{"id":10626,"date":"2026-10-21T17:03:39","date_gmt":"2026-10-21T10:03:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/condo-lawyer-phuket\/"},"modified":"2026-11-04T23:16:15","modified_gmt":"2026-11-04T16:16:15","slug":"condo-lawyer-phuket","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/condo-lawyer-phuket\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e20\u0e39\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15: \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e21\u0e34\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Short answer:<\/strong> Our condo lawyer Phuket service costs 19,900 THB for the full Condominium Package (due diligence, contract review, FET guidance and written transfer instructions), or 4,900 THB for a Title Deed Check alone. The one thing that matters most in Phuket is whether what you are buying is a condominium at all: much of what the island markets as a &#8220;condo&#8221; is a villa on company land, a leasehold apartment or a building not registered under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/condominium-act\/\">Condominium Act<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/condominium-package-thailand\/\">Order the Condominium Package, 19,900 THB<\/a><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/title-deed-check-thailand\/\">Order a Title Deed Check, 4,900 THB<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#condo-lawyer-phuket-why-the-island-is-different\">Condo lawyer Phuket: why the island is different<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#which-land-office-handles-phuket-condominiums\">Which Land Office handles Phuket condominiums<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#four-mistakes-phuket-buyers-make\">Four mistakes Phuket buyers make<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#a-supreme-court-decision-applied-to-a-bang-tao-off-plan-purchase\">A Supreme Court decision applied to a Bang Tao off-plan purchase<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-we-work-for-phuket-buyers-without-a-local-office\">How we work for Phuket buyers without a local office<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-it-runs-step-by-step\">How it runs, step by step<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-it-costs\">What it costs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"condo-lawyer-phuket-why-the-island-is-different\">Condo lawyer Phuket: why the island is different<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phuket sells a lifestyle, and the sales material is written to match. The island has a high share of off-plan projects, many one-project developers, and buyers from Russia, Europe, Australia and China who see the project on holiday and are asked to reserve before they fly home. Three local patterns shape every file:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Villa projects sold as &#8220;condominiums&#8221;. Some low-rise projects in Bang Tao, Layan and Rawai are registered under the Condominium Act, so each villa is a unit with its own deed. Many are houses on land held by a Thai company, sold as a 30-year lease or as company shares. The brochure uses the same word for both.<\/li>\n\n<li>Leasehold presented as ownership. A lease over three years must be registered under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-538\/\">section 538 of the Civil and Commercial Code<\/a>, and it ends with the term. The &#8220;30 plus 30 plus 30&#8221; promise is a contractual option against the lessor, not a registered right.<\/li>\n\n<li>Height limits near the beach. Under the environmental protection notifications for Phuket Province issued by the Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment (2010 and later revisions), building height is capped by distance from the shoreline, with a low limit in the first 50 metres and a 12-metre limit up to 200 metres, plus rules on slopes and elevation. A rendering the zoning does not allow will not be built.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 6 <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An owner of land and a building who wishes to register that land and building as a condominium under this Act shall file an application for condominium registration with the competent official, together with the following evidence and particulars: (1) the title deed; (2) a plan of the condominium, including the access route to a public way; (3) particulars of the units, personal property and common property, namely the area, the type of use and other matters as announced by the Minister; (4) the ratio of each unit owner&#039;s ownership of the common property under section 14; (5) a certification by the applicant that the building applied for registration is free of any encumbrance, except a mortgage of the building together with the land; (6) draft regulations of the condominium juristic person; (7) other evidence prescribed by ministerial regulation.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 538<\/h3><p>Any lease of immovable property is unenforceable by action without written evidence signed by the party liable. A lease for more than 3 years, or for the life of the lessee or lessor, must also be made in writing and registered, otherwise it is enforceable only for 3 years.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A hire of immovable property is not enforceable by action unless there is some written evidence signed by the party liable. If the hire is for more than three years, or for the life of the hirer or of the letter, it is enforceable by action for three years only, unless it is made in writing and registered with the competent official.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-538\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 540<\/h3><p>An ordinary fixed-term lease of immovable property is limited to 30 years. Section 540 permits renewal for up to 30 years from renewal. A lease made for a longer term is reduced to 30 years.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Immovable property may not be let for a period exceeding thirty years. If a contract has been made for a longer period, that period shall be reduced to thirty years. The period of hire referred to above may, on its expiry, be renewed, but the renewal must not exceed thirty years from the date of renewal.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-540\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 377<\/h3><p>Earnest money, function and forfeiture.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If, on entering into a contract, something is given as earnest, the giving of earnest is deemed to be evidence that the contract has been concluded. The earnest also serves as security for the performance of the contract.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-377\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 378<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Unless otherwise agreed, earnest shall be dealt with as follows: (1) it shall be returned, or applied as part payment, upon performance; (2) it shall be forfeited if the party who gave the earnest fails to perform, or if performance becomes impossible owing to a circumstance for which that party is responsible, or if the contract is rescinded through the fault of that party; (3) it shall be returned if the party who received the earnest fails to perform, or if performance becomes impossible owing to a circumstance for which that party is responsible.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-378\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 6\/2 <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A contract to sell or a contract of sale of a condominium unit between the owner of the land and building under section 6 and the prospective buyer or buyer of the condominium unit shall be made in the form of contract prescribed by the Minister by notification. Any part of a contract to sell or contract of sale of a condominium unit under paragraph one that is not made in the form of contract prescribed by the Minister by notification and is not favourable to the prospective buyer or buyer of the condominium unit shall have no effect.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 19 bis <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In each condominium, the units held in ownership by the aliens or juristic persons specified in section 19 must not, taken together, exceed 49 percent of the area of all the units in that condominium at the time the application to register the condominium under section 6 is made.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 19 ter <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">On a transfer of ownership of a condominium unit to an alien or juristic person specified in section 19, the applicant for the transfer shall notify the competent official of the names of the aliens or juristic persons specified in section 19, together with the proportion of unit area that those aliens or juristic persons already hold in ownership, and the alien or juristic person applying to receive the transfer shall also produce the following evidence to the competent official: (1) an alien specified in section 19 (1) must produce evidence of having been permitted to reside in the Kingdom under the law on immigration; (2) an alien specified in section 19 (2) must produce evidence of having been permitted to enter the Kingdom under the law on investment promotion; (3) a juristic person specified in section 19 (3) must produce evidence of registration as a juristic person under Thai law; (4) a juristic person specified in section 19 (4) must produce evidence of having received an investment promotion certificate under the law on investment promotion; (5) an alien or juristic person under section 19 (5) must produce evidence of bringing foreign currency into the Kingdom, or evidence of withdrawing money from a baht account of a person residing outside the country or from a foreign currency deposit account, in an amount not less than the price of the unit to be purchased.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 6 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e08\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14 \u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e51) \u0e42\u0e09\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\n(\u0e52) \u0e41\u0e1c\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e30\n(\u0e53) \u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e25\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48 \u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e46 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\n(\u0e54) \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e25\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e54\n(\u0e55) \u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e28\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e20\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\n(\u0e56) \u0e23\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\n(\u0e57) \u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 538<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-538\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 540<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e19\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e14\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35\n\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e21\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e25\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-540\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 377<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e2d\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-377\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 378<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d(\u0e51) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49(\u0e52) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e25\u0e34\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19(\u0e53) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-378\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 6\/2 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56 \u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\n\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 19 \u0e17\u0e27\u0e34 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 19 \u0e15\u0e23\u0e35 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\n(\u0e51) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e51) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e19\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\n(\u0e52) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e52) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\n(\u0e53) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e53) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\n(\u0e54) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e54) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\n(\u0e55) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e59 (\u0e55) \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e33\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e43\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 6 <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>Le propri\u00e9taire du terrain et du b\u00e2timent d\u00e9pose la demande d&#039;enregistrement du condominium avec notamment le titre foncier, le plan et l&#039;acc\u00e8s \u00e0 la voie publique, le d\u00e9tail des lots et parties communes, les quotes-parts (article 14), l&#039;attestation d&#039;absence de charge sauf hypoth\u00e8que conjointe, et le projet de r\u00e8glement.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 538<\/h3><p>Le louage d&#039;un immeuble ne peut donner lieu \u00e0 une action en ex\u00e9cution en justice s&#039;il n&#039;existe aucun \u00e9crit, de quelque nature que ce soit, sign\u00e9 par la partie tenue. Si le louage est conclu pour une dur\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 trois ans, ou pour la dur\u00e9e de la vie du preneur ou du bailleur, et qu&#039;il n&#039;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 fait par \u00e9crit et enregistr\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s de l&#039;officier comp\u00e9tent, il ne peut donner lieu \u00e0 une action en ex\u00e9cution que pour trois ans.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-538\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 540<\/h3><p>Un immeuble ne peut \u00eatre donn\u00e9 \u00e0 bail pour une dur\u00e9e exc\u00e9dant trente ans. Si le contrat a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu pour une dur\u00e9e plus longue, celle-ci est r\u00e9duite \u00e0 trente ans.\nLa dur\u00e9e du bail ci-dessus mentionn\u00e9e peut, \u00e0 son expiration, \u00eatre renouvel\u00e9e, mais sans exc\u00e9der trente ans \u00e0 compter du jour du renouvellement.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-540\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 377<\/h3><p>Lorsque, \u00e0 la conclusion d&#039;un contrat, une chose est remise \u00e0 titre d&#039;arrhes, cette remise est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la preuve que le contrat a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu. Les arrhes servent en outre de garantie de l&#039;ex\u00e9cution de ce contrat.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-377\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 378<\/h3><p>Sauf convention contraire, les arrhes sont (1) restitu\u00e9es ou imput\u00e9es sur le paiement \u00e0 l&#039;ex\u00e9cution, (2) perdues en cas d&#039;inex\u00e9cution du versant, d&#039;impossibilit\u00e9 due \u00e0 une circonstance dont il r\u00e9pond, ou de r\u00e9solution par sa faute, (3) restitu\u00e9es en cas d&#039;inex\u00e9cution du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire ou de pareille impossibilit\u00e9 dont il r\u00e9pond.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-378\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 6\/2 <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>La promesse de vente ou le contrat de vente d&#039;un lot de copropri\u00e9t\u00e9 conclu entre le propri\u00e9taire du terrain et de l&#039;immeuble vis\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;article 6 et le promettant acqu\u00e9reur ou l&#039;acqu\u00e9reur doit suivre le mod\u00e8le de contrat fix\u00e9 par arr\u00eat\u00e9 du ministre. Toute partie du contrat qui ne suit pas ce mod\u00e8le et n&#039;est pas favorable au promettant acqu\u00e9reur ou \u00e0 l&#039;acqu\u00e9reur est sans effet.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 19 bis <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>Dans chaque immeuble en copropri\u00e9t\u00e9, les lots d\u00e9tenus par les \u00e9trangers ou personnes morales de l&#039;article 19 ne peuvent exc\u00e9der au total 49 % de la superficie de tous les lots, calcul\u00e9e au moment de la demande d&#039;enregistrement pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l&#039;article 6.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 19 ter <small>Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>Lors du transfert \u00e0 un \u00e9tranger ou une personne morale vis\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#039;article 19, le demandeur d\u00e9clare \u00e0 l&#039;agent comp\u00e9tent la liste des d\u00e9tenteurs vis\u00e9s et leur quote-part de superficie; l&#039;acqu\u00e9reur prouve sa qualit\u00e9 ou, pour l&#039;article 19 (5), l&#039;origine de fonds au moins \u00e9gaux au prix du lot.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/4655-2566-lease-term-limit\/\">4655\/2566<\/a> (2023): \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32 30+30+30 \u0e1b\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e25\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32 30 \u0e1b\u0e35\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/6763-2541-renewal-promise-does-not-bind-new-owner\/\">6763\/2541<\/a> (1998): \u0e04\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e33\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e25<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/17923-2557-foreign-funded-company\/\">17923\/2557<\/a> (2014): \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/aUlKUFZtSlFMRHltTUo3UmFOcXlEZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Condominium Act B.E. 2522<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 2 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 19 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"which-land-office-handles-phuket-condominiums\">Which Land Office handles Phuket condominiums<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Phuket has three land offices. The Phuket Provincial Land Office in Phuket Town keeps the registers for Mueang Phuket district: Rawai, Nai Harn, Chalong, Kata, Karon and the town itself. Patong, Kamala and Kathu are registered at the Kathu Branch. Bang Tao, Layan, Surin, Cherng Talay and Mai Khao are in Thalang district and are handled at the Thalang Branch. The unit title deed (Or Chor 2), the condominium file and the foreign-ownership ratio come only from the office that keeps the register. We obtain certified copies, front and back, with the official stamp and date, through the Land Office network. For a project not registered as a condominium, the same offices hold the land title, which tells us whether the land is a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/chanote\/\">Chanote<\/a> (Nor Sor 4 Jor, full title), a possessory <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/nor-sor-3-gor\/\">Nor Sor 3 Gor<\/a> or Nor Sor 3, or not a title at all. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/title-deeds-in-thailand\/\">title deeds in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"four-mistakes-phuket-buyers-make\">Four mistakes Phuket buyers make<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-reserving-a-condo-that-is-a-villa-on-company-owned-land\">1. Reserving a &#8220;condo&#8221; that is a villa on company-owned land<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The buyer pays a reservation fee for a pool villa described as a condominium unit. The project was never registered under the Condominium Act. What is on offer is a lease from a Thai company plus a share in it, and the buyer&#8217;s name will never appear on a deed. If no condominium registration exists, you are buying a lease, and the price and the contract should say so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-treating-the-rental-guarantee-as-part-of-the-asset\">2. Treating the rental guarantee as part of the asset<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8220;7 per cent for 5 years&#8221;, &#8220;buy-back at 110 per cent&#8221;, &#8220;hotel-managed, hands off&#8221;. A guarantee from a management company incorporated last year with 1 million THB of capital is a promise, not income. We read who gives it, what it is net of, who pays the common fees meanwhile, and what happens in year six when the &#8220;rental pool&#8221; takes over. If the guarantee is why you are buying, it needs its own security.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-paying-large-instalments-before-the-project-has-a-permit\">3. Paying large instalments before the project has a permit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Off-plan sales in Phuket often open before the EIA approval and the construction permit exist, sometimes before the developer owns the land. Contracts ask for 30 to 50 per cent during construction, with no <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/escrow\/\">escrow<\/a>. We check the deed, the permit, the EIA status and the developer&#8217;s records, and tie each instalment to a milestone you can verify.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-buying-leasehold-with-the-wrong-paperwork\">4. Buying leasehold with the wrong paperwork<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An unregistered lease is enforceable for three years only. Buyers sign a 30-year &#8220;lease&#8221;, pay in full, and find later that nothing was registered and the land is mortgaged. We make registration a condition of the final payment and check the back of the deed on the day for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/encumbrance\/\">encumbrances<\/a>. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/lease-agreement-in-thailand\/\">lease agreements in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-supreme-court-decision-applied-to-a-bang-tao-off-plan-purchase\">A Supreme Court decision applied to a Bang Tao off-plan purchase<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Dika 1511\/2569 a buyer agreed to purchase a condominium unit for 11,643,120 THB, paid a 100,000 THB reservation fee before signing and 2,810,780 THB eight days after the contract, then stopped paying. The developer terminated and kept everything. The Supreme Court set aside the arbitral award that had treated both sums as forfeitable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/earnest-deposit\/\">earnest money<\/a>: the 2,810,780 THB was paid after the contract and was too large a share of the price to be security, so it was part-payment, and forfeiting it was contrary to public order and good morals. The buyer still had to sue for the refund. Full note: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/condo-deposit-forfeiture-in-thailand-dika-1511-2569\/\">condo deposit forfeiture in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Apply that to a Bang Tao reservation: 200,000 THB to reserve on holiday, 25 per cent at contract, and six months later no permit. The reservation fee can be lost. The instalment is part of the price and not simply forfeitable, but you will have to sue for it, against a company that may have nothing. Timing and proportion decide the character of a payment, so we fix the schedule, the refund clause and the default clause before the first baht leaves your account.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-we-work-for-phuket-buyers-without-a-local-office\">How we work for Phuket buyers without a local office<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our only office is in Bangkok, by appointment. Phuket files are handled remotely from start to finish, wherever you are:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>You send the brochure, the draft contract, the deed copy and the guarantee by email or through our client portal.<\/li>\n\n<li>We obtain the certified copies and the condominium file from the Provincial, Thalang or Kathu office through the Land Office network, and the developer&#8217;s and guarantor&#8217;s company records.<\/li>\n\n<li>Wichuda Atthamethakon, LL.M., Thai Bar Licence 3149\/2556, reviews the contract and signs the due diligence report, delivered in English with written transfer instructions and a video call.<\/li>\n\n<li>Attendance at the Phuket Land Office on transfer day is quoted before you commit.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-it-runs-step-by-step\">How it runs, step by step<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr><th>Step<\/th><th>What happens<\/th><th>Timing<\/th><\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>1. Intake<\/td><td>Project, brochure and draft contract received; Land Office and condominium registration confirmed.<\/td><td>Day 1<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>2. Title and register<\/td><td>Certified copies of the unit or land deed (front and back) and the condominium file from the correct office.<\/td><td>Days 2 to 5<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>3. Developer and guarantor<\/td><td>Company records, directors, capital and accounts; EIA and permit status.<\/td><td>Days 3 to 8<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>4. Contract review<\/td><td>Section 6\/2 comparison; payments against milestones; deposit, default and guarantee terms.<\/td><td>Days 5 to 10<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>5. Report and instructions<\/td><td>25-point report, FET wording, seller&#8217;s document list, fee estimate.<\/td><td>Days 7 to 14<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>6. Transfer or lease registration<\/td><td>Registration at the Phuket Land Office, in person, by power of attorney or with our quoted attendance.<\/td><td>Agreed with the seller<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-it-costs\">What it costs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Title Deed Check: 4,900 THB. Certified copy from the Land Office, front and back, official stamp and date, English translation and a 2-page lawyer&#8217;s report, in 3 business days. Credited against the Condominium Package within 30 days.<\/li>\n\n<li>Condominium Package: 19,900 THB. 25-point due diligence, contract review, FET guidance and written transfer instructions, in 7 to 14 business days.<\/li>\n\n<li>Land Office attendance in Phuket: quoted before you commit. The Condominium Premium Package (34,900 THB) covers Bangkok, Pattaya, Nakhon Ratchasima, Khon Kaen, Surin and Buriram.<\/li>\n\n<li>Land and house due diligence (a villa that is not a registered condominium unit): from 19,900 THB, quoted before we start.<\/li>\n\n<li>Consultation: 2,000 THB per hour, credited against a package.<\/li>\n\n<li>Government fees (2 per cent transfer fee, 3.3 per cent specific business tax or 0.5 per cent stamp duty, withholding tax) are paid at the Land Office, never included.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\"><div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/condominium-package-thailand\/\">Order the Condominium Package, 19,900 THB<\/a><\/div><div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-outline\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/title-deed-check-thailand\/\">Order a Title Deed Check, 4,900 THB<\/a><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/condo-lawyer-in-thailand\/#fees\">Order the Condominium Package (19,900 THB)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/title-deed-check-thailand\/\">Order a Title Deed Check (4,900 THB)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/book-consultation\/\">Book a consultation<\/a> if you are unsure which fits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000000\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I know if a Phuket &#8220;condo&#8221; is registered under the Condominium Act?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Only the Land Office register tells you. A registered condominium has a registration number, a juristic person and a separate title deed (Or Chor 2) for each unit, and the deed shows the unit&#8217;s share of the common property. If the developer can only show a land deed in a company name and a lease template, the project is not a condominium, whatever the brochure says. We check this first, before any other work.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000001\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Which Land Office covers Bang Tao, Patong and Rawai?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Bang Tao, Layan, Surin, Cherng Talay and the airport side of the island are in Thalang district and are handled by the Thalang Branch of the Phuket Provincial Land Office. Patong, Kamala and Kathu fall under the Kathu Branch. Rawai, Nai Harn, Chalong, Kata, Karon and Phuket Town are registered at the Provincial Land Office in town. We obtain certified copies from the right office through the Land Office network.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is a rental guarantee legally binding in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It is a contract, and it binds the company that signed it for as long as that company exists and has money. Most Phuket guarantees are given by a management company related to the developer, not by the developer itself, and are net of fees that reduce the real return. We review who is bound, what is deducted, how the guarantee ends and what security, if any, stands behind it, and we say plainly when it is worth nothing.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000003\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I own a Phuket condominium unit outright as a foreigner?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, in a registered condominium, in your own name, provided foreign ownership in that building does not exceed 49 per cent of the combined unit area (sections 19 and 19 bis) and you prove the foreign currency remittance under section 19 ter. An offshore company is not a way around a full quota, and a Thai nominee company puts the unit in someone else&#8217;s hands. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-condo-foreign-ownership-quota\/\">the foreign ownership quota explained<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000004\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can you attend the Land Office in Phuket on transfer day?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Phuket is outside the area covered by our Premium Package, so attendance is quoted separately before you commit, once we know the office, the date and whether you will be present or act through a power of attorney. Many Phuket buyers complete through a power of attorney we prepare in the Land Office format, with the due diligence and the written transfer instructions doing the work beforehand.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000005\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why does the height limit near the beach matter to me as a buyer?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Because a rendering is not a permit. Under the environmental protection rules for Phuket Province, building height near the shoreline is restricted by distance from the beach, and further limits apply on slopes and at elevation. A project drawn taller than the zone allows will be redesigned, delayed or stopped, and your &#8220;sea view&#8221; unit may end up on the ground floor behind a wall. We confirm the permit and the EIA status before you pay an instalment.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000006\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What should I check before paying a reservation fee on holiday?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Nothing is lost by waiting a week. Ask the agent for the land deed number, the condominium registration number if one exists, the developer&#8217;s company name and the draft contract, and send them to us. A Title Deed Check (4,900 THB) in 3 business days tells you what the land is and who holds it. Reservation fees in Phuket are rarely refunded once the agent has them, and a small one may lawfully be forfeited.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000007\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do I need to be in Thailand for any of this?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. The due diligence, the contract review and the transfer instructions are done by email, portal and video call wherever you are. For the transfer or lease registration itself you can fly in, or sign a power of attorney abroad in the form the Land Office accepts. We prepare that document, tell you how it must be legalised, and quote any attendance in Phuket before you decide.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Condo lawyer Phuket: we check whether your &#8220;condo&#8221; is a registered condominium, the rental guarantee and the off-plan contract. 19,900 THB, fully 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