{"id":133,"date":"2025-08-01T20:18:26","date_gmt":"2025-08-01T13:18:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T17:15:44","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:15:44","slug":"criminal-law-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/criminal-law-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deportation and a criminal case: the 2026 procedure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/ratchakitcha.soc.go.th\/documents\/127927.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">2026 deportation regulation<\/a> was published on 27 August and took effect on <strong>28 August 2026<\/strong>. Deportation is a separate decision from the criminal sentence. Clause 5 includes immigration offences, unlawful work and Foreign Business Act offences; its separate five-year category concerns an offence\u2019s statutory imprisonment threshold, not a requirement for every foreign defendant to receive a five-year sentence. Prison authorities must give at least 15 days\u2019 notice before the relevant release. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/suspended-sentence\/\">Suspended sentences<\/a> and fine-only outcomes are also referred for consideration. Referral does not itself mean an automatic deportation order.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A lawyer handling bail or sentencing should also check the immigration position and any proposed deportation or re-entry order. Serving a sentence, paying a fine or obtaining a suspended sentence does not by itself resolve permission to stay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">A foreign judgment does not settle Thai exposure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/deka.in.th\/deka\/2569-889\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supreme Court Decision No. 889\/2569<\/a> distinguishes a bar to prosecution from protection against a second punishment. A foreign judgment does not trigger Section 39(4) of Thailand\u2019s Criminal Procedure Code. Thai jurisdiction still needs a statutory basis. For offences within <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-10\/\">Section 10 of the Penal Code<\/a>, a final foreign acquittal or a sentence fully served abroad may prevent punishment again in Thailand; in Supreme Court Decision 889\/2569 a suspended foreign prison sentence was not treated as a sentence served, because the defendant did not prove the foreign court&#8217;s suspension rules. Do not describe every foreign judgment as either a complete shield or legally irrelevant. Read our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/double-jeopardy-in-thailand\/\">double-jeopardy explanation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 87<\/h3><p>An arrested person cannot be held longer than necessary. If not released, they must be taken to court within 48 hours so the police or prosecutor can ask for a detention warrant. The court can only order remand for limited, capped periods that grow with the seriousness of the offense, and the accused may have a lawyer at the hearing. The 48 hour period runs from arrival at the inquiry official&#039;s office under Section 83, and it does not apply where there is force majeure or other unavoidable necessity.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">It is prohibited to keep the arrested person in custody beyond what is necessary according to the circumstances of the case.\n In the case of a petty offence, the arrested person may be kept in custody only for such time as is needed to take his statement and to ascertain who he is and where his residence is.\n Where the arrested person is not released provisionally and there is a necessity for the purpose of the investigation or the prosecution of the case, the arrested person shall be taken to the court within forty-eight hours from the time the arrested person was brought to the office of the inquiry official under section 83, except where there is force majeure or another unavoidable necessity, by having the inquiry official or the public prosecutor file an application with the court for a warrant to detain the accused. The court shall ask the accused whether he has any objection, and the court may summon the inquiry official or the public prosecutor to explain the necessity, or may summon evidence for its consideration.\n In the case of a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of imprisonment not exceeding six months or a fine not exceeding five hundred baht, or both, the court has the power to order detention only once, for a period not exceeding seven days.\n In the case of a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of imprisonment exceeding six months but less than ten years, or a fine exceeding five hundred baht, or both, the court has the power to order detention several consecutive times, but each time must not exceed twelve days and all together must not exceed forty-eight days.\n In the case of a criminal offence with a maximum penalty of imprisonment of ten years or more, whether or not there is also a fine, the court has the power to order detention several consecutive times, but each time must not exceed twelve days and all together must not exceed eighty-four days.\n In the case under paragraph six, when the court has ordered detention for the full forty-eight days, if the public prosecutor or the inquiry official files an application with the court to detain further by claiming a necessity, the court may order further detention only when the public prosecutor or the inquiry official has shown the necessity and has brought evidence for the court to examine until the court is satisfied.\n In the examination under paragraph three and paragraph seven, the accused has the right to appoint a lawyer to state objections and to question witnesses. If the accused has no lawyer because there has not yet been compliance with section 134\/1 and the accused so requests, the court shall appoint a lawyer for him, and that lawyer has the right to receive a fee and expenses as prescribed in section 134\/1 paragraph three, mutatis mutandis.\n If the inquiry official must conduct the investigation in another locality outside the jurisdiction of the court that ordered the detention of the accused, the inquiry official may file an application to transfer the detention to the court in the locality where the investigation must be conducted; and when the court that ordered the detention deems it appropriate, it shall order the transfer.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 83<\/h3><p>When making an arrest, the arrester must tell the person they are being arrested and take them to the investigating officer&#039;s office. If an officer makes the arrest, the officer must state the charge, show any warrant, and advise the person of the right to silence and to a lawyer. Reasonable force may be used if the person resists or flees.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In making an arrest, the officer or private person making the arrest must inform the person to be arrested that he is being arrested, and shall order the arrested person to go, together with the arrester, to the office of the investigating officer of the locality where the arrest is made; except that if he can be taken to the office of the responsible investigating officer at that time, he shall be taken to the office of that responsible investigating officer; but if necessary, the arrested person may be taken by force. Where an officer makes the arrest, the officer must inform the arrested person of the charge; if there is an arrest warrant, it must be shown to the arrested person; and the officer must also inform him that the arrested person has the right to remain silent or to give a statement, that any statement made by the arrested person may be used as evidence in the trial, and that the arrested person has the right to meet and consult a lawyer or a person who is to be his lawyer. If the arrested person wishes to notify a relative or a person whom he trusts of the arrest, and this can be done conveniently and without obstructing the arrest or the custody of the arrested person or causing danger to any person, the officer shall permit the arrested person to do so as is appropriate to the case. In this regard, the arresting officer shall also make a record of the arrest. If the person to be arrested resists or will resist the arrest, or flees or attempts to flee, the person making the arrest has the power to use all such means or precautions as are appropriate to the circumstances of the matter in making the arrest.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-83\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 134\/1<\/h3><p>Before questioning, the inquiry official must ask whether the accused has a lawyer. In death-penalty cases or where the accused is eighteen or under, the State must provide one automatically; in imprisonment cases, the State provides one if the accused wants it. In a case of necessity and urgency, if a provided lawyer fails to attend within a reasonable time, questioning may proceed without the lawyer, but the reason must be recorded.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In a case carrying the death penalty, or in a case where the accused is not more than eighteen years of age on the day the inquiry official notifies the charge, before beginning to take the accused&#039;s statement the inquiry official shall ask the accused whether he has a lawyer; if not, the State shall provide a lawyer for him.\n In a case carrying a penalty of imprisonment, before beginning to take the accused&#039;s statement the inquiry official shall ask the accused whether he has a lawyer; if not and the accused wants a lawyer, the State shall provide a lawyer for him.\n The provision of a lawyer under paragraph one or paragraph two shall be carried out by the inquiry official in accordance with the rules, procedures, and conditions prescribed in a ministerial regulation, and the lawyer provided by the State shall receive a reward and expenses in accordance with the regulations prescribed by the Ministry of Justice with the approval of the Ministry of Finance.\n Once a lawyer has been provided to the accused under paragraph one, paragraph two, or paragraph three, in a case of necessity and urgency, if the lawyer cannot come to meet the accused without notifying the inquiry official of the obstacle, or notifies but does not come to meet the accused within a reasonable time, the inquiry official may proceed to question the accused without waiting for the lawyer, but the inquiry official must record that reason in the investigation file.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-134-1\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 134\/4<\/h3><p>Before taking a statement, the inquiry official must warn the accused of the right to remain silent (and that any statement may be used as evidence) and the right to have a lawyer or trusted person present. Anything the accused says before this warning, or before the related rights procedures are done, cannot be used to prove guilt.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In taking the accused&#039;s statement, the inquiry official shall first inform the accused that: (1) the accused has the right to give a statement or not; if the accused gives a statement, the words the accused states may be used as evidence in the trial of the case; (2) the accused has the right to have a lawyer or a person whom he trusts attend and hear his interrogation. When the accused is willing to make any statement, the statement shall be recorded; if the accused is not willing to give any statement at all, that shall also be recorded.\n Any words that the accused gives to the inquiry official before being informed of the rights under paragraph one, or before the procedures under Section 134\/1, Section 134\/2, and Section 134\/3 have been carried out, may not be used as evidence to prove the guilt of that person.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-134-4\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 13<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 8 February 2008<\/span><\/h3><p>Section 13 requires criminal proceedings to be in Thai and requires an interpreter when a party or witness cannot understand or speak Thai, including a sign-language interpreter or another suitable method for those who cannot speak or hear. The authorities must provide an interpreter without delay, the interpreter must translate accurately, take an oath and sign, and is paid allowances and expenses.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An inquiry, preliminary examination or trial shall be conducted in the Thai language. But where it is necessary to translate a local Thai dialect, a regional language or a foreign language into Thai, or to translate Thai into a local Thai dialect, a regional language or a foreign language, an interpreter shall be used.\n Where the injured person, alleged offender, defendant or a witness cannot speak or understand Thai, or can speak or understand only a local Thai dialect or a regional language, and there is no interpreter, the inquiry official, public prosecutor or Court shall provide an interpreter without delay.\n Where the injured person, alleged offender, defendant or a witness cannot speak, hear, or communicate, and there is no sign-language interpreter, the inquiry official, public prosecutor or Court shall provide a sign-language interpreter, or arrange for questions, answers or communication to be made by another appropriate method.\n When an interpreter interprets statements, testimony or other matters, the interpreter must interpret correctly. The interpreter must take an oath or affirmation that he will perform his duty in good faith and will not add to or omit from what is interpreted, and the interpreter shall sign the interpretation.\n The inquiry official, public prosecutor or Court shall order payment of an allowance, travel expenses and accommodation expenses to the interpreter provided under this Section, in accordance with the regulations prescribed by the Royal Thai Police, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Justice, the Office of the Attorney-General or the Office of the Judiciary, as the case may be, with the approval of the Ministry of Finance.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-13\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 106<\/h3><p>This section sets out who may apply for provisional release (bail) of a suspect or accused and where to file the application at each stage: with the inquiry official or prosecutor before charge, with the court when detained on a court warrant, and with the Court of First Instance, Court of Appeal, or Supreme Court as the case moves through the system.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An application for the provisional release of a suspect or accused, whether without security, with security, or with security and collateral, regardless of whether that person is under custody or detention pursuant to a court warrant, may be filed by the suspect, the accused, or an interested person, as follows: (1) When the suspect is under custody and has not yet been prosecuted before the court, the application shall be filed with the inquiry official or the public prosecutor, as the case may be; (2) When the suspect is under detention pursuant to a court warrant and has not yet been prosecuted before the court, the application shall be filed with that court; (3) When the suspect has been prosecuted, the application shall be filed with the Court of First Instance trying the case; (4) When the Court of First Instance or the Court of Appeal has read its judgment, even though no appeal or petition has yet been filed, or an appeal or petition has been filed but the case file has not yet been sent to the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court, the application shall be filed with the Court of First Instance trying the case. Where the Court of First Instance considers it appropriate to grant provisional release, it shall order the grant; otherwise, it shall promptly forward the application together with the case file to the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court for an order, as the case may be; (5) When the court has sent the case file to the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court, the application may be filed either with the Court of First Instance trying the case, or with the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court, as the case may be. Where it is filed with the Court of First Instance, that court shall promptly forward the application to the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court for an order, as the case may be.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-106\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 10<\/h3><p>Section 10 deals with acts committed outside Thailand that Thai law still punishes, under Section 7(2) and (3), Section 8 and Section 9. If a foreign court has finally acquitted you of the same act, you cannot be punished for it in Thailand. If a foreign court convicted you and you have finished serving that sentence, you cannot be punished here either. If you were sentenced abroad but have not yet finished serving it, the Thai court may go below the penalty the law prescribes, or impose none at all, taking account of what you have already served.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever commits an act outside the Kingdom which is an offence under the various Sections specified in Section 7(2) and (3), Section 8, and Section 9 shall not be punished again in the Kingdom for that act if: (1) a final judgment of a foreign court has acquitted that person; or (2) a foreign court has passed judgment imposing punishment and that person has already served it. Where the person against whom judgment was given has already undergone punishment for that act under the judgment of a foreign court but has not yet completed it, the court may impose a punishment less than that provided by law for the offence, to any extent, or may impose no punishment at all, having regard to the punishment already undergone.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-10\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 226\/3<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 8 February 2008<\/span><\/h3><p>A second-hand statement offered to prove that what it says is true counts as hearsay, and the court will not normally accept it. It can be admitted only when the statement is credible given its source and circumstances, or when the original witness genuinely cannot be produced and admitting it serves justice.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A statement of assertion that any witness brings to testify before the court, or that is recorded in a document or any other object adduced as evidence to the court, shall, if presented to prove the truth of that statement, be deemed hearsay.\n The court shall not admit hearsay evidence except: (1) where, by its condition, nature, source and the surrounding facts, such hearsay is likely to prove the truth; or (2) where there is necessity, because the person who personally and directly saw, heard or knew the matter to be testified cannot be brought as a witness, and there is reasonable cause in the interest of justice to admit such hearsay.\n Where the court considers that any hearsay should not be admitted and the concerned party objects before the court proceeds further, the court shall record in the report the name, or the type and nature, of the hearsay, the reason for refusal, and the objection of the concerned party. As for the grounds raised by the objecting party, the court shall in its discretion record them in the report or require that party to submit a statement to the court to be included in the case file.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-226-3\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 87<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p 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\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\n\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\n\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e08\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e08\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e40\u0e08\u0e47\u0e14\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e31\u0e01\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e53\u0e54\/\u0e51 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\n\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e53\u0e54\/\u0e51\n\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\n\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 83<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e02\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e19\u0e33\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\n\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e16\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e08\u0e30\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e30\u0e14\u0e27\u0e01\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e43\u0e14\n\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-83\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 134\/1<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e32\n\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\n\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e22\u0e38\u0e15\u0e34\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\n\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48\u0e07\u0e14\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e21\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-134-1\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 134\/4<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\n(\u0e51) \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n(\u0e52)\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e33\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e43\u0e08\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e43\u0e08\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e16\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46\n\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e53\u0e54\/\u0e51 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e53\u0e54\/\u0e52 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e53\u0e54\/\u0e53\n\u0e08\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e08\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-134-4\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 13<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 8 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2551<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32 \u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e01\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32 \u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e1e\u0e39\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e22\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e46\n\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e15\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15\u0e43\u0e08\n\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e14\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 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\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e22\u0e38\u0e15\u0e34\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 \u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-13\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 106<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32 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\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\n(\u0e52)\n\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n(\u0e53) \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19(\u0e54 ) 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\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e21\u0e34\u0e09\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\n(\u0e55)\n\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\n\u0e08\u0e30\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e23\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-106\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 10<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e46 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e57 (\u0e52) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 (\u0e53) \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e58 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e59 \u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32 (\u0e51) \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e52) \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e36\u0e07\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-10\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 226\/3<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 8 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2551<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e43\u0e14\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e01\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e38\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\n\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e19\u0e33\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e08\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\n\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\n(\u0e51) \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\n\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e08\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\n(\u0e52)\n\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e22\u0e34\u0e19\n\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e15\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e22\u0e38\u0e15\u0e34\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e14\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e14\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e19\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\n\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\n\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e22\u0e01\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e14\u0e38\u0e25\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e14\u0e25\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-226-3\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 87<\/h3><p>Non lib\u00e9r\u00e9, le suspect est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 au tribunal sous 48 heures d\u00e8s son arriv\u00e9e chez l&#039;enqu\u00eateur, sauf force majeure. D\u00e9tention maximale : 7 jours, une fois, peine jusqu&#039;\u00e0 6 mois ou 500 bahts ; 12 jours renouvelables, 48 au total, sous 10 ans ; 84 d\u00e8s 10 ans, n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 prouv\u00e9e.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 83<\/h3><p>Qui arr\u00eate annonce l&#039;arrestation et conduit la personne, de force si n\u00e9cessaire, chez l&#039;enqu\u00eateur, force proportionn\u00e9e contre r\u00e9sistance ou fuite. L&#039;agent indique les charges, pr\u00e9sente l&#039;\u00e9ventuel mandat, informe du droit au silence, de l&#039;usage probatoire des d\u00e9clarations et du droit \u00e0 un avocat, et laisse si possible pr\u00e9venir un proche.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-83\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 134\/1<\/h3><p>L&#039;enqu\u00eateur demande d&#039;abord au suspect s&#039;il a un avocat ; sinon, l&#039;\u00c9tat en fournit si la mort est encourue ou s&#039;il a 18 ans au plus, ou, si la prison est encourue, \u00e0 sa demande. En urgence, si l&#039;avocat fourni ne vient pas, l&#039;audition se poursuit, motif consign\u00e9.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-134-1\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 134\/4<\/h3><p>Avant l&#039;audition, l&#039;enqu\u00eateur informe le suspect qu&#039;il peut parler ou non, que ses d\u00e9clarations peuvent servir de preuve, et qu&#039;un avocat ou une personne de confiance peut assister. Les d\u00e9clarations ant\u00e9rieures \u00e0 cette information ou aux articles 134\/1 \u00e0 134\/3 sont irrecevables comme preuve de culpabilit\u00e9.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-134-4\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 13<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 8 f\u00e9vrier 2008<\/span><\/h3><p>L&#039;enqu\u00eate, l&#039;examen pr\u00e9liminaire et le proc\u00e8s se d\u00e9roulent en tha\u00ef ; \u00e0 la victime, au suspect, \u00e0 l&#039;accus\u00e9 ou au t\u00e9moin sans interpr\u00e8te, l&#039;autorit\u00e9 en fournit un sans d\u00e9lai s&#039;il ignore le tha\u00ef, ou, s&#039;il est sourd ou muet, en langue des signes ou autre moyen. L&#039;interpr\u00e8te, r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9, pr\u00eate serment.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-13\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 106<\/h3><p>Le suspect, l&#039;accus\u00e9 ou tout int\u00e9ress\u00e9 d\u00e9pose la demande de libert\u00e9 provisoire aupr\u00e8s de l&#039;enqu\u00eateur ou du procureur avant poursuites, du tribunal du mandat, ou du tribunal de premi\u00e8re instance apr\u00e8s poursuites ou jugement sans transmission du dossier ; apr\u00e8s transmission, \u00e0 ce tribunal ou \u00e0 la juridiction sup\u00e9rieure.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-106\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 10<\/h3><p>Pour un acte hors du Royaume relevant des articles 7 (2) et (3), 8 et 9, aucune peine n&#039;est prononc\u00e9e au Royaume apr\u00e8s lib\u00e9ration par jugement \u00e9tranger d\u00e9finitif ou peine \u00e9trang\u00e8re purg\u00e9e. Si elle est partiellement purg\u00e9e, le tribunal peut r\u00e9duire la peine l\u00e9gale ou l&#039;\u00e9carter selon la peine subie.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-10\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 226\/3<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 8 f\u00e9vrier 2008<\/span><\/h3><p>Est ou\u00ef-dire la d\u00e9claration rapport\u00e9e par un t\u00e9moin ou consign\u00e9e, pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e pour prouver sa v\u00e9racit\u00e9. Elle est irrecevable, sauf si sa nature, sa source et son contexte la rendent probablement fiable, ou par n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 dans l&#039;int\u00e9r\u00eat de la justice, faute de t\u00e9moin direct ; tout rejet contest\u00e9 est consign\u00e9.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-226-3\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UVdzUTNzUFZlT3VBOEw2allVWTZxZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"26696\" class=\"elementor elementor-26696\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94dcc88 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"94dcc88\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1b5a32 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b1b5a32\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bac54b elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7bac54b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Criminal Law in Thailand<\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bc5faee elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"bc5faee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Easy to Understand for Expats<\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e03f5c4 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e03f5c4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/bail-in-thailand\/\">Criminal law in Thailand can feel confusing if you are new here. This hub links our guides on arrest, detention, bail in Thailand, court procedure, sentencing, and appeals. It is written for expats and visitors, with short answers and steps you can follow. Thailand has no jury system. Judges decide facts and law. Police may hold you up to 48 hours before court review, then any further detention needs a court order. Remember that not knowing the law is not an excuse&#8230;<\/a><\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-759c645 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"759c645\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3776374 elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"3776374\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/online-consultation-with-a-thai-lawyer\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">BOOK A CONSULTATION<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-61cfd24 elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"61cfd24\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/contact-us\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">CONTACT US NOW<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b752bc2 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"b752bc2\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-664f0b4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-html\" data-id=\"664f0b4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"html.default\">\n <style>\n    #tlo-criminal-guide {\n        --tlo-primary: #1a365d;\n        --tlo-secondary: #c53030;\n        --tlo-accent: #d69e2e;\n        --tlo-light: #f7fafc;\n        --tlo-dark: #2d3748;\n        font-family: 'Segoe UI', system-ui, sans-serif;\n        line-height: 1.8;\n        color: var(--tlo-dark);\n        background: var(--tlo-light);\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide h2 {\n        color: var(--tlo-primary);\n        font-size: 1.8rem;\n        margin: 40px 0 20px;\n        padding-bottom: 10px;\n        border-bottom: 3px solid var(--tlo-accent);\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide h3 {\n        color: var(--tlo-primary);\n        font-size: 1.4rem;\n        margin: 30px 0 15px;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide h4 {\n        color: var(--tlo-dark);\n        font-size: 1.1rem;\n        margin: 20px 0 10px;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .highlight-box {\n        background: #ebf8ff;\n        border-left: 4px solid var(--tlo-primary);\n        padding: 20px;\n        margin: 25px 0;\n        border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .warning-box {\n        background: #fff5f5;\n        border-left: 4px solid var(--tlo-secondary);\n        padding: 20px;\n        margin: 25px 0;\n        border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .success-box {\n        background: #f0fff4;\n        border-left: 4px solid #38a169;\n        padding: 20px;\n        margin: 25px 0;\n        border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .story-box {\n        background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fef9e7 0%, #fcf3cf 100%);\n        border-left: 4px solid var(--tlo-accent);\n        padding: 25px;\n        margin: 25px 0;\n        border-radius: 0 12px 12px 0;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide table {\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: collapse;\n        margin: 25px 0;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 15px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        overflow: hidden;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide th {\n        background: var(--tlo-primary);\n        color: white;\n        padding: 15px;\n        text-align: left;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide td {\n        padding: 12px 15px;\n        border-bottom: 1px solid #e2e8f0;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .toc {\n        background: white;\n        padding: 25px;\n        border-radius: 8px;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);\n        margin: 30px 0;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .quick-summary {\n        background: linear-gradient(135deg, #fff5f5 0%, #fed7d7 100%);\n        border-left: 4px solid var(--tlo-secondary);\n        margin-bottom: 30px;\n        padding: 25px;\n        border-radius: 0 8px 8px 0;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .quick-summary-grid, \n    #tlo-criminal-guide .offense-grid,\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .contact-grid {\n        display: grid;\n        grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));\n        gap: 20px;\n        margin-top: 15px;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .timeline {\n        position: relative;\n        padding-left: 40px;\n        margin: 30px 0;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .timeline::before {\n        content: '';\n        position: absolute;\n        left: 15px;\n        top: 0;\n        bottom: 0;\n        width: 3px;\n        background: linear-gradient(to bottom, var(--tlo-primary), var(--tlo-accent));\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .timeline-item {\n        position: relative;\n        margin-bottom: 30px;\n        padding-left: 20px;\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .timeline-item::before {\n        content: '';\n        position: absolute;\n        left: -31px;\n        top: 5px;\n        width: 16px;\n        height: 16px;\n        background: var(--tlo-primary);\n        border-radius: 50%;\n        border: 3px solid white;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 5px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);\n    }\n    #tlo-criminal-guide .cta-button {\n        display: inline-block;\n        background: var(--tlo-accent);\n        color: var(--tlo-dark);\n        padding: 12px 30px;\n        border-radius: 5px;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        font-weight: 600;\n        margin-top: 15px;\n    }\n<\/style>\n<div id=\"tlo-criminal-guide\">\n <div class=\"quick-summary\">\n <h3>\u26a0\ufe0f Quick Summary: What You Need to Know<\/h3>\n <div class=\"quick-summary-grid\">\n <div>\n <strong style=\"color: var(--tlo-secondary);\">If Arrested:<\/strong>\n <ul style=\"margin: 8px 0 0 20px;\">\n <li><strong>Stay calm<\/strong>, don&#8217;t resist<\/li>\n <li><strong>Stay silent<\/strong>, request a lawyer<\/li>\n <li><strong>Contact embassy<\/strong> immediately<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div>\n <strong style=\"color: var(--tlo-secondary);\">Detention Limits:<\/strong>\n <ul style=\"margin: 8px 0 0 20px;\">\n <li><strong>48 hours<\/strong>, initial detention<\/li>\n <li><strong>84 days<\/strong>, maximum remand before the case is filed in court, for offences carrying 10 years or more (48 days for more than six months but under ten years; one order of up to 7 days for six months or less)<\/li>\n <li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/bail\/\">Bail<\/a><\/strong>, available for most offenses<\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"toc\">\n <h3>Table of Contents<\/h3>\n <ul>\n <li><a href=\"#overview\">1. Overview: Criminal Law in Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#criminal-code\">2. The Thai Criminal Code Explained<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#arrested\">3. What to Do If You&#8217;re Arrested<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#detention\">4. Detention &#038; Investigation Timeline<\/a><\/li>\n <li><a href=\"#bail\">5. Bail in Thailand: How It Works<\/a><\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n \n\n\n<section class=\"tlo-gg\">\n<h2 class=\"tlo-gg__h\">More criminal law guides<\/h2>\n<div class=\"tlo-gg__grid\">\n<div class=\"tlo-gg__col\"><h3>Drugs and cannabis<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-drug-laws-penalties\/\">Thai drug laws and penalties<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/drug-laws-in-thailand-criminal-defense-lawyer\/\">drug defence lawyer page<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/is-marijuana-legal-in-thailand-cannabis-laws\/\">is marijuana legal in Thailand<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"tlo-gg__col\"><h3>Going to court<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\/\">what to know before you go to court in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-trial-procedures-in-thailand\/\">criminal trial procedures in Thailand<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"tlo-gg__col\"><h3>Accidents and civil disputes<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legal-advice-after-an-accident-in-thailand\/\">legal advice after an accident in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/alternative-dispute-resolution-in-thailand\/\">alternative dispute resolution in Thailand<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"tlo-gg__col\"><h3>Other offences<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/defamation-laws-in-thailand-criminal-charges\/\">defamation laws in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fraud-and-scam-laws-in-thailand\/\">fraud and scam laws in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/abortion-law-in-thailand\/\">abortion law in Thailand<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<div class=\"tlo-gg__col\"><h3>The statutes<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/\">Thai Penal Code<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/\">Criminal Procedure Code<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<section id=\"overview\">\n <h2>1. Overview: Criminal Law in Thailand<\/h2>\n <p>If you&#8217;re a foreigner living in, working in, or visiting Thailand, understanding the basics of Thai criminal law isn&#8217;t just academic, it could save you from a life-altering mistake.<\/p>\n <div class=\"story-box\">\n <div class=\"story-title\">Why This Matters for Foreigners<\/div>\n <p>Every year, we see foreigners face serious legal trouble in Thailand, not because they&#8217;re criminals, but because they didn&#8217;t understand local laws. Ignorance is not a defense.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n <section id=\"criminal-code\">\n <h2>2. The Thai Criminal Code Explained<\/h2>\n <p>The <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/\">Thai Criminal Code<\/a><\/strong> is the main source of criminal law.<\/p>\n <table>\n <thead>\n <tr>\n <th>Book<\/th>\n <th>Sections<\/th>\n <th>Content<\/th>\n <\/tr>\n <\/thead>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>Book 1<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>1-106<\/td>\n <td>General Provisions &#038; Penalties<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td><strong>Book 2<\/strong><\/td>\n <td>107-366<\/td>\n <td>Specific Offenses<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/section>\n <section id=\"arrested\">\n <h2>3. What to Do If You&#8217;re Arrested<\/h2>\n <div class=\"warning-box\">\n <strong>\ud83d\udea8 Immediate Actions:<\/strong>\n <ol style=\"margin-top: 15px;\">\n <li><strong>Stay calm<\/strong>, Don&#8217;t resist<\/li>\n <li><strong>Silence<\/strong>, Do not make statements without legal counsel<\/li>\n <li><strong>Embassy<\/strong>, Request notification immediately<\/li>\n <li><strong>Do not sign<\/strong>, Never sign documents you don&#8217;t understand<\/li>\n <\/ol>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n <section id=\"detention\">\n <h2>4. Detention Timeline<\/h2>\n <div class=\"timeline\">\n <div class=\"timeline-item\">\n <span style=\"background:#ebf8ff; padding: 4px 8px; border-radius:4px;\">0-48 Hours<\/span>\n <h4>Police Detention<\/h4>\n <p>Police can hold you for 48 hours for questioning before court.<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"timeline-item\">\n <span style=\"background:#ebf8ff; padding: 4px 8px; border-radius:4px;\">Day 3 to Day 84<\/span>\n <h4>Investigation &#038; Remand<\/h4>\n <p>The court can order remand in periods of up to 12 days: up to 84 days in total for offences carrying 10 years or more, 48 days for offences carrying more than six months, and a single 7-day order for minor offences (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-87\/\">Criminal Procedure Code section 87<\/a>).<\/p>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/section>\n <section id=\"bail\">\n <h2>5. Bail in Thailand<\/h2>\n <p>Bail is available for most offenses. Contact a lawyer immediately if you need bail assistance.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n<\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cf3d145 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"cf3d145\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-000714f e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"000714f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80bc709 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"80bc709\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"800\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/criminal-law-thailand.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-28886 tlo-responsive-img\" alt=\"Law books and gavel on a criminal lawyer's desk\" \/> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beb3e2e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"beb3e2e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c75a575 elementor-widget__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c75a575\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Understanding Thailand\u2019s criminal law landscape is essential for foreigners.<\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c07140d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c07140d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <p>Welcome to your essential resource for understanding criminal law knowledge in Thailand. Dealing with legal issues in a foreign country can be tough. This is especially true if you don\u2019t understand local laws and procedures. At ThaiLawOnline, we want to give clear and practical advice on common criminal law topics. This information is for expatriates and visitors in Thailand.<\/p>\n<p>Below, you will find sections with links to articles about different parts of criminal law. These cover everything from arrest procedures to post-conviction remedies. Bookmark this page for easy access. We update the content regularly to reflect changes in Thai law and legal practice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>If you are looking for a Thai lawyer to help you, ThaiLawOnline has experienced bilingual lawyers at reasonable rate. Contact us now.<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e89025 elementor-align-left elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7e89025\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/online-consultation-with-a-thai-lawyer\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">BOOK A CONSULTATION<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5b599c6 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"5b599c6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b75745 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b75745\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1977fea e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1977fea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-55fd3a9 elementor-position-left elementor-vertical-align-middle elementor-widget elementor-widget-image-box\" data-id=\"55fd3a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-image-box-wrapper\"><figure class=\"elementor-image-box-img\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreigner-arrested-in-thailand\/\" tabindex=\"-1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"205\" height=\"185\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/immediate-steps-after-an-arrest\u200b.jpg\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-26803 tlo-responsive-img\" alt=\"Handcuffs symbolizing criminal law in Thailand\" \/><\/a><\/figure><div class=\"elementor-image-box-content\"><h2 class=\"elementor-image-box-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreigner-arrested-in-thailand\/\">Immediate Steps After an Arrest<\/a><\/h2><p class=\"elementor-image-box-description\">Your first 48 hours, what to say, and what not to sign. Ask for a lawyer and a translator. You can wait to sign until everything is explained. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-13\/\">Section 13 of the Criminal Procedure Code<\/a> requires an interpreter when you do not understand Thai. Criminal Law in Thailand is complex.\n<\/p><\/div><\/div> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-80a27d9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"80a27d9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-22c37de elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"22c37de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreigner-arrested-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Arrested in Thailand: Your Essential Rights and First Steps as a Foreigner<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb0e62b elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"fb0e62b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/bail-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Bail in Thailand: Who qualifies for bail, common conditions for foreigners, documents you need, and what judges look at in practice.<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f42fd2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4f42fd2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/pre-trial-detention-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Pre-Trial Detention in Thailand: Rights, Procedures, and Release Options<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e87f67 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"6e87f67\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9efb5ba e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"9efb5ba\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2e7a31b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2e7a31b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Common Criminal \n<span style=\"color:#16163f;font-size:100%\">Charges for Foreigners<\/span> <\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0c62b6b elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0c62b6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <p>Thai law does not use the American split between misdemeanors and felonies. The Penal Code sets a single scale of penalties, from a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fine\/\">fine<\/a> up to the death penalty, and separates out a category of petty offences (\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29) in Book 3 of the Code. Petty offences are the least serious, punishable by imprisonment of not more than one month, a fine of not more than 10,000 baht, or both. Everything else is a general criminal offence graded by the penalty the section carries, up to imprisonment, a heavy fine, or in the gravest cases the death penalty. Most offenses are defined in the Criminal Code of Thailand. However, there are other specific laws that support Criminal Law in Thailand.<\/p>\n<p>We provide detailed information focusing on charges that may arise. Detailed insights on frequent criminal charges, part of criminal law in Thailand:<\/p> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e30f9ea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e30f9ea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b7f548 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"8b7f548\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e3eeb9b elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"e3eeb9b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-wine-bottle\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M507.31 72.57L439.43 4.69c-6.25-6.25-16.38-6.25-22.63 0l-22.63 22.63c-6.25 6.25-6.25 16.38 0 22.63l-76.67 76.67c-46.58-19.7-102.4-10.73-140.37 27.23L18.75 312.23c-24.99 24.99-24.99 65.52 0 90.51l90.51 90.51c24.99 24.99 65.52 24.99 90.51 0l158.39-158.39c37.96-37.96 46.93-93.79 27.23-140.37l76.67-76.67c6.25 6.25 16.38 6.25 22.63 0l22.63-22.63c6.24-6.24 6.24-16.37-.01-22.62zM179.22 423.29l-90.51-90.51 122.04-122.04 90.51 90.51-122.04 122.04z\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <span >\n Drug and Alcohol Offenses <\/span>\n <\/h3>\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n What counts as possession, sale, or trafficking, and why penalties are much harsher than many countries. <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-59f553e elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"59f553e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/drug-laws-in-thailand-criminal-defense-lawyer\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Drug Laws in Thailand: Penalties, Defenses, and Legal Representation<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b31b77 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"7b31b77\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/dui-laws-and-penalties-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Drunk Driving in Thailand: Penalties and License Consequences<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f47b39 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"4f47b39\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/mandatory-drug-testing-laws-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Drug Testing and Mandatory Testing Laws for Foreigners<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bed0dcd elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"bed0dcd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/is-marijuana-legal-in-thailand-cannabis-laws\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">History of Cannabis Law in Thailand (until June 2025)<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a287cc0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a287cc0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/is-marijuana-legal-in-thailand-cannabis-laws\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Narcotic Law Reform (dated from 2024 and the law has changed)<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47637e6 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47637e6\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-030cbd0 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"030cbd0\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-speakers\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <span >\n Personal Conduct and Speech <\/span>\n <\/h3>\n \n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-529ec6b elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"529ec6b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/defamation-laws-in-thailand-criminal-charges\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Defamation Laws in Thailand: Criminal Risks for Social Media Posts<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ec8872 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"1ec8872\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/documents\/Free%20Guide%20with%2010%20tips%20to%20Avoid%20Defamation%20in%20Thailand%20by%20ThaiLawOnline.pdf\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Free Guide with 10 tips to Avoid Defamation in Thailand<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c331081 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c331081\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n \n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">L\u00e8se-Majest\u00e9 in Thailand: How criminal defamation works in Thailand, online risks, and why Section 112 needs special care.<\/span>\n <\/span>\n \n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5d87773 elementor-align-left elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"5d87773\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n \n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Assault and Fighting in Thailand: Criminal Penalties and Immigration Consequences<\/span>\n <\/span>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-66d1eea e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"66d1eea\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f92e925 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"f92e925\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9afa940 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"9afa940\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/prostitution-laws-in-thailand\/\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Crimes against Persons\">\n <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-user-astronaut\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M64 224h13.5c24.7 56.5 80.9 96 146.5 96s121.8-39.5 146.5-96H384c8.8 0 16-7.2 16-16v-96c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16h-13.5C345.8 39.5 289.6 0 224 0S102.2 39.5 77.5 96H64c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v96c0 8.8 7.2 16 16 16zm40-88c0-22.1 21.5-40 48-40h144c26.5 0 48 17.9 48 40v24c0 53-43 96-96 96h-48c-53 0-96-43-96-96v-24zm72 72l12-36 36-12-36-12-12-36-12 36-36 12 36 12 12 36zm151.6 113.4C297.7 340.7 262.2 352 224 352s-73.7-11.3-103.6-30.6C52.9 328.5 0 385 0 454.4v9.6c0 26.5 21.5 48 48 48h80v-64c0-17.7 14.3-32 32-32h128c17.7 0 32 14.3 32 32v64h80c26.5 0 48-21.5 48-48v-9.6c0-69.4-52.9-125.9-120.4-133zM272 448c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16s7.2 16 16 16 16-7.2 16-16-7.2-16-16-16zm-96 0c-8.8 0-16 7.2-16 16v48h32v-48c0-8.8-7.2-16-16-16z\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/a>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/prostitution-laws-in-thailand\/\">\n Crimes against Persons <\/a>\n <\/h3>\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n Prostitution in Thailand is technically illegal. This is due to the Prostitution Prevention and Suppression Act of 1996. Soliciting in public is punished under section 5 of that Act, since 26 October 2023 by a civil penalty of up to 1,000 baht rather than a criminal fine. Penal Code sections 282 and 283 are a different thing: they punish procuring, seducing or taking away another person for an indecent purpose, with heavier penalties where that person is eighteen or under and heavier still where that person is fifteen or under, and section 283 where deceit, threats, violence or coercion are used. <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb2e7d1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"eb2e7d1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/murder-and-homicide-law-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Murder and Homicides in Thailand<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f6bbc10 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"f6bbc10\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/sexual-crimes-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Sexual Crimes in Thailand<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-92ee551 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"92ee551\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/age-of-consent-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Age of Consent in Thailand<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bde6596 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"bde6596\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/prostitution-laws-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Prostitution in Thailand<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-512c2a9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"512c2a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/homicide-rate-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Homicide Rate in Thailand<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5120d23 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5120d23\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0e6c1b6 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"0e6c1b6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-building\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <span >\n Property and Financial Crimes <\/span>\n <\/h3>\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n Property and financial crimes in Thailand cover a wide range of situations that often involve foreigners. Cases include <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fraud\/\">fraud<\/a> in property transactions, forged title deeds, embezzlement, and breaches of trust. Expatriates also face risks linked to investment scams, online fraud, or dishonest business partners. <br><br>Thai courts treat these offenses seriously, with penalties that may include imprisonment, fines, or both. Because property law and financial regulations in Thailand differ from many other countries, it is important to work with Thai lawyers who speak English and who are familiar with protecting foreign clients from such crimes, whether as victims seeking redress or defendants needing a strong defense. <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a449e81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a449e81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/theft-and-robbery-under-thai-law\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Theft and Robbery under Thai Law: Criminal Penalties and Defenses<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a741de1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"a741de1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/fraud-and-scam-laws-in-thailand\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Fraud and Scam Laws in Thailand: Criminal Charges and Remedies<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c80c0d9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c80c0d9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/white-collar-crimes-in-thailand\/#money-laundering-under-thai-law\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-right-arrow\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">Money Laundering in Thailand: Criminal Charges and Asset Seizures<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fe18db4 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fe18db4\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4e6e9b0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4e6e9b0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2b99213 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"2b99213\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-far-building\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M128 148v-40c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v40c0 6.6-5.4 12-12 12h-40c-6.6 0-12-5.4-12-12zm140 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12zm-128 96h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12zm128 0h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12zm-76 84v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12zm76 12h40c6.6 0 12-5.4 12-12v-40c0-6.6-5.4-12-12-12h-40c-6.6 0-12 5.4-12 12v40c0 6.6 5.4 12 12 12zm180 124v36H0v-36c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h19.5V24c0-13.3 10.7-24 24-24h337c13.3 0 24 10.7 24 24v440H436c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12zM79.5 463H192v-67c0-6.6 5.4-12 12-12h40c6.6 0 12 5.4 12 12v67h112.5V49L80 48l-.5 415z\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <span >\n Business and Employment-Related Offenses <\/span>\n <\/h3>\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n Business and employment offenses in Thailand usually involve violations of company law, labor regulations, or anti-corruption rules. Common issues include:\n\u2022 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/director\/\">Directors<\/a> not fulfilling their responsibilities.\n\u2022 Misusing company assets.\n\u2022 Committing accounting fraud.\n\u2022 Ignoring rules from the Department of Business Development. <br><br>On the employment side, disputes often relate to wrongful termination, unfair labor practices, unpaid wages, or breaches of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/work-permit\/\">work permit<\/a> conditions for foreign staff. <br>Both employers and employees risk penalties if they do not respect the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/labour-protection-act\/\">Labor Protection Act<\/a> and immigration rules. Thai authorities take these matters seriously, and companies found guilty of corporate or employment offenses face heavy fines, criminal charges for directors, and possible loss of business licenses.\n\nStay compliant and avoid criminal liability in your business activities:\n\n <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-022fcde elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"022fcde\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-work-permit-penalties-in-thailand\/\">Work Permit Violations: Penalties and Deportation Risks<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/recent-crackdowns-on-nominees-in-thailand-the-law-and-court-cases\/\">Recent Information in Thailand Nominees Crackdown in 2025<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/nominee\/\">Nominee<\/a> Companies and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/foreign-business-act\/\">Foreign Business Act<\/a> Violations<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/corporate-criminal-liability-in-thailand\/\">Corporate Criminal Liability<\/a>: Risks for Directors<\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/tax-evasion-and-money-laundering-in-thailand\/\">Tax Evasion and Money Laundering Implications<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/white-collar-crimes-in-thailand\/\">White-Collar Crimes: Embezzlement, Fraud, and Corruption<\/a><\/li>\n\n<li>Cybercrime Laws: Online Fraud, Hacking, and Data Protection<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2f0626 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"c2f0626\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf382f elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1cf382f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-balance1\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <span >\n Navigating the Thai Court System <\/span>\n <\/h3>\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n Unlike in western countries, there is no jury system in Thailand. The legal process is usually faster. It is rare to see a lawyer object to evidence. I have seen many trials, and I have never seen an objection. Hearsay is inadmissible as a rule, but the court may admit it where it appears reliable, or where the direct witness cannot be brought and justice requires it (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-226-3\/\">Criminal Procedure Code section 226\/3<\/a>). <br><br>Cross-examinations are brief, and trials are conducted swiftly. Do not expect criminal law in Thailand to be similar than western countries.\n\nPrepare yourself with essential knowledge about court proceedings: <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6e6c9af elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6e6c9af\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<!-- \/wp:post-content -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/\">Criminal Procedure Code in Thailand:<\/a> \u00a0<span>This covers the steps of a Thai criminal case. It includes arrest, appeal, timelines, and important articles to know.<\/span><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/police-interview-in-thailand\/\">Police Interview<\/a>: How Thai police collect statements, the role of translators, and how to protect your rights during questioning.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-trial-procedures-in-thailand\/\">Criminal Trial Procedures<\/a>: What to Expect in Thai Courts<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-processes-in-thailand-appeal\/\">Criminal Appeals: Supreme Court Processes<\/a><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Evidence Laws: What Can Be Used Against You<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Common Criminal Defenses: Self-Defense, Necessity, Duress<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/military-courts-in-thailand\/\">Military Courts in Thailand<\/a> : When military jurisdiction applies, how it differs from civilian courts, and what that means for your defense.<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/ul><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5411f66 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"5411f66\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-40bc189 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"40bc189\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e2006de elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"e2006de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fas-plane-departure\" viewBox=\"0 0 640 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M624 448H16c-8.84 0-16 7.16-16 16v32c0 8.84 7.16 16 16 16h608c8.84 0 16-7.16 16-16v-32c0-8.84-7.16-16-16-16zM80.55 341.27c6.28 6.84 15.1 10.72 24.33 10.71l130.54-.18a65.62 65.62 0 0 0 29.64-7.12l290.96-147.65c26.74-13.57 50.71-32.94 67.02-58.31 18.31-28.48 20.3-49.09 13.07-63.65-7.21-14.57-24.74-25.27-58.25-27.45-29.85-1.94-59.54 5.92-86.28 19.48l-98.51 49.99-218.7-82.06a17.799 17.799 0 0 0-18-1.11L90.62 67.29c-10.67 5.41-13.25 19.65-5.17 28.53l156.22 98.1-103.21 52.38-72.35-36.47a17.804 17.804 0 0 0-16.07.02L9.91 230.22c-10.44 5.3-13.19 19.12-5.57 28.08l76.21 82.97z\"><\/path><\/svg> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <span >\n Immigration and Border Control Issues <\/span>\n <\/h3>\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n Borders and immigration issues often intersect with criminal law in Thailand. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/overstay\/\">Overstaying<\/a> a visa, working without a valid permit, or entering the country illegally can lead to arrest, fines, detention, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/deportation\/\">deportation<\/a>. In more serious cases, such as smuggling, human trafficking, or using false travel documents, penalties include long prison terms. <br><br>Foreigners facing immigration-related criminal charges need representation from Thai lawyers who understand both criminal procedure and immigration law to protect their rights and limit long-term consequences.\n\nKey immigration-related criminal topics:\n\n\n <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9192ced elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"9192ced\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-visa-overstay-criminal-blacklists\/\">Thailand Visa Overstay: Criminal Charges and Solutions<\/a><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Criminal Deportation from Thailand: Process and Appeals<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/human-trafficking-under-thai-law\/\">Illegal Entry, Harboring, and Human Trafficking<\/a><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/ul><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6843065 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6843065\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ad6f80 elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"1ad6f80\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-thumbs-up\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <span >\n Post-Conviction Processes <\/span>\n <\/h3>\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n Once the trial concludes, and if the defendant is found guilty, the court will proceed with sentencing. The defendant may appeal within one month from the day the judgment is read (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-198\/\">Criminal Procedure Code section 198<\/a>). The Court of Appeal decides mainly on the file and the written appeal, and it can hear further witnesses itself or order the trial court to do so (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/section-208\/\">Criminal Procedure Code section 208<\/a>). Appeals can be lengthy, spanning several years, and during this period, a defendant may request bail. Furthermore, there is a possibility of a second appeal at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a>. \n\n\n <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-834659f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"834659f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/pardons-in-thailand\/\">Appeals, Pardons, and Rehabilitation<\/a><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Probation Programs in Thailand<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li>Royal Pardons and Clemency<\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/extradition-from-thailand-legal-process-and-law\/\">Extradition from Thailand: Rights and Representation<\/a><\/li>\n<!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/ul><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e66aee0 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e66aee0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-aa3e2e0 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"aa3e2e0\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fc462fc elementor-view-default elementor-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"fc462fc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-photo-camera\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <h3 class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <span >\n Staying Safe and Compliant <\/span>\n <\/h3>\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n Preventive measures and practical advice:\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e1c3c8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8e1c3c8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:list-item -->\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-records-checks-in-thailand\/\">Criminal Record Checks<\/a>: Implications for Visas and Employment<\/li>\n<li>Risk Awareness: Social Media, Drugs, and Public Behavior<\/li>\n<li>Legal Compliance Checklist for Expats<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/police-clearance-certificate-thailand\/\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\">Police Clearance Certificate in Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/p><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a67ff52 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a67ff52\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7242849 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"7242849\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recent Development and Cybercrimes <br>\u2022 Soon<\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-70c160f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"70c160f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <p>Online fraud, hacking, and posts that create legal risk, with real steps to lower your exposure.<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/div><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/div><br><\/div><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><br><\/div><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-af49cf9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"af49cf9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9fde70f e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"9fde70f\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2d10cd9 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"2d10cd9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d658127 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d658127\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Key Differences <span style=\"color:#fff;font-size:100%\"> for Foreigners<\/span><\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ba2b96a elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ba2b96a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <ul>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/division\/b1-title-1-general-principles\/\"><strong data-start=\"4800\" data-end=\"4814\">No juries:<\/strong><\/a> criminal cases are judge-led.<\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"4887\" data-end=\"4900\">48 hours:<\/strong> police can<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-criminal-procedure-code\/division\/b1-t5-ch-1-arrest-detention-imprisonment\/\"> hold you up to 48 hours before court.<\/a> Further detention requires court orders, issued in blocks, with maximums based on the charge.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/bail-in-thailand\/\"><strong data-start=\"5086\" data-end=\"5095\">Bail:<\/strong> possible, but not automatic for foreigners.<\/a> Risk of flight and local guarantees matter.<\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"5226\" data-end=\"5242\">Interpreter:<\/strong> you have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legal-interpreters-in-thai-courtrooms\/\">right to an interpreter<\/a> under <strong data-start=\"5284\" data-end=\"5296\">Criminal Procedure Code s.13<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Consular contact:<\/strong> Thailand follows the <strong>Vienna Convention on Consular Relations<\/strong>. You can ask the police to notify your embassy under Article 36.<\/li>\n<\/ul> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-47d363e e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"47d363e\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-9eb1760 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"9eb1760\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recommendations \n <span style=\"color:#fff;font-size:100%\">for Foreign Visitors<\/span><\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5765fcb elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5765fcb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <p><span>Familiarize yourself with basic Thai laws, especially concerning drugs, alcohol consumption, and prohibited activities.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Thai law requires you to show identification when asked. Carry a clear copy of your passport bio page and entry stamp. Police may still ask for the original, and you could be detained until it is produced.<\/p>\n<p>You can backstop this practical advice with official travel guidance.<br \/><span>Be respectful of Thai culture and traditions.<\/span><br \/><span>Avoid arguments and confrontations with locals.<\/span><br \/><span>If arrested, remain calm, politely request a lawyer, and do not sign any documents you don&#8217;t understand. Foreigners should always ask for a translator and contact their embassy. Thai law allows you to request an interpreter and have your embassy informed if you are arrested. Always make sure you understand any document completely. You have the right to wait to sign. A qualified interpreter or lawyer can explain it to you.\u00a0<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.icj.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/12\/Thailand-Criminal-Procedure-Code-1934-2008-eng.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">The interpreter right is in section 13 of the Criminal Procedure Code; embassy notification comes from the Vienna Convention, below.<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Thailand acceded to the\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/legal.un.org\/ilc\/texts\/instruments\/english\/conventions\/9_2_1963.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Vienna Convention on Consular Relations<\/a>\u00a0on April 15, 1999. Article 36 requires the option to have the embassy\/consulate notified and to communicate with consular officers.<\/p>\n<p><span>Knowing the basics of criminal law in Thailand can help foreign visitors stay safe and avoid legal issues. Remember, it&#8217;s always best to consult with a qualified lawyer if you have any questions or concerns.<\/span><\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-115a332 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"115a332\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2b4612 elementor-align-center elementor-mobile-align-center elementor-widget elementor-widget-button\" data-id=\"c2b4612\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"button.default\">\n <a class=\"elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/online-consultation-with-a-thai-lawyer\/\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-content-wrapper\">\n <span class=\"elementor-button-text\">BOOK A CONSULTATION<\/span>\n <\/span>\n <\/a>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9e2551 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"d9e2551\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b6601fc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b6601fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95cf3bf elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"95cf3bf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">FAQs\n<span style=\"color:#16163f;font-size:50%\"><\/span> <\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87df594 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"87df594\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n <p>Clear guides on arrests, bail in Thailand, court procedure, appeals, and rights.<\/p> <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b4f5340 elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-n-accordion\" data-id=\"b4f5340\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;default_state&quot;:&quot;expanded&quot;&quot;max_items_expended&quot;:&quot;one&quot;&quot;n_accordion_animation_duration&quot;:{&quot;unit&quot;:&quot;ms&quot;&quot;size&quot;:400,&quot;sizes&quot;:[]}}\" data-widget_type=\"nested-accordion.default\">\n <div class=\"e-n-accordion\" aria-label=\"Accordion. Open links with Enter or Space, close with Escape, and navigate with Arrow Keys\">\n <details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1890\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" open>\n <summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"1\" tabindex=\"0\" aria-expanded=\"true\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1890\" >\n <span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Can I get bail in Thailand as a foreigner <\/div><\/span>\n <span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n <span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i><\/span>\n <span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i><\/span>\n <\/span>\n\n <\/summary>\n <div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1890\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cdf9998 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"cdf9998\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3e849e5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3e849e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n Yes, if the court is satisfied about your ties, address, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/suretyship\/\">guarantor<\/a>, and documents. Severe charges and flight risk reduce the chance. A strong bail package helps. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n <details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1891\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n <summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"2\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1891\" >\n <span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> How long can police detain me before court <\/div><\/span>\n <span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n <span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i><\/span>\n <span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i><\/span>\n <\/span>\n\n <\/summary>\n <div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1891\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4970466 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4970466\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-917ab0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"917ab0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n Up to 48 hours before you are brought to court. Further detention needs a court order. Ask for a lawyer and a translator early. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n <details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1892\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n <summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"3\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1892\" >\n <span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> Do Thai courts use juries <\/div><\/span>\n <span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n <span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i><\/span>\n <span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i><\/span>\n <\/span>\n\n <\/summary>\n <div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1892\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-240bedb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"240bedb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bf4539 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7bf4539\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n No. Judges hear evidence and decide the verdict. Trials are judge-led and rely heavily on written materials and witness statements. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n <details id=\"e-n-accordion-item-1893\" class=\"e-n-accordion-item\" >\n <summary class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title\" data-accordion-index=\"4\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-expanded=\"false\" aria-controls=\"e-n-accordion-item-1893\" >\n <span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-header'><div class=\"e-n-accordion-item-title-text\"> What if I already signed a statement <\/div><\/span>\n <span class='e-n-accordion-item-title-icon'>\n <span class='e-opened' ><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-up-arrow1\"><\/i><\/span>\n <span class='e-closed'><i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-down-arrow1\"><\/i><\/span>\n <\/span>\n\n <\/summary>\n <div role=\"region\" aria-labelledby=\"e-n-accordion-item-1893\" class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-776ebfb e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"776ebfb\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ac85bed elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ac85bed\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n Tell your lawyer immediately. You may add a correction or a new statement, but it is harder after signing something you did not understand. <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/details>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eace221 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"eace221\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n <div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1b3271c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"1b3271c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb0b661 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb0b661\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n <h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">How ThaiLawOnline\n\n <span style=\"color:#D3B574;font-size:100%\"> Can Help<\/span><\/h2> <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-46cf294 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"46cf294\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n ThaiLawOnline\u2019s criminal defense team includes experienced Thai barristers and lawyers fluent in English, Thai, and French. We can assist you with: <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-76d0d1a elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"76d0d1a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n <ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n <li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-pointer-right\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Immediate legal advice and emergency bail assistance<\/span>\n <\/li>\n <li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-pointer-right\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Comprehensive representation in courts nationwide<\/span>\n <\/li>\n <li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-pointer-right\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Expert strategies tailored to your specific case<\/span>\n <\/li>\n <li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-pointer-right\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Guidance on immigration-related consequences and criminal record clearance<\/span>\n <\/li>\n <\/ul>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98e9e68 elementor-view-stacked elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-inline-start elementor-shape-circle elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"98e9e68\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-phone\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <span >\n Get In Touch <\/span>\n <\/span>\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n For urgent legal help or questions, please reach out to us. You can use our confidential consultation form or call our office. <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5018208 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-mobile-position-inline-start elementor-view-default elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"5018208\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moj.go.th\/index.php\" class=\"elementor-icon\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-label=\"Ministry of Justice in Thailand\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-paper-plane\"><\/i> <\/a>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n <span class=\"elementor-icon-box-title\">\n <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moj.go.th\/index.php\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\n Ministry of Justice in Thailand <\/a>\n <\/span>\n \n \n 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Need urgent help today: call us or message us on Line. We work across Thailand and can speak with police or court officials for you. If you are already at a station, tell the officer you want a lawyer and show our contact. WhatsApp is connected to an AI answering system. Use other ways to communicate directly with us. <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aaf125 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"0aaf125\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-envelope1\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n info@thailawonline.com<br> <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-296cb09 elementor-position-inline-start elementor-widget__width-initial elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-view-default elementor-mobile-position-block-start elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-box\" data-id=\"296cb09\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-box.default\">\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-wrapper\">\n\n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-icon\">\n <span class=\"elementor-icon\">\n <i aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"icon icon-phone\"><\/i> <\/span>\n <\/div>\n \n <div class=\"elementor-icon-box-content\">\n\n \n <p class=\"elementor-icon-box-description\">\n +66 (0) 8 7225 1340 (Eng\/Fran\u00e7ais) <\/p>\n \n <\/div>\n \n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n <\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><\/div><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"our-fees\">How criminal work is priced<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:shortcode -->\n<div class=\"tlo-trust-fees\">\n            \n            <div class=\"tlo-trust-fees__scroll\">\n                <table class=\"tlo-trust-fees__table\">\n                    <thead>\n                        <tr>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/th>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22<\/th>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/th>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32<\/th>\n                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/thead>\n                    <tbody>\n                                            <tr>\n                            <th scope=\"row\" class=\"tlo-trust-fees__name\">\n                                Criminal defence                            <\/th>\n                            <td class=\"tlo-trust-fees__price is-quote\">\n                                \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32                                                            <\/td>\n                            <td>Defence of charges, criminal complaints, bail and related proceedings. Each matter is fact-specific and quoted after an initial consultation.<\/td>\n                            <td>Varies by case and court schedule<\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                                        <\/tbody>\n                <\/table>\n            <\/div>\n\n                            <p class=\"tlo-trust-fees__note\"> Government disbursements are charged at cost unless the service says they are included.                <\/p>\n            \n                            <p class=\"tlo-trust-fees__cta\">\n                    <a class=\"tlo-trust-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/book-consultation\/\">\n                        \u0e08\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32                    <\/a>\n                    <span class=\"tlo-trust-badge tlo-trust-badge--response\"><span class=\"tlo-trust-badge__tick\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9679;<\/span> Answer within 24 to 48 hours <span class=\"tlo-trust-badge__langs\">EN \u00b7 FR \u00b7 TH<\/span><\/span>                <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:shortcode -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>These fees come from one source and are the same everywhere on this site. See <a href=\"\/pricing\/\">all our fees<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading {\"level\":3} -->\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">If you need a lawyer now<\/h3>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p>Criminal matters are time-sensitive: bail is decided early, and what is said in the first police interview is hard to undo. Bail applications and criminal defence are quoted individually: the range between a first-instance traffic matter and a serious charge is too wide for a fixed fee to be honest. A consultation is 2,000 THB per hour and you get a written estimate before any work begins. To speak to someone, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/book-consultation\/\">book a consultation<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:heading -->\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n<!-- \/wp:heading -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"faq-item\"><h3>What should I do if I am arrested in Thailand?<\/h3><p>Stay calm, avoid signing documents you do not understand, and ask for a lawyer and your embassy. Try not to give statements until your lawyer is present.<\/p><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"faq-item\"><h3>Do I have the right to a lawyer in Thailand?<\/h3><p>Yes. A suspect who cannot speak or understand Thai must be given an interpreter in every case (Criminal Procedure Code section 13), and in any case carrying imprisonment the police must ask whether you have a lawyer and provide one if you want it, before taking your statement (section 134\/1).<\/p><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"faq-item\"><h3>How does bail work in Thailand?<\/h3><p>Bail can be requested at the police, prosecution or court stage and is usually secured by cash, property or a surety, with the amount set according to the seriousness of the charge.<\/p><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"faq-item\"><h3>What are the penalties for drug offences in Thailand?<\/h3><p>Penalties range from fines and rehabilitation to long prison terms depending on the type and quantity of drug, with trafficking carrying the most severe sentences.<\/p><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"faq-item\"><h3>Can a foreigner be deported after a criminal case in Thailand?<\/h3><p>Yes. A conviction, and in some cases the charge itself, can lead to deportation and blacklisting from re-entry once any sentence is served.<\/p><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<div class=\"faq-item\"><h3>How long do criminal proceedings take in Thailand?<\/h3><p>Timelines vary widely from several months to a few years, depending on the complexity of the case, court schedules and whether it is appealed.<\/p><\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:shortcode -->\n<aside class=\"tlo-trust-author\" aria-label=\"\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\">\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__person\">\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__photo\">\n                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-author__initials\" aria-hidden=\"true\">SB<\/span>                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__body\">\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/our-team\/\">S\u00e9bastien Brousseau<\/a><\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__cred\">LL.B., B.Sc.<\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__bio\">Editor of ThaiLawOnline, working in Thai law since 2006. Writes for foreign residents and investors on property, family, immigration, estate and business matters.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            \n            <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__meta\">\n                                                    <span>\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2, 2026<\/span>\n                            <\/p>\n        <\/aside>\n<a class=\"tlo-trust-badge tlo-trust-badge--vortex\" href=\"\/supreme-court-decisions\/\"><span class=\"tlo-trust-badge__tick\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#10003;<\/span> \u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 77,000 \u0e04\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25 Vortex<\/a>\n<!-- \/wp:shortcode -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<!-- \/wp:html --><!-- \/wp:html -->\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/#faq\",\n \"mainEntity\": [\n {\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\n \"name\": \"What should I do if I am arrested in Thailand?\",\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n \"text\": \"Stay calm, avoid signing documents you do not understand, and ask for a lawyer and your embassy. 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A suspect who cannot speak or understand Thai must be given an interpreter in every case (Criminal Procedure Code section 13), and in any case carrying imprisonment the police must ask whether you have a lawyer and provide one if you want it, before taking your statement (section 134\/1).\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\n \"name\": \"How does bail work in Thailand?\",\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n \"text\": \"Bail can be requested at the police, prosecution or court stage and is usually secured by cash, property or a surety, with the amount set according to the seriousness of the charge.\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\n \"name\": \"What are the penalties for drug offences in Thailand?\",\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n \"text\": \"Penalties range from fines and rehabilitation to long prison terms depending on the type and quantity of drug, with trafficking carrying the most severe sentences.\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\n \"name\": \"Can a foreigner be deported after a criminal case in Thailand?\",\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n \"text\": \"Yes. A conviction, and in some cases the charge itself, can lead to deportation and blacklisting from re-entry once any sentence is served.\"\n }\n },\n {\n \"@type\": \"Question\",\n \"name\": \"How long do criminal proceedings take in Thailand?\",\n \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n \"text\": \"Timelines vary widely from several months to a few years, depending on the complexity of the case, court schedules and whether it is appealed.\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}\n<\/script>\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:shortcode -->\n<div class=\"tlo-trust-tools\">\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-tool\">\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__title\">\n                        Expat Legal Health Check                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-tool__tier tlo-trust-tool__tier--free\">\n                            \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35                        <\/span>\n                    <\/p>\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__blurb\">Ten minutes on your property, family, visa and will. You get a written report naming the exact gaps and what each one costs to fix.<\/p>\n                                            <a class=\"tlo-trust-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/legal-health-check-for-expats\/\" data-tlo-event=\"tool_click\" data-tool=\"health-check\">\n                            Take the Legal Health Check                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n<!-- \/wp:shortcode -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p><em>Last reviewed: 6 September 2026 against the Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code in the statute library, and against the United Nations treaty register. This is a hub page, so its checkable legal claims are few and each was read at source. <strong>One correction was made.<\/strong> Penal Code sections 282 and 283 punish procuring, seducing or taking away another person for an indecent purpose, with heavier penalties where that person is eighteen or under and heavier again where that person is fifteen or under, and section 283 where deceit, threats, violence or coercion are used. Neither section mentions soliciting, which is an offence under the Prostitution Prevention and Suppression Act instead, so the two were separated. <strong>Three further claims were checked and found correct, and are recorded here so nobody re-derives them:<\/strong> Criminal Procedure Code section 13 does require an interpreter to be provided without delay where a party cannot speak or understand Thai; a petty offence under Penal Code section 102 is punishable by imprisonment of not more than one month, a fine of not more than ten thousand baht, or both, which is the figure after the general uplift of Penal Code fines and not the older one; and Thailand acceded to the Vienna Convention on Consular Relations on 15 April 1999, confirmed against the United Nations treaty register rather than a secondary source. <strong>This review did not cover<\/strong> the many pages this hub links to, whose own law is reviewed on those pages; the structured data on this page, which is the subject of a separate open question about which FAQ pattern the site should standardise on; or the descriptions of offences for which this page cites no provision. Re-checked on 6 October 2026: the soliciting sentence updated to the civil penalty that replaced the criminal fine on 26 October 2023, as recorded from the Gazette text on our prostitution law page; the statement about a further appeal to the Supreme Court was checked on 10 October 2026 against every version of the Criminal Procedure Code on the government&#8217;s central law register through Amendment No. 34 B.E. 2562: in criminal cases the further appeal (sections 216 to 221) still needs no permission, unlike civil cases since 2015, though sections 218 to 220 bar appeals on questions of fact in defined cases.<\/em><\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n\n<!-- wp:html -->\n<!-- tlo-orphanlink-2026-08-16 -->\n<!-- \/wp:html -->\n\n<!-- wp:paragraph -->\n<p class=\"tlo-hublink\">Sexual offences carry their own rules on consent, age and penalties, and are covered separately in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/sex-crimes-in-thailand\/\">sex crimes in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n<!-- \/wp:paragraph -->\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Deportation and a criminal case: the 2026 procedure The 2026 deportation regulation was published on 27 August and took effect [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":11307,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-02\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"criminal law thailand","rank_math_title":"Criminal Law in Thailand for Expats - 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