{"id":218,"date":"2024-12-24T15:47:28","date_gmt":"2024-12-24T08:47:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/register-a-company-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T00:25:37","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T17:25:37","slug":"register-a-company-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/register-a-company-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 id=\"dbd-biz-regist-online-only-1-november-2026\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">DBD filing becomes fully online on 1 November 2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>From 1 November 2026, the Department of Business Development will accept every application concerning partnerships and private limited companies only through DBD Biz Regist.<\/strong> Paper walk-in filing ends not only for new incorporations, which already moved online on 1 July 2026, but also for amendments and later registrations, including directors and signing authority, registered office, capital, objects, dissolution and liquidation. This is an official DBD filing procedure, not an amendment to substantive company law. Read the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/news\/37630092569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">official DBD announcement<\/a> and use the <a href=\"https:\/\/edbr.dbd.go.th\/Loginjuristicpage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DBD Biz Regist portal<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Clients facing a filing deadline should prepare exact passport spelling, current email and mobile details, identity verification and the required signing method before submission. The announcement states no general paper-filing exception.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"registered-office-the-address-evidence-rule\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Registered office: the address evidence rule<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Central Partnership and Company Registration Office Order No. 4\/2568 has applied since 1 January 2026. For an incorporation or change of head-office address, the registrar checks the house code, house number and location details against civil-registration records. Where five or more partnerships or companies are already registered at the same premises, the applicant must also supply written consent from the person entitled to allow use of the premises and copies of the evidence establishing that right. This is an additional evidence requirement, not a prohibition on virtual offices or a maximum of five companies per address.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before paying for a registered-office package, ask the provider how many entities already use the premises and whether the required consent and supporting documents will be supplied. DBD registration does not, by itself, confirm suitability for VAT registration, a work permit or a sector licence. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/storage\/law\/669cfae6-425a-4fee-8961-195c500fb02c.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read the official Order No. 4\/2568<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"payroll-deadline-employee-welfare-fund\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Payroll deadline: Employee Welfare Fund<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/employee-welfare-fund-thailand-employer-checklist\/\">Employee Welfare Fund: five steps to prepare payroll<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Before the January 2027 payroll, companies employing ten or more staff should establish which employees fall within the Employee Welfare Fund and which have a qualifying provident-fund or other statutory exemption. Contributions start on <strong>1 January 2027<\/strong>, initially at <strong>0.25% of wages from the employee and 0.25% from the employer<\/strong>. The ordinary remittance deadline is the 15th of the following month. See the <a href=\"https:\/\/ratchakitcha.soc.go.th\/documents\/135427.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">commencement decree<\/a> and the coverage and payroll guidance in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-labour-law\/\">Thai labour-law guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Update, 2 November 2026: collection is postponed to 1 January 2027. The <a href=\"https:\/\/ratchakitcha.soc.go.th\/documents\/135427.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Royal Decree on the start of collection B.E. 2569<\/a>, published in the Royal Gazette on 22 October 2026 (vol. 143, part 65 Kor), repeals the B.E. 2568 decree, and its section 4 starts collection on 1 January 2027. No first remittance falls due on 15 November 2026. January 2027 is the first month, so the first remittance falls due by 15 February 2027. The Cabinet also accepted in principle a draft that would apply the 0.25% rates to 31 December 2031 and the 0.50% rates from 1 January 2032. We have not yet read that regulation in the Gazette, so check it before relying on those two dates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Starting a business in Thailand can be an exciting chance. However, the registration process needs careful attention to legal rules and steps. It is important to know the right steps and possible problems. This helps your company start well and avoid costly delays or legal issues during the company registration process.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!-- tlo-template-promo:service-agreement -->\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border:2px solid #C9A25C;border-radius:12px;padding:22px 24px;margin:28px 0;background:#fbf8f1\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 6px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1px;color:#765819;font-weight:700\">LAWYER-DRAFTED TEMPLATE \u00b7 \u0e3f890<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px\">Service \/ Contractor Agreement (Bilingual English &amp; Thai)<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px\">Deliverable-based payments, acceptance and rework procedure, IP assignment, 3% withholding handled, and the contractor-versus-employee test explained so nobody claims <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/severance-pay\/\">severance<\/a> later. Word + PDF, updated August 2026. \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/service-independent-contractor-agreement-thailand-english\/\" style=\"background:#16202E;color:#fff;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:8px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600\">Get the template<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<!-- \/tlo-template-promo -->\n\n\n\n<p class=\"tlo-hublink wp-block-paragraph\">Registration is one step in the wider process covered in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/business-setup-in-thailand\/\">setting up a business in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 30 August 2026.<\/strong> Sections 1096, 1097, 1098, 1105, 1107, 1108, 1110, 1111, 1111\/1 and 1112 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a> were each read against the Thai text in our own annotated Code. Sections 14 and 36 of the Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 were read in the Thai original, and sections 94, 96, 97 and 98 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/land-code\/\">Land Code<\/a> in the Council of State text. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> Decisions 6412\/2560, 1038\/2538 and 2252\/2560 were each read in full in Thai. The government fees are those in the Department of Business Development\u2019s current registration guide, and the Thai <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/shareholder\/\">shareholder<\/a> evidence requirements were read from the primary text of Central Registrar Order 2\/2569. The tax deadlines in Step 5 were not re-verified against the Revenue Code in this review, so confirm them with the Revenue Department when you file. Re-read on 5 October 2026: Step 5 no longer tells a new company to apply separately for a tax ID (its DBD registration number is its tax number); the seven-day item in the deadline list now runs before the statutory meeting, as section 1107 says; two FAQs (the order of the steps, and the Foreign Business Act licence a representative office needs) were corrected; Dika 159\/2566 and 17923\/2557 were read in the corpus and match what the page says of them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"How to Register a Company in Thailand\" class=\"wp-image-14562 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/register-a-company-in-thailand.jpeg\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">How to Register a Company in Thailand<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#registered-office-the-address-evidence-rule\">Registered office: the address evidence rule<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#payroll-deadline-employee-welfare-fund\">Payroll deadline: Employee Welfare Fund<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-are-the-steps-to-register-a-company-in-thailand\">Understanding the Basics: Thai Limited Company Structure<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#key-requirements-for-thai-limited-companies\">Key Requirements for Thai Limited Companies:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#foreign-ownership-rules-and-capital-requirements\">Foreign Ownership Rules and Capital Requirements<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#capital-requirements-by-business-type\">Capital Requirements by Business Type<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#step-by-step-registration-process\">Step-by-Step Process to Register a Company in Thailand<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#step-1-company-name-reservation-1-3-business-days\">Step 1: Company Name Reservation (1-3 Business Days)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#step-2-draft-and-file-memorandum-of-association-1-2-days\">Step 2: Draft and File Memorandum of Association (1-2 Days)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#step-3-convene-statutory-meeting-minimum-7-days-notice\">Step 3: Convene Statutory Meeting (Minimum 7 Days Notice)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#step-4-submit-company-registration-application-1-7-days\">Step 4: Submit Company Registration Application (1-7 Days)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#step-5-tax-registration-within-60-days\">Step 5: Tax Registration<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#step-6-open-corporate-bank-account-1-5-days\">Step 6: Open Corporate Bank Account (1-5 Days)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#critical-areas-where-mistakes-lead-to-major-delays\">What Mistakes Cause Delays When Registering a Company in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#thai-shareholder-financial-documentation\">Thai Shareholder Financial Documentation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#online-only-incorporation-since-1-july-2026\">DBD Biz Regist: New Companies Since 1 July, All Applications From 1 November 2026<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-the-department-switched-off\">The Two-Stage Closure of Walk-In Filing<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-date-that-moved-three-times\">The Date That Moved Three Times, and Why Older Guides Disagree<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-the-old-rulebook-said\">What the Old Rulebook Said, and What It Means for a Foreigner<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#who-may-file-for-you\">Who May File for You, and What Nobody Can Do for You<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#where-order-2-2569-fits\">Where Order 2\/2569 Fits, and Why a Foreign-Linked Filing Is Not a One-Day Job<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-the-register-proves\">What the Register Proves, and What It Does Not<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#if-your-company-will-ever-hold-land\">If Your Company Will Ever Hold Land, the 49% Rule Is Not the Only Test<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-value-of-expert-legal-assistance\">The Value of Expert Legal Assistance to Register a Company in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#risk-mitigation-and-compliance\">Risk Mitigation and Compliance<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#cost-considerations-and-planning\">Cost Considerations and Planning to Register a Company in Thailand<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#initial-registration-costs-for-setting-up-a-company-in-thailand\">Initial Registration Costs for setting up a company in Thailand:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#annual-maintenance-costs\">Annual Maintenance Costs:<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faqs-about-registration-of-a-company-in-thailand\">FAQS About Registration of a Company in Thailand<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1742322937296\">What are the initial steps to register a company in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1742322938986\">What is the difference between a Thai Company Limited and other types of business entities?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1742322939849\">How many Thai shareholders are required to register a company in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1742322941791\">What is the process for the registration of the company in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1742323050863\">Can I register a representative office in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1742323052190\">Are there any specific requirements for directors of the company?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1742323054043\">What are the business registration fees in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1742323101408\">Is it necessary to open a bank account in Thailand when registering a company?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1742323107450\">Can businesses located outside of Thailand also register a company in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1789500001\">Can I register a Thai company without coming to Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1789500002\">Is paper company registration still possible in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1789500003\">Does DBD Biz Regist check where my Thai shareholders\u2019 money came from?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#our-fees\">Our company registration fee<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-are-the-steps-to-register-a-company-in-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Understanding the Basics: Thai Limited Company Structure<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most popular business structure for foreigners in Thailand is the private <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/company-limited\/\">limited company<\/a> (\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14). This structure provides limited liability protection for shareholders while offering flexibility in operations and the ability to obtain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/work-permit-in-bangkok\/\">work permits for foreign employees<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"key-requirements-for-thai-limited-companies\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Requirements for Thai Limited Companies:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Minimum of <strong>2 shareholders<\/strong>, of any nationality. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1097\/\">Section 1097<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code required three promoters until the Civil and Commercial Code Amendment Act (No. 23) B.E. 2565, published in the Royal Gazette vol. 139 part 69 Kor on 8 November 2022 and in force on 7 February 2023, rewrote it to read \u201cany two or more persons\u201d. The Code does not require any of them to be Thai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>At least <strong>1 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/director\/\">director<\/a><\/strong> (can be Thai or foreign national)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>You need enough <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/registered-capital\/\">registered capital<\/a> for your business. Usually, this means 2 million baht for one <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/work-permit-in-bangkok\/\">work permit<\/a>. This amount is higher under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/treaty-of-amity\/\">Treaty of Amity<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Thai business address (virtual offices are permitted but <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/vat\/\">VAT<\/a> registration need a physical office)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"foreign-ownership-rules-and-capital-requirements\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Foreign Ownership Rules and Capital Requirements<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One of the most important aspects for foreigners to understand is Thailand\u2019s ownership restrictions. Under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/foreign-business-act\/\">Foreign Business Act<\/a> (FBA), a company counts as foreign once foreigners hold half or more of its capital (section 4), so in restricted sectors the foreign holding stays below 50%. Most companies set it at 49%.&nbsp;However, there are legal pathways to achieve majority or even 100% foreign ownership through:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Board of Investment (BOI) promotion<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Foreign Business License (FBL)<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Treaty of Amity<\/strong> (for US citizens only)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Certain non-restricted business activities are necessary for limited liability companies in Thailand.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"capital-requirements-by-business-type\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Capital Requirements by Business Type<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The capital requirements vary significantly depending on your business structure and staffing plans:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Thai-majority company<\/strong>: No legal minimum, but practically at least 100,000 THB<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Companies employing foreigners<\/strong>: Minimum <strong>2 million THB per foreign employee<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Foreign-majority companies<\/strong>: Minimum 2-3 million THB plus FBL requirements<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Registered capital is not the same as cash in the bank on day one. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1105\/\">Section 1105<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code sets the floor: the first payment on each share must be at least <strong>25% of its nominal amount<\/strong>, and under section 1110 the directors must call for that payment before they apply to register the company. The balance can be called later. What the capital figure decides immediately is what the company can do, which is why the work permit and Foreign Business Act figures above are worth settling before the memorandum is filed rather than after.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1097<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 7 February 2023<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Any two or more persons may promote and form a limited company by subscribing their names to a memorandum and otherwise complying with the provisions of this Code.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1097\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1098<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The memorandum of association must contain the following particulars: (1) the name of the proposed company, which must always end with the word &quot;Limited&quot;; (2) the place in the Kingdom where the registered office of the company is to be situated; (3) all the objects of the company; (4) a statement that the liability of the shareholders is limited; (5) the amount of share capital which the company proposes to register, divided into shares of a fixed value each; (6) the names, addresses, occupations and signatures of all the promoters, and the number of shares subscribed by each of them.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1098\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1108<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 7 February 2023<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The business to be transacted at the statutory meeting is as follows: (1) to agree on the articles of association of the company, which should also provide a method for resolving problems or disputes on which the directors or the shareholders cannot reach a settlement or pass a resolution; (2) to ratify the contracts entered into by the promoters and any expenses incurred by them in promoting the company; (3) to fix the amount, if any is intended, to be paid to the promoters; (4) to fix the number of preference shares, if any such shares are to exist in the company, and to determine their nature and the extent of their preference; (5) to fix the number of ordinary shares or preference shares to be allotted as fully paid up or as partly paid up otherwise than in money, and to determine the extent to which they are to be treated as paid up; if there are to be such shares in the company, it shall be specifically stated at the meeting, and described clearly in every respect, for what services or in return for what property such ordinary or preference shares are to be allotted as paid up; (6) to elect the first directors and auditors of the company and to determine their powers.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1108\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1111\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 26 July 2008<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">On the formation of a company, where all of the following steps are completed on the same day as the promoters make the memorandum of association, the directors may apply to register the memorandum and to register the company together on that same day:\n (1) subscribers have been found for the whole of the shares the company is to register;\n (2) a statutory meeting has been held to consider the matters under Section 1108, attended by the promoters and all the subscribers, and the promoters and all the subscribers have approved the business of that meeting;\n (3) the promoters have handed over the whole of the business to the directors;\n (4) the directors have called on the subscribers to pay for their shares under Section 1110 paragraph two, and payment has been completed.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1111-1\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1105<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Shares may not be issued at a price below their stated value.\n Shares may be issued at a price above their stated value if the memorandum of association so authorises, and in that case the excess amount must be paid together with the first payment.\n The first payment on shares must not be less than twenty-five per cent of their stated value.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1105\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1112<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If registration is not effected within three months from the statutory meeting, the company is deemed not to have been formed, and all money received from the subscribers must be repaid in full without any deduction.\n If any such money remains unrepaid three months after the statutory meeting, the directors of the company are jointly liable to repay both the principal and interest calculated from the expiry of that three-month period.\n However, a director who proves that the loss of the money or the delay in repayment was not due to his fault is not liable to pay the principal or interest.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1112\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 4 <small>Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In this Act: &quot;alien&quot; means: (1) a natural person who does not have Thai nationality; (2) a juristic person not registered in Thailand; (3) a juristic person registered in Thailand and having the following characteristics: (a) a juristic person in which shares representing half or more of its capital are held by persons under (1) or (2), or a juristic person in which persons under (1) or (2) have invested a value of half or more of its total capital; (b) a limited partnership or registered ordinary partnership whose managing partner or manager is a person under (1); (4) a juristic person registered in Thailand in which shares representing half or more of its capital are held by persons under (1), (2) or (3), or in which persons under (1), (2) or (3) have invested a value of half or more of its total capital. For the purposes of this definition, shares of a limited company for which bearer share certificates are issued are deemed to be shares of an alien, unless otherwise prescribed in a Ministerial Regulation. &quot;capital&quot; means the registered capital of a limited company, the paid-up capital of a public limited company, or the money contributed as shares by partners or members to a partnership or juristic person; &quot;minimum capital&quot; means the capital of an alien where the alien is a juristic person registered in Thailand, and, where the alien is a juristic person not registered in Thailand or a natural person, the foreign currency the alien brings in for use on commencing business in Thailand; &quot;business&quot; means engaging in agriculture, industry, handicraft, commerce, services or other activities, for trade; &quot;licence&quot; means a licence to operate a business; &quot;licensee&quot; means an alien who has received a licence; &quot;certificate&quot; means a certificate to operate a business; &quot;certificate holder&quot; means an alien who has received a certificate; &quot;Committee&quot; means the Foreign Business Committee; &quot;competent official&quot; means a person appointed by the Minister to act under this Act; &quot;Registrar&quot; means a person appointed by the Minister as Registrar of Foreign Business Operations; &quot;Director General&quot; means the Director General of the Department of Business Development; &quot;Minister&quot; means the Minister in charge of this Act.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/NkJ3Wk1GODFreHdkS25wNzRUOTkvUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 36 <small>Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A person of Thai nationality or a juristic person that is not an alien under this Act who assists or supports, or joins in operating, a business of an alien that is a business specified in the Lists annexed to this Act, where that alien has not been permitted to operate that business, or who joins in operating a business of an alien while representing it as being their business alone, or who holds shares on behalf of an alien in a partnership, limited company or any juristic person so that the alien may operate a business by evading or violating the provisions of this Act, and likewise an alien who consents to a person of Thai nationality or a juristic person that is not an alien under this Act doing such an act, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years, or a fine from 100,000 baht to 1,000,000 baht, or both, and the court shall order the assistance or support to cease, or the joint operation of the business to cease, or the shareholding or partnership to cease, as the case may be. A person who fails to comply with the court&#039;s order shall be liable to a fine of 10,000 baht to 50,000 baht per day for as long as the violation continues.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/NkJ3Wk1GODFreHdkS25wNzRUOTkvUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1097<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 7 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2566<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e04\u0e13\u0e2b\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1097\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1098<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e04\u0e13\u0e2b\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e51) \u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u201c\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u201d \u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b (\u0e52) \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48 \u0e13 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e40\u0e02\u0e15 (\u0e53) \u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e38\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17 (\u0e54) \u0e16\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e41\u0e14\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14 (\u0e55) \u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e23 (\u0e56) \u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01 \u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e30 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e04\u0e19\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e14<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1098\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1108<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 7 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2566<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e36\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d(\u0e51) \u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e46 \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e41\u0e22\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e38\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e15\u0e34\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22(\u0e52) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e02\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17(\u0e53) \u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e08\u0e15\u0e19\u0e32\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49(\u0e54) \u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e46 \u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17(\u0e55) \u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e31\u0e0d \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e23\u0e13\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e08\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23(\u0e56) \u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1108\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1111\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 26 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2551<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e02\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e04\u0e13\u0e2b\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e04\u0e13\u0e2b\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 (\u0e51) \u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e08\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 (\u0e52) \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07 \u0e46 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e51\u0e50\u0e58 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e04\u0e19\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e04\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 (\u0e53) \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e27\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (\u0e54) \u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e51\u0e51\u0e50 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1111-1\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1105<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e33\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e04\u0e13\u0e2b\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e25\u0e49\u0e33\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e22\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1105\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1112<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e14\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e08\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1112\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 4 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2542<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n\u201c\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\n(\u0e51) \u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e14\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\n(\u0e52) \u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\n(\u0e53) \u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e01) \u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21 (\u0e51) \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e52) \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21 (\u0e51) \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e52) \u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n(\u0e02) \u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21 (\u0e51)\n(\u0e54) \u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21 (\u0e51) (\u0e52) \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e53) \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21 (\u0e51) (\u0e52) \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e53) \u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e34\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\n\u201c\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e25\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u201c\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e02\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e33\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e14\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\n\u201c\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\n\u201c\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\n\u201c\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\n\u201c\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\n\u201c\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\n\u201c\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\n\u201c\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n\u201c\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\n\u201c\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e35\u0e01\u0e23\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32*\n\u201c\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u201d \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/NkJ3Wk1GODFreHdkS25wNzRUOTkvUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 36 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2542<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p 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\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e25\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e25\u0e34\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e38\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e25\u0e34\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e25\u0e34\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/NkJ3Wk1GODFreHdkS25wNzRUOTkvUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1097<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2023<\/span><\/h3><p>Deux personnes ou plus peuvent fonder une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e en signant ensemble un m\u00e9morandum d&#039;association et en accomplissant les autres actes pr\u00e9vus par le Code.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1097\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1098<\/h3><p>Le m\u00e9morandum indique le nom se terminant par &quot;limit\u00e9e&quot;, le si\u00e8ge dans le Royaume, les objets, la responsabilit\u00e9 limit\u00e9e des actionnaires, le capital divis\u00e9 en actions de valeur fix\u00e9e, ainsi que les nom, adresse, profession et signature des fondateurs et le nombre d&#039;actions souscrites.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1098\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1108<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 7 f\u00e9vrier 2023<\/span><\/h3><p>L&#039;assembl\u00e9e constitutive adopte les statuts, de pr\u00e9f\u00e9rence avec une proc\u00e9dure de r\u00e9solution des blocages, ratifie contrats et d\u00e9penses des fondateurs, fixe leur r\u00e9mun\u00e9ration \u00e9ventuelle, les actions privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es et celles lib\u00e9r\u00e9es autrement qu&#039;en num\u00e9raire, et \u00e9lit les premiers administrateurs et commissaires aux comptes avec leurs pouvoirs.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1108\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1111\/1<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 26 juillet 2008<\/span><\/h3><p>Si, le jour m\u00eame de l&#039;\u00e9tablissement du m\u00e9morandum, toutes les actions sont souscrites, tous fondateurs et souscripteurs assistent \u00e0 l&#039;assembl\u00e9e constitutive et approuvent ses d\u00e9cisions, l&#039;activit\u00e9 est remise aux administrateurs et les paiements appel\u00e9s (article 1110, alin\u00e9a 2) sont effectu\u00e9s, ceux-ci peuvent enregistrer m\u00e9morandum et soci\u00e9t\u00e9 ensemble ce jour-l\u00e0.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1111-1\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1105<\/h3><p>Les actions ne peuvent \u00eatre \u00e9mises sous leur valeur nominale. L&#039;\u00e9mission au-dessus exige une autorisation du m\u00e9morandum, la prime \u00e9tant pay\u00e9e avec le premier versement, lequel ne peut \u00eatre inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 25 % de la valeur nominale.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1105\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1112<\/h3><p>Sans enregistrement dans les 3 mois de l&#039;assembl\u00e9e constitutive, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est r\u00e9put\u00e9e non constitu\u00e9e et les sommes re\u00e7ues sont int\u00e9gralement rembours\u00e9es. Au-del\u00e0, les administrateurs r\u00e9pondent conjointement du principal et des int\u00e9r\u00eats, sauf s&#039;ils prouvent l&#039;absence de faute.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1112\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 4 <small>Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542<\/small><\/h3><p>Est \u00e9trang\u00e8re la personne physique sans nationalit\u00e9 tha\u00eflandaise, la personne morale non enregistr\u00e9e en Tha\u00eflande, ou celle enregistr\u00e9e dont des \u00e9trangers d\u00e9tiennent au moins la moiti\u00e9 du capital ou, pour une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de personnes, dont le g\u00e9rant est une personne physique \u00e9trang\u00e8re. L&#039;article d\u00e9finit notamment capital et activit\u00e9 commerciale.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/NkJ3Wk1GODFreHdkS25wNzRUOTkvUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 36 <small>Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542<\/small><\/h3><p>Le Tha\u00eflandais ou la personne morale non \u00e9trang\u00e8re, pr\u00eate-nom ou aidant un \u00e9tranger non autoris\u00e9 pour une activit\u00e9 des listes, et l&#039;\u00e9tranger consentant, encourent jusqu&#039;\u00e0 3 ans de prison et\/ou 100 000 \u00e0 1 000 000 bahts. Cessation ordonn\u00e9e, sous peine de 10 000 \u00e0 50 000 bahts par jour.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/NkJ3Wk1GODFreHdkS25wNzRUOTkvUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/159-2566-acts-beyond-company-objects-void\/\">159\/2566<\/a> (2023): \u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/5457-2560-nominee-shareholders-void\/\">5457\/2560<\/a> (2017): \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/2252-2560-corporate-veil-pierced\/\">2252\/2560<\/a> (2017): \u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e08\u0e36\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/17923-2557-foreign-funded-company\/\">17923\/2557<\/a> (2014): \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/NkJ3Wk1GODFreHdkS25wNzRUOTkvUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 19 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"step-by-step-registration-process\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step-by-Step<\/strong> Process to Register a Company in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-1-company-name-reservation-1-3-business-days\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 1: Company Name Reservation (1-3 Business Days)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The registration process begins with reserving your company name through the Department of Business Development (DBD). Key points to remember:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Submit <strong>3 alternative names<\/strong> ranked by preference<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Company name must end with \u201cLimited\u201d (\u0e08\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e14)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Names must be distinct from existing registered companies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approval typically takes 1-3 business days<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Critical timing<\/strong>: Approved names are valid for only <strong>30 days with no extension possible<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"Company Registration Process in Thailand\" class=\"wp-image-29299 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/Company-Registration-Process-in-Thailand.png\" style=\"width:600px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-2-draft-and-file-memorandum-of-association-1-2-days\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 2: Draft and File Memorandum of Association (1-2 Days)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Memorandum of Association (MOA) serves as your company\u2019s foundational document and must include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Approved company name<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Province where headquarters will be located<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Detailed business objectives<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Amount of registered capital and share structure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Names, addresses, and details of all promoters<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Registration fee for the memorandum: see the government fee list under Step 4. These are fixed sums set by ministerial regulation, not a percentage of your registered capital, so confirm the current schedule with the DBD when you file.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-3-convene-statutory-meeting-minimum-7-days-notice\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 3: Convene Statutory Meeting (Minimum 7 Days Notice)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This formal meeting is crucial for finalizing your company structure:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Required Business to Register a Company in Thailand:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Adoption of Articles of Association<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Election of initial directors and auditors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ratification of promoter expenses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Approval of share allocation and structure<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Determination of director powers and responsibilities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What the seven days actually is.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1107\/\">Section 1107<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code requires the promoters to send every subscriber a certified statutory report at least seven days <em>before the day of the meeting<\/em>. It is notice of the meeting, not a waiting period between the meeting and your filing, and a copy of the same report goes to the Registrar as soon as it has been sent to the subscribers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The three-month cliff.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1112\/\">Under section 1112<\/a>, if registration does not happen within three months of the statutory meeting the company is not formed at all, and every baht received from subscribers must be repaid in full without deduction. Directors still holding that money three months after the meeting are jointly liable to repay it with interest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>You can often skip the seven days entirely.<\/strong> Section 1111\/1 lets the directors register the memorandum and register the company together on the same day the promoters sign the memorandum, provided four things are done that day: subscribers have been found for the whole of the shares the company is to register; a statutory meeting under section 1108 is held with the promoters and all subscribers present and all of them approving its business; the promoters hand the whole of the business over to the directors; and the directors call for payment of the shares under section 1110 paragraph two and that payment is completed. Where the shareholders are all available and the money is ready, this is what turns a multi-week registration into a single filing. It is the provision most English guides to Thai company registration leave out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-4-submit-company-registration-application-1-7-days\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 4: Submit Company Registration Application (1-7 Days)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The final registration must be completed within <strong>3 months<\/strong> of the statutory meeting. Thailand\u2019s e-Registration system was withdrawn on <strong>16 January 2025<\/strong> and replaced by \u201cDBD Biz Regist\u201d, so the platform had been running for about eighteen months before the counter closed. How long a filing takes depends on who is in the company rather than on the platform. <strong>Section 1111\/1<\/strong> of the Civil and Commercial Code lets the directors register the memorandum and the company on the <strong>same day<\/strong> the promoters sign the memorandum, provided every share the company will register is subscribed, the statutory meeting is held with all promoters and subscribers present and in agreement, the promoters have handed the business over to the directors, and the share money called under Section 1110 has actually been paid. And for any company with a foreign shareholder or a foreign authorised director the evidence burden became heavier on 1 August 2026 under Order 2\/2569.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Government fees.<\/strong> The Department of Business Development publishes these in its own company registration guide. The incorporation fee is a <strong>flat sum and does not scale with your registered capital<\/strong>, which is the point most often got wrong:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Registering the company: <strong>5,000 THB<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Registration certificate: 100 THB per copy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Company affidavit: 40 THB per item certified<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Certified copy of a filed document: 50 THB per page<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Memorandum filing: 500 THB, and stamp duty: 200 THB. Neither of these two appears on the DBD list above, so treat them as indicative and confirm them when you file.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u26a0\ufe0f <strong>An older fee table is still circulating online and it is out of date.<\/strong> It charges incorporation on a sliding scale, 500 THB for every 100,000 THB of registered capital with a 250,000 THB ceiling, so on that table a company with 10 million THB of capital would pay 50,000 THB. The copy we found carries a file date of <strong>2014<\/strong>. The DBD&#8217;s current guide gives the flat 5,000 THB above, whatever your capital. If a quote you are given scales with your registered capital, ask which schedule it is based on.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-5-tax-registration-within-60-days\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 5: Tax Registration<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A company no longer applies separately for a tax ID: its 13-digit DBD registration number is also its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/corporate-tax-in-thailand\/\">tax<\/a> identification number from the day it is registered. What remains is:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Use the company registration number on tax returns, withholding certificates and invoices<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VAT registration required if annual revenue exceeds <strong>1.8 million THB<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>VAT registration must be completed within <strong>30 days<\/strong> of exceeding threshold<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-6-open-corporate-bank-account-1-5-days\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Step 6: Open Corporate Bank Account (1-5 Days)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Opening a company bank account has become increasingly challenging due to stricter banking regulations. Requirements include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Presence of the authorised directors who will sign for the account<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Complete company registration documents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Work permits may be required for foreign signatories<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Letter of recommendation from legal service provider often helpful<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"critical-areas-where-mistakes-lead-to-major-delays\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What Mistakes Cause Delays When Registering a Company in Thailand?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Document Translation and Certification Issues<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poor translation quality or improper certification is one of the most common causes of registration delays. Filings at the DBD are made in Thai, so every foreign-language document has to arrive with a Thai translation, and a document issued abroad also has to carry whatever legalisation its own issuing authority and the Thai embassy or consulate require. Most of the delay we see comes from the translation rather than the legalisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Common translation problems that cause delays:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Inconsistent name romanization across documents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Incorrect legal terminology usage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Missing official seals and stamps in translations can complicate the company registration in Thailand.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Using uncertified translators whose work gets rejected by authorities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The consequences of improper translation can be severe, potentially making the entire registration legally invalid and requiring complete resubmission.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"thai-shareholder-financial-documentation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Thai Shareholder Financial Documentation<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since <strong>1 August 2026<\/strong>, the Order of the Central Partnership and Company Registrar <strong>No. 2\/2569<\/strong> requires a company or partnership with a foreign shareholder or partner below 50 per cent, or with a foreign authorised director, to document that each Thai shareholder or partner paid the capital they subscribed from their own account. It expressly repeals two earlier orders, No. 2\/2568 of 1 December 2568 and No. 1\/2569 of 16 March 2569, and it is wider than either of them: it covers amendment filings as well as the original registration.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Incorporation: who clauses 2 and 3 cover.<\/strong> The initial-registration evidence requirements apply in either of these situations:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>A foreign shareholder or partner holds <strong>less than 50%<\/strong> of the registered capital.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>There is <strong>no foreign shareholder at all<\/strong>, but a foreign director holds sole or joint authority to sign for the company. This is the limb applicants almost never expect.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Incorporation: what has to be filed.<\/strong> The prescribed Investment Explanation Letter must be supported by the Thai investors\u2019 payment-account statements and the receiving-account evidence described below:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bank statements covering the <strong>three months preceding the subscription<\/strong>, showing withdrawals that match the contribution.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Statements of the <strong>receiving account<\/strong>, showing the money arriving from each shareholder.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The prescribed <strong>Investment Explanation Letter<\/strong>, tracing the flow of funds.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Order No. 2\/2569 prescribes documents and payment evidence. It does not itself state that every mismatch must lead to outright rejection without an opportunity to correct the filing. Reconcile the records before submission and respond to any registrar query.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Amendments use a different form.<\/strong> Clause 4 requires an Investment Confirmation Letter for the specified changes introducing foreign participation or changing previously all-Thai authorised signatories to include a foreign signatory. Clause 5 adds an Investment Explanation Letter and bank evidence of paid-up capital only where the entity was incorporated on or after 1 August 2026 and the qualifying amendment is filed within one year of incorporation. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/storage\/law\/e402a35e-d320-406c-9347-25bc89b5b741.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Read clauses 2 to 5 and the annexed forms<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Not providing enough documentation can lead to checks for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-nominee-shareholders\/\">illegal nominee arrangements<\/a>. Section 36 of the Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 reaches both sides of that arrangement: the Thai national or Thai-majority company who holds shares on a foreigner\u2019s behalf, and the foreigner who lets them. The penalty is imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both. The part that is usually left out is what follows the sentence: the court must also order the shareholding or the joint business to be unwound, and defying that order carries a further fine of 10,000 to 50,000 baht <em>for every day<\/em> the breach continues. See our guide to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-nominee-company-crackdown-2026\/\">2026 nominee enforcement campaign<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Timing and Deadline Management<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The registration process involves multiple strict deadlines that, if missed, can force you to restart portions of the process:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Name reservation<\/strong>: Valid only 30 days, no extensions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Statutory report to subscribers<\/strong>: at least 7 days before the statutory meeting (section 1107), unless everything is done on one day under section 1111\/1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Registration submission<\/strong>: Within 3 months of statutory meeting<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>VAT registration<\/strong>: within 30 days of turnover passing 1.8 million baht<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Capital and Employment Compliance<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Miscalculating <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreign-business-act\/\">capital requirements<\/a> is a frequent error that can prevent hiring foreign employees or obtaining work permits. The figure to plan around is 2 million baht of registered capital for each foreign employee you intend to put on a work permit, alongside the Thai-to-foreign employee ratio. This is the single most common thing to get wrong at registration, because the capital is fixed when the company is formed and increasing it later is a separate shareholders\u2019 resolution and a separate DBD filing. A company registered on a token capital because nobody asked about work permits has to be amended before it can make its first foreign hire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"online-only-incorporation-since-1-july-2026\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>DBD Biz Regist: New Companies Since 1 July<\/strong>, All Applications From 1 November 2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The channel changed in two stages. New partnerships and private limited companies became online-only on 1 July 2026. From 1 November 2026, every application type concerning those entities must be submitted through DBD Biz Regist, including later amendments, dissolution and liquidation filings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"what-the-department-switched-off\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Two-Stage Closure of Walk-In Filing<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The \u201cDBD Biz Regist\u201d platform has been the only route for establishing a new partnership or private limited company since <strong>1 July 2026<\/strong>. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/news\/37630092569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">later DBD announcement<\/a> completes the transition on <strong>1 November 2026<\/strong>: all application types for partnerships and private limited companies must then be filed through the platform. Paper walk-in filing will no longer be available for changes to directors or signing authority, registered office, capital or objects, or for dissolution and liquidation registrations. The platform allows:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Identity verification without flying in<\/strong>, for a foreign founder: the DBD e-Service app runs e-KYC from a photograph of your face and your passport. The alternative is to appear in person before an officer. Those are the only two channels the department lists for a foreign national<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Electronic signing<\/strong>, for a foreign founder through the DBD e-Service app or a username, password and OTP. A Thai national can also use ThaID or Paotang, and has four verification channels rather than two<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One instruction from the department catches people out, and it applies to Thai and foreign founders alike: <strong>whoever registers to use the system must verify their own identity, and verification cannot be delegated to anyone else in any case<\/strong>. A lawyer or an accountant can file for you; nobody can be you at the verification step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The announcement itself is narrower than most English summaries of it. The Lopburi Provincial Commerce Office reproduced the department\u2019s notice on <a href=\"https:\/\/lopburi.moc.go.th\/th\/content\/category\/detail\/id\/161\/iid\/166937\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29 May 2026<\/a> in these words:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>DBD \u0e22\u0e38\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e38\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e29\u0e31\u0e17\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a Walk-in (\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e14\u0e32\u0e29) \u0e17\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28 (\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48)<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In translation, the May notice ended paper walk-in filing nationwide only for establishing new partnerships and companies. The later DBD announcement removes that limitation from <strong>1 November 2026<\/strong> and covers every application type for partnerships and private limited companies. The change concerns the filing channel. It is an official administrative requirement, not an amendment to the Civil and Commercial Code or the Foreign Business Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-date-that-moved-three-times\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Date That Moved Three Times, and Why Older Guides Disagree<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Guides written at different points in 2025 and 2026 give different dates for this change, and most of them were right when they were written. The department moved the deadline three times, and each announcement was reproduced by provincial commerce offices as it was issued:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pathumthani.moc.go.th\/th\/content\/category\/detail\/id\/3536\/iid\/95526\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">17 March 2025<\/a><\/strong>: a countdown to closing walk-in business registration counters nationwide by <strong>1 July 2025<\/strong>, with counters to stay open to advise on documents and on completing the electronic forms.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/nakhonphanom.moc.go.th\/th\/content\/category\/detail\/id\/3805\/iid\/109602\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">17 June 2025<\/a><\/strong>: walk-in filing extended to the end of 2025, with Biz Regist to be the only channel from <strong>1 January 2026<\/strong>. The same notice cancelled cross-district filing of new establishments from 1 July 2025, so a new entity had to be filed in the province of its head office or online.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pathumthani.moc.go.th\/th\/content\/category\/detail\/id\/161\/iid\/111297\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">26 June 2025<\/a><\/strong>: the department confirmed that extension in its own words, moving the single-channel date from 1 July 2025 to <strong>1 January 2026<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/lopburi.moc.go.th\/th\/content\/category\/detail\/id\/161\/iid\/166937\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">29 May 2026<\/a><\/strong>: walk-in filing of new establishments ends nationwide on <strong>1 July 2026<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">So a guide that tells you the switch happened on 1 January 2026 is quoting an earlier extension. New establishments became online-only on 1 July 2026, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/news\/37630092569\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DBD\u2019s latest announcement<\/a> extends the online-only rule to all application types from 1 November 2026. File through the <a href=\"https:\/\/edbr.dbd.go.th\/Loginjuristicpage\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">DBD Biz Regist portal<\/a>. Our glossary entry for the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/dbd\/\">Department of Business Development<\/a> carries the same dates in short form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"what-the-old-rulebook-said\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What the Old Rulebook Said, and What It Means for a Foreigner<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The department has not published a rulebook for DBD Biz Regist that we can read. What it has published is the regulation governing the system Biz Regist replaced, and reading that shows which door opened for foreign founders and which one closed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/data-storage\/attachment\/de07d5ce95d843ec65c2d32d.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Central Registrar Regulation on the registration of partnerships and companies through the electronic juristic person registration system (e-Registration) B.E. 2564<\/a> came into force on <strong>8 March 2021<\/strong>. It was made under clauses 3 and 4 of the Ministerial Regulation of B.E. 2549, which is the enabling power behind every Central Registrar regulation and order in this family, including Order 2\/2569 above. Its clause 10 set out four ways to verify identity:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>In person<\/strong> before an officer with an unexpired Thai identity card, or for a foreigner an unexpired passport or an identity document issued by a Thai government body (clause 10(1.1)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>e-KYC through the system<\/strong>, and clause 10(1.2) confined that route to <strong>Thai nationals<\/strong>, using a Thai identity card and nothing else.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>An electronic certificate<\/strong> issued by a certification authority (clause 10(1.3)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A power of attorney<\/strong> given to a Thai natural person to carry out the verification instead (clause 10(1.4)).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Set that against what the department publishes for Biz Regist and two things have moved in opposite directions. A foreign founder can now verify by app, which clause 10(1.2) did not allow. And nobody can have verification done for them, which clause 10(1.4) expressly allowed. The route opened for the founder and closed for the agent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On signing, clause 4 of the same regulation defines signing as creating a Digital Signature under the law on electronic transactions, either through the username and password issued under the regulation or through the system\u2019s own identity verification. That is the reason a password and a one-time code bind you to what was filed in your name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Treat the 2564 Regulation as history rather than as the current rules. e-Registration was withdrawn on <strong>16 January 2025<\/strong>. Whether the department has since issued a positive regulation for Biz Regist, or whether the platform runs under the general Central Registrar Regulation of B.E. 2561 that clause 6 of the 2564 Regulation makes the fallback, we have not been able to establish from a published source, and this page will not guess.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"who-may-file-for-you\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Who May File for You, and What Nobody Can Do for You<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the 2564 Regulation a founder could appoint a representative to do the filing: to complete the application, lodge it, comply with the registrar\u2019s orders, pay the fee, and certify that what was filed matched the founder\u2019s intention. Clause 4 named six categories of person who could act in that role: a bookkeeper, the head of a certified accounting office, a signature certifier for public limited companies, a security enforcer, a certified public accountant, and an ordinary or extraordinary member of the Thai Bar Association.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">That is the provision a foreign founder cares about, because it is the one that puts a Thai lawyer or accountant in charge of the filing. What no representative could do then, and what the department says nobody can do now in any case, is verify your identity for you. Read together, the two rules give the practical answer. Your lawyer can do the paperwork, and you still have to show your face, to the app or to an officer. Our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/setting-up-a-company-in-thailand-foreigner\/\">setting up a company in Thailand as a foreigner<\/a> covers the choices that come before the filing, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/company-director-in-thailand-appointment-removal\/\">appointing and removing a director<\/a> covers who ends up holding the signature afterwards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"where-order-2-2569-fits\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Where Order 2\/2569 Fits, and Why a Foreign-Linked Filing Is Not a One-Day Job<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Order 2\/2569 of the Central Partnership and Company Registrar was signed on 15 July 2026 and came into force on <strong>1 August 2026<\/strong>, four weeks after the counter closed. Its scope and its documents are set out above. What matters for the channel is that those documents are <strong>uploads<\/strong>: the Investment Explanation Letter and the bank statements go into the platform with the application. That is what turns the same-day registration section 1111\/1 permits into a longer exercise for a company with a foreign shareholder or a foreign authorised director, and it is the reason the timeline depends on who is in the company rather than on the software. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/storage\/law\/e402a35e-d320-406c-9347-25bc89b5b741.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">order itself<\/a> is published by the department, and our page on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-nominee-company-crackdown-2026\/\">2026 nominee crackdown<\/a> sets it in context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do not read the digital rollout as a general loosening. For foreign-linked filings, 2026 moved the other way. Order 2\/2569, in force since 1 August 2026, adds the three-month bank statement trail, the receiving-account statements and the Investment Explanation Letter described above. The order prescribes documents and attaches no consequence to a discrepancy: its clauses contain no rejection wording and no referral wording at all. Reports that a mismatch between declared and actual transfers is refused outright describe how the requirement is being applied in practice, not what the order says.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"what-the-register-proves\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What the Register Proves, and What It Does Not<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The platform records the structure you type into it. It does not approve that structure, and two provisions of the Civil and Commercial Code set the limits.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 1023<\/strong> provides that until the contract, document or particulars that must be registered have been registered, the partners, the partnership or the company may not take advantage of them against a third person, while a third person may take advantage of them. The asymmetry is deliberate: registration exists for the protection of people dealing with the company, not for the company\u2019s own convenience. <strong>Section 1023\/1<\/strong> closes the obvious move, providing that a partnership or company may not set up section 1023 against a third person acting in good faith in order to escape liability by alleging that a partner, the partnership, the company or a director had no authority to act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two Supreme Court decisions show what that means in practice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-decisions\/159-2566-acts-beyond-company-objects-void\/\"><strong>Dika 159\/2566<\/strong><\/a> a creditor sued a company on a guarantee signed by its authorised director. The company\u2019s registered objects did not include guaranteeing another person\u2019s debt. The Court held that <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-66\/\">under section 66<\/a> a representative binds a juristic person only by acting within its objects, so the guarantee did not bind the company. It also rejected the argument that the director\u2019s signature was itself a ratification: ratification by its nature comes after the act, and if signing could be its own ratification then every act outside a company\u2019s objects would bind the company and giving juristic persons objects at all would serve no purpose. The claim against that company was dismissed. The objects you type into the platform are not boilerplate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-decisions\/17923-2557-foreign-funded-company\/\"><strong>Dika 17923\/2557<\/strong><\/a> two foreign buyers bought land and asked the court to order the seller to transfer it to a Thai limited company that would hold it in name on their behalf. The Court held that the object of the contract was expressly forbidden by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-86\">section 86 of the Land Code<\/a>, a provision of public order carrying a penalty under section 111, so the sale was <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-150\/\">void under section 150<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code. It reversed the Court of Appeal and dismissed the claim. The company was properly registered. That did not make the purchase lawful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Neither decision is about electronic filing, and that is the point. The register shows what was filed. What was filed still has to be lawful, which is why the shareholding, the objects and the signing authority deserve more thought than the platform does. Once the company exists, the next deadline is tax: see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/register-a-tax-id-number-in-thailand\/\">registering a tax ID number<\/a>, and if you are American, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/treaty-of-amity-in-thailand\/\">Treaty of Amity<\/a> route changes the ownership question entirely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"if-your-company-will-ever-hold-land\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>If Your Company Will Ever Hold Land, the 49% Rule Is Not the Only Test<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most people arrive at a 49\/51 shareholding because of the Foreign Business Act. If the company is ever going to buy land, a second and stricter statute applies, and it does not use the same test.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-9\/#section-97\">Section 97 of the Land Code<\/a> treats a limited company as a foreigner for land purposes in <em>either<\/em> of two cases: foreigners hold more than 49% of the registered capital, <strong>or<\/strong> foreigners are more than half the number of shareholders. That second limb is the one that catches people. A company with two foreign shareholders holding 49% between them and one Thai shareholder holding 51% is inside the capital limit and is still treated as a foreigner for land purposes, because two of its three shareholders are foreign and either limb of section 97 is enough on its own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 98 extends this up the chain: if a company that is foreign under section 97 holds shares in another company, that second company is foreign too. So a Thai holding company does not launder the position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The consequence is in section 94. Land acquired by a foreigner unlawfully or without permission must be disposed of within a period the Director-General fixes, which cannot be shorter than 180 days or longer than one year. Miss it and the Director-General sells the land himself. Section 96 applies the same machinery to anyone found to be holding land as owner on behalf of a foreigner or of a section 97 or section 98 company, which is the land-side mirror of the nominee offence described above.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How the courts have actually decided this.<\/strong> Three Supreme Court decisions, read in the Thai original, set the boundaries better than any summary of the rule:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Dika 6412\/2560.<\/strong> Section 86 is not an absolute bar. A foreigner may apply to the Minister of Interior for permission to hold land, and even without permission still holds the right to dispose of the land within the period the Director-General fixes under section 94. The Court drew the consequence most English guides miss: a foreigner therefore has the <em>capacity<\/em> to enter a contract to buy land, and the contract does not have to spell out an intention to seek ministerial permission. A contract of that kind is not a juristic act with an unlawful object.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dika 1038\/2538.<\/strong> A Dutch buyer had a Thai national hold title for him. Even though the acquisition contravened section 86 paragraph one, section 94 means the disposal decision belongs to the foreigner and then to the Director-General, so the registered holder had <em>no power to sell the land on her own initiative<\/em>. Selling it to a third party was an infringement of the foreigner\u2019s rights and he had standing to sue under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-55\/\">section 55 of the Civil Procedure Code<\/a>. A void acquisition is not the same thing as no interest at all.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dika 2252\/2560.<\/strong> The substance-over-the-register case. A company appeared on its share register with foreign holdings below half, but the foreign side had contributed more than half the real capital. The Court treated the company and the foreigner as carrying on land trading, a List One activity, with the result that the foreign plaintiff was not a lawful injured party and could not prosecute at all. The register is where the enquiry starts, not where it ends.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What changed at the counter in May 2026.<\/strong> The Department of Lands issued circulars to every provincial land office, led by letter no. Mor Tor 0515.2\/Wor 10722 of 15 May 2026, signed by the Director-General, directing closer scrutiny of company-held land where the Thai shareholding may be nominal. They are internal enforcement guidance: they create no new law and no new filing duty on the public. What they change is how carefully an existing rule is applied when a company registers an acquisition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">None of this stops a foreign-linked company from operating. It means the shareholding you choose at registration, and the number of shareholders as much as the percentages, decides whether the company can ever hold land in its own name. If that is part of the plan, say so before the memorandum is filed rather than after. Our page on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-company-property-restructuring\/\">restructuring a Thai company that holds property<\/a> covers what it takes to unwind it later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-value-of-expert-legal-assistance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>The Value of Expert Legal Assistance<\/strong> to Register a Company in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Navigating Thai-Language Complexities is vital when trying to register in Thailand.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Thai bureaucracy operates primarily in Thai language, and even small translation errors can derail the registration process. Legal professionals experienced in Thai company law provide invaluable assistance by:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ensuring accurate translation of all legal documents<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Understanding nuanced regulatory requirements that aren\u2019t obvious to foreign entrepreneurs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Filing in the form the registrar expects, which is what actually prevents a rejection and a second submission<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Preventing costly mistakes that could require restarting the entire process<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Understanding Cultural and Administrative Nuances<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai business culture emphasizes hierarchy, proper procedures, and relationship-building. Experienced legal counsel helps foreign entrepreneurs navigate these cultural expectations while ensuring compliance with complex regulations that can change without much notice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"risk-mitigation-and-compliance\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Risk Mitigation and Compliance<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Professional legal assistance becomes especially crucial when dealing with:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Shareholder compliance<\/strong>: Ensuring Thai shareholders meet genuine investment requirements<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Foreign Business Act compliance<\/strong>: Determining if your business activities require additional licenses<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Ongoing obligations<\/strong>: Meeting annual filing requirements and maintaining good standing<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"cost-considerations-and-planning\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cost Considerations and Planning<\/strong> to Register a Company in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond the basic registration fees, entrepreneurs should budget for comprehensive setup costs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"initial-registration-costs-for-setting-up-a-company-in-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Initial Registration Costs for setting up a company in Thailand:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The DBD fee to register the company is 5,000 THB, flat, whatever your registered capital, plus the memorandum fee and stamp duty set out in Step 4. Our company formation package is a fixed 45,000 THB and includes those government registration fees. See the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/company-registration-cost-thailand\/\">company registration cost page<\/a> for what is and is not included.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"annual-maintenance-costs\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Annual Maintenance Costs:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Work permits: 3,000 THB per foreign employee annually<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Accounting services: 5,000+ THB monthly are essential for foreign companies operating in Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mandatory auditing: 20,000-50,000 THB annually<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Corporate income tax: 20% of net profits<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"faqs-about-registration-of-a-company-in-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">FAQS About Registration of a Company in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1742322937296\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the initial steps to register a company in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>To register a company in Thailand, you must first decide on the form of business and choose a unique name of your business. Next, you need to register the memorandum of association. Then, submit an application for registration to the Department of Business Development.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1742322938986\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the difference between a Thai Company Limited and other types of business entities?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>A Thai company limited is a company whose capital is divided into shares. Section 1096 of the Civil and Commercial Code fixes the limit precisely: a shareholder\u2019s liability is limited to the amount, if any, still unpaid on the shares they hold. It is not limited to the number of shares they own. Once a share is fully paid, its holder owes the company nothing further and the company\u2019s creditors have no claim on their personal assets.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1742322939849\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How many Thai shareholders are required to register a company in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>None. Section 1097 of the Civil and Commercial Code says that any two or more persons may promote and form a limited company, and it says nothing about nationality. A company owned entirely by foreigners is registered under exactly the same provision. The Thai shareholding question belongs to a different statute answering a different question: the Foreign Business Act governs not who may form a company but which activities that company may carry on. Where the activity is restricted, the lawful answers are BOI promotion, a Foreign Business Licence or the US Treaty of Amity. Putting Thai names on the share register to reach 51% without those people genuinely investing is the one answer that is a criminal offence, under section 36 of that Act.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1742322941791\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the process for the registration of the company in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Reserve the company name, register the memorandum of association, hold the statutory meeting that adopts the articles and elects the directors, then apply to register the company. Under section 1111\/1 all of this can be done on one day if every share is subscribed and paid and all promoters and subscribers attend. VAT registration follows if turnover will pass 1.8 million baht.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1742323050863\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I register a representative office in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, but a representative office of a foreign company is a service business under List 3 of the Foreign Business Act, so it needs a licence from the Department of Business Development, and it may only carry on the non-income-earning activities that licence allows.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1742323052190\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Are there any specific requirements for directors of the company?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, the directors of the company must be individuals who are responsible for the management of the company. They can be both Thai nationals and foreigners, but it is important that they comply with local laws and regulations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1742323054043\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What are the business registration fees in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Government registration fees are separate from professional fees unless expressly included. Our standard Thai private limited company registration package is 45,000 THB, including government DBD registration fees. Visas, work permits, accounting and other structures or approval routes require separate agreement. See the <a href=\"#our-fees\">package scope and exclusions<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1742323101408\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is it necessary to open a bank account in Thailand when registering a company?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You do not have to open a corporate bank account before you register. However, having a corporate bank account is important. It allows you to handle financial transactions for the company once it starts operating.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1742323107450\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can businesses located outside of Thailand also register a company in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. A company or an individual based abroad can form a Thai company. Section 1097 of the Civil and Commercial Code requires two or more promoters and says nothing about their nationality or residence, so there is no legal requirement to appoint a Thai director, and no Thai shareholding requirement arises at the registration stage. What does apply is the Foreign Business Act, which governs the activities the company may then carry on, and the practical requirements: a registered office in Thailand, foreign documents filed with a Thai translation and whatever legalisation the issuing authority requires, and the Order 2\/2569 evidence described above where a foreigner will hold shares or sign for the company.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1789500001\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I register a Thai company without coming to Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You can do the filing from abroad, and you cannot have someone else prove who you are. The Department of Business Development lists two identity verification channels for a foreign national: e-KYC through the DBD e-Service application, which reads a photograph of your face and your passport, or appearing in person before an officer. Verification cannot be delegated to anyone else in any case, Thai or foreign. Signing is done through the same application or with a username, password and one-time code, and a Thai lawyer or accountant can prepare and lodge the application for you. What still needs someone on the ground is the corporate bank account, and any foreign document that has to be translated or legalised before it is filed.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1789500002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is paper company registration still possible in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For new establishments, no. New partnerships and private limited companies have been online-only since 1 July 2026. From 1 November 2026, the DBD will accept every application type concerning partnerships and private limited companies only through DBD Biz Regist. Paper walk-in filing will also end for amendments, director and signing-authority changes, registered-office changes, capital and object changes, dissolution and liquidation registrations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1789500003\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does DBD Biz Regist check where my Thai shareholders\u2019 money came from?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The platform is where the evidence is filed. Since 1 August 2026, Order 2\/2569 of the Central Partnership and Company Registrar requires an Investment Explanation Letter and bank statements whenever a foreign shareholder holds less than 50% of the registered capital, or there is no foreign shareholder but a foreign director can sign for the company. Each Thai shareholder files three months of statements from the account the share money was paid from, and the managing partner or director files statements from the account that received it. Those documents are uploaded with the application. The order prescribes the documents; it says nothing about what happens if they do not match.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-company-package-exclusions\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does 45,000 THB include a visa, work permit and accounting?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>These are not automatically included in the standard registration package. Tell us what you need so we can confirm each service\u2019s scope, fees and timing before payment.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-company-other-structures\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does the same fee cover a branch or representative office?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. The published package concerns a standard Thai private limited company. Other structures and approval routes require a separate assessment and quotation.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"conclusion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Registering a company in Thailand requires meticulous attention to detail, proper documentation, and adherence to strict timelines. Even though digital systems have made the process easier, Thai regulations are still complex. Mistakes can have serious consequences, so getting help from a lawyer is very important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The key to successful registration lies in thorough preparation, understanding cultural expectations, and ensuring all documentation meets Thai legal standards. With good planning and expert help, foreign entrepreneurs can start their Thai companies. They can also navigate the company registration process easily.&nbsp;They can start building successful businesses in one of Southeast Asia\u2019s most active economies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Remember that registering your company is just the start. You also need to keep up with ongoing obligations. Understanding tax requirements is important too. Navigating employment laws is key for long-term business success in Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dbd.go.th\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Business Development<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How much does it cost?<\/strong> See the full <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/company-registration-cost-thailand\/\">company registration cost breakdown (2026)<\/a> or all our fixed fees on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legal-fees\/\">legal fees page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"our-fees\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Our company registration fee<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our standard Thai private limited company registration package costs <strong>45,000 THB<\/strong>, including government DBD registration fees. Before payment, we confirm the proposed activities, ownership, registered office and work included.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Item<\/th><th>Scope<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Standard registration<\/td><td>Company-name reservation, preparation of registration documents and filing with the Department of Business Development<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Government DBD registration fees<\/td><td>Included in the 45,000 THB package<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Estimated registration period<\/td><td>14 to 21 business days after confirmed payment and receipt of a complete, acceptable file<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Work requiring separate agreement<\/td><td>Branch or representative-office formation, BOI applications, foreign-business permissions, Treaty of Amity work, visas, work permits, ongoing accounting and activity-specific licences<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This estimate covers the agreed registration work. It does not promise that banking, tax registrations, licences and immigration arrangements will all be completed within the same period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What to send before we confirm the scope<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tell us what the business will do, who will own and fund it, each shareholder\u2019s nationality and percentage, the proposed directors, registered-office location and intended starting date. Explain whether any foreign nationals intend to work for the company.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For registration preparation, we also need three proposed company names, identification details, capital and share allocations, signing powers and the relevant office documents. We confirm any further evidence needed for your filing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you need advice before choosing the structure, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/book-consultation\/\">book a business consultation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>The company registration package covers the scope described above. For other services, see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/pricing\/\">all our fees<\/a>. We confirm any additional work and charges before you commit.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DBD filing becomes fully online on 1 November 2026 From 1 November 2026, the Department of Business Development will accept [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":604,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-10-31\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"register company thailand","rank_math_title":"Company Registration Thailand: Process, Fees &amp; Documents","rank_math_description":"Register a Thai private limited company with a 45,000 THB package including DBD registration fees. Check documents, timing and services quoted separately.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Register Company Thailand","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-218","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=218"}],"version-history":[{"count":42,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12417,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/218\/revisions\/12417"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=218"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}