{"id":132,"date":"2025-08-02T19:24:52","date_gmt":"2025-08-02T12:24:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/white-collar-crimes-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-11-04T03:48:49","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T20:48:49","slug":"white-collar-crimes-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/white-collar-crimes-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e02\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e31\u0e01\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e01 \u0e09\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e01\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">White-collar crimes in Thailand are an important type of crime in Thai law. They include complex financial crimes. These crimes usually involve people in trusted positions. Understanding the precise legal definitions, elements, and penalties of these crimes is essential for both legal practitioners and individuals operating within Thailand\u2019s business environment. This detailed study looks at three main types of white-collar crimes in Thailand. These are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fraud\/\">fraud<\/a>, embezzlement, and corruption under Thai law.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"Forensic accountant reviewing financial records\" class=\"wp-image-26875 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/white-collar-crime-thailand.webp\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#fraud-under-thai-criminal-law\">Fraud Under Thai Criminal Law<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#specialized-fraud-offenses\">Specialized Fraud Offenses<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#embezzlement-and-misappropriation-under-thai-law\">Embezzlement and Misappropriation Under Thai Law<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#corruption-under-thai-law\">Corruption Under Thai Law<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-organic-act-on-anti-corruption-b-e-2561-2018\">The Organic Act on Anti-Corruption B.E. 2561 (2018)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#money-laundering-under-thai-law\">Money Laundering Under Thai Law<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#corporate-criminal-liability\">Corporate Criminal Liability<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#enhanced-penalties-for-serious-corruption\">Enhanced Penalties for Serious Corruption<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#asset-forfeiture-and-recovery\">Asset Forfeiture and Recovery<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#enforcement-framework\">Enforcement Framework<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#specialized-courts\">Specialized Courts<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#procedural-considerations\">Procedural Considerations<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#recent-case-studies-and-developments\">Recent Case Studies and Developments<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faqs-about-white-collar-crimes-in-thailand\">Faqs about White Collar Crimes in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-are-white-collar-crimes-in-thailand\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fraud-under-thai-criminal-law\">Fraud Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">Thai Criminal Law<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legal-definition-and-statutory-framework\">Legal Definition and Statutory Framework<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fraud is fully covered in Chapter 3 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/\">Thai Criminal Code<\/a>. This is found in Sections 341-348, which are called \u201cOffence of Cheating and Fraud.\u201d The fundamental definition of fraud is established in Section 341, which provides the essential elements that constitute this offense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 341, Basic Fraud<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-341\/\">Section 341 of the Thai Criminal Code<\/a>, fraud happens when someone deceives another person. This can be done by lying or hiding important facts. If this deception leads to getting property from the deceived person or someone else, it is considered fraud. It also includes causing the deceived person or another person to sign, cancel, or destroy a legal document<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"essential-elements-of-fraud\">Essential Elements of Fraud<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a fraud conviction under Thai law, the prosecution must establish several key elements:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Dishonest Deception<\/strong><br\/>The accused must have engaged in dishonest conduct involving either the assertion of falsehood or concealment of material facts. The dishonesty element means the accused tried to gain an advantage they were not legally allowed to have. You need the intend of being \u201cdishonest\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Material Misrepresentation<\/strong><br\/>The deception must involve either:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Active misrepresentation through false statements<\/li>\n\n<li>Passive concealment of facts that should have been disclosed<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Reliance and Causation: <\/strong><br\/>The victim must have relied on the false representation or concealment, and this reliance must have caused the harm.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. Damage or Intended Damage<\/strong><br\/>The deception must result in either:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Obtaining property from the deceived person or a third party<\/li>\n\n<li>Causing execution, revocation, or destruction of a document of right<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"penalties-for-basic-fraud\">Penalties for Basic Fraud<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 341 prescribes punishment of \u201cimprisonment not exceeding three years or fined not exceeding sixty thousand Baht, or both.\u201d The fine figures were raised roughly tenfold by the Criminal Code Amendment Act (No. 26) B.E. 2560 (2017); older sources still quote the 1956 amounts. Basic fraud is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/compounding-offense\/\">compoundable under Section 348<\/a>, so a genuine settlement and withdrawal of the complaint ends the criminal case; the victim\u2019s civil claim for the money is separate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In defending against fraud charges, accused people may argue they did not intend to be dishonest. They might also say the victim did not rely on their actions or that they honestly believed the facts they presented. For businesses, having strong compliance programs can help under Thai law. This includes anti-fraud training and internal audits. These programs can lower penalties or help avoid corporate liability. Courts may consider voluntary restitution as a factor in sentencing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aggravated-forms-of-fraud\">Aggravated Forms of Fraud<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai law recognizes several aggravated forms of fraud with enhanced penalties:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 342, Special Circumstances of Fraud<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enhanced penalties apply when fraud is committed:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>By impersonation (\u201cshowing himself to be another person\u201d)<\/li>\n\n<li>By taking advantage of the lack of understanding of a deceived child<\/li>\n\n<li>By taking advantage of mental weakness<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These circumstances raise the penalty is imprisonment not exceeding 5 years <em>and\/or<\/em> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fine\/\">fine<\/a> not exceeding 100,000 Baht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 343, Public Fraud<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When fraud impacts the public with false claims or hidden facts, it can lead to serious penalties. The punishment can be up to five years in prison, a fine of up to one hundred thousand Baht, or both<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If public fraud is also committed in any of the circumstances in Section 342, Section 343 paragraph two applies: imprisonment from six months to seven years and a fine from 10,000 to 140,000 baht. Both the prison term and the fine are mandatory here, not alternatives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-differences-between-fraud-embezzlement-and-corruption-in-thai-law\"><strong>Key Differences Between Fraud, Embezzlement, and Corruption in Thai Law<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th><strong>Crime Type<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Legal Basis<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Who Commits It?<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Core Elements<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Penalties (Basic)<\/strong><\/th><th><strong>Enforcement Agencies<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Fraud<\/strong><\/td><td>Thai Criminal Code Sections 341-348<\/td><td>Individuals, business actors<\/td><td>Dishonest deception, misrepresentation, victim reliance, resulting damage<\/td><td>Up to 3 years\u2019 imprisonment or a fine of up to 60,000 THB, or both<\/td><td>Royal Thai Police, Courts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Embezzlement<\/strong><\/td><td>Thai Criminal Code Sections 352-356<\/td><td>Persons in possession or with fiduciary duty<\/td><td>Lawful initial possession, dishonest conversion, lack of legal right<\/td><td>Up to 3-5 years\u2019 imprisonment depending on severity<\/td><td>Royal Thai Police, Courts<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Corruption<\/strong><\/td><td>Criminal Code + Organic Act B.E. 2561 (2018)<\/td><td>Public officials, private sector actors<\/td><td>Bribery, abuse of functions, dishonest gain during official or business activity<\/td><td>5 to 20 years or life imprisonment and a fine of 100,000 to 400,000 THB for an official&#8217;s embezzlement or bribe-taking (Criminal Code ss.147, 149); death is also available under ss.148 and 149<\/td><td>NACC, AMLO, Technology Crime Division<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 341<\/h3><p>This section defines cheating and fraud: dishonestly deceiving another by a false statement or by concealing facts that should be disclosed, and thereby obtaining property or causing a document of right to be executed, revoked or destroyed. The penalty is imprisonment up to three years, or a fine up to sixty thousand baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever dishonestly deceives another person by asserting a false statement, or by concealing a fact which should be disclosed, and by that deception obtains property from the person deceived or from a third person, or causes the person deceived or a third person to execute, revoke or destroy a document of right, commits the offence of cheating and fraud and shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine not exceeding sixty thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-341\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 343<\/h3><p>Fraud on the public is committed where the fraud under Section 341 is carried out by asserting a false statement to the public, or by concealing a fact that should be disclosed to the public. It carries up to five years, or a fine of up to 100,000 baht, or both. Where the public fraud also has a characteristic listed in Section 342 (impersonation, or exploiting a child&#039;s lack of intelligence or the weakness of mind of the person deceived), the penalty is imprisonment from six months to seven years and a fine from 10,000 to 140,000 baht. The offence is not compoundable under Section 348.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Where the offence under Section 341 is committed by asserting a false statement to the public, or by concealing a fact which should be disclosed to the public, the offender shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding five years, or a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand baht, or both.\n Where the offence under paragraph one also has any of the characteristics described in Section 342, the offender shall be liable to imprisonment from six months to seven years and a fine from ten thousand baht to one hundred and forty thousand baht.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-343\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 348<\/h3><p>This section makes every offence in the cheating and fraud chapter compoundable, with one exception: public fraud under Section 343. So Sections 341, 342, 344, 345, 346 and 347 can be settled between the parties, and Section 343 cannot. Section 348 creates no offence and carries no penalty of its own; it governs how the offences in the chapter may be brought to an end.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The offences in this Chapter, other than the offence under Section 343, are compoundable offences.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-348\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 352<\/h3><p>Misappropriation is committed by a person who already holds property belonging to another, or jointly owned with another, and dishonestly takes it for himself or a third party. The punishment is imprisonment up to three years, a fine up to sixty thousand baht, or both, and only one half of that where the property came into the offender&#039;s hands because someone delivered it to him by mistake, or where it is lost property that he found.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever, being in possession of property belonging to another person, or of which another person is a co-owner, dishonestly converts that property to himself or to a third person, commits the offence of misappropriation and shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine not exceeding sixty thousand baht, or both. If the property came into the possession of the offender because another person delivered it by mistake of any kind, or if it is lost property which the offender has found, the offender shall be liable to only one half of that punishment.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-352\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 353<\/h3><p>This section punishes a person entrusted to manage another&#039;s property, or jointly owned property, who dishonestly breaches his duty and causes damage to that person&#039;s property interests. The penalty is up to three years imprisonment, a fine up to sixty thousand baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever, being entrusted with the management of the property of another person, or of property of which another person is a co-owner, dishonestly acts in breach of his duty in any manner so as to cause damage to the property interests of that person, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine not exceeding sixty thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-353\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 354<\/h3><p>This section increases the penalty for misappropriation under Section 352 or breach of trust under Section 353 when the offender is a court-appointed or testamentary administrator, or someone in an occupation or business the public naturally trusts. The penalty rises to up to five years imprisonment, a fine up to one hundred thousand baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If the offence under Section 352 or Section 353 is committed by an offender who is an administrator of another person&#039;s property by order of the court or under a will, or who is a person whose occupation or business is one that naturally commands the trust of the public, the offender shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding five years, or a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-354\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 147<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 21 March 2017<\/span><\/h3><p>This section punishes an official who has a duty over property and dishonestly takes it for himself or another, or dishonestly lets someone else take it. The penalty is five to twenty years or life imprisonment, plus a fine of 100,000 to 400,000 baht.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever, being an official having the duty to buy, make, manage or maintain any property, dishonestly misappropriates that property for himself or for another, or dishonestly allows another person to take that property away, shall be punished with imprisonment from five to twenty years or imprisonment for life, and a fine from one hundred thousand to four hundred thousand baht.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-147\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 60 <small>Prevention of Money Laundering Act B.E. 2542<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Any person who commits the offence of money laundering shall be liable to imprisonment for a term of one to ten years or a fine of twenty thousand to two hundred thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/YU5IWVFwdXI2bTl2T3JXMlE0elZUQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 341<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e2b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e17\u0e33 \u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e33\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e09\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e01\u0e07 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-341\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 343<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e53\u0e54\u0e51 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e53\u0e54\u0e52 \u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e43\u0e14\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-343\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 348<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e53\u0e54\u0e53 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-348\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 352<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e01\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e01 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-352\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 353<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e08\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-353\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 354<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e53\u0e55\u0e52 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e53\u0e55\u0e53 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08 \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-354\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 147<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 21 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2560<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d \u0e17\u0e33 \u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e22\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e57 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-147\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 60 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1f\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2542<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/YU5IWVFwdXI2bTl2T3JXMlE0elZUQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 341<\/h3><p>Quiconque, frauduleusement, trompe autrui en affirmant un fait mensonger ou en dissimulant un fait vrai qui aurait d\u00fb \u00eatre r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9, et, au moyen de cette tromperie, obtient un bien de la personne tromp\u00e9e ou d&#039;un tiers, ou am\u00e8ne la personne tromp\u00e9e ou un tiers \u00e0 \u00e9tablir, r\u00e9voquer ou d\u00e9truire un titre, commet l&#039;infraction d&#039;escroquerie et est puni d&#039;un emprisonnement de trois ans au plus, d&#039;une amende de soixante mille bahts au plus, ou de ces deux peines.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-341\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 343<\/h3><p>L&#039;escroquerie de l&#039;article 341 commise par fausse affirmation au public ou en taisant au public un fait \u00e0 r\u00e9v\u00e9ler encourt cinq ans, 100 000 bahts, ou les deux, au plus; avec une circonstance de l&#039;article 342, de six mois \u00e0 sept ans et 10 000 \u00e0 140 000 bahts.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-343\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 348<\/h3><p>Les infractions de ce chapitre, sauf celle de l&#039;article 343, sont susceptibles de transaction.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-348\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 352<\/h3><p>Quiconque, ayant en sa possession un bien appartenant \u00e0 autrui ou dont autrui est copropri\u00e9taire, se l&#039;approprie frauduleusement, pour lui-m\u00eame ou pour un tiers, commet l&#039;infraction de d\u00e9tournement (abus de confiance) et est puni d&#039;un emprisonnement de trois ans au plus, d&#039;une amende de soixante mille bahts au plus, ou de ces deux peines.\nSi le bien est parvenu en la possession de l&#039;auteur de l&#039;infraction parce qu&#039;autrui le lui a remis par une erreur quelconque, ou s&#039;il s&#039;agit d&#039;un bien perdu que l&#039;auteur a trouv\u00e9, celui-ci n&#039;encourt que la moiti\u00e9 de cette peine.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-352\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 353<\/h3><p>Quiconque, charg\u00e9 de g\u00e9rer les biens d&#039;autrui ou des biens dont autrui est copropri\u00e9taire, manque frauduleusement \u00e0 ses devoirs de quelque mani\u00e8re que ce soit et cause ainsi un pr\u00e9judice aux int\u00e9r\u00eats patrimoniaux de cette personne est puni d&#039;un emprisonnement de trois ans au plus, d&#039;une amende de soixante mille bahts au plus, ou des deux.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-353\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 354<\/h3><p>Si l&#039;infraction pr\u00e9vue \u00e0 l&#039;article 352 ou 353 est commise par l&#039;auteur en sa qualit\u00e9 de gestionnaire des biens d&#039;autrui en vertu d&#039;une d\u00e9cision de justice ou d&#039;un testament, ou en sa qualit\u00e9 de professionnel ou d&#039;entreprise jouissant de la confiance du public, la peine est un emprisonnement de cinq ans au plus, une amende de cent mille bahts au plus, ou les deux.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-354\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 147<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 21 mars 2017<\/span><\/h3><p>Le fonctionnaire charg\u00e9 d&#039;acheter, de fabriquer, de g\u00e9rer ou de conserver un bien qui se l&#039;approprie frauduleusement pour lui-m\u00eame ou pour autrui, ou qui permet frauduleusement \u00e0 autrui de s&#039;en emparer, est puni d&#039;un emprisonnement de cinq \u00e0 vingt ans ou de la r\u00e9clusion \u00e0 perp\u00e9tuit\u00e9, et d&#039;une amende de cent mille \u00e0 quatre cent mille bahts.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-147\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 60 <small>Prevention of Money Laundering Act B.E. 2542<\/small><\/h3><p>Le blanchiment est puni d&#039;un \u00e0 dix ans d&#039;emprisonnement et\/ou d&#039;une amende de 20 000 \u00e0 200 000 bahts.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/YU5IWVFwdXI2bTl2T3JXMlE0elZUQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/2252-2560-corporate-veil-pierced\/\">2252\/2560<\/a> (2017): \u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e08\u0e36\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/YU5IWVFwdXI2bTl2T3JXMlE0elZUQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Prevention of Money Laundering Act B.E. 2542<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 3 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 19 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"specialized-fraud-offenses\">Specialized Fraud Offenses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Criminal Code also addresses specific types of fraudulent conduct:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 344, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/tax-evasion-and-money-laundering-in-thailand\/\">Fraud for Services<\/a><\/strong><br\/>Deceiving ten or more people into working with intent not to pay them, or to pay less than agreed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 345, Fraud for Food, Drink, or Shelter<\/strong><br\/>Addressing situations where individuals consume services knowing they cannot pay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 346, Fraud Exploiting Vulnerability: <\/strong><br\/>Covering fraud committed against mentally impaired persons or children.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 347, Insurance Fraud<\/strong><br\/>Deliberately damaging insured property so that oneself or another person benefits from the insurance. The penalty is up to five years in prison, a fine of up to 100,000 Baht, or both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"embezzlement-and-misappropriation-under-thai-law\">Embezzlement and Misappropriation Under Thai Law<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legal-framework\">Legal Framework<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Embezzlement and misappropriation are governed by Chapter 5 of the Thai Criminal Code, Sections 352-356, titled \u201cOffence of Misappropriation.\u201d These provisions address various forms of property conversion by persons in positions of trust.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"section-352-basic-misappropriation\">Section 352, Basic Misappropriation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Definition and Elements<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 352 defines misappropriation. It happens when someone has property that belongs to another person. If that person uses the property for themselves or someone else in a dishonest way, it is misappropriation<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The essential elements include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Lawful Initial Possession<\/strong><br\/>The accused must have come into <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/due-diligence-in-thailand\/\">lawful possession<\/a> of the property belonging to another or property they co-own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. Dishonest Conversion<\/strong><br\/>The accused must have dishonestly converted the property for their own use or for a third party\u2019s benefit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. Lack of Legal Right<\/strong><br\/>The conversion must be unauthorized and without legal justification.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Penalties<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Basic misappropriation under Section 352 can lead to a punishment of up to three years in prison. It can also result in a fine of up to sixty thousand Baht, or both<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mitigation for Certain Circumstances<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This section allows for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/drug-laws-in-thailand-criminal-defense-lawyer\/\">lower penalties<\/a> when the offender gets property by mistake or finds lost property. In these cases, the punishment is cut in half.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"section-353-breach-of-trust-in-management\">Section 353, Breach of Trust in Management<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Definition<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 353 talks about cases where someone is trusted to manage another person\u2019s property. If that person acts dishonestly, they can cause harm. This harm can affect the other person\u2019s benefits from their property<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This provision specifically targets fiduciaries and managers who breach their duties, carrying the same penalties as basic misappropriation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"section-354-aggravated-misappropriation\">Section 354, Aggravated Misappropriation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Enhanced Penalties for Positions of Trust<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 354 imposes enhanced penalties when misappropriation is committed by persons in specific positions of trust:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/estate-administrator\/\">Executors<\/a> or administrators under court order or will<\/li>\n\n<li>Persons in occupations or businesses of public trust<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The enhanced penalty is \u201cimprisonment not exceeding five years or fined not exceeding one hundred thousand Baht, or both.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"section-355-conversion-of-found-property\">Section 355, Conversion of Found Property<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This section talks about converting valuable movable property that is hidden or buried without an owner. The penalties are up to one year in prison, a fine of up to twenty thousand Baht, or both. Do note that laws change and evolve and these penalties might not be the latest ones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"corruption-under-thai-law\">Corruption Under Thai Law<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legal-framework-1\">Legal Framework<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corruption in Thailand is addressed through multiple legal instruments, with the primary legislation being:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Thai Criminal Code<\/strong>\u00a0(Sections 147-166), addressing corruption by public officials<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Organic Act on Anti-Corruption B.E. 2561 (2018)<\/strong>, comprehensive anti-corruption framework<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Various specific anti-corruption statutes<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"corruption-under-the-criminal-code\">Corruption Under the Criminal Code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Public Official Corruption<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Thai Criminal Code addresses various forms of corruption by public officials in Sections 147-166, including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 147, Misappropriation by Public Officials<\/strong><br\/>An official whose duty is to buy, make, manage or keep property and who dishonestly converts it, or lets another take it: 5 to 20 years or life imprisonment, and a fine of 100,000 to 400,000 Baht. Sections 148 and 149 (extorting, or soliciting or accepting, a benefit) carry the same range or death.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Sections 151-155, Various Forms of Official Misconduct<\/strong><br\/>Section 151 punishes an official managing property who dishonestly uses the office to the loss of the state or the owner; section 152 an official who takes a personal interest in an affair they manage; section 153 an official who pays out more than is due; sections 154 and 155 dishonest collection, waiver or valuation of tax and fees. Sections 151, 154 and 155 carry 5 to 20 years or life and a fine of 100,000 to 400,000 Baht; sections 152 and 153 carry 1 to 10 years and a fine of 20,000 to 200,000 Baht.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 157, Abuse of Functions<\/strong><br\/>An official who wrongfully performs or omits a duty to cause injury to anyone, or performs or omits it dishonestly: 1 to 10 years, or a fine of 20,000 to 200,000 Baht, or both.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-organic-act-on-anti-corruption-b-e-2561-2018\">The Organic Act on Anti-Corruption B.E. 2561 (2018)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Comprehensive Corruption Definition<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Organic Act defines corruption broadly. It refers to actions or failures to act during official duties. It also includes actions that might make others think the person is acting in their official role. This applies whether or not the act is part of their official job. It can also includes private sector corruption under certain provisions. The key point is that these actions are done dishonestly to gain unfair benefits for themselves or others<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Please note the many changes to the law since 2018. Corporate criminal liability for bribery is created by Section 176 paragraph two of the Organic Act itself, which came into force on 22 July 2018, the day after publication; before that it sat in Section 123\/5 of the B.E. 2542 Act that this one repealed. This was part of Thailand\u2019s efforts to comply with the FATF (Financial Action Task Force). The most recent amendment to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/money-laundering\/\">Anti-Money Laundering<\/a> Act B.E. 2542 (1999) is Act (No. 6) B.E. 2565, published in the Royal Gazette on 25 October 2022, which widened the protection given to victims of predicate offences and to third parties with an interest in property that the prosecutor asks the court to forfeit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-corruption-offenses\">Key Corruption Offenses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 176, Bribery of Officials<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This section prohibits giving, offering, or promising property or benefits to:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Thai state officials<\/li>\n\n<li>Foreign public officials<\/li>\n\n<li>Officials of international organizations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The intent must be to induce wrongful performance of official duties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Penalties<\/strong>: imprisonment of up to 5 years, or a fine of up to 100,000 Baht, or both, under Section 176 paragraph one. The heavier penalties in the Act sit on the receiving side rather than the giving side: a state official, a foreign state official or an official of an international organisation who solicits or accepts a bribe faces 5 to 20 years&#8217; imprisonment or life imprisonment, together with a fine of 100,000 to 400,000 Baht, under Sections 173 and 174.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Active vs. Passive Bribery<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai law criminalizes both:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Active bribery<\/strong>: Offering bribes to officials<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Passive bribery<\/strong>: Officials accepting or demanding bribes<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"money-laundering-under-thai-law\"><strong>Money Laundering Under Thai Law<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Money laundering is a key white-collar crime often linked to fraud, embezzlement, and corruption. It is mainly governed by the Anti-Money Laundering Act B.E. 2542 (1999), as updated. This law makes it a crime to hide or disguise where illegal money comes from.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-elements\">Key Elements:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Predicate Offense: The funds must come from a predicate offence listed in section 3, for example corruption, public fraud, or fraud and embezzlement by insiders of a financial institution.<\/li>\n\n<li>Intent or knowledge: the offender must act to conceal or disguise the property&#8217;s origin, or must know, when acquiring, holding or using it, that it is connected with an offence (section 5).<\/li>\n\n<li>Acts of Laundering: Including transferring, converting, or concealing assets.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Penalties<\/strong>: Section 60 of the Act sets imprisonment of one to ten years, or a fine of 20,000 to 200,000 Baht, or both. The one year and the 20,000 Baht are the statutory minimums, but a court may still reduce the sentence by up to half for mitigating circumstances under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-78\/\">Criminal Code section 78<\/a>, and may impose a fine alone. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/juristic-person\/\">A juristic person<\/a> that commits the offence is fined 200,000 to 1,000,000 Baht under Section 61, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/director\/\">a director<\/a>, manager or other person responsible for running it whose order, or whose failure to give an order, caused the offence faces the same one to ten years. The Anti-Money Laundering Office (AMLO) leads investigations, often in tandem with the NACC. Real-estate brokers and agents that are juristic persons must report cash transactions above the ministerial-regulation threshold, and suspicious transactions, to AMLO under Section 16, as must incorporated dealers in gems, jewellery and gold, car dealers and second-hand dealers (AMLO can order an unincorporated operator to report by written notice), and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/due-diligence\/\">due diligence<\/a> expected of those businesses follows from that listing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"corporate-criminal-liability\">Corporate Criminal Liability<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Liability of legal entities under the Organic Act on Anti-Corruption<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Legal entities can face criminal liability for corruption committed by \u201cassociated persons\u201d including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Employees<\/li>\n\n<li>Agents<\/li>\n\n<li>Affiliated companies<\/li>\n\n<li>Representatives<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mitigation Through Compliance Programs<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Companies can reduce or eliminate liability by implementing appropriate internal control measures, as outlined in NACC guidelines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Penalties for Legal Entities<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 176 paragraph two the company is fined not less than once and not more than twice the damage caused or the benefit obtained. That fine is the only penalty the section imposes on the company: the Organic Act gives no power to order the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/dissolution-liquidation\/\">dissolution<\/a> of a company for bribery. The paragraph reaches a company incorporated in Thailand and a foreign company carrying on business in Thailand, and an associated person is its representative, employee, agent, affiliated company or anyone acting for it or in its name, whether or not that person held authority to do so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"enhanced-penalties-for-serious-corruption\">Enhanced Penalties for Serious Corruption<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For severe corruption cases involving public officials, Thai law provides for enhanced penalties including:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Imprisonment from 5-20 years<\/li>\n\n<li>Life imprisonment in extreme cases<\/li>\n\n<li>Substantial fines ranging from 100,000-400,000 THB<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"asset-forfeiture-and-recovery\">Asset Forfeiture and Recovery<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai anti-corruption law provides extensive powers for:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Asset freezing<\/strong>\u00a0during investigations<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Asset forfeiture<\/strong>\u00a0upon conviction<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Civil forfeiture<\/strong>\u00a0for unexplained wealth<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>International cooperation<\/strong>\u00a0in asset recovery<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"enforcement-framework\">Enforcement Framework<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-enforcement-agencies\">Key Enforcement Agencies<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"national-anti-corruption-commission-nacc\"><strong>National Anti-Corruption Commission (NACC)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The primary anti-corruption enforcement agency is pivotal in addressing white-collar crime in Thailand.<\/li>\n\n<li>Investigates corruption by high-level officials<\/li>\n\n<li>Asset investigation and forfeiture powers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"anti-money-laundering-office-amlo\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.amlo.go.th\/index.php\/en\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Anti-Money Laundering Office<\/a> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/tax-evasion-and-money-laundering-in-thailand\/\">AMLO<\/a>)<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Focuses on money laundering aspects of corruption<\/li>\n\n<li>Asset tracing and recovery is a crucial aspect of addressing white-collar crime in Thailand.<\/li>\n\n<li>International cooperation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"royal-thai-police\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/police-clearance-certificate-thailand\/\">Royal Thai Police<\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Economic Crime Suppression Division<\/li>\n\n<li>Technology Crime Suppression Division<\/li>\n\n<li>General corruption investigations<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"specialized-courts\">Specialized Courts<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand has set up special Criminal Courts for Corruption and Misconduct Cases. These courts deal with complex white-collar crime cases. They use better skills and procedures to handle these prosecutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"procedural-considerations\">Procedural Considerations<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"statute-of-limitations\">Statute of Limitations<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/prescription\/\">statute of limitations<\/a> follows the penalty the offence carries, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-95\/\">Section 95 of the Criminal Code<\/a>, not the office the accused held: 20 years where the offence is punishable by death, life imprisonment or 20 years&#8217; imprisonment; 15 years for more than seven and less than 20 years; 10 years for more than one year up to seven years; five years for more than one month up to one year; and one year below that. Offering a bribe under Section 176 carries up to five years, so the period is 10 years, while the officials&#8217; offences in Sections 173 and 174 fall in the 20 year band. Section 7 of the Organic Act removes the reward for absconding: time spent in flight while the case is being pursued or tried is not counted towards the period, and where the defendant absconds after a final judgment of guilt, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-98\/\">Section 98 of the Criminal Code<\/a> does not apply at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"international-cooperation\">International Cooperation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand maintains extensive <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/extradition-from-thailand-legal-process-and-law\/\">mutual legal assistance<\/a> treaties and participates in international asset recovery efforts, particularly through:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>UNCAC (UN Convention Against Corruption)<\/li>\n\n<li>ASEAN mutual legal assistance agreements<\/li>\n\n<li>Bilateral <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/extradition\/\">extradition<\/a> and MLAT treaties<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"compoundable-offenses\">Compoundable Offenses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 348 (fraud) and Section 356 (misappropriation), most fraud and misappropriation offenses can be settled. This means they can be resolved through an agreement between the parties involved. However, public fraud under Section 343 is not compoundable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recent-case-studies-and-developments\"><strong>Recent Case Studies and Developments<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What has actually moved in this area is the legislation rather than any single case. The Organic Act B.E. 2561 introduced corporate criminal liability for bribery in Section 176 paragraph two, and the most recent amendment to the Anti-Money Laundering Act is Act (No. 6) B.E. 2565 (2022), which widened the protection of victims of predicate offences and of third parties with an interest in property under a forfeiture application. Neither Act mentions digital assets or cryptocurrency anywhere in its text, and a business in that sector should not assume that either statute is where its obligations are written.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 27 September 2026.<\/strong> Criminal Code section 341 and its amendment note (No. 26 B.E. 2560) were read in Thai, together with section 348; the Organic Act and Anti-Money Laundering Act material was checked by an earlier review under r284. Not re-checked for this review: sections 342 to 356 and 147 to 157 beyond the summary given here, and the enforcement-agency lists. Re-checked on 10 October 2026: Criminal Code sections 147 to 149, 151 to 155, 157 and 346 read in Thai (this site&#8217;s annotated Code, penalties as amended by No. 26 B.E. 2560), and sections 342 to 355 by an earlier pass on 5 October; the comparison table omitted the death penalty that sections 148 and 149 carry, and the summaries of sections 147, 151 to 155 and 157 now give their elements and penalties. The enforcement-agency lists remain unverified.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs-about-white-collar-crimes-in-thailand\">Faqs about White Collar Crimes in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1754137620699\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are white collar crimes in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>What are white collar crimes in Thailand?<br \/>White collar crimes in Thailand are non-violent financial crimes. These crimes are done for money. They are usually committed by people in business or professional jobs. These crimes include fraud, bribery, and corruption. They are often handled under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/\">Thai Penal Code<\/a> and the Anti-Money Laundering Act.<\/br><\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1754137632127\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does the Thai court handle white collar crime cases?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Thai court system handles white collar crime cases by using the right laws and rules. This includes the Penal Code and financial regulations. Legal professionals often represent clients in these cases, which may involve complex financial records and evidence to establish <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legal-services-in-bangkok\/\">criminal liability<\/a> beyond a reasonable doubt.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1754137633205\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What role do law firms play in white collar crime investigations?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Law firms in Thailand are important in white collar crime investigations. They give legal advice, conduct internal audits, and help clients understand the law. They assist in implementing robust compliance programs and internal controls to prevent financial fraud and other criminal activities.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1754137665245\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the penalties for financial offenses under Thai law?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Penalties for financial offenses in Thailand can vary depending on the severity of the crime. They may include fines, imprisonment, or both, especially for serious offenses such as bribery and insider trading. The Thai legal system focuses on following the law. It can impose serious penalties to prevent crime.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1754137689110\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How does the personal data protection law intersect with white collar crime?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The personal data protection law in Thailand affects white collar crime. It sets legal rules for handling sensitive financial information. Companies need to set up internal controls to protect personal data. If they do not comply, they may face legal issues. This is especially true in cases of employee fraud or financial gain.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1754137690174\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the impact of the Anti-Money Laundering Act on white collar crime in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The Anti-Money Laundering Act greatly affects white collar crime in Thailand. It offers a way to fight financial crimes. It requires businesses to report suspicious transactions. They must also do careful checks to stop money laundering and related crimes. This helps improve financial integrity.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1754137742604\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do amendments to laws affect white collar crimes in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Changes to laws about white collar crimes in Thailand show how financial crimes are changing. They also show the need for new rules. These changes can help deal with new criminal activities. They will improve the legal framework for crime investigations. This ensures that law enforcement and legal professionals have the tools they need to fight financial crimes effectively.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1754137743766\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the common types of white collar crimes seen in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Common types of white collar crimes in Thailand include bribery and corruption, financial fraud, tax evasion, and insider trading. These crimes often involve asking for something valuable. They can have serious effects on businesses and people. This requires careful investigation and legal action by authorities.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-are-white-collar-crimes-in-thailand\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai law provides comprehensive coverage of white-collar crimes through detailed statutory frameworks addressing fraud, embezzlement, and corruption. The legal system focuses on criminal punishment and civil recovery. Specialized agencies and courts manage these complex cases. Understanding these legal definitions and requirements is crucial for compliance and effective legal representation in Thailand\u2019s evolving regulatory environment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you think you might be involved in a white-collar crime, get in touch with us. If you need help with compliance, our skilled Thai lawyers are here to assist you. Contact us today. We offer a private consultation. Schedule an appointment via our contact form or call +66-8-7225-1340 or write an email to us. . Early intervention can mitigate risks and protect your interests in Thailand\u2019s complex legal landscape<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>White-collar crimes in Thailand are an important type of crime in Thai law. They include complex financial crimes. These crimes [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":11306,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-04\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"white-collar crimes in thailand","rank_math_title":"White-Collar Crimes in Thailand - ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Fraud, misappropriation under Sections 352 to 355, and corruption under the 2018 Anti-Corruption Act: the elements, the penalties and the defences.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"White-Collar Crimes in Thailand","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-132","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/132","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=132"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/132\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12429,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/132\/revisions\/12429"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=132"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}