{"id":2449,"date":"2026-06-22T11:25:36","date_gmt":"2026-06-22T04:25:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/promissory-note-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-10-19T13:20:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-19T06:20:23","slug":"promissory-note-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/promissory-note-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You lent a friend 500,000 baht. He signed a paper that says &#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/promissory-note\/\">promissory note<\/a>&#8221; and promised to pay you back. Is that worth anything in a Thai court? Yes. And in some ways it is stronger than a loan contract. But it carries one trap that catches lenders out every year.\n\nA promissory note in Thailand (\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19) is a negotiable instrument. The law treats it very differently from an ordinary <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/loan-agreement\/\">loan agreement<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#download-promissory\">Download the bilingual Promissory Note template \u00b7 \u0e14\u0e32\u0e27\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e42\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e14\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-a-promissory-note-is-under-thai-law\">What a promissory note is under Thai law<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#promissory-note-vs-loan-agreement\">Promissory note vs loan agreement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-three-year-trap\">The three-year trap<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#interest-the-15-ceiling\">Interest: the 15% ceiling<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#stamp-duty-3-baht-that-can-sink-your-case\">Stamp duty: 3 baht that can sink your case<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#aval-a-guarantee-written-on-the-note\">Aval: a guarantee written on the note<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#transferring-the-note\">Transferring the note<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#if-the-maker-does-not-pay\">If the maker does not pay<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#common-mistakes-we-see\">Common mistakes we see<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-thailawonline-can-help\">How ThaiLawOnline can help<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"download-promissory\">Download the bilingual Promissory Note template \u00b7 \u0e14\u0e32\u0e27\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e42\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e14\u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f5f7fb;border:1px solid #e6eaf1;border-radius:14px;padding:20px 22px;margin:14px 0 22px\">\n<p style=\"color:#33485c;font-size:15px;line-height:1.6;margin:0 0 14px\">A one-page bilingual note (EN\/TH) with all <strong>seven particulars required by Section 983<\/strong>, a stamp-duty box, an <strong>aval (guarantee) section<\/strong>, a corporate signing block, a payment-record page, and a plain-language how-to guide. You get an editable <strong>Word file<\/strong> and a print-ready <strong>PDF<\/strong>. The small legal references printed on it are educational, you may delete them (or one of the two languages) before signing.\n<span style=\"color:#7a8694;font-size:13.5px\">\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 982 \u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e25\u0e37\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 3 \u0e1b\u0e35 (\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1001) \u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e19\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19<\/span><\/p>\n<!-- tlo-template-promo:promissory-note -->\n<div style=\"border:2px solid #C9A25C;border-radius:12px;padding:22px 24px;margin:28px 0;background:#fbf8f1\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 6px;font-size:13px;letter-spacing:1px;color:#9a772a;font-weight:700\">DOWNLOAD, LAWYER-DRAFTED TEMPLATE<\/p>\n<h3 style=\"margin:0 0 8px\">Promissory Note Template (Thailand), Bilingual English-Thai, Two Variants + Guarantee<\/h3>\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 10px\">Ready to sign in minutes: fixed-date and payable-on-demand variants with every element Thai law requires, an optional aval (guarantee) block, a part-payment record, and plain-language instructions in English and Thai, including the stamp-duty step and the three-year deadline most lenders miss. Word + print-ready PDF, instant download. \u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32 \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2d\u0e18\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08\u0e07\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin:0\"><a class=\"button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/promissory-note-template-bilingual-en-th\/\" style=\"background:#16202E;color:#fff;padding:10px 18px;border-radius:8px;text-decoration:none;font-weight:600\">Get the Promissory Note \u0e3f390<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/loan-agreement-template-bilingual-en-th\/\" style=\"color:#16202E\">Need instalments? Loan Agreement \u0e3f590 \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/tlo-template-promo -->\n\n<div style=\"display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:12px;align-items:center\">\n<div style=\"flex:1 1 190px\">\n<div style=\"font-size:30px;font-weight:700;color:#0f2542;line-height:1.1\">\u0e3f390<span style=\"font-size:13px;color:#5d6675;font-weight:400\"> one-off \u00b7 \u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27<\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"color:#1d7a5f;font-weight:600;font-size:13px\">Free for Silver members &amp; above \u00b7 \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01 Silver \u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<a href=\"\/explaining-our-membership\/\" style=\"flex:1 1 190px;text-align:center;background:#0f2542;color:#fff;font-weight:600;padding:13px;border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none\">Join Silver, free \u00b7 \u0e2a\u0e21\u0e31\u0e04\u0e23 Silver<\/a><a href=\"\/cart\/?add-to-cart=2545\" style=\"flex:1 1 190px;text-align:center;background:#c2a25a;color:#3a2c08;font-weight:600;padding:13px;border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none\">Buy once \u0e3f390 \u00b7 \u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27<\/a><\/div>\n\n<p style=\"color:#7a8694;font-size:13px;margin:14px 0 0\">Gold members can have a lawyer prepare or review it; an AI Document Maker is coming soon. Prefer it fully lawyer-prepared? <a href=\"\/contact-us\/\">Contact us<\/a>. Not legal advice. \u00b7 \u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01 Gold \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\/\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d AI \u0e40\u0e23\u0e47\u0e27 \u0e46 \u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-a-promissory-note-is-under-thai-law\">What a promissory note is under Thai law<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai law puts promissory notes in the &#8220;Bills&#8221; title of the<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">. Section 898 lists three kinds of bills: the bill of exchange, the promissory note, and the cheque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"\/thai-civil-code\/section-982\/\">Section 982<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">gives the definition. The maker promises, unconditionally, to pay a fixed sum of money to the payee, or to that person&#8217;s order. The key word is &#8220;order.&#8221; The note can be passed to someone else by endorsement, and the new holder can then demand payment. That is what &#8220;negotiable&#8221; means. A loan contract cannot do that on its own.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-seven-things-a-valid-note-must-contain\">The seven things a valid note must contain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"\/thai-civil-code\/section-983\/\">Section 983<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">lists seven required particulars:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The words &#8220;promissory note&#8221; (\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19) on the document itself;<\/li>\n\n<li>An unconditional promise to pay a definite sum of money;<\/li>\n\n<li>The maturity date, the day payment is due;<\/li>\n\n<li>The place of payment;<\/li>\n\n<li>The name or trade name of the payee;<\/li>\n\n<li>The date and place where the note is issued;<\/li>\n\n<li>The signature of the maker.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"\/thai-civil-code\/section-984\/\">Section 984<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">forgives some omissions: a note with no maturity date is payable at sight; if the place of payment or issue is missing, the maker&#8217;s domicile is used; a missing issue date may be written in by a holder in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/good-faith\/\">good faith<\/a>. Do not rely on these defaults. Fill in every box, blanks are where disputes start.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 982<\/h3><p>A promissory note is a written instrument by which one person, the maker, promises to pay a sum of money to another person, the payee, or to that person&#039;s order. It differs from a bill of exchange in having two parties rather than three: the maker promises to pay himself, instead of ordering someone else to pay.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A promissory note is a written instrument by which one person, called the maker, promises to pay a sum of money to another person, or to the order of another person, called the payee.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-982\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 983<\/h3><p>This section lists the seven particulars a promissory note must contain: the words promissory note, an unconditional promise to pay a certain sum, the date of maturity, the place of payment, the name or business name of the payee, the date and place of issue, and the maker&#039;s signature. Section 984 governs what happens when one of them is missing, and several omissions are cured rather than fatal.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A promissory note must contain the following particulars: (1) the term &quot;promissory note&quot;; (2) an unconditional promise to pay a certain sum of money; (3) the date of maturity; (4) the place of payment; (5) the name or business name of the payee; (6) the date and place of issue of the promissory note; (7) the signature of the maker.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-983\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1001<\/h3><p>No action against the acceptor of a bill of exchange, or against the maker of a promissory note, may be brought after three years from the date of maturity.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">No action against the acceptor of a bill of exchange, or against the maker of a promissory note, may be brought after three years from the date of maturity.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1001\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 984<\/h3><p>An instrument lacking any particular required by Section 983 is not valid as a promissory note, but four omissions are cured by this section instead. A note with no time of payment is payable at sight; with no place of payment, the maker&#039;s domicile applies; with no place of issue, it is deemed issued at the maker&#039;s domicile; and a lawful holder acting in good faith may insert a missing date of issue, provided the date inserted is the true one.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An instrument which lacks any of the particulars required by the preceding Section is not valid as a promissory note, except in the following cases. A promissory note in which the time of payment is not stated is deemed payable at sight. If the place of payment is not stated, the domicile of the maker is deemed to be the place of payment. If the note does not state the place of issue, it is deemed to have been issued at the domicile of the maker. If the date of issue is not stated, any lawful holder acting in good faith may insert the true date.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-984\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 985<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The following provisions of Chapter 2 concerning bills of exchange apply to promissory notes, so far as they are not inconsistent with the nature of that instrument: Sections 911, 913, 916, 917, 919, 920, 922 to 926, 938 to 947, 949, 950, 954 to 959, and 967 to 971. In the case of a promissory note issued abroad, Sections 960 to 964, 973 and 974 also apply.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-985\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 940<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The giver of an aval is bound in the same manner as the person for whom he has given it. His undertaking is valid even if the liability he has guaranteed is invalid for any reason other than a defect of form. When the giver of an aval pays the bill of exchange, he acquires the rights arising out of it against the person for whom he gave the aval, and against those who are liable to that person.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-940\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 654<\/h3><p>Interest on a money loan may not exceed 15% per annum. Any excess is reduced to fifteen per cent per annum. Charging above the limit is separately an offence under the Act on Loans of Money Carrying Interest Beyond the Permitted Rate.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Interest may not be charged at a rate exceeding fifteen per cent per annum. If the contract fixes interest at a higher rate, it shall be reduced to fifteen per cent per annum.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-654\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 118 <small>Revenue Code<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Where an instrument is not fully stamped, its original, counterpart, counterfoil or copy cannot be used as evidence in a civil case until duty has been paid by affixing stamps in the full amount at the rates in the schedule at the end of this Chapter and cancelling them. This does not, however, impair the right to demand the surcharge on duty under Section 113 and Section 114.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UlRsZkRZZGI0RkVYeUh3ZEFyaS9tUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 982<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-982\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 983<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d(\u0e51) \u0e04\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19(\u0e52) \u0e04\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e28\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e19\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19(\u0e53) \u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19(\u0e54) \u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19(\u0e55) \u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19(\u0e56) \u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19(\u0e57) \u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-983\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1001<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e46 \u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1001\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 984<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e15\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e36\u0e07\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e20\u0e39\u0e21\u0e34\u0e25\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01 \u0e13 \u0e20\u0e39\u0e21\u0e34\u0e25\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15\u0e08\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-984\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 985<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14 \u0e52 \u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e59\u0e51\u0e51 \u0e59\u0e51\u0e53 \u0e59\u0e51\u0e56 \u0e59\u0e51\u0e57 \u0e59\u0e51\u0e59 \u0e59\u0e52\u0e50 \u0e59\u0e52\u0e52 \u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 \u0e59\u0e52\u0e56 \u0e59\u0e53\u0e58 \u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 \u0e59\u0e54\u0e57 \u0e59\u0e54\u0e59 \u0e59\u0e55\u0e50 \u0e59\u0e55\u0e54 \u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 \u0e59\u0e55\u0e59 \u0e59\u0e56\u0e57 \u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 \u0e59\u0e57\u0e51\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e59\u0e56\u0e50 \u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 \u0e59\u0e56\u0e54 \u0e59\u0e57\u0e53 \u0e59\u0e57\u0e54<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-985\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 940<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e21\u0e49\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e4b\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e25\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-940\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 654<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e14\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e35<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-654\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 118 <small>\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e23\u0e31\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e09\u0e35\u0e01 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e08\u0e19\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e27\u0e14\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e02\u0e35\u0e14\u0e06\u0e48\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27  \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e51\u0e53 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e51\u0e54<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UlRsZkRZZGI0RkVYeUh3ZEFyaS9tUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 982<\/h3><p>Le billet \u00e0 ordre est un \u00e9crit par lequel une personne, le souscripteur, promet de payer une somme d&#039;argent \u00e0 une autre personne, le b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire, ou \u00e0 son ordre.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-982\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 983<\/h3><p>Mentions obligatoires du billet \u00e0 ordre : (1) sa d\u00e9nomination; (2) promesse inconditionnelle de payer une somme d\u00e9termin\u00e9e; (3) \u00e9ch\u00e9ance; (4) lieu de paiement; (5) nom ou raison sociale du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire; (6) date et lieu de cr\u00e9ation; (7) signature du souscripteur.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-983\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1001<\/h3><p>L&#039;action contre l&#039;accepteur d&#039;une lettre de change ou le souscripteur d&#039;un billet \u00e0 ordre se prescrit par trois ans \u00e0 compter de l&#039;\u00e9ch\u00e9ance de l&#039;effet.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1001\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 984<\/h3><p>Un titre incomplet n&#039;est pas un billet \u00e0 ordre, sauf : sans \u00e9ch\u00e9ance, payable \u00e0 vue; sans lieu de paiement ou de cr\u00e9ation, le domicile du souscripteur en tient lieu; sans date, tout porteur l\u00e9gitime de bonne foi peut inscrire la date exacte.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-984\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 985<\/h3><p>S&#039;appliquent au billet \u00e0 ordre, si compatibles, les articles 911, 913, 916, 917, 919, 920, 922 \u00e0 926, 938 \u00e0 947, 949, 950, 954 \u00e0 959, 967 \u00e0 971; s&#039;il est \u00e9mis \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9tranger, aussi 960 \u00e0 964, 973, 974.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-985\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 940<\/h3><p>L&#039;avaliseur est tenu comme la personne qu&#039;il garantit. Son engagement reste valable m\u00eame si l&#039;obligation garantie est nulle pour toute cause autre qu&#039;un vice de forme. Apr\u00e8s avoir pay\u00e9 la lettre de change, il a recours contre la personne garantie et ceux qui r\u00e9pondent envers elle.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-940\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 654<\/h3><p>L&#039;int\u00e9r\u00eat ne peut d\u00e9passer 15 % par an; un taux contractuel sup\u00e9rieur est r\u00e9duit \u00e0 15 % par an.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-654\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 118 <small>Revenue Code<\/small><\/h3><p>Un acte insuffisamment timbr\u00e9, qu&#039;il s&#039;agisse de l&#039;original, du duplicata, de la souche ou d&#039;une copie, ne peut servir de preuve en mati\u00e8re civile avant paiement int\u00e9gral du droit par timbres oblit\u00e9r\u00e9s, sans pr\u00e9judice de la majoration pr\u00e9vue aux articles 113 et 114.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UlRsZkRZZGI0RkVYeUh3ZEFyaS9tUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/UlRsZkRZZGI0RkVYeUh3ZEFyaS9tUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Revenue Code<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 2 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"promissory-note-vs-loan-agreement\">Promissory note vs loan agreement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">People use the two terms as if they are the same. They are not. A<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"\/loan-agreement-in-thailand\/\">loan agreement<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">is a contract. A promissory note is a one-sided instrument that travels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Feature<\/th>\n<th>Loan Agreement<\/th>\n<th>Promissory Note<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>Governing law<\/td>\n<td>CCC Sections 650-656<\/td>\n<td>CCC Sections 982-986<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Nature<\/td>\n<td>Two-party contract<\/td>\n<td>Negotiable instrument<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Transfer to third party<\/td>\n<td>Not by itself<\/td>\n<td>Yes, by endorsement<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Time limit to sue<\/td>\n<td>Ten years (s.193\/30)<\/td>\n<td>Three years (s.1001)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Guarantee<\/td>\n<td>Separate suretyship contract<\/td>\n<td>Aval signed on the note (s.938-940)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Proof needed<\/td>\n<td>Writing if over 2,000 baht (<a href=\"\/thai-civil-code\/section-653\/\">s.653<\/a>)<\/td>\n<td>The note itself<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-three-year-trap\">The three-year trap<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the part that costs people money. Under<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"\/thai-civil-code\/section-1001\/\">Section 1001<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">, a claim against the maker is barred after<\/p>\n\n\n\n<strong>three years from the maturity date<\/strong>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">. A loan agreement gives you ten. We have seen lenders lose the right to sue while waiting politely on repeated promises to pay.\n\nIf you hold a note, diarise the maturity date the day you receive it. Send a written demand early, and file well before the three years run out. If your note is payable at sight (no maturity date), do not let it sleep in a drawer, present it for payment and start the clock on your own terms.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"interest-the-15-ceiling\">Interest: the 15% ceiling<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Any interest written on the note must not exceed<\/p>\n\n\n\n<strong>15% per year<\/strong>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"\/thai-civil-code\/section-654\/\">Section 654<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">) where the note is really the paperwork for a loan, which is the usual case between individuals. Although section 654 itself says an excessive rate is reduced to 15%, charging more is an offence under the Prohibition of Charging Excessive Interest Act B.E. 2560 (2017), and the courts treat an interest agreement that breaks that Act as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/void-and-voidable\/\">void<\/a> under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-150\/\">Civil and Commercial Code section 150<\/a>: the lender keeps the principal, with statutory interest once the borrower defaults, and loses the agreed interest. The ceiling does not bind a note that is not a loan: interest written on a note is agreed under sections 911 and 985, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> has upheld 16% on a note (decision 1783\/2551) and discounts above 15% on notes and cheques sold for cash (decisions 2169\/2538 and 4300\/2567). If your note records a loan, stay at or below 15% a year.\n\nIf the note says nothing about interest, no interest runs before maturity; from the maturity date the holder can claim 5% a year (sections 968(2) and 985).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"stamp-duty-3-baht-that-can-sink-your-case\">Stamp duty: 3 baht that can sink your case<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A promissory note carries a flat<\/p>\n\n\n\n<strong>3-baht <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/property-transfer-taxes\/\">stamp duty<\/a><\/strong>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">under item 9(2) of the Stamp Duty Schedule of the Revenue Code. The maker is the person liable, and the stamp must be cancelled (crossed out) once affixed.\n\nSkip it and the note cannot be used as evidence in a Thai civil court until the full duty has been stamped and cancelled (Revenue Code section 118); a surcharge is added on top of the duty: nothing if you present the note to the Revenue Department within 15 days, then twice the duty (minimum 4 baht) within 90 days and five times (minimum 10 baht) after that, or six times (minimum 25 baht) if an official finds it unstamped (sections 113 and 114). On a 3-baht note that is 25 baht at most. Three baht at signing, or a fight about admissibility at trial. Stamp it on day one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aval-a-guarantee-written-on-the-note\">Aval: a guarantee written on the note<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A third person can guarantee payment by writing &#8220;good as aval&#8221; (\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e27\u0e31\u0e25) on the note and signing it. The aval rules for bills of exchange (Sections 938-940) apply to promissory notes through Section 985. The avaliseur is bound in the same manner as the maker: you can sue the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/suretyship\/\">guarantor<\/a> directly on the instrument, without a separate suretyship contract.\n\nFor any significant sum, ask for an aval from a solvent guarantor. It is one signature, and it doubles the pool of people who owe you the money.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"transferring-the-note\">Transferring the note<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The payee can transfer the note by<\/p>\n\n\n\n<strong>endorsement<\/strong>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">: signing on the back and delivering it to the new holder. The new holder acquires the right to demand payment in their own name. This is what makes a promissory note useful in business, it can settle a debt, secure a deal, or be discounted for cash.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"if-the-maker-does-not-pay\">If the maker does not pay<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Check the dates.<\/strong> Confirm the maturity date and how much of the three years remains.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Send a written demand.<\/strong> A lawyer&#8217;s demand letter, with a short deadline, resolves many notes without court.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Fix the stamp duty<\/strong> if it was never paid, before you file, not after the other side objects.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Sue on the note.<\/strong> The original instrument is your evidence. Claims up to 300,000 baht can proceed as small claims (\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e42\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e40\u0e23\u0e48); larger claims go to the ordinary civil court.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"common-mistakes-we-see\">Common mistakes we see<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>No maturity date, then confusion about when the three years started.<\/li>\n\n<li>Interest at 2% or 3% <em>per month<\/em> on a note given for a loan: the whole interest clause dies in court.<\/li>\n\n<li>No 3-baht stamp, discovered by the other side&#8217;s lawyer at trial.<\/li>\n\n<li>Paying in instalments without recording them on the note, or paying in full without taking the original back.<\/li>\n\n<li>A company &#8220;maker&#8221; signed by someone who is not the authorized <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/director\/\">director<\/a>, without the company seal.<\/li>\n\n<li>Waiting past the three years on friendly promises to pay next month.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 27 September 2026.<\/strong> Civil and Commercial Code sections 7, 150, 224, 653, 654, 898, 911, 982 to 985 and 1001 were read in Thai, as were Supreme Court decisions 1783\/2551, 2169\/2538 and 4300\/2567. The stamp duty rules (Revenue Code sections 113, 114 and 118 and Schedule item 9) were read in the Revenue Department&#8217;s English text. Re-checked on 6 October 2026: Civil and Commercial Code sections 984 and 1001 and Revenue Code sections 113, 114, 118 and Schedule item 9(2) read in Thai; the surcharge is now stated by tier (the old &#8216;up to six times the duty&#8217; missed the 25-baht minimum); the small-claims threshold and the template were not re-read.<\/p>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000000\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is a promissory note the same as a loan agreement?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. A loan agreement is a contract between two parties. A promissory note is a negotiable instrument that can be transferred to a third party by endorsement.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000001\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How long do I have to sue on a promissory note?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Three years from the maturity date (Section 1001). A loan agreement gives ten years.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What must a valid note contain?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The seven items of Section 983: the words &#8220;promissory note&#8221;, an unconditional promise to pay a definite sum, the maturity date, the place of payment, the payee&#8217;s name, the date and place of issue, and the maker&#8217;s signature.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000003\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What if there is no maturity date on the note?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Under Section 984 the note is payable at sight, the holder can demand payment at any time. It is still better practice to state a date, so the limitation period is beyond argument.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000004\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What if no interest rate is written?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No interest runs before maturity, but from the maturity date you can claim 5% a year (sections 968(2) and 985).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000005\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a foreigner sign or hold one?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. A foreigner can be the maker or the payee. Use a bilingual note so both sides, and later a Thai judge, read the same thing.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000006\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can the note be in English only, or Thai only?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Either is valid. A Thai-only note works directly in court. An English-only note is valid too, but you will need a certified Thai translation to sue on it. Our template is bilingual; you may delete one language if both parties prefer.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000007\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does it need stamp duty?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, 3 baht, paid by the maker, stamp cancelled. An unstamped note cannot be used as evidence in a civil case until the duty is stamped and cancelled (Revenue Code section 118), and a small surcharge is added, at most 25 baht on a 3-baht note (sections 113 and 114).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000008\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a promissory note be signed electronically?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Sign it in wet ink on paper. Enforcement depends on producing the original instrument, and Thai court practice with electronic bills is not settled ground you want to test with your own money.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-thailawonline-can-help\">How ThaiLawOnline can help<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We draft bilingual promissory notes and loan documents that hold up in a Thai court, add aval and security where the sum justifies it, and enforce unpaid notes, demand letter to judgment. Start with our<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"\/loan-agreement-in-thailand\/\">loan and lending documents<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">, become a member to download templates, or<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"\/contact-us\/\">contact our team<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<em>General legal information, not legal advice. Speak to a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/licensed-thai-lawyer\/\">licensed Thai lawyer<\/a> before acting.<\/em>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You lent a friend 500,000 baht. He signed a paper that says &#8220;promissory note&#8221; and promised to pay you back. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-02\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"promissory note in thailand","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"You lent a friend 500,000 baht. He signed a paper that says \"promissory note\" and promised to pay you back. Is that worth anything in a Thai court? Yes.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Promissory Note in Thailand","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-2449","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2449","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2449"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2449\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12470,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2449\/revisions\/12470"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2449"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}