>the seat<\/strong>, which fixes which courts supervise the arbitration;<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>the language<\/strong>, because Thai-language proceedings change your cost base entirely;<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>the governing law<\/strong>. The 2019 amendment (sections 23\/1 to 23\/6 of the Arbitration Act) lets the parties appoint foreign arbitrators and foreign representatives in arbitrations held in Thailand, with a certificate from the arbitral institution supporting their visa and work permit, so the governing law no longer decides whether your foreign counsel can act;<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>the number of arbitrators<\/strong>, one for smaller disputes, three when the sums justify it;<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>an escalation step<\/strong>, requiring negotiation or mediation before either side files.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Put it in the agreements that carry real money: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/loan-agreement-in-thailand\/\">loan agreements<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/promissory-note-in-thailand\/\">promissory notes<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/nda-agreements-in-thailand\/\">NDAs<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/employment-agreement-template-for-thailand\/\">employment agreements<\/a>. If you are still at the structuring stage, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/business-setup-in-thailand\/\">business setup in Thailand<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreign-business-act\/\">Foreign Business Act<\/a> set out who you will be contracting as.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enforcement starts with proper service. For foreign courts and law firms we handle <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/service-of-process-thailand\/\">service of process in Thailand<\/a>: a Thai lawyer serves the papers at the recipient&#8217;s official address and signs an affidavit of service.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000000\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a US court judgment be enforced in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. There is no treaty and no statute. You file a fresh civil action in a Thai court on the original claim, and the US judgment goes in as evidence, provided it is final, came from a court with subject-matter jurisdiction, and does not offend Thai public order or good morals.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000001\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is an arbitration award from Singapore or London enforceable in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Both are New York Convention seats, so section 41 paragraph 2 is satisfied. You petition a competent Thai court under section 42 with the award, the arbitration agreement and certified Thai translations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How long do I have to enforce an arbitral award in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Three years from the date the award became enforceable, under section 42. After you obtain the enforcement order, a second clock starts: ten years to apply for a writ of execution under section 274 of the Civil Procedure Code.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000003\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What documents do I need to file to enforce a foreign award?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The original award or a certified copy, the original arbitration agreement or a certified copy, and Thai translations of both, sworn before the court or certified by an authorised official or a Thai embassy or consulate in the country where the award was made.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000004\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a Thai court refuse to enforce an award, and on what grounds?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Section 43 lists six grounds the resisting party must prove, including incapacity, an invalid arbitration agreement, lack of proper notice, an award beyond the scope of the agreement, an irregular tribunal or procedure, and an award already set aside where it was made. Section 44 adds two the court applies itself: the dispute is not arbitrable under Thai law, or enforcement would be contrary to public policy.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000005\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I appeal if the Thai court refuses enforcement?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Only on the five grounds in section 45, and the appeal goes directly to the Supreme Court or the Supreme Administrative Court rather than through the Court of Appeal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000006\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How much does it cost to sue in Thailand to enforce a foreign judgment?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The court filing fee is 2% of the claim, capped at THB 200,000 for claims up to THB 50 million, with 0.1% on any excess, plus roughly THB 1,000 in delivery costs. Translation and counsel are on top, and first-instance proceedings typically run 12 to 24 months.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000007\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does Thailand recognise my foreign divorce?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It can, administratively. Translate and legalise the divorce judgment, then ask a district office to record it in the family status register on form Kor Ror 22. The registrar has discretion, but no court case is required.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000008\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is arbitration or a Thai court jurisdiction clause better in a contract with a Thai company?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For a foreign party expecting to enforce against Thai assets, arbitration at a New York Convention seat is usually stronger, because the award is enforceable by petition while a foreign court judgment is not enforceable at all. A Thai court clause can make sense where the counterparty and every asset are Thai and the sums are modest.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000009\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">My foreign judgment is five years old. Is it too late?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Possibly, and the answer turns on the original claim rather than on the judgment. Because the Thai case runs on the underlying cause of action, the Thai prescription period is measured from when that claim arose. Have Thai counsel check the position before you spend anything further.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-thailawonline-can-help\">How ThaiLawOnline can help<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We have advised foreign clients on Thai law since 2006. If you are holding a judgment or an award and the assets are here, we will tell you plainly whether it is worth pursuing before you commit to fees: which route applies, what the prescription position looks like, what enforcement will cost, and what the debtor is likely to argue. If you are still at the contract stage, the arbitration clause is a short conversation that can save you a second trial. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/alternative-dispute-resolution-in-thailand\/\">Start with our overview of dispute resolution in Thailand<\/a>, then get in touch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Last reviewed: 28 September 2026. Read in Thai: Arbitration Act B.E. 2545 as amended to 2562, sections 23\/1 to 23\/6 and 40 to 45; Supreme Court Decisions 5560-5563\/2562, 6292\/2561, 13570\/2556, 7635\/2562 and 840\/2561, each to its disposition. Hopewell dates checked against Thai and English press reports and Constitutional Court Ruling 5\/2564. The three conditions for admitting a foreign judgment, court fee figures, timelines and the list of Hague Judgments Convention parties are practice points not re-verified in this review.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Updated 14 August 2026. You won your case abroad. The money, the company, or the land sits in Thailand. What [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4963,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"tlo_featured_media_th":0,"tlo_featured_media_fr":0,"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-04\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"enforcing foreign judgments in Thailand","rank_math_title":"Enforcing a Foreign Judgment or Arbitral Award in Thailand","rank_math_description":"Thailand does not enforce foreign court judgments: you re-litigate. Foreign arbitral awards do enforce, under Arbitration Act s.42, within three years.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Enforcing Foreign Judgments in Thailand","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"categories":[16,17,135],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-business-law-in-thailand","category-civil-litigation","category-living-in-thailand","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4964"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4964\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12681,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4964\/revisions\/12681"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4963"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fr\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}