{"id":170,"date":"2025-06-09T18:17:29","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T11:17:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/franchise-business-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T17:14:47","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:14:47","slug":"franchise-business-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/franchise-business-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e41\u0e1f\u0e23\u0e19\u0e44\u0e0a\u0e2a\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e41\u0e1f\u0e23\u0e19\u0e44\u0e0a\u0e2a\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The first thing to understand about franchising in Thailand is what does not exist: there is no dedicated franchise statute. Thailand does not have a Franchise Act, and franchising is not licensed or registered as its own category. Instead it is governed by a combination of general law and one set of franchise-specific regulatory guidelines. Knowing which rules actually apply is the difference between a franchise that holds up and one that does not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"tlo-hublink wp-block-paragraph\">A franchised outlet still needs someone lawfully running it in Thailand, a Thai individual or, more often, a Thai company, which is explained in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/business-setup-in-thailand\/\">setting up a business in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-law-that-actually-applies\">The Law That Actually Applies<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-the-2019-franchise-guidelines-require\">What the Franchise Guidelines Require<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-a-thai-franchise-agreement-should-cover\">What a Thai Franchise Agreement Should Cover<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#foreign-ownership\">Foreign Ownership<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-thailawonline-can-help\">How ThaiLawOnline Can Help<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-law-that-actually-applies\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Law That Actually Applies<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a>.<\/strong> A franchise agreement is a contract, and the Code&#8217;s general rules on contracts govern its formation, performance, and termination. There is no special franchise contract type, so the drafting has to do the work.<\/li>\n<li><strong>The Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560 (2017) and the Franchise Guidelines made under it.<\/strong> This is the closest thing Thailand has to franchise regulation. <strong>Section 57<\/strong> of the Act forbids a business operator to do anything that damages another business operator by unfairly obstructing its business, by unfairly using market power or superior bargaining power, by imposing trade conditions that unfairly restrict or obstruct it, or by any other act the Commission prescribes. Acting under <strong>section 17(3)<\/strong>, the Trade Competition Commission issued Guidelines on unfair trade practices in franchising, signed 30 October 2019 and published in the Royal Gazette of 6 December 2019 (volume 136, special part 300 Ngor, page 29). Clause 1 brought them into force once sixty days from publication had elapsed, which is <strong>5 February 2020<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>And they have been amended twice since.<\/strong> <strong>No. 2<\/strong>, Gazette of 22 September 2020 (volume 137, special part 220 Ngor, page 6), and <strong>No. 3<\/strong>, Gazette of 19 August 2021 (volume 138, special part 192 Ngor, page 47), each took effect the day after publication and each replaced the same provision, <strong>clause 4<\/strong>, on opening a competing branch near an existing franchisee. Anything written about &#8220;the 2019 guidelines&#8221; that stops in 2019 is describing a clause 4 that was superseded twice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Trademark and intellectual-property law.<\/strong> The brand is the asset being franchised. A franchisor operating in Thailand should have its trademark registered here; an unregistered mark is far harder to protect and to license cleanly.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 57 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A business operator shall not do any act that results in damage to another business operator in any of the following ways: (1) unfairly obstructing the business of another business operator; (2) unfairly using superior market power or bargaining power; (3) setting trade conditions that unfairly restrict or obstruct the business of another person; (4) acting in any other manner notified by the Commission.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 17 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The Commission has the following powers and duties: (1) to advise the Minister on the issue of ministerial regulations under this Act; (2) to issue regulations or notifications for the implementation of this Act; (3) to supervise the conduct of business and prescribe guidelines so that trade competition is free and fair; (4) to consider complaints and investigate offences under this Act; (5) to consider and decide applications under section 59; (6) to lay down regulations on inquiries and investigations by the investigation subcommittee; (7) to announce the appointment of competent officials to act under this Act; (8) to pursue criminal proceedings on a complaint by an injured person under section 78; (9) to consider and determine administrative fines under sections 80, 81, 82 and 83, and to bring cases in the Administrative Court; (10) to invite any person to provide facts, explanations, advice or opinions; (11) to give opinions and recommendations to the Minister and the Council of Ministers on state policy on trade competition; (12) to advise state agencies on rules, regulations or orders that obstruct trade competition, or that cause exclusion, restrict competition or reduce trade competition, creating unfairness among business operators; (13) to set plans, strategies and guidelines for the administration of the Office; (14) to issue regulations or by-laws on the organisational structure, personnel administration, budget, finance and property, and other operations of the Office; (15) to carry out any other act that the law prescribes as a power and duty of the Commission. All regulations or notifications of general application take effect upon publication in the Government Gazette.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 82 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Any person who violates section 55, section 57 or section 58 shall pay an administrative fine at a rate not exceeding 10 percent of income in the year in which the offence was committed. Where the offence was committed in the first year of the business, the administrative fine shall be paid at a rate not exceeding 1,000,000 baht.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 60 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Where the Commission has reasonable evidence to believe that a business operator is violating or will violate section 50, section 51 paragraph two, section 54, section 55, section 57 or section 58, the Commission has power to order the business operator in writing to suspend, cease, or correct or change that act, in accordance with the rules, procedures, conditions and period for compliance set by the Commission. In issuing an order under paragraph one, the Commission may impose any conditions as necessary to achieve the purposes of this Act. A business operator notified of an order under paragraph one who disagrees with it has the right to bring a case in the Administrative Court within 60 days from the date of notification of the order.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 69 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A person who suffers damage as a result of a violation of section 50, section 51 paragraph two, section 54, section 55, section 57 or section 58 has the right to sue the violator for damages. In an action for damages under paragraph one, the Consumer Protection Board, or an association or foundation certified by the Consumer Protection Board under the law on consumer protection, has the right to sue for damages on behalf of consumers or of the members of the association or foundation, as the case may be.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 70 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If an action for damages under section 69 is not brought before the court within 1 year from the date on which the injured person knew or should have known of the cause, the right to bring the case is extinguished.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 68 <small>Trademark Act B.E. 2534<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The owner of a registered trademark may enter into a licence agreement permitting another person to use the trademark for all or some of the goods for which it is registered. A trademark licence agreement under paragraph one shall be made in writing and registered with the registrar. An application to register a licence agreement under paragraph two shall be in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in a ministerial regulation, but the application shall at least show the following particulars: (1) the conditions or terms between the trademark owner and the applicant for registration as licensee that will enable the trademark owner genuinely to control the quality of the goods of the applicant for registration as licensee; (2) the goods for which the use of the trademark is to be licensed.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/eWR3eGRHVEpDL2N4KzJOUUJGUkRSdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 46 <small>Trademark Act B.E. 2534<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">No person may bring an action to prevent infringement of the right in an unregistered trademark, or to claim damages for infringement of that right. This Section does not affect the right of the owner of an unregistered trademark to sue another person who passes off that person&#039;s goods as the goods of the owner of that trademark.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/eWR3eGRHVEpDL2N4KzJOUUJGUkRSdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 57 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e51) \u0e01\u0e35\u0e14\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\n(\u0e52) \u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e15\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\n(\u0e53) \u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\n(\u0e54) \u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 17 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e51) \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e19\u0e30\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e52) \u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e53) \u0e01\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e39\u0e41\u0e25\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\n(\u0e54) \u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e55) \u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e59\n(\u0e56) \u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\n(\u0e57) \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e58) \u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e02\u0e4c\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e57\u0e58\n(\u0e59) \u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e58\u0e50 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e58\u0e51 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e58\u0e52 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e58\u0e53 \u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\n(\u0e51\u0e50) \u0e40\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e43\u0e14\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e19\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\n(\u0e51\u0e51) \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e19\u0e30\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e19\u0e42\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\n(\u0e51\u0e52) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e19\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e0e \u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e35\u0e14\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\n(\u0e51\u0e53) \u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e41\u0e1c\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e25\u0e22\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e4c \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\n(\u0e51\u0e54) \u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e23 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e13 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\n(\u0e51\u0e55) \u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\n\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 82 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e55 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e57 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e58 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e25\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 60 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e50 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e51 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e54 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e55 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e57 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e58 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e23\u0e30\u0e07\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e22\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49  \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e25\u0e38\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 69 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e50 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e51 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e54 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e55 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e57 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e58 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e38\u0e49\u0e21\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04 \u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e19\u0e34\u0e18\u0e34\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e38\u0e49\u0e21\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e38\u0e49\u0e21\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e19\u0e34\u0e18\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 70 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2560<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e56\u0e59 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e33\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 68 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2534<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19 \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e51) \u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\n(\u0e52) \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/eWR3eGRHVEpDL2N4KzJOUUJGUkRSdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 46 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2534<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e43\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e21\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e21\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e27\u0e07\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/eWR3eGRHVEpDL2N4KzJOUUJGUkRSdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 57 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><p>Un exploitant ne peut causer un dommage \u00e0 un autre exploitant par l&#039;entrave injuste \u00e0 son activit\u00e9, l&#039;usage injuste d&#039;un pouvoir de march\u00e9 ou de n\u00e9gociation sup\u00e9rieur, des conditions commerciales restreignant ou entravant injustement l&#039;activit\u00e9 d&#039;autrui, ou tout autre acte notifi\u00e9 par la Commission.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 17 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><p>La Commission exerce 15 attributions, dont conseiller le ministre, \u00e9dicter r\u00e8glements et notifications, superviser les entreprises, instruire plaintes et infractions, statuer selon l&#039;article 59, fixer les amendes administratives et saisir le tribunal administratif. Les textes d&#039;application g\u00e9n\u00e9rale prennent effet \u00e0 leur publication au Journal officiel.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 82 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><p>La violation des articles 55, 57 ou 58 entra\u00eene une amende administrative ne d\u00e9passant pas 10 % du revenu de l&#039;ann\u00e9e de l&#039;infraction, ou 1 000 000 de bahts au plus si l&#039;infraction survient la premi\u00e8re ann\u00e9e d&#039;activit\u00e9.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 60 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><p>Sur preuves raisonnables d&#039;une violation actuelle ou \u00e0 venir des articles 50, 51 alin\u00e9a 2, 54, 55, 57 ou 58, la Commission peut ordonner par \u00e9crit de suspendre, cesser ou modifier l&#039;acte, sous conditions n\u00e9cessaires; recours devant le tribunal administratif dans les 60 jours de la notification.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 69 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><p>Toute personne l\u00e9s\u00e9e par une violation des articles 50, 51 alin\u00e9a 2, 54, 55, 57 ou 58 peut agir en dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats contre son auteur; le Comit\u00e9 de protection des consommateurs et les associations ou fondations qu&#039;il agr\u00e9e peuvent agir pour les consommateurs ou leurs membres.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 70 <small>Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/small><\/h3><p>L&#039;action en dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats de l&#039;article 69 s&#039;\u00e9teint si elle n&#039;est pas port\u00e9e devant le tribunal dans un d\u00e9lai de 1 an \u00e0 compter du jour o\u00f9 la personne l\u00e9s\u00e9e a connu ou aurait d\u00fb conna\u00eetre sa cause.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 68 <small>Trademark Act B.E. 2534<\/small><\/h3><p>Le titulaire d&#039;une marque enregistr\u00e9e peut en conc\u00e9der la licence pour tout ou partie des produits enregistr\u00e9s. Le contrat doit \u00eatre \u00e9crit et enregistr\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s du registraire; la demande indique au moins les conditions assurant au titulaire un contr\u00f4le r\u00e9el de la qualit\u00e9 et les produits concern\u00e9s.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/eWR3eGRHVEpDL2N4KzJOUUJGUkRSdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 46 <small>Trademark Act B.E. 2534<\/small><\/h3><p>Nul ne peut agir pour emp\u00eacher la violation d&#039;une marque non enregistr\u00e9e ni r\u00e9clamer des dommages-int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e0 ce titre, sans pr\u00e9judice du droit du titulaire d&#039;agir contre celui qui fait passer ses produits pour ceux de ce titulaire.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/eWR3eGRHVEpDL2N4KzJOUUJGUkRSdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/d2FxZGlyQUI3UVlCbnFrVGpMTWtMQT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 2 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/eWR3eGRHVEpDL2N4KzJOUUJGUkRSdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Trademark Act B.E. 2534<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 2 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-the-2019-franchise-guidelines-require\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What the Franchise Guidelines Require<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Guidelines apply to franchisors operating in Thailand, which includes the Thai master franchisee of a foreign brand: clause 2 defines a franchisor simply as the person who grants the right to run the franchise business. They do three things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pre-contract disclosure, and clause 3 says what has to be in it.<\/strong> A franchisor must disclose the details of its franchise business to the franchisee <strong>before the franchise agreement is entered into<\/strong>, under four headings: <strong>3.1<\/strong> the money, meaning the franchise fee, the royalty, marketing costs, training costs and the cost of equipment the business needs, how each is calculated, how it is paid and on what terms it is refundable; <strong>3.2<\/strong> the business plan, meaning management assistance, training, advice, promotion, and <strong>the number and location of franchisees in nearby areas now and in future<\/strong>; <strong>3.3<\/strong> the trademark, patent and copyright rights, for how long, on what scope of licence and subject to what limits; and <strong>3.4<\/strong> renewal, amendment, termination and revocation of the agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No form is prescribed and no cooling-off period is imposed, so nobody will hand you a numbered disclosure document. That is precisely why the list matters: <strong>a franchisee can check it item by item against what was actually provided<\/strong>, and 3.2 is the one most often skipped, because it is the item that tells you how close the next outlet may be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A right of first refusal over a new branch nearby, with a thirty-day window. This is clause 4, and it is the part of the instrument a franchisee is most likely to need.<\/strong> If the franchisor wants to open a new branch, whether it runs that branch itself or grants the right to another franchisee or to anyone else, it must <strong>tell the franchisee in the nearest area and offer that franchisee the new branch first<\/strong>. It must allow <strong>not less than 30 days<\/strong> for an answer. The one exception is a franchisee whose performance clearly fails criteria the franchisor set and notified in advance. What counts as the nearest area is judged on demand for the goods or services, the geography, and competitive conditions taken together. The thirty days and the exception were added by <strong>No. 2<\/strong> in 2020; <strong>No. 3<\/strong> in 2021 added one further carve-out, for <strong>area development<\/strong> franchises, where the contract itself already allocates expansion within an agreed territory and so makes the first offer impossible, and there the franchisor may give the new branch to another suitable franchisee provided it has a business, marketing or economic reason that stands up.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>A ban on six specific unfair practices.<\/strong> Clause 5 lists them. A franchisor may not, without good reason, <strong>5.1<\/strong> restrict the franchisee&#8217;s rights, which expressly covers requiring it to buy unrelated goods or services only from the franchisor or its nominated supplier, and <strong>setting purchase quotas above what the outlet actually needs while refusing to take the excess back<\/strong>; <strong>5.2<\/strong> impose extra obligations after the contract has been signed, unless there is a sound business reason or it is needed to protect the reputation, quality and standards of the franchise, <strong>and in writing<\/strong>; <strong>5.3<\/strong> forbid the franchisee to buy equivalent-quality goods more cheaply elsewhere; <strong>5.4<\/strong> forbid it to discount <strong>perishable or near-expiry stock<\/strong>; <strong>5.5<\/strong> apply different conditions to different franchisees so as to discriminate; or <strong>5.6<\/strong> impose any other unsuitable condition whose purpose goes beyond preserving the franchisor&#8217;s reputation, quality and standards under the contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What a breach actually costs, which is not a small point.<\/strong> Breach of section 57 is not a criminal offence; it carries an <strong>administrative fine of up to ten per cent of the turnover of the year in which it was committed<\/strong>, or up to 1,000,000 baht if the business was in its first year (section 82). The Commission can separately order the conduct stopped or changed, and an operator who disagrees has <strong>60 days from being notified to sue in the Administrative Court<\/strong> (section 60); ignoring such an order costs up to <strong>6,000,000 baht plus up to 300,000 baht for every day it continues<\/strong> (section 83). A franchisor unsure whether its system crosses the line can ask the Commission for a binding advance ruling under section 59.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>And the franchisee has a claim of its own, on a one-year fuse.<\/strong> Section 69 lets a person damaged by a breach of section 57 sue the operator for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/damages\/\">damages<\/a> directly, and it lets the Consumer Protection Board or a recognised association or foundation sue on behalf of consumers or members. <strong>Section 70 extinguishes that right if the case is not brought within one year of the day the injured person knew or ought to have known of the cause.<\/strong> A franchisee who spends a year negotiating instead of filing can win the argument and lose the claim.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-a-thai-franchise-agreement-should-cover\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What a Thai Franchise Agreement Should Cover<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Because so much rests on the contract, the agreement needs to be complete rather than borrowed from another country. In practice the terms that matter most are: the grant and its territory and exclusivity; the term and the renewal mechanism; the initial fee and ongoing royalties; the trademark licence and brand-standards obligations; training and support; sourcing and quality control; confidentiality and non-compete; and the exit, including what happens to the outlet, the stock, and the right to use the brand when the franchise ends. For a foreign franchisor, the agreement should be governed by Thai law for the Thai outlets and should sit alongside a properly registered trademark.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"foreign-ownership\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Foreign Ownership<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A foreign company franchising in Thailand also has to deal with the ordinary foreign-business rules. Depending on how the franchise is structured, collecting royalties and providing services in Thailand can fall within the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreign-business-act\/\">Foreign Business Act<\/a>, which restricts majority foreign ownership of many service businesses. The lawful routes are a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/foreign-business-licence\/\">Foreign Business Licence<\/a> (section 17); a certificate for a business promoted by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/boi\/\">Board of Investment<\/a>, which exempts it from most of the Act for as long as the promotion lasts (section 12); a certificate under a treaty, which for Americans means the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/treaty-of-amity-in-thailand\/\">Treaty of Amity<\/a> (sections 10 and 11); or an operating company that is genuinely Thai-majority owned, not one held through <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/nominee\/\">nominees<\/a>, which the Act itself makes a crime (section 36). This should be decided before the structure is built, not after.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-170-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does Thailand have a franchise law?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Thailand has no Franchise Act, and franchising is not licensed or registered as its own category. It is governed by the Civil and Commercial Code, trademark law and the Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560, with the Franchise Guidelines made under that Act.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-170-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What must a franchisor disclose before the contract is signed?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Clause 3 of the Guidelines requires disclosure under four headings: the money, the business plan, the trademark, patent and copyright rights, and renewal, amendment, termination and revocation. No form is prescribed and no cooling-off period is imposed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-170-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a franchisor open a new branch near an existing franchisee?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Under clause 4 it must first tell the franchisee in the nearest area, offer that franchisee the new branch and allow not less than 30 days for an answer. The exception is a franchisee whose performance clearly fails criteria set and notified in advance.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-170-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How long does a franchisee have to sue for damages?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>One year. Section 69 of the Trade Competition Act lets a person damaged by a breach of section 57 sue directly. Section 70 ends that right if the case is not brought within one year of the day the injured person knew or ought to have known of the cause.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-thailawonline-can-help\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How ThaiLawOnline Can Help<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We draft and review franchise agreements for both franchisors and franchisees, prepare the clause 3 pre-contract disclosure the Guidelines call for, register the trademark that the whole franchise depends on, and structure the ownership so it fits the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/foreign-business-act\/\">Foreign Business Act<\/a>. See our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legal-fees\/\">legal fees<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A practical warning from experience: most franchise disputes we see come down to two things that were never nailed down at the start, what happens to the brand and the location when the relationship ends, and whether the trademark was actually registered in Thailand in the first place. Fix those two before you sign, and most of the risk goes away. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/contact-us\/\">Contact us<\/a> to review your franchise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Last reviewed: 15 September 2026. Read for this review, each from its Royal Gazette text: the Trade Competition Act B.E. 2560, section 57 for the four heads of unfair conduct, section 17(3) for the Commission&#8217;s power to issue guidelines, section 59 for the advance ruling, section 60 and section 83 for cease orders and the penalty for ignoring one, sections 69 and 70 for the private damages claim and its one-year limit, and section 82 for the administrative fine; and all three franchise announcements of the Trade Competition Commission, the original of 30 October 2019 (Gazette 6 December 2019) and the amendments No. 2 (Gazette 22 September 2020) and No. 3 (Gazette 19 August 2021), taken from the regulator&#8217;s own published copies and checked against its own list of announcements on the same day. Not verified in this review: the Foreign Business Act analysis in the foreign-ownership section, the trademark and intellectual-property points, the contract checklist, and the Board of Investment and Treaty of Amity routes, all of which are covered on their own pages. The commencement date of the original guidelines is computed from their own sixty-day clause: 4 February 2020 is the last day of that period and 5 February 2020 is the first day they bound anyone. Re-checked on 5 October 2026: the whole page re-read against the stamp above (Trade Competition Act and the three Commission announcements not re-fetched); one line changed, the opening note that a franchise needs a Thai company, since a Thai individual may run an outlet. Still unverified: the Foreign Business Act, trademark, Board of Investment and Treaty of Amity points. Re-checked on 6 October 2026: Foreign Business Act sections 10, 11, 12, 17 and 36 read in Thai; the foreign-ownership paragraph now names the licence, the BOI and treaty certificates and the nominee prohibition; the trademark points remain unverified.<\/em>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The first thing to understand about franchising in Thailand is what does not exist: there is no dedicated franchise statute. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":11320,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-02\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"thailand franchise","rank_math_title":"Franchise Business in Thailand: Law, Agreements, Ownership","rank_math_description":"Franchising in Thailand without a Franchise Act: the general laws that apply, the 2019 guidelines, agreement terms, and foreign ownership limits.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Thailand Franchise","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-170","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/170","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=170"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/170\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11886,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/170\/revisions\/11886"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/11320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=170"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}