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\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e25\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a","_fba_english_text":"Section 37. Any foreigner who operates a business by using the name of a Thai national or a juristic person that is not a foreigner as a nominee, or has Thai nationals hold shares on their behalf, or acts by any other similar method to circumvent this Act, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine of not less than one hundred thousand Baht but not exceeding one million Baht, or both.","_fba_section_summary":"Section 37 penalizes foreigners using Thai nominees to circumvent FBA with same penalties as Section 36 \u2014 up to 3 years and 1M THB.","_fba_court_decisions":"\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 17923\/2557 (2014) \u2014 \u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e38\u0e22\nSupreme Court Decision No. 17923\/2557 (2014) \u2014 Koh Samui Land Case\n\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 1 \u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 2 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e38\u0e22 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 1 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 37 \u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 2 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 36 \u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\nThe first foreign defendant used the second Thai defendant as a nominee to hold land in Koh Samui. The Supreme Court convicted the first defendant under Section 37 for using a nominee and the second defendant under Section 36 for acting as a nominee.\n---\n\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 5457\/2560 (2017) \u2014 \u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21\nSupreme Court Decision No. 5457\/2560 (2017) \u2014 Sham Loan Case\n\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 37 \u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\nA foreigner created sham loan agreements with a Thai person to control a business. The Supreme Court held the foreigner guilty under Section 37 for using the loan agreements as a tool to circumvent the law.","_fba_expert_commentary":"EN: Section 37 is the counterpart to Section 36, targeting the foreigner who arranges the nominee structure. Together, Sections 36 and 37 create liability for both sides of a nominee arrangement. The foreigner faces criminal prosecution, potential deportation, and forced business closure in addition to the fine and imprisonment.\n\nTH: \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 37 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 36 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e38\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 36 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 37 \u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e1c\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e40\u0e19\u0e23\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08 \u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01","_fba_cross_references":"Section 4 \u2014 Definition of foreigner\nSection 36 \u2014 Penalty for nominees\nSection 41 \u2014 Juristic person liability\nThai Nominee Shareholders | \/thai-nominee-shareholders\/","_fba_practical_notes":"","_fba_faq_json":""},"fba_chapter":[110],"class_list":["post-1484","fba_section","type-fba_section","status-publish","hentry","fba_chapter-chapter-7-penalties"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fba_section\/1484","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fba_section"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/fba_section"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fba_section\/1484\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1484"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"fba_chapter","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/fba_chapter?post=1484"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}