{"id":111,"date":"2025-09-23T12:36:39","date_gmt":"2025-09-23T05:36:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/company-director-in-thailand-appointment-removal\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T00:27:27","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T17:27:27","slug":"company-director-in-thailand-appointment-removal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/company-director-in-thailand-appointment-removal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"director-filings-online-only-from-1-november-2026\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Director filings become online-only on 1 November 2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>From 1 November 2026, director appointments, removals and changes to signing authority must be filed through DBD Biz Regist.<\/strong> Paper walk-in filing will no longer be available. The corporate decision, supporting documents and the fourteen-day registration deadline remain unchanged, so a visit to a DBD or provincial commerce counter will not preserve the deadline. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/news\/37630092569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">official DBD announcement<\/a> and use the <a href=\"https:\/\/edbr.dbd.go.th\/Loginjuristicpage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DBD Biz Regist portal<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Changing a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/director\/\">company director<\/a> requires a valid corporate decision, the correct signatures and a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/dbd\/\">timely DBD filing<\/a>. The procedure differs between a new appointment, a resignation, a disputed removal and a change of signing authority. Start with the company\u2019s articles and current registration records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"tlo-hublink wp-block-paragraph\">Director appointments start at incorporation, which is covered in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/business-setup-in-thailand\/\">business setup in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img alt=\"Company directors signing a board resolution in a Bangkok office\" class=\"wp-image-29569 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/company-director-appointment-thailand.webp\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#director-qualification-requirements\">Director Qualification Requirements<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-appointment-process\">The Appointment Process of a Company Director in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-removal-process\">The Removal Process of Company Director in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#official-fees-and-costs\">Official Fees and Costs<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#special-considerations-for-foreign-directors\">Special Considerations for Foreign Directors<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#common-pitfalls-and-how-to-avoid-them\">Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#strategic-considerations\">Strategic Considerations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faqs-about-company-director-in-thailand\">FAQS about Company Director in Thailand<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"director-qualification-requirements\"><strong>Director Qualification Requirements<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A director must be a natural person. Check legal capacity, bankruptcy, the company\u2019s articles and any licence-specific qualifications before appointment. Foreign nationality alone does not prevent someone from directing an ordinary Thai <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/company-limited\/\">private limited company<\/a>; regulated activities require a separate check.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is no universal rule requiring every private-company director to be at least 20. Clause 49 of the DBD registration regulation expressly addresses registration of minors aged at least 12 who sign the application themselves. A proposed minor director needs a separate legal-capacity and consent assessment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-appointment-process\"><strong>The Appointment Process<\/strong> of a Company Director in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"shareholders-meeting-requirement\"><strong>Shareholders\u2019 Meeting Requirement<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A general meeting appoints or removes directors under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Section 1151 of the Civil and Commercial Code<\/a>. There is an exception for a vacancy arising otherwise than by rotation: Section 1155 allows the remaining directors to appoint a replacement for the unexpired term. Identify the correct decision-making body before preparing the minutes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"meeting-procedures\"><strong>Meeting Procedures<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For an ordinary general meeting, Section 1175 requires notice by registered post with acknowledgement of receipt to every shareholder named in the register, at least seven days before the meeting. A meeting for a special resolution requires at least fourteen days. Check the articles for additional requirements. Bearer-share companies have an additional publication requirement; articles retaining a newspaper-notice rule also need attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 1178, the general-meeting quorum is at least two shareholders or their proxies, together representing at least one-quarter of the company\u2019s capital. This is a capital test, not a requirement for one-quarter of all shareholders to attend. Record attendance, proxies, voting and the resolution accurately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"documentation-and-registration\"><strong>Documentation and Registration<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 1157 requires registration of a director change within fourteen days of the change. Prepare the applicable DBD forms, the resolution or resignation evidence, identity documents, new-director details and the proposed signing-authority wording. Use shareholder minutes for a shareholder decision and board minutes for a valid board decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Overseas signing is not prohibited. Clause 48 of the DBD registration regulation provides methods for certifying a signature made abroad, including signing before an authorised Thai embassy or consular official. Other certification routes have their own conditions. Confirm the route and document formalities before signing; an ordinary emailed scan is not equivalent to completing the required process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DBD Biz Regist has its own identity-verification and electronic-signing procedures. From 1 November 2026 the amendment itself must be filed online. Do not assume every supporting document requires wet ink, or every foreign director must travel to Thailand; confirm the correct signing and certification route before the corporate decision takes effect and the fourteen-day filing period starts.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1151<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Directors may be appointed or removed only by the general meeting.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1151\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1157<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">When there is a change of directors, the company shall have it registered within fourteen days from the date of the change.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1157\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1155<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If a vacancy occurs on the board of directors for any reason other than retirement by rotation, the directors may elect another person to fill the vacancy, but a person who becomes a director in this way may hold office only for the remaining period for which the departing director would have been entitled to hold office.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1155\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1153\/1<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A director wishing to resign from office must tender a letter of resignation to the company. The resignation takes effect from the day the letter reaches the company.\n A director who resigns under paragraph one may also notify the registrar of his resignation.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1153-1\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1152<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">At the first ordinary meeting after the registration of the company, and at the first ordinary meeting in every subsequent year, one third of the directors must retire from office; if the number of directors cannot be divided exactly into three parts, the number nearest to one third shall retire.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1152\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1154<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If a director becomes bankrupt or becomes an incompetent, that director vacates office.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1154\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1175<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 7 February 2023<\/span><\/h3><p>Shareholder meeting, call.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Notice calling a general meeting shall be sent by registered post with acknowledgement of receipt to every shareholder named in the company&#039;s register not less than seven days before the date of the meeting. Where the company has shares for which share certificates have been issued to bearer, the notice shall in addition be published at least once in a local newspaper, or in electronic media in accordance with the rules and procedure prescribed by ministerial regulation, not less than seven days before that date. Where the notice calls a general meeting to pass a special resolution, this must be done not less than fourteen days before that date.\n The notice must state the place, the day, the hour and the nature of the business to be transacted; and where it calls a meeting to pass a special resolution, it must also state the text of the resolution to be proposed.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1175\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1178<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 7 February 2023<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A general meeting may pass a resolution on any matter only if not less than two shareholders, or proxies of shareholders, attend the meeting and together hold not less than one fourth of the capital of the company.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1178\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1151<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1151\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1157<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e19\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1157\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1155<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e25\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e27\u0e23\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1155\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1153\/1<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1153-1\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1152<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01 \u0e46 \u0e1b\u0e35\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e30\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e01\u0e25\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1152\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1154<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1154\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1175<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 7 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2566<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e29\u0e13\u0e35\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e04\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e14\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e06\u0e29\u0e13\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e34\u0e40\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01\u0e17\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e4c\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e14\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e40\u0e28\u0e29\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e27\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e40\u0e28\u0e29\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1175\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1178<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 7 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2566<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e09\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e30\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17 \u0e08\u0e36\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1178\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1151<\/h3><p>Seule l&#039;assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale peut nommer ou r\u00e9voquer les administrateurs.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1151\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1157<\/h3><p>Tout changement d&#039;administrateurs doit \u00eatre enregistr\u00e9 par la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 dans les quatorze jours suivant ce changement.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1157\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1155<\/h3><p>Si un poste d&#039;administrateur devient vacant pour une cause autre que le retrait par rotation, les administrateurs peuvent d\u00e9signer un rempla\u00e7ant. Celui-ci ne reste en fonction que pour la dur\u00e9e restant \u00e0 courir du mandat de son pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseur.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1155\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1153\/1<\/h3><p>L&#039;administrateur qui d\u00e9missionne remet sa d\u00e9mission par \u00e9crit \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Elle prend effet \u00e0 la date o\u00f9 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 la re\u00e7oit. L&#039;administrateur d\u00e9missionnaire peut aussi en informer le conservateur du registre.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1153-1\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1152<\/h3><p>\u00c0 la premi\u00e8re assembl\u00e9e ordinaire apr\u00e8s l&#039;immatriculation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, puis \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re assembl\u00e9e ordinaire de chaque ann\u00e9e, un tiers des administrateurs doit se retirer. Si leur nombre n&#039;est pas divisible par trois, se retire le nombre le plus proche du tiers.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1152\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1154<\/h3><p>L&#039;administrateur d\u00e9clar\u00e9 en faillite ou frapp\u00e9 d&#039;incapacit\u00e9 perd de plein droit ses fonctions.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1154\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1175<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2023<\/span><\/h3><p>Convocation par recommand\u00e9 avec accus\u00e9 de r\u00e9ception \u00e0 chaque actionnaire inscrit, sept jours au moins avant (quatorze si r\u00e9solution sp\u00e9ciale); avec des actions au porteur, aussi une annonce dans la presse locale ou par voie \u00e9lectronique selon r\u00e8glement minist\u00e9riel. Elle indique lieu, date, heure, objet et r\u00e9solution sp\u00e9ciale propos\u00e9e.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1175\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1178<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2023<\/span><\/h3><p>L&#039;assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale ne peut statuer sur aucune question que si au moins deux actionnaires ou mandataires d&#039;actionnaires sont pr\u00e9sents, repr\u00e9sentant ensemble au moins un quart du capital social.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1178\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/2359-2567-director-cannot-compete-with-company\/\">2359\/2567<\/a> (2024): \u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e21\u0e34\u0e14\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1168<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 19 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-removal-process\"><strong>The Removal Process<\/strong> of Company Director in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"grounds-for-removal\"><strong>Grounds for Removal<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Directors can be removed from their positions through several mechanisms:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Voluntary resignation<\/strong> through a formal resignation letter submitted to the company. The resignation takes effect from the date the letter reaches the company (section 1153\/1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mandatory rotation<\/strong> at Annual General Meetings requires one-third of directors to resign by rotation. They can be re-elected right away.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Shareholder removal<\/strong> through a resolution passed at a shareholders\u2019 meeting, which can remove any director before their term expires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Automatic removal<\/strong> occurs when a director <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/bankruptcy\/\">becomes bankrupt<\/a> or legally <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/incapacity\/\">incapacitated<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"removal-procedures\"><strong>Removal Procedures<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A resignation takes effect from the date the letter reaches the company (section 1153\/1). Removal by shareholders requires a valid resolution and supporting evidence. The removed director does not hold a general veto merely by refusing to sign the removal. Identify the authorised applicant and review the registered signing clause, company seal and any dispute before filing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"timeframes-for-director-changes\"><strong>Timeframes for Director Changes<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Separate the time needed for a valid corporate decision from the time needed for registration. Notice, signatures, overseas certification and the foreign-participation documents often determine the timetable. The fourteen-day filing period runs from the relevant change; a service provider\u2019s estimate does not extend it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Urgency does not justify skipping statutory notice or inventing a meeting date. First check whether the law permits a different route, such as filling a qualifying casual vacancy through the board. After registration, update bank mandates, contracts, licences and access rights where affected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"official-fees-and-costs\"><strong>Official Fees and Costs<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"government-fees-dbd\"><strong>Government Fees (DBD)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ask for an itemised calculation for the particular filing. Registration fees, certificates, certified copies and stamp duty are separate items. Confirm the current tariff with DBD for the precise amendment and documents requested.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"professional-service-fees\"><strong>Professional Service Fees<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Professional fees depend on the work: reviewing the articles, arranging a valid meeting, preparing the filing, certifying foreign documents and dealing with objections. Obtain a written quote separating professional fees from government charges and third-party expenses. A newspaper advertisement or notarised passport copy is not automatically required for every director change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"factors-affecting-costs\"><strong>Factors Affecting Costs<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A disputed removal, missing company records or overseas documents requires more work than an agreed appointment with complete records. Confirm the lawful filing route before paying for travel or an expedited service. Do not treat an unverified premium as an official government charge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"special-considerations-for-foreign-directors\"><strong>Special Considerations for Foreign Directors<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"work-permit-requirements\"><strong>Work Permit Requirements<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holding office as a director and performing work in Thailand are separate questions. Before a foreign director starts operational duties, check the activities, immigration status and applicable <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/work-permit\/\">work permit<\/a> or exemption requirements. Do not assume appointment as a director itself authorises work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"signatory-authority\"><strong>Signatory Authority<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreign directors may hold sole or joint signing authority, subject to the company\u2019s registered signing clause and applicable sector rules. A company with entirely Thai shareholders still needs to examine DBD Order No. 2\/2569 when a foreigner becomes an authorised signatory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The order has applied since 1 August 2026 and distinguishes incorporation from later amendments. Clauses 2 and 3 require the incorporation evidence pack where foreigners hold less than 50% of capital, or where there is no foreign shareholder but a foreign director signs for the company. The pack includes the Investment Explanation Letter, three months of the relevant Thai investors\u2019 payment-account statements and receiving-account evidence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a later amendment changing previously all-Thai authorised signatories to include a foreign authorised or co-signing director, clause 4 requires the prescribed Investment Confirmation Letter. This is a different form. Clause 5 adds an Investment Explanation Letter and bank evidence of the paid-up capital if the entity was incorporated on or after 1 August 2026 and the qualifying amendment is filed within one year of incorporation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not apply the incorporation checklist automatically to every amendment. Clauses 1 to 6 prescribe documents but do not state that every mismatch must result in outright rejection without an opportunity to correct the filing. Reconcile the payment evidence before submission and address any registrar query.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"documentation-requirements\"><strong>Documentation Requirements<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Prepare the director\u2019s identity and address details, appointment or resignation documents, relevant meeting records and the applicable DBD forms. For foreign documents, confirm translation and certification requirements for the chosen filing route. A work-permit application is a separate process and should not be confused with the director-registration checklist.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If Order No. 2\/2569 applies, identify whether the filing requires the incorporation Explanation Letter, the amendment Confirmation Letter, or the additional first-year evidence under clause 5. Use the annexed form corresponding to the transaction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-pitfalls-and-how-to-avoid-them\"><strong>Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The recurring mistakes are using the wrong decision-making body, counting people instead of capital for the quorum, omitting required notice, assuming every overseas signature is invalid, and confusing the two investment letters. Keep proof of notice, attendance, payment and certification with the company records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"strategic-considerations\"><strong>Strategic Considerations<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Board Composition Planning<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider appointing directors with complementary skills and availability. Having both Thai and foreign directors can provide operational flexibility for a private limited company, especially for companies serving both local and international markets.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Succession Planning<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Identify suitable replacement candidates and keep the company records accessible. A succession plan does not itself appoint a director: complete the valid shareholder or board process applicable to the vacancy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Authority Distribution<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Clearly define each director\u2019s authority and responsibilities in your Articles of Association to bind the company effectively. This prevents confusion and ensures smooth operations when director changes occur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 27 September 2026.<\/strong> Civil and Commercial Code sections 1151, 1152, 1153\/1, 1154, 1155, 1157, 1175 and 1178 were read in Thai, and Central Registrar Order No. 2\/2569 clauses 2 to 6 were read from the signed order. Not re-checked in this review: clauses 48 and 49 of the DBD registration regulation and the current DBD fee tariff. Re-checked on 10 October 2026: Civil and Commercial Code sections 1155, 1157, 1175 and 1178 re-read in Thai and found as stated; nothing changed; the 1 November 2026 online-only filing notice at the top of the page was not checked against the DBD announcement itself.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs-about-company-director-in-thailand\">FAQS about Company Director in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1758605232374\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the legal requirements to become a company director in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A director must be a natural person with the required legal capacity and qualifications. Check the company\u2019s articles, bankruptcy and any sector restrictions. A blanket minimum age of 20 is inaccurate: the DBD regulation contains a route for registering minors, requiring a separate capacity and consent assessment.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1758605234075\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do shareholders appoint a new director in Thailand (AGM\/EGM), and what must be filed with the DBD?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Usually through a valid shareholders\u2019 resolution, with the correct notice and quorum. Section 1155 separately permits the board to fill a qualifying vacancy for the unexpired term. Register the change within fourteen days and use the forms, identity evidence and signing process appropriate to the filing.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1758605235094\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a foreigner be a company director in Thailand and do they need a work permit?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A foreigner may be a director of an ordinary private limited company, subject to sector rules. Performing work in Thailand is a separate immigration and work-authorisation question. Granting signing authority also requires checking the applicable documents under DBD Order No. 2\/2569, even if all shareholders are Thai.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1758605496493\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do you remove or replace a director in Thailand, and how fast can it be done?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Use a valid resignation, shareholder removal or other lawful vacancy route. Follow the required notice, quorum and signing rules, then register the change within fourteen days. Urgency does not permit skipping notice. The removed director\u2019s refusal to sign is not a general veto over a lawful removal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1758605497376\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the typical costs and common mistakes when changing directors in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Get a written quote separating government fees, certificates, translations, certification and professional work. Common errors include invalid meeting procedure, late registration and the wrong investment form. Overseas signing is available through the prescribed certification routes; confirm the requirements before signing.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before committing to a filing date, send us the current company affidavit, articles, shareholder register, proposed change and any resignation or dispute correspondence. We will identify the decision, documents and signature route required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sources checked for these corrections on 17 September 2026: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/storage\/law\/4b40d6cb-57d1-456c-9e2a-dcf75a705880.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DBD registration regulation, including clauses 48, 49 and the director-change provisions<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/data-storage\/attachment\/010fc4fa38d25ea8b52a5f446.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DBD material reproducing the amended Sections 1175 and 1178<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/storage\/law\/e402a35e-d320-406c-9347-25bc89b5b741.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Order No. 2\/2569 and its annexed forms<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Director filings become online-only on 1 November 2026 From 1 November 2026, director appointments, removals and changes to signing authority 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