{"id":1823,"date":"2026-04-18T17:01:02","date_gmt":"2026-04-18T10:01:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/nominee\/"},"modified":"2026-09-27T21:59:32","modified_gmt":"2026-09-27T14:59:32","slug":"nominee","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/nominee\/","title":{"rendered":"Nominee in Thai Property and Company Law"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>\u0e40\u0e2d <strong>\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35<\/strong> (\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35, formally \u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07, <em>tua thaen amphrang<\/em>, \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 <em>\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19<\/em> \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d <em>proxy owner<\/em>) is a Thai national or Thai company that holds shares, land or other assets in its own name on behalf of a foreigner who supplies the money and exercises the real control, so as to get around Thailand&#8217;s limits on foreign ownership. The arrangement is prohibited by Section 36 of the Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 and by the Land Code, and since 2025 it has been the target of a coordinated enforcement campaign by the Department of Business Development, the Department of Lands and the police.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#what-the-foreign-business-act-and-land-code-say\">\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#how-the-arrangement-is-detected-in-practice\">\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#consequences-and-what-legitimate-structures-look-like\">\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">\u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-the-foreign-business-act-and-land-code-say\">\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Section 36 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/foreign-business-act\/\">\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27<\/a> makes it an offence for a Thai national or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/juristic-person\/\">\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25<\/a> to assist a foreigner in operating a restricted business by holding shares or acting as a nominee, and an offence for the foreigner to let them. Both face up to three years&#8217; imprisonment, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/fine\/\">\u0e14\u0e35<\/a> of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both, and the court orders the assistance or shareholding to stop, with a daily fine of 10,000 to 50,000 baht for every day that order is disobeyed.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Land is treated separately and more harshly.<\/strong> Section 86 of the Land Code allows a foreigner to acquire land only under a treaty that grants that right, and no such treaty is in force, and the Code punishes a Thai who acquires land as the agent of a foreigner, and the foreigner who unlawfully acquires it, with up to two years&#8217; imprisonment and a fine of up to 20,000 baht, followed by an order to dispose of the land within 180 days to one year. If the land is not sold in time, the Director-General of the Department of Lands sells it. This is not theoretical: on Koh Phangan alone, 112 companies holding 124 plots were flagged in 2026 for foreign shareholding above the legal threshold, and eight of them were ordered to dispose of nine plots (Interior Ministry, 25 August 2026; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thaigov.go.th\/th\/news\/168756\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Government Spokesman, 10 September 2026<\/a>). A company counts as foreign when 50% or more of its shares or capital is held by foreigners.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-the-arrangement-is-detected-in-practice\">\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>Since 2025 the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/dbd\/\">\u0e01\u0e23\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32<\/a> has required proof that Thai shareholders in companies with foreign participation paid for their shares with their own money: bank statements for the months before subscription, evidence of the funds arriving in the company&#8217;s account and a written explanation of their source. Thai shareholders must now attend in person for amendments involving foreign participation, and cross-checks are run against the State welfare card register to catch low-income Thais recorded as majority owners. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/land-office\/\">\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19<\/a> apply the same source-of-funds questions when a Thai buyer with a foreign spouse or partner registers a purchase.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>The tell-tale signs<\/strong> are Thai shareholders with no income who hold 51% of several property companies, a loan agreement from the foreigner to the Thai equal to the share price, blank signed share transfer forms held by the foreigner, and a foreign director as sole signatory. Courts look at substance rather than the share register: a purchase of land for a foreigner through a company whose Thai majority is fictitious is unlawful, and the land must be disposed of within the period the Director-General sets under section 94 (Supreme Court Decision 2690\/2538), and a sham loan between the foreigner and the Thai shareholder is unenforceable.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"consequences-and-what-legitimate-structures-look-like\">\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>For the foreigner the outcome is worse than the fine: the land is sold under compulsion, often at a loss, the company can be dissolved, the money paid to the nominee is unrecoverable because the contract is illegal, and conviction can lead to deportation and blacklisting. For the Thai, a criminal record and the risk of being left liable for the company&#8217;s debts. Official figures for 2025 and 2026 run to hundreds of prosecutions and seizures worth billions of baht, concentrated in Phuket, Koh Samui, Pattaya and Hua Hin.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>A structure is not a nominee arrangement when the Thai party has genuinely invested and genuinely controls: a Thai spouse who buys land with her own funds, a Thai business partner with a real stake, or a company with real Thai capital and Thai directors. Foreigners who need control can use a registered <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/leasehold\/\">\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32<\/a>, usufruct or superficies over land, a condominium within the 49% quota, a BOI-promoted company, or the Treaty of Amity for US citizens. Existing 51\/49 property companies can be restructured towards those tools before the audit reaches them.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 27 \u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2026.<\/strong> Foreign Business Act sections 4 and 36 and Land Code sections 86, 94, 111 and 113 were read in Thai. Supreme Court Decision 2690\/2538 was read to its disposition in an earlier review. Not re-checked: the enforcement statistics and the Department of Business Development&#8217;s source-of-funds practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">\u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Yes. A Thai person who holds land for a foreigner and the foreigner behind the arrangement both commit offences under the Land Code, punishable by up to two years&#8217; imprisonment and a fine of up to 20,000 baht, and the land must then be sold within 180 days to one year. Where a company is used, the Foreign Business Act adds up to three years&#8217; imprisonment and fines of up to 1,000,000 baht.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19 (\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35) \u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>Under Section 36 of the Foreign Business Act, up to three years&#8217; imprisonment or a fine of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht or both, The same penalties apply to the foreigner who uses the nominee, and the court orders the arrangement to stop, with a further 10,000 to 50,000 baht for every day that order is disobeyed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35 (Nominee) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e0d\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e08 \u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e39\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e40\u0e0b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e18\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e22\u0e01\u0e41\u0e22\u0e30\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/foreign-business-act\/\">\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/land-code\/\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/shareholder\/\">shareholder in a Thai company<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-nominee-shareholders\/\">Thai nominee shareholders guide<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thailand-nominee-company-crackdown-2026\/\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e27\u0e32\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35 \u0e1b\u0e35 2026<\/a> \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-company-property-restructuring\/\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19 51\/49<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A nominee (\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35, formally \u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07, tua thaen amphrang, also called a nominee shareholder or proxy owner) is a Thai national [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":214,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"nominee thailand","rank_math_title":"Nominee Thailand: Shares, Land and Penalties | ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Nominee in Thailand means a Thai person or company holding shares or land in name only for a foreigner. Why it is a criminal offence, and the penalties.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-1823","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1823"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8631,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1823\/revisions\/8631"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1823"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}