{"id":120,"date":"2025-08-14T21:10:43","date_gmt":"2025-08-14T14:10:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-trial-procedures-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T22:19:09","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T15:19:09","slug":"criminal-trial-procedures-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/criminal-trial-procedures-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e02\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e04\u0e32\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e31\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s criminal justice system works differently from many Western systems. It is important for expatriates to know the procedures, rights, and expectations when facing criminal charges. This comprehensive guide explains the key aspects of Thai criminal trial procedures to help expats navigate the system effectively. Disclaimer: This guide is for general informational purposes only and is not legal advice. Thai criminal law changes regularly, and procedures may vary between courts. For advice on your specific situation, consult a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/licensed-thai-lawyer\/\">licensed lawyer<\/a> in Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#understanding-the-thai-criminal-justice-system\">Understanding the Thai Criminal Justice System<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#recent-reforms-and-updates-in-thai-criminal-procedure\">Recent Reforms and Updates in Thai Criminal Procedure<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#initial-arrest-and-detention-procedures\">Initial Arrest and Detention Procedures<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#investigation-stage-and-evidence-gathering\">Investigation Stage and Evidence Gathering<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#pre-trial-proceedings-and-bail-applications\">Pre-Trial Proceedings and Bail Applications<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#trial-procedures-and-court-structure\">Trial Procedures and Court Structure<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#trial-process\">Trial Process<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#fundamental-constitutional-rights\">Fundamental Constitutional Rights<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#special-considerations-for-foreign-defendants\">Special Considerations for Foreign Defendants<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#sentencing-and-penalties\">Sentencing and Penalties<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#fine-payment-and-enforcement\">Fine Payment and Enforcement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#appeals-process\">Appeals Process in Criminal Trial Procedures in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#legal-representation\">Legal Representation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#key-differences-from-western-systems\">Key Differences from Western Systems<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#practical-advice-for-expats\">Practical Advice for Expats<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#pre-trial-preparation\">Pre-Trial Preparation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#trial-preparation\">Trial Preparation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#real-life-examples-for-expats-in-thai-criminal-cases\">Real-Life Examples for Expats in Thai Criminal Cases<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#fa-qs-about-criminal-trial-procedures-in-thailand\">FAQs about Criminal Trial Procedures in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-does-the-thai-criminal-justice-system-work-for-foreigners-civil-law-no-jury-presumption-of-innocence\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"tlo-hublink wp-block-paragraph\">These procedures sit inside the wider framework explained in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">criminal law in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 21 September 2026.<\/strong> Every statutory citation on this page was read in Thai against the <strong>Penal Code<\/strong> (sections 29, 30 and 56) and the <strong>Criminal Procedure Code<\/strong> (sections 66, 78, 80, 87, 117, 193 bis and 229\/1), and all of them check out, including the 500 baht per day rate for detention in lieu of a fine, the one year cap and the two year extension where the fine is 200,000 baht or more, and the full detention ladder of 48 hours, then 7, 48 and 84 days. <strong>Supreme Court Decision 736\/2569<\/strong> was read in full to its disposition: the juvenile record was properly weighed because the case was not before a Juvenile and Family Court, and the Court then suspended the sentence for two years because the defendant had repaid 20,000 baht against an 8,500 baht loss. <strong>Not verified here:<\/strong> the bail provision of the Constitution, the Electronic Transactions Act point, the rule on authenticating foreign documents, the stated processing times, and the section on recent reforms. Re-checked on 10 October 2026: section 29 of the Constitution B.E. 2560 read in Thai (a bail request must be considered, security may not be excessive, and refusal must rest on law), which matches; section 11 of the Electronic Transactions Act and its amendment history (2008, and Nos. 3 and 4 of 2019) read on the government&#8217;s central law register, and the reforms paragraph and the electronic-evidence line now state what section 11 provides, without the unsourced claim that further updates were proposed in 2024; Civil Procedure Code sections 46 and 47 and Criminal Procedure Code sections 13 and 15 read in Thai, and the statement that all foreign documents must be authenticated was narrowed to what section 47 requires. Still unverified: the processing times and the rest of the recent-reforms section.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img alt=\"Empty courtroom with wooden benches in Thailand\" class=\"wp-image-28046 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/criminal-trial-procedure-thailand.webp\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div><h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"juvenile-records-in-adult-proceedings\">Juvenile records in adult proceedings (Dika 736\/2569)<\/h4>\n<p>Section 84 of the Juvenile and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/family-court\/\">Family Court<\/a> Act shields a child from having earlier proceedings held against them. Practitioners have long argued that the shield travels with the person into adulthood. <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> Decision (Dika) No. 736\/2569 holds that it does not.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The protection is forum-specific. It operates inside the Juvenile and Family Court. Once the same individual is an adult standing trial in an ordinary criminal court, the court may take the juvenile record into account in deciding whether to suspend the sentence under Section 56, and it can be the reason a suspension is refused.<\/p>\n<p>The practical lesson runs backwards in time. A matter disposed of quickly in the juvenile forum is not disposed of permanently. Anyone advising a young client in Thailand should assume the record will resurface.<\/p>\n<p>The same decision sets the counterweight on the other side of the scale. In this case, restitution of more than twice the loss, together with the guilty plea and nearly ten years without reoffending, led the Supreme Court to suspend the sentence despite the record. See our case note on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/facebook-marketplace-fraud-thailand-supreme-court-736-2569\/\">Dika 736\/2569<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"understanding-the-thai-criminal-justice-system\"><strong>Understanding the Thai Criminal Justice System<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand has a <strong>civil law system<\/strong>. This system is based on written laws. It is mainly guided by the Criminal Procedure Code B.E. 2477 (1934) and the Thai Penal Code. Unlike common law countries, Thai courts do not follow past decisions. However, Supreme Court rulings can still affect case outcomes. The system does not allow <strong>jury trials<\/strong>. All criminal cases are decided only by judges. Judges find the facts and apply the law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Thai Constitution B.E. 2560 (2017) sets important rules. It includes the <strong>presumption of innocence until proven guilty<\/strong>. It also guarantees the right to a fair trial. These constitutional protections apply equally to all individuals in Thailand, regardless of nationality.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"Infographic of the Thai Criminal Justice System\" class=\"wp-image-28051 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/Visual-Aid-of-the-Criminal-Justice-System-in-Thailand.png\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recent-reforms-and-updates-in-thai-criminal-procedure\">Recent Reforms and Updates in Thai Criminal Procedure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s criminal justice system continues to evolve to meet international standards. The 2017 Constitution strengthened protections like the right to a speedy trial and access to justice. The Electronic Transactions Act B.E. 2544 (2001), amended in 2008 and twice in 2019, recognises electronic data and signatures. Since the 2019 amendment, section 11 says in terms that a court may not refuse electronic data as evidence in a civil, criminal or any other case merely because it is electronic, and that the same applies to printouts of it. That covers emails, chat messages, social media posts and CCTV recordings, which matters to expats in online disputes or surveillance cases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"initial-arrest-and-detention-procedures\"><strong>Initial Arrest and Detention Procedures<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"arrest-authority-and-procedures\"><strong>Arrest Authority and Procedures<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai police can arrest people <strong>with or without a warrant<\/strong> in certain situations. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-78\/\">Section 78 of the Criminal Procedure Code<\/a> sets out when police or administrative officers may arrest without a warrant, and section 80 defines a flagrant offence. A warrantless arrest is permitted only where:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A person is committing a flagrant offence, as defined in section 80<\/li>\n\n<li>Someone is found in suspicious circumstances suggesting they are about to cause harm to people or property, carrying a tool, weapon or other object that could be used to commit an offence<\/li>\n\n<li>There are grounds for a warrant under section 66(2), but the matter is too urgent to ask the court for one<\/li>\n\n<li>A suspect or defendant has escaped, or is about to escape, while on provisional release (section 117)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Upon arrest, police must:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inform you that you are being arrested<\/li>\n\n<li>Explain the charges against you<\/li>\n\n<li>Tell you that you may remain silent or give a statement, and that what you say may be used as evidence at trial<\/li>\n\n<li>Tell you that you have the right to meet and consult a lawyer<\/li>\n\n<li>Let you inform a relative or a person you trust of the arrest, where this is practicable and safe<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"detention-time-limits\"><strong>Detention Time Limits<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following arrest, Thai law establishes strict time limits for detention:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Initial Police Custody:<\/strong> Up to <strong>48 hours<\/strong> from arrival at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/inquiry-official\/\">investigating officer&#8217;s station<\/a> before being brought before a court, unless force majeure or another unavoidable necessity prevents it (section 87).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Court-Ordered Detention:<\/strong> After the initial 48 hours, further detention requires judicial authorization with specific limits based on offense severity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Minor offenses<\/strong> (up to 6 months imprisonment or 500 THB fine): one detention order of no more than 7 days<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Moderate offenses<\/strong> (6 months to 10 years imprisonment): Multiple 12-day periods, maximum 48 days total<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Serious offenses<\/strong> (10+ years imprisonment): Multiple 12-day periods, maximum 84 days total<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The 84 days are the ceiling for the most serious offences. Section 87 adds no further period for the prosecutor: if the case is not filed in court within the court-ordered detention, the suspect must be released. Beyond the first 48 days, each further order also requires the investigator or prosecutor to show necessity and produce evidence to the court.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 87<\/h3><p>An arrested person cannot be held longer than necessary. If not released, they must be taken to court within 48 hours so the police or prosecutor can ask for a detention warrant. The court can only order remand for limited, capped periods that grow with the seriousness of the offense, and the accused may have a lawyer at the hearing. The 48 hour period runs from arrival at the inquiry official&#039;s office under Section 83, and it does not apply where there is force majeure or other unavoidable necessity.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">It is prohibited to keep the arrested person in custody beyond what is necessary according to the circumstances of the case.\n In the case of a petty offence, the arrested person may be kept in custody only for such time as is needed to take his statement and to ascertain who he is and where his residence is.\n Where the arrested person is not released provisionally and there is a necessity for the purpose of the investigation or the prosecution of the case, the arrested person shall be taken to the court within forty-eight hours from the time the arrested person was brought to the office of the inquiry official under section 83, except where there is force majeure or another unavoidable necessity, by having the inquiry official or the public prosecutor file an application with the court for a warrant to detain the accused. The court shall ask the accused whether he has any objection, and the court may summon the inquiry official or the public prosecutor to explain the necessity, or may summon evidence for its consideration.\n In the case of a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of imprisonment not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding five hundred baht, or both, the court has the power to order detention only once, for a period not exceeding seven days.\n In the case of a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of imprisonment exceeding six months but less than ten years, or a fine exceeding five hundred baht, or both, the court has the power to order detention several consecutive times, but each time must not exceed twelve days and all together must not exceed forty-eight days.\n In the case of a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of imprisonment of ten years or more, whether or not there is also a fine, the court has the power to order detention several consecutive times, but each time must not exceed twelve days and all together must not exceed eighty-four days.\n In the case under paragraph six, when the court has ordered detention for the full forty-eight days, if the public prosecutor or the inquiry official files an application with the court to detain further by claiming a necessity, the court may order further detention only when the public prosecutor or the inquiry official has shown the necessity and has brought evidence for the court to examine until the court is satisfied.\n In the examination under paragraph three and paragraph seven, the accused has the right to appoint a lawyer to state objections and to question witnesses. If the accused has no lawyer because there has not yet been compliance with section 134\/1 and the accused so requests, the court shall appoint a lawyer for him, and that lawyer has the right to receive a fee and expenses as prescribed in section 134\/1 paragraph three, mutatis mutandis.\n If the inquiry official must conduct the investigation in another locality outside the jurisdiction of the court that ordered the detention of the accused, the inquiry official may file an application to transfer the detention to the court in the locality where the investigation must be conducted; and when the court that ordered the detention deems it appropriate, it shall order the transfer.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 78<\/h3><p>Police or administrative officers generally cannot arrest without a warrant or court order. There are only four exceptions: a flagrant offense, a person carrying a weapon or tool under circumstances suggesting they are about to cause harm, an urgent case where a warrant ground exists but there is no time to get one, and a person fleeing while on bail.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An administrative or police officer may not arrest any person without an arrest warrant or a court order, except: (1) when that person has committed a flagrant offense as provided in Section 80; (2) when a person is found under circumstances giving reasonable suspicion that they are about to cause harm to the person or property of another, and are carrying tools, weapons, or other objects capable of being used to commit an offense; (3) when there is a ground to issue an arrest warrant against that person under Section 66(2), but there is an urgent necessity such that an arrest warrant cannot be applied for from the court; (4) where it is the arrest of an alleged offender or defendant who has fled or is about to flee while under provisional release pursuant to Section 117.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-78\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 83<\/h3><p>When making an arrest, the arrester must tell the person they are being arrested and take them to the investigating officer&#039;s office. If an officer makes the arrest, the officer must state the charge, show any warrant, and advise the person of the right to silence and to a lawyer. Reasonable force may be used if the person resists or flees.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In making an arrest, the officer or private person making the arrest must inform the person to be arrested that he is being arrested, and shall order the arrested person to go, together with the arrester, to the office of the investigating officer of the locality where the arrest is made; except that if he can be taken to the office of the responsible investigating officer at that time, he shall be taken to the office of that responsible investigating officer; but if necessary, the arrested person may be taken by force. Where an officer makes the arrest, the officer must inform the arrested person of the charge; if there is an arrest warrant, it must be shown to the arrested person; and the officer must also inform him that the arrested person has the right to remain silent or to give a statement, that any statement made by the arrested person may be used as evidence in the trial, and that the arrested person has the right to meet and consult a lawyer or a person who is to be his lawyer. If the arrested person wishes to notify a relative or a person whom he trusts of the arrest, and this can be done conveniently and without obstructing the arrest or the custody of the arrested person or causing danger to any person, the officer shall permit the arrested person to do so as is appropriate to the case. In this regard, the arresting officer shall also make a record of the arrest. If the person to be arrested resists or will resist the arrest, or flees or attempts to flee, the person making the arrest has the power to use all such means or precautions as are appropriate to the circumstances of the matter in making the arrest.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-83\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 108<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 31 December 2015<\/span><\/h3><p>This section lists the factors the official or court must weigh on a bail application, such as the seriousness of the charge, the strength of the evidence, flight risk, and possible danger. It also allows conditions on residence and, with consent, electronic monitoring, with special protection for those under eighteen.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In deciding an application for provisional release, the following matters shall be considered together: (1) the gravity of the charge; (2) the extent of the evidence already appearing; (3) the various circumstances of the case; (4) how far the applicant for bail or the security can be relied upon; (5) whether the accused or defendant is likely to abscond; (6) whether, and to what extent, danger or damage may result from the provisional release; (7) in a case where the accused or defendant is detained under a court warrant, if there is an objection by the inquiry official, the public prosecutor, the plaintiff, or the injured person, as the case may be, the court may take it into account in its decision.\n For the purpose of proceeding under paragraph one, the officer empowered to order provisional release or the court may also receive facts, reports, or opinions of officials whom the law charges with duties relating thereto, in support of consideration of the application.\n In granting provisional release, the officer empowered to order provisional release or the court may impose conditions concerning residence or any other conditions for the released person to observe, or, where that person consents, may order the use of an electronic device or any other device capable of monitoring or restricting the travel of the released person, in order to prevent flight, danger, or damage that may arise. However, if the released person is not yet eighteen years of age, then even with that person&#039;s consent, such a device may be ordered only where that person&#039;s conduct may seriously endanger others or there is other reasonable cause.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-108\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 173<\/h3><p>Before a criminal trial begins, the court must ask whether the defendant has a lawyer. In death-penalty cases and cases where the defendant was eighteen or under on the day the charge was filed, the court must appoint one if the defendant has none, whether or not the defendant asks. In imprisonment cases, the court appoints one only if the defendant wants it. The court pays the appointed lawyer.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In a case carrying the penalty of death, or in a case where the defendant is not over eighteen years of age on the day the charge is filed with the court, before the trial begins the court shall ask the defendant whether the defendant has counsel; if not, the court shall appoint counsel for the defendant.\n In a case carrying a penalty of imprisonment, before the trial begins the court shall ask the defendant whether the defendant has counsel; if not and the defendant wishes to have counsel, the court shall appoint counsel for the defendant.\n The court shall pay a fee and expenses to the counsel appointed by the court under this Section, having regard to the nature of the case and to economic conditions, in accordance with the regulations prescribed by the Judicial Administration Commission with the approval of the Ministry of Finance.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-173\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 193 bis<\/h3><p>In minor criminal cases, where the maximum penalty is up to three years&#039; imprisonment, a fine up to sixty thousand baht, or both, you generally cannot appeal on the facts, only on points of law. The defendant keeps a fact appeal in limited situations, such as when actually imprisoned, given a suspended sentence, found guilty with punishment deferred, or fined more than one thousand baht.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">No appeal on a question of fact shall be brought against a judgment of the Court of First Instance in a case in which the maximum penalty prescribed by law is imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine not exceeding sixty thousand baht, or both, except in the following cases, in which the defendant may appeal on a question of fact: (1) the defendant is sentenced to imprisonment or to confinement in lieu of imprisonment; (2) the defendant is sentenced to imprisonment but the court suspends the punishment; (3) the court finds the defendant guilty but suspends the determination of the punishment; or (4) the defendant is sentenced to a fine exceeding one thousand baht.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-193-2\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 56<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 8 April 2016<\/span><\/h3><p>Where the court is to impose imprisonment not exceeding five years, whether or not a fine is also imposed, or is to impose a fine, and the person&#039;s record falls within one of the three descriptions the section gives, the court may adjudge them guilty but suspend the determination of the punishment, or determine the punishment but suspend its execution, for a period it fixes of not more than five years from the day of the judgment, and it may attach conditions for controlling their conduct.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever commits an offence punishable by imprisonment or by fine, and in that case the court is to impose imprisonment not exceeding five years, whether or not a fine is also imposed, or is to impose a fine, if it appears that that person: (1) has never previously received a punishment of imprisonment; (2) has previously received a punishment of imprisonment, but it was a punishment for an offence committed negligently, or for a petty offence, or was imprisonment not exceeding six months; or (3) has previously received a punishment of imprisonment but was released from it more than five years before committing the further offence, the later offence being one committed negligently or a petty offence, and when the court has taken into account the age, personal history, conduct, intelligence, education and training, health, mental condition, disposition, occupation, and environment of that person, or the nature of the offence, or that person&#039;s sense of remorse and efforts to mitigate the harm caused, or any other extenuating circumstance, the court may adjudge that the person is guilty but suspend the determination of the punishment, or determine the punishment but suspend its execution, whether the punishment be imprisonment or a fine or both, so as to give that person an opportunity to reform within such period as the court fixes, which must not exceed five years from the day of the judgment; and the court may or may not fix conditions for controlling that person&#039;s conduct. The conditions for controlling the conduct of an offender under paragraph one may be fixed by the court, one or several as may be appropriate to the case, as follows: (1) to report in person from time to time to the official designated by the court, so that the official may question, advise, assist, or admonish the offender as it thinks fit as to conduct and occupation, or to arrange for the offender to perform social service or public benefit activities; (2) to train for or to carry on a regular lawful occupation; (3) to refrain from association, or from any conduct, that might lead to the commission of a similar offence again; (4) to undergo treatment for narcotic addiction, for physical or mental deficiency, or for any other illness, at the place and for the period fixed by the court; (5) to undergo training at the place and for the period fixed by the court; (6) to be prohibited from leaving the place of residence, or from entering any place, during the times fixed by the court, and for this purpose an electronic device or any other device capable of monitoring or restricting travel may be used; (7) to pay compensation, or otherwise to remedy the damage, to the injured person as agreed between the offender and the injured person; (8) to repair, restore, or remedy damage caused to natural resources or to the environment, or to pay compensation for that purpose; (9) to enter into a bond in such sum as the court thinks fit that the offender will not commit an act of mischief or cause danger to another person or to property; (10) any other condition that the court thinks fit to fix in order to correct or rehabilitate the offender, or to prevent the offender from committing or having the opportunity to commit an offence again, or any condition for remedying the injured person as the court thinks fit. As to the conditions fixed by the court under paragraph two, if it later appears to the court, on the application of the offender, of the offender&#039;s legal representative, of the offender&#039;s curator, of the public prosecutor, or of an official, that the circumstances relating to the control of the offender&#039;s conduct have changed, the court may, if it thinks fit, amend, add to, or revoke any of them, or may additionally fix any condition mentioned in paragraph two that it has not already fixed. If there is a breach of a bond, the provisions of Section 47 shall apply mutatis mutandis.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-56\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 87<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p 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\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\n\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\n\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e08\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e08\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e14\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e31\u0e01\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e53\u0e54\/\u0e51 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\n\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e53\u0e54\/\u0e51\n\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\n\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 78<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e33\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e08\u0e30\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\n(\u0e51) \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e58\u0e50\n(\u0e52)\n\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e20\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\n\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e27\u0e38\u0e18 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e38\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\n(\u0e53) \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e56 \n(\u0e52) \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07\u0e14\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n(\u0e54)\n\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e51\u0e57<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-78\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 83<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e02\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e19\u0e33\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\n\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e16\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e08\u0e30\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e30\u0e14\u0e27\u0e01\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e43\u0e14\n\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-83\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 108<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e18\u0e31\u0e19\u0e27\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2558<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\n\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\n(\u0e51) \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e32\n(\u0e52)\n\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\n(\u0e53) \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e46\n\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e23\n(\u0e54) \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\n(\u0e55)\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\n(\u0e56)\n\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\n(\u0e57)\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\n\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e1e\u0e36\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\n\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\n\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27 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\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-108\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 173<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\n\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\n\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e36\u0e07\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e28\u0e23\u0e29\u0e10\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e22\u0e38\u0e15\u0e34\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-173\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 193 \u0e17\u0e27\u0e34<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n \n(\u0e51)\n\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e01\u0e31\u0e01\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\n \n(\u0e52) \u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\n\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\n \n(\u0e53) \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\n\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\n \n(\u0e54)\n\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-193-2\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 56<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 8 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e29\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2559<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a 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\u0e40\u0e04\u0e22\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e53) 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\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e22\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e22\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 (\u0e58) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e1f\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e39\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e22\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e22\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27 (\u0e59) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e20\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19 (\u0e51\u0e50) \u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e46 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02 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\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e14\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e17\u0e31\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54\u0e57 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-56\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 87<\/h3><p>Non lib\u00e9r\u00e9, le suspect est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au tribunal sous 48 heures d\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e chez l&#039;enqu\u00eateur, sauf force majeure. D\u00e9tention maximale : 7 jours, une fois, peine jusqu&#039;\u00e0 6 mois ou 500 bahts ; 12 jours renouvelables, 48 au total, sous 10 ans ; 84 d\u00e8s 10 ans, n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 prouv\u00e9e.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 78<\/h3><p>Sans mandat ni ordonnance, administration et police n&#039;arr\u00eatent qu&#039;en cas de : (1) flagrant d\u00e9lit (art. 80); (2) suspect paraissant pr\u00eat \u00e0 nuire, muni d&#039;arme, outil ou objet utilisable; (3) motif de mandat (art. 66 (2)) et urgence; (4) fuite ou risque de fuite en libert\u00e9 provisoire (art. 117).<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-78\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 83<\/h3><p>Qui arr\u00eate annonce l&#039;arrestation et conduit la personne, de force si n\u00e9cessaire, chez l&#039;enqu\u00eateur, force proportionn\u00e9e contre r\u00e9sistance ou fuite. L&#039;agent indique les charges, pr\u00e9sente l&#039;\u00e9ventuel mandat, informe du droit au silence, de l&#039;usage probatoire des d\u00e9clarations et du droit \u00e0 un avocat, et laisse si possible pr\u00e9venir un proche.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-83\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 108<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2015<\/span><\/h3><p>Libert\u00e9 provisoire : gravit\u00e9, preuves, circonstances, fiabilit\u00e9 du garant ou de la s\u00fbret\u00e9, fuite, danger; d\u00e9tenu sur mandat : objections de l&#039;enqu\u00eateur, du procureur, du demandeur, de la victime; rapports officiels. Conditions, surveillance \u00e9lectronique consentie; mineur de 18 ans : seulement si gravement dangereux pour autrui ou autre motif.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-108\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 173<\/h3><p>Peine de mort ou accus\u00e9 de 18 ans au plus \u00e0 la poursuite : avant l&#039;audience, le tribunal commet un avocat s&#039;il n&#039;en a pas; emprisonnement encouru : si l&#039;accus\u00e9 le demande. Le tribunal paie honoraires et frais, selon un r\u00e8glement de la Commission judiciaire approuv\u00e9 par les Finances.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-173\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 193 bis<\/h3><p>L&#039;appel en fait d&#039;un jugement de premi\u00e8re instance est interdit si la peine maximale ne d\u00e9passe pas trois ans d&#039;emprisonnement ou 60 000 bahts d&#039;amende, ou les deux, sauf pour le pr\u00e9venu : (1) condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;emprisonnement ou \u00e0 la d\u00e9tention qui le remplace ; (2) condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;emprisonnement avec sursis ; (3) d\u00e9clar\u00e9 coupable avec sursis au prononc\u00e9 de la peine ; ou (4) condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 plus de 1 000 bahts d&#039;amende.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-193-2\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 56<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 8 avril 2016<\/span><\/h3><p>Prison de cinq ans au plus ou amende; auteur jamais emprisonn\u00e9, ou pour imprudence, contravention ou six mois au plus, ou lib\u00e9r\u00e9 depuis plus de cinq ans, r\u00e9cidivant par imprudence ou contravention : vu sa situation, sursis possible au prononc\u00e9 ou \u00e0 l&#039;ex\u00e9cution, cinq ans maximum, mise \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9preuve facultative.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-56\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/5299-2562-excessive-self-defense-proportionality\/\">5299\/2562<\/a> (2019): \u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 5299\/2562: \u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e06\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/5248-2537-premeditated-murder-death-penalty\/\">5248\/2537<\/a> (1994): \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e22\u0e37\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e06\u0e48\u0e32\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e15\u0e23\u0e48\u0e15\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e1b.\u0e27\u0e34.\u0e2d. \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 245 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 19 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"investigation-stage-and-evidence-gathering\"><strong>Investigation Stage and Evidence Gathering<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"police-investigation-process\"><strong>Police Investigation Process<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The investigation phase involves evidence collection by police or administrative officials under their statutory authority. During this stage, suspects have important rights:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Right to remain silent<\/strong>: the inquiry official must first tell the suspect that he or she may choose not to give a statement (section 134\/4).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Right to legal counsel<\/strong> during questioning<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Right to interpreter services<\/strong> if not fluent in Thai<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"prosecutorial-review\"><strong>Prosecutorial Review<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Upon completion of investigation, police submit their findings to the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/public-prosecutor\/\">Public Prosecutor<\/a><\/strong> who determines whether to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>File formal charges in court<\/li>\n\n<li>Issue a non-prosecution order<\/li>\n\n<li>Order continued investigation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The prosecutor must make this decision within the maximum detention period or the suspect must be released.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pre-trial-proceedings-and-bail-applications\"><strong>Pre-Trial Proceedings and Bail Applications<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bail-rights-and-procedures\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/bail-in-thailand\/\">Bail Rights and Procedures<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All people charged with crimes have the <strong>constitutional right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/bail\/\">apply for bail<\/a><\/strong> under Section 29 of the Thai Constitution. However, bail is not automatically granted and depends on judicial discretion. We have an extensive article about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/bail-in-thailand\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">bail in Thailand<\/a> and you should have a look.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"trial-procedures-and-court-structure\"><strong>Trial Procedures and Court Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"court-system-hierarchy\"><strong>Court System Hierarchy<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand\u2019s criminal courts operate through a <strong>three-tier system<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-of-first-instance\/\">Court of First Instance<\/a>:<\/strong> Initial trial court where most criminal cases begin<\/li>\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-processes-in-thailand-appeal\/\">Court of Appeal:<\/a><\/strong> Reviews decisions from lower courts<\/li>\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-processes-in-thailand-appeal\/\">Supreme Court (Dika Court)<\/a>:<\/strong> Final appellate jurisdiction<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"language-requirements-and-translation\"><strong>Language Requirements and Translation<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All criminal proceedings are conducted <strong>exclusively in Thai language<\/strong>. Foreign defendants have the right to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Court-appointed interpreters<\/strong> during all proceedings<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Translation of some documents<\/strong> (not all) into their native language<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Certified translation services<\/strong> for evidence and legal documents<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recent reforms emphasize professional interpretation standards, requiring complete and accurate interpretation without summarization or omission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"evidence-and-discovery-rules\"><strong>Evidence and Discovery Rules<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai criminal procedure includes <strong>limited discovery<\/strong> compared to common law systems. Key evidence rules include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Witness and evidence lists:<\/strong> The prosecution must file its list at least 15 days before the preliminary examination or the first day of evidence; the defence files its list before the defence evidence is heard (section 229\/1)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Documentary evidence standards:<\/strong> A document in a foreign language must be filed with a certified Thai translation of the whole or of its material parts, as the court orders (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-46\/\">Civil Procedure Code section 46<\/a>, applied in criminal cases by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-15\/\">section 15 of the Criminal Procedure Code<\/a>). A power of attorney or similar certificate made abroad must be witnessed by a Thai consul or, where there is none, by a notary public or other authorised official with the foreign government&#8217;s certificate of that authority, when the court or the other side has reason to doubt it is genuine (section 47)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Electronic evidence:<\/strong> May not be refused merely because it is electronic (Electronic Transactions Act B.E. 2544, section 11); its weight depends on how reliably it was created, stored and kept unaltered<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Judicial discretion:<\/strong> Judges may admit or exclude evidence based on relevance and legal standards<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Stage<\/th><th>Key Actions<\/th><th>Time Limits<\/th><th>Rights of Defendant<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Arrest<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/division\/b1-t5-ch-1-arrest-detention-imprisonment\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Police arrest with or without a warrant under sections 78 to 83 CPC<\/a><\/td><td>Must be brought before a court within 48 hours of arriving at the station (section 87)<\/td><td>Right to be informed of charges, remain silent, contact family or lawyer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Investigation<\/strong><\/td><td>Evidence collection, questioning, forensic checks<\/td><td>Within maximum detention period (up to 84 days for the most serious offences)<\/td><td>Right to remain silent, have legal counsel, interpreter if needed<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Pre-Trial<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/bail-in-thailand\/\">Bail applications, evidence submission, judicial review<\/a><\/td><td>Bail decisions made quickly<\/td><td>Right to apply for bail, present evidence, challenge prosecution<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Trial<\/strong><\/td><td>Prosecution presents case, defense responds, cross-examinations<\/td><td>Continuous until completion<\/td><td>Right to interpreter, present witnesses, cross-examine<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Sentencing<\/strong><\/td><td>Judge delivers verdict and penalties<\/td><td>Sentencing immediately or later<\/td><td>Right to appeal, request suspended sentence (if eligible)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Appeals<\/strong><\/td><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-processes-in-thailand-appeal\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Appeal to Court of Appeal or Supreme Court<\/a><\/td><td>Within 1 month of judgment<\/td><td>Right to legal counsel, file written appeal grounds<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"trial-process\"><strong>Trial Process<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Criminal trials follow an <strong>adversarial system<\/strong> with the following sequence:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Entry of Plea:<\/strong> Defendant enters guilty or not guilty plea<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Prosecution Case:<\/strong> State presents evidence and witnesses first<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Defense Case:<\/strong> Defendant presents counter-evidence and witnesses<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Cross-examination:<\/strong> Both sides may question opposing witnesses<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Closing Arguments:<\/strong> Final statements from prosecution and defense<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Judgment:<\/strong> Court renders verdict and sentencing decision<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Rights of Defendants, Especially Expats<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fundamental-constitutional-rights\"><strong>Fundamental Constitutional Rights<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">All defendants in Thailand, including foreigners, enjoy constitutional protections:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Right to remain silent<\/strong> and avoid self-incrimination<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Right to legal counsel<\/strong> at all stages of proceedings<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Right to be informed of charges<\/strong> in understandable language<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Right to present evidence and witnesses<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Right to cross-examine prosecution witnesses<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Right to bail consideration<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Right to appeal<\/strong> adverse decisions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"special-considerations-for-foreign-defendants\"><strong>Special Considerations for Foreign Defendants<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Expatriates face unique challenges requiring additional protections:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Embassy notification rights:<\/strong> Right to contact home country embassy or consulate<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Language assistance:<\/strong> Mandatory interpreter services during all proceedings<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Cultural considerations:<\/strong> Judges may take your background into account, for example in sentencing, but no rule requires it<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Extended trial duration:<\/strong> Foreign defendants may request permission to travel during lengthy proceedings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Immigration Issues for Expats: Criminal charges can affect immigration status. This may lead to visa loss or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/deportation\/\">deportation<\/a> under the Immigration Act B.E. 2522 (1979). If you have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/marriage-visa\/\">marriage visa<\/a>, you could face problems if you have family-related charges. For instance, charges like <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/domestic-violence\/\">domestic violence<\/a> may result in immigration holds. These holds can happen even after you are released from criminal charges. Notify your embassy immediately, as they can assist with coordinating between authorities. Our team at ThaiLawOnline has helped many expats navigate these dual proceedings to avoid unnecessary detention or expulsion<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sentencing-and-penalties\"><strong>Sentencing and Penalties<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types-of-punishments\"><strong>Types of Punishments<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Thai Penal Code establishes five categories of punishment:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Death penalty<\/strong> (for the most serious offenses)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Imprisonment<\/strong> (terms varying by offense severity)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Confinement<\/strong> (lighter form of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/child-custody\/\">custody<\/a>)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Fines<\/strong> (monetary penalties)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Forfeiture of property<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sentencing-considerations\"><strong>Sentencing Considerations<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai courts consider multiple factors during sentencing:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Offense severity<\/strong> and circumstances<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Defendant\u2019s criminal history<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Age, education, and background<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Cooperation with authorities<\/strong><\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Potential for rehabilitation<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/suspended-sentence\/\">Suspended sentences<\/a><\/strong> may be available where the court would impose imprisonment of five years or less and the offender has not been imprisoned before, or only for negligence, a petty offence or up to six months, or was released from an earlier prison term more than five years ago and the new offence is negligent or petty; the same applies where the court imposes only a fine (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-56\/\">Penal Code section 56<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fine-payment-and-enforcement\"><strong>Fine Payment and Enforcement<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Defendants <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fine\/\">sentenced to fines<\/a> must pay within <strong>30 days<\/strong> of judgment. If the fine is not paid in time, the defendant\u2019s property must be seized or claims attached to pay it, or failing that the defendant is confined in lieu of the fine (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-29\/\">Penal Code section 29<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Property seizure<\/strong> to satisfy the fine<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Detention in lieu of fine<\/strong> at a rate of 500 THB per day, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-30\/\">Penal Code section 30<\/a>. Confinement is capped at one year, or two years where the fine is 200,000 baht or more.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Maximum detention period<\/strong> of 1-2 years depending on fine amount<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"appeals-process\"><strong>Appeals Process<\/strong> in Criminal Trial Procedures in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"appeal-rights-and-timelines\"><strong>Appeal Rights and Timelines<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Defendants have the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-processes-in-thailand-appeal\/\">right to appeal criminal convictions<\/a> within <strong>one month<\/strong> of judgment being read. However, appeals are subject to certain restrictions:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Limited factual appeals:<\/strong> Where the maximum penalty for the offence is three years&#8217; imprisonment or less, or a fine of 60,000 baht or less, you cannot appeal on the facts (section 193 bis). The exceptions are a sentence of imprisonment or confinement in its place, a suspended sentence, a finding of guilt with punishment deferred, and a fine of more than 1,000 baht. Appeals on points of law remain open.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Appeal process stages:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Court of Appeal:<\/strong> Reviews first instance decisions<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Supreme Court:<\/strong> Final review through \u201cDika appeal\u201d process<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Written submissions:<\/strong> Appeals must contain detailed grounds and legal arguments<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"appeal-processing-times\"><strong>Appeal Processing Times<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Recent reforms establish specific timeframes for appeal consideration:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Court of Appeal:<\/strong> targets of 4 months to 1 year from receipt of the file, depending on the case category (6 months where only the sentence is appealed)<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Supreme Court:<\/strong> a target of 1 year from receipt of the file (6 months where only the sentence is in issue); these are targets, not limits<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since January 2023, the guidance suggests about 6 to 12 months for the Court of Appeal. For the Supreme Court, it is about one year, with some exceptions. There is nothing automatic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legal-representation\"><strong>Legal Representation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"right-to-counsel\"><strong>Right to Counsel<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai law guarantees the right to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/cheap-legal-services-in-bangkok\/\">legal representation throughout criminal proceedings<\/a>. Key aspects include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Court-appointed counsel:<\/strong> Where the offence carries the death penalty, or the defendant was not over 18 on the day the charge was filed in court, the court must appoint a lawyer if the defendant has none; in any case punishable by imprisonment it appoints one if the defendant has none and asks for one (section 173, and section 134\/1 at the investigation stage)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Private representation:<\/strong> Defendants may hire private attorneys at any stage of proceedings<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Language considerations:<\/strong> Foreign defendants should seek bilingual lawyers familiar with both Thai law and their home country\u2019s legal systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"choosing-legal-counsel\"><strong>Choosing Legal Counsel<\/strong> for Criminal Trial Procedures in Thailand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When selecting criminal defense counsel, expatriates should consider:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Experience with Thai criminal law<\/strong> and procedures<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Language capabilities<\/strong> for effective communication<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Track record<\/strong> with foreign client representation<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Understanding of cultural differences<\/strong> in legal systems<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Availability for extended proceedings<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-differences-from-western-systems\"><strong>Key Differences from Western Systems<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"structural-differences\"><strong>Structural Differences<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai criminal procedure differs significantly from common law systems:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>No jury system:<\/strong> Judges decide all questions of fact and law<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Civil law foundation:<\/strong> Based on codified statutes rather than precedent<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Judicial discretion:<\/strong> Broader judge authority in evidence and procedure decisions<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Continuous trial system:<\/strong> Hearings proceed without interruption until completion<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"procedural-variations\"><strong>Procedural Variations<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Limited discovery:<\/strong> Restricted access to prosecution evidence before trial<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Different bail standards:<\/strong> More restrictive approach, especially for foreigners<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Longer potential pre-trial detention:<\/strong> Up to 84 days in court-ordered detention before the case is filed<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Mandatory interpreter services:<\/strong> Required by section 13 of the Criminal Procedure Code for anyone who cannot speak or understand Thai<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-advice-for-expats\"><strong>Practical Advice for Expats<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"immediate-actions-upon-arrest\"><strong>Immediate Actions Upon Arrest<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If arrested in Thailand, expatriates should:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Remain calm and respectful<\/strong> to avoid escalating the situation<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Exercise right to remain silent<\/strong> until legal counsel is present<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Request interpreter services<\/strong> if not fluent in Thai<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Contact embassy or consulate<\/strong> for assistance and notification<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Avoid signing documents<\/strong> without legal advice and translation<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Request legal counsel immediately<\/strong> and decline questioning without representation<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pre-trial-preparation\"><strong>Pre-Trial Preparation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">During pre-trial detention or release on bail:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maintain communication<\/strong> with legal counsel<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Gather supporting evidence<\/strong> and witness information<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Understand charge implications<\/strong> and potential penalties<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Comply with all bail conditions<\/strong> to avoid revocation<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Prepare for potential language barriers<\/strong> in court proceedings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"trial-preparation\"><strong>Trial Preparation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before trial proceedings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Review evidence lists<\/strong> with legal counsel<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Prepare witness testimony<\/strong> and supporting documentation<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Understand court procedures<\/strong> and expected timeline<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Arrange for qualified interpreters<\/strong> if needed beyond court-appointed services<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Consider cultural factors<\/strong> that may affect case presentation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"real-life-examples-for-expats-in-thai-criminal-cases\">Real-Life Examples for Expats in Thai Criminal Cases<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider a common scenario: An expat teacher accused of assault in a bar altercation. Without good legal help, they could spend up to 48 days in detention before charges are filed (assault under section 295 carries at most two years, which puts it in the 48-day band of Criminal Procedure Code section 87). However, with a strong bail application, they might be released in just a few days. This application should include proof of community ties and a Thai guarantor. In another case, a business owner accused of fraud used emails to prove their innocence. This led to a decision not to prosecute.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These examples highlight why early intervention matters. If you are married to a Thai partner and facing family dispute charges, cultural misunderstandings can make things harder. Our bilingual lawyers can help you with this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fa-qs-about-criminal-trial-procedures-in-thailand\">FAQs about Criminal Trial Procedures in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755181464835\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does the Thai criminal justice system work for foreigners (civil law, no jury, presumption of innocence)?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Thailand uses a civil law system based on written laws. These include the Criminal Procedure Code, the Thai Penal Code, and the Constitution from 2017. There are no jury trials; panels of career judges find facts and apply the law. All defendants, including expats, benefit from the presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial. This means cases go through the Court of First Instance. If there is an appeal, they move to the Court of Appeal. Finally, they go to the Supreme Court (Dika). Since precedent is persuasive and not binding in Thailand, Supreme Court rulings can affect outcomes. However, lower courts do not have to follow past decisions strictly. For searchers comparing systems, think \u201ccivil law, judge-led trials, codified rules, and strong judicial discretion.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755181499322\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are my rights on arrest in Thailand and what happens in the first 48 hours?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Police can make arrests with a warrant. They can also arrest without a warrant in certain situations. These situations include catching someone in the act, urgent need, or if the person might escape. When you are arrested, you must be told why. You should know the charges against you. You have the right to remain silent. You can contact your family or a lawyer. If you don\u2019t speak Thai, you should get an interpreter. After you arrive at the investigating officer&#8217;s station, the 48-hour clock starts. You must see a judge within that time for a detention review. In this early \u201cinquiry\u201d phase, use your right to have a lawyer. Do not sign documents that are not translated. Also, ask for consular notification under the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations (Article 36).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755181500212\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How long can Thai police and courts detain a suspect before filing charges (7, 48, 84 days)?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>After the first 48 hours, more detention needs a court order. The length of detention depends on the offense. Minor offenses allow one order of up to 7 days. Mid-range offenses can be held for 12-day blocks, up to 48 days. Serious offenses can be held for 12-day blocks, up to 84 days. There is no extra period for prosecutors: 84 days is the ceiling. If the case is not filed within the court-ordered detention, the suspect must be released. For expats, remember that immigration holds are different from criminal remand. Talk to your lawyer about any possible \u201coverstay\u201d or visa problems that could affect your release.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755181569295\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does bail work in Thailand for expats, and what securities are accepted?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Bail is a constitutional right to apply (not an automatic release). Judges weigh charge severity, strength of evidence, flight risk, potential witness\/evidence interference, and community ties. Foreign defendants often have to give up their passports. They may also face higher security amounts and travel bans. Leaving Thailand while on bail needs the court&#8217;s permission, and immigration is notified. Courts accept different types of securities. These include cash, bank books, fixed deposits, land title deeds, and sometimes government job guarantees. A good petition will have proof of where you live, your job, medical needs, and a Thai guarantor. This \u201cflight-risk mitigation package\u201d can greatly improve your chances.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755181611829\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the Thai criminal trial process and how is evidence handled (discovery, electronic evidence, interpreters)?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Trials are adversarial but judge-driven. After the plea, the prosecution presents first, followed by the defense case, cross-examination, closing arguments, and judgment\/sentencing. Discovery is more limited than in common-law systems. Each side must file witness and evidence lists: the prosecution at least 15 days before its evidence is heard, the defence before its own evidence (section 229\/1). The court has wide discretion on what evidence is allowed and when to schedule it. Foreign-language documents must be filed with a certified Thai translation, and a power of attorney made abroad must be legalised if the court or the other side has reason to doubt it. Electronic evidence, like emails, chats, metadata, CCTV, and phone extractions, can be used in court. This is allowed under the Electronic Transactions Act B.E. 2544. However, it must be reliable and follow the chain of custody. All court proceedings are in Thai. Court-appointed interpreters are available. The modern standard is to provide complete and accurate interpretation without summaries.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755181648738\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What sentences and fines can Thai courts impose, and how do suspended sentences and fine enforcement work?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Available penalties include death (for the gravest crimes), imprisonment, confinement, fines, and forfeiture. Judges assess offense gravity, circumstances, criminal history, age\/education, cooperation, and rehabilitation prospects. Offenders the court would sentence to five years or less, who have not been imprisoned before (or only for negligence, a petty offence or up to six months), may be eligible for a suspended sentence or probation. Fines must be paid within 30 days of judgment (Penal Code section 29). If the fine is not paid, the state may take property. They can also change the fine to detention. This is done at a rate of 500 THB per day (Penal Code section 30). There is a maximum time limit based on the fine amount. Defendants can request installment payments or time extensions with cause.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1755181693805\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do criminal appeals work in Thailand (Court of Appeal &amp; Supreme Court\/Dika) and how long do they take?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You generally have one month from pronouncement of judgment to file an appeal. The Court of Appeal looks at legal issues and, in some cases, factual issues. A further appeal to the Dika (Supreme Court) can happen on certain grounds. Timelines can be different based on complexity. The courts&#8217; published target is about 6 to 12 months at the Court of Appeal, though complex appeals take longer. Dika review usually aims to be done in about a year for standard cases. Appeals are made through written submissions. These include transcripts, documents, and specific legal arguments. It is important to keep objections and evidence issues during the trial. This helps ensure they are considered in the appeal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-does-the-thai-criminal-justice-system-work-for-foreigners-civil-law-no-jury-presumption-of-innocence\"><strong>Conclusion<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding Thai criminal trial procedures is essential for expatriates living in or visiting Thailand. The system is based on civil law and does not have jury trials. It also has special protections for foreign defendants. This creates a unique legal environment. It is important to navigate this carefully with help from a qualified lawyer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Key principles for expats to remember include: exercising constitutional rights to remain silent and obtain legal counsel.\u00a0 But also understanding the importance of interpreter services and document translation, recognizing the potential for extended pre-trial detention periods. Lastly, appreciating the significant judicial discretion in Thai criminal proceedings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Thai criminal justice system offers basic protections for all defendants, no matter their nationality. However, the procedures can be complex, and cultural differences exist, which can affect how courts of justice handle cases. This makes having a lawyer very important for getting fair and just results. Getting help from a qualified bilingual lawyer who knows Thai law and international legal rules is important. This support gives you the best chance to succeed in Thai criminal trial procedures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By knowing these procedures and rights, expatriates can protect themselves better in the event of a criminal complaint. They can also make informed choices when dealing with the Thai criminal justice system. This helps ensure their constitutional protections are kept during the legal process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moj.go.th\/index.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Ministry of Justice in Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lawyerscouncil.or.th\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lawyer\u2019s council of Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Thailand\u2019s criminal justice system works differently from many Western systems. It is important for expatriates to know the procedures, rights, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":11298,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-02\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"},{\"date\":\"2026-11-04\",\"note\":\"Added Criminal Procedure Code section 193 bis to the statute box, with Thai, English and French text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"criminal procedural regulations for courts","rank_math_title":"Criminal Trial Procedures in Thailand - ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Criminal trial procedure in Thailand: arrest and detention limits, the police investigation, prosecutorial review, bail applications and interpreters.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Criminal Procedural Regulations for Courts","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-120","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/120","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=120"}],"version-history":[{"count":22,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/120\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12453,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/120\/revisions\/12453"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11298"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=120"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}