{"id":246,"date":"2024-01-08T17:22:38","date_gmt":"2024-01-08T10:22:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T17:19:35","modified_gmt":"2026-11-02T10:19:35","slug":"what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Last reviewed: 22 September 2026. Read in Thai against the Civil Procedure Code: sections 60 and 61 (appointing a lawyer), 150 and 151 (court fees on appeal and refunds), 155 to 156\/1 (fee exemption), 177 (the fifteen days to answer), 189 and 190\/4 (petty cases and their 1,000 baht fee cap), 228(1), 247 (permission to appeal to the Supreme Court) and 253 (security for costs). The 300,000 baht petty-case threshold is consistent with Supreme Court Decision 9500\/2556, which applies the Royal Decree B.E. 2546. Not verified in this review: the rates in Tables 1 and 6 annexed to the Code, section 27 of the Labour Court Act, section 18 of the Consumer Case Procedure Act, and the case-duration regulation of the Courts of Justice. Re-checked on 5 October 2026: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-61\/\">section 61 of the Civil Procedure Code<\/a> (this site&#8217;s statute library), section 27 of the Labour Court Act B.E. 2522 and section 18 of the Consumer Case Procedure Act B.E. 2551 (Council of State consolidated text) read in Thai; the consumer exemption now lists all the grounds on which the court can order the fees paid. Still unverified: Tables 1 and 6 (no copy of the annexed tables in this firm&#8217;s stores) and the case-duration regulation. Re-checked on 6 October 2026: the case-duration regulation of 18 January 2023 read in its Royal Gazette text (volume 140, part 5 Kor, pages 8 to 13); every period stated below matches clauses 4 to 19, and the six-month target for a criminal case with a defendant in custody, which was missing, has been added; Tables 1 and 6 remain unverified.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"tlo-hublink wp-block-paragraph\">For what leads up to a hearing, see our overview of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/criminal-law-thailand\/\">criminal law in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#1-codified-system\">Codified system<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#2-mediation-and-conciliation-are-prioritized-very-important-to-know\">Mediation and conciliation are prioritized, Very important to know<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#3-documents-must-be-signed-so-a-thai-lawyer-can-represent-you\">Documents must be signed so a Thai lawyer can represent you<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-court-fees\">Court fees<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#small-claims-cases\">Small claims: a procedure, not a separate court<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-long-a-case-takes\">How long a case takes<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#5-dresscode-what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\">Dresscode, What to Know Before you Go to Court in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#6-foreigners-need-interpreters\">Foreigners need interpreters<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#civil-litigation-in-thailand\">Civil Litigation in Thailand: What the Process Looks Like<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Do you have to go to Court in Thailand? If yes, this text can help you. The Thai legal system is a unique blend of traditional Thai customs and Western legal principles. Before making a mistake, you should learn about what to know before you go to Court in Thailand. Thailand\u2019s legal system rests on a civil law foundation: the law is codified in written statutes rather than built from judge-made precedent, which is the difference that catches most Western clients out. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-legal-system-explained\/\">guide to the Thai legal system<\/a> explains what that changes in practice. Courtroom etiquette is strict, down to how you sit, and the section on dress code below explains it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\" id=\"going-to-court-in-Thailand\"><img decoding=\"async\" alt=\"Example of a court to show that people have to do for going to court in Thailand\" class=\"wp-image-11014 tlo-responsive-img\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/What-You-Need-to-Know-Before-You-go-to-Court-in-Thailand.webp\" style=\"object-fit: cover; width: 400px; height: auto;\" title=\"going to court in Thailand\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">Example of a Thai Court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1-codified-system\">Codified system<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In Thailand, the legal system is based on written laws. These laws are carefully recorded and easy for the public to access. The Constitution is the foundation of our legal system. Acts and statutes are also important but come after it. This hierarchical structure ensures that all legal provisions are in harmony with the fundamental principles enshrined in the Constitution.\n\nThe Thai legal system has three main levels. These are the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-of-first-instance\/\">Court of First Instance<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-of-appeal\/\">Court of Appeal<\/a>, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> (also known as the Dika Court).\nAlongside them sit specialised courts, among them the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/family-court\/\">Juvenile and Family Courts<\/a>, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/labour-court\/\">Labour Courts<\/a>, the Tax Court, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/bankruptcy\/\">Bankruptcy Court<\/a> and the Intellectual Property and International Trade Court. Disputes with the state go to a separate system, the Administrative Courts, which are not part of the Courts of Justice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"2-mediation-and-conciliation-are-prioritized-very-important-to-know\">Mediation and conciliation are prioritized, Very important to know<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One should be aware that the Thai legal process emphasizes mediation and reconciliation, particularly in civil disputes. Litigation can be a lengthy process, so alternative dispute resolution methods are often encouraged. Before you go to court in Thailand, you should know they will try to settle things. They want to mediate and help both sides agree. They also want to avoid losing face.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"3-documents-must-be-signed-so-a-thai-lawyer-can-represent-you\">Documents must be signed so a Thai lawyer can represent you<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Representation by a Thai lawyer in court requires signing a \u201clawyer\u2019s appointment\u201d document. You also need to provide copies of your identification. This formalizes the attorney-client relationship and authorizes the lawyer to act on the client\u2019s behalf.\n\nClients sign and date the appointment, a form of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/power-of-attorney\/\">power of attorney<\/a>, with the name of the lawyer left blank, and provide a copy of their passport. The signed appointment is what the law requires: under Section 61 of the Civil Procedure Code, the appointment of a lawyer must be in writing, signed by the client and by the lawyer, and filed with the court, and it is valid only for the case in which it is filed.\n\nKeeping the document blank lets the firm update or change the appointed attorney easily. This means no new signatures are needed if schedules or workloads change. For example, if another lawyer from our office needs to take over, it can be done smoothly. If the form is fully completed ahead of time, any changes would require new paperwork. This means clients would have to sign again, which can cause delays.\n\nThis process is safe. Every attorney is registered with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/lawyers-council-of-thailand\/\">Lawyers Council of Thailand<\/a>. The power of attorney is only for legal representation. It cannot be used to withdraw funds from a bank account, conduct real estate transactions or serve any other purpose. By signing a blank power of attorney at the start, clients help us work better. This allows us to provide smooth service during their case.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 61<\/h3><p>To appoint a lawyer for a case, the appointment must be in writing, signed by both the client and the lawyer, and filed with the court in the case file. This letter of appointment covers only that one case. A lawyer who holds a general power of attorney to act in any case may file a copy of that general power instead, to conduct each case.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The appointment of an attorney must be made in writing, signed by the party and the attorney, and filed with the court to be included in the case file. This letter of attorney appointment is valid only for the particular case for which it has been filed. Where an attorney has been given a general power of attorney to represent another person in any case, that attorney shall produce the general power of attorney and file a copy of it with the court in place of the letter of attorney appointment, in order to conduct each case, in accordance with this section.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-61\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 46<\/h3><p>Court proceedings and the case file must be in Thai, written in ink, typed, or printed, with corrections struck through rather than erased. If a document is in a foreign language, the court must order the party filing it to provide a certified Thai translation, in whole or of the essential parts. If a party or person cannot understand Thai, or is mute or deaf and cannot read or write, the party concerned must arrange an interpreter.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">All proceedings relating to the trial and adjudication of civil cases that are conducted by the court shall be done in the Thai language. All pleadings and documents or papers of any kind whatsoever made by the parties, the court, or court officials which form the case file shall be written in the Thai language and written in ink, typewritten, or printed. If there is any error or omission, it shall not be erased; instead it shall be struck through and rewritten, and the writer must sign at the margin of the paper. If there is any interlineation, the person making it shall sign or initial it as authentication. If the original of a document or paper of any kind whatsoever submitted to the court has been made in a foreign language, the court shall order the party submitting it to provide a translation of the whole or only of the essential parts, together with a certification, to be filed and attached to the original. If any party or any person appearing before the court does not understand the Thai language, or is mute or deaf and cannot read or write, the party concerned shall provide an interpreter.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-46\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 177<\/h3><p>A defendant must file a written answer within fifteen days of being served, clearly admitting or denying each of the plaintiff&#039;s claims and giving reasons. The defendant may add a counterclaim in the answer, but only if it relates to the original claim, otherwise it must be filed as a separate case.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">When the summons and the complaint have been served on the defendant, the defendant shall make a written answer and file it with the court within fifteen days. The defendant shall state clearly in the answer whether the defendant admits or denies the plaintiff&#039;s allegations in whole or in part, together with the grounds therefor. The defendant may bring a counterclaim in the answer, but if the counterclaim is a separate matter unconnected with the original complaint, the court shall order the defendant to file it as a separate case. The court shall examine the answer and order that it be accepted, returned, or refused as provided in Section 18. The provisions of this Section shall apply mutatis mutandis to an outside person who is summoned to appear as an intervener under Section 57 (3).<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-177\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 150<\/h3><p>When a civil claim can be valued in money, the plaintiff pays a court fee based on the amount claimed or the value of the disputed property; on appeal or Dika the appellant pays a fee on the amount still in dispute at that level. If co-parties with an indivisible claim file separate appeals and together pay more than a joint filing would have cost, the court refunds the excess.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In a case where the claim for relief can be calculated as a sum of money, the plaintiff shall pay court fees in the Court of First Instance according to the amount of the claim or the value of the disputed property. As to court fees at the appeal or Dika (Supreme Court) level, if the amount claimed or the value of the property in dispute at the appeal or Dika level is the same as in the Court of First Instance, the appellant or the Dika petitioner shall pay according to the same amount or value as in the Court of First Instance. But if the appellant or Dika petitioner has obtained satisfaction only in part under the judgment or order of the lower court, and the amount or the value of the property in dispute at the appeal or Dika level is lower than in the Court of First Instance, the appellant or Dika petitioner shall pay court fees according to that lower amount or value. Once the court fee has been paid, if the amount in dispute of the complaint, the appeal complaint, or the Dika complaint increases through the filing of an additional complaint or by any other means, additional court fees shall be charged as prescribed in the schedule annexed to this Code, at the time the additional complaint is filed or within the period the court thinks fit, as the case may be. If, because the court has ordered the cases to be tried together or to be separated, any complaint or any claim contained in any complaint must be transferred to another court, or must be re-filed with that court or with another court as a separate case, the plaintiff shall be granted relief from paying court fees for filing or re-filing such complaint or claim, except where the amount or the value of the property of such complaint or claim has increased. In such a case, the court fee only on the increased part shall be calculated and paid as prescribed in the preceding paragraph. In the case where persons who are co-parties in a case whose cause of action is the performance of an indivisible obligation each file separate appeals or Dika petitions, each having paid court fees at the appeal or Dika level under paragraph two, if such court fees, when combined, exceed the court fees those parties would have had to pay had they filed a joint appeal or Dika petition, the Court of Appeal or the Supreme Court, as the case may be, shall order the excess court fees returned to those parties in proportion to the court fee each of them has paid, at the time that court renders its judgment or order.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-150\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 253<\/h3><p>Where a plaintiff has no home, office, or attachable property in Thailand, or is likely to dodge paying costs if it loses, the defendant can ask the court to order the plaintiff to deposit money or give security for court fees and expenses. If the court finds good reason and the plaintiff still does not comply, the case is struck off the list. The case is not struck off if the defendant asks for the proceedings to continue, or if the order requiring the deposit or security is appealed.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If the plaintiff has no domicile or place of business within the Kingdom and has no property that may be subjected to execution within the Kingdom, or if it is believed that, should the plaintiff lose the case, the plaintiff will evade payment of the court fees and expenses, the defendant may at any time before judgment file a motion asking the court to order the plaintiff to deposit money with the court or to provide security for the payment of such court fees and expenses. If, after inquiry, the court is of the view that there is reasonable cause or credible grounds, as the case may be, the court shall order the plaintiff to deposit money with the court or to provide security in the amount and within the time it fixes, and it may impose any conditions it thinks fit. If the plaintiff does not comply with the court&#039;s order under paragraph two, the court shall order the case struck off the cause list, unless the defendant asks that the proceedings continue, or unless the order under paragraph two is appealed.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-253\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 247<\/h3><p>You cannot dika to the Supreme Court as of right. You must obtain the Supreme Court&#039;s leave by filing a leave application together with your dika at the trial court within one month of the appeal judgment being read. The trial court then forwards it to the Supreme Court, which rules promptly.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A dika against a judgment or order of the Court of Appeal may be made only when leave has been granted by the Supreme Court. An application for leave to dika shall be filed, together with the petition of dika, with the court of first instance that gave the judgment or order in the case, within one month from the day the judgment or order of the Court of Appeal was read. The court of first instance shall promptly forward the application together with the petition of dika to the Supreme Court, and the Supreme Court shall consider and decide the application without delay.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-247\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 18 <small>Consumer Case Procedure Act B.E. 2551<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Subject to the law on liability for damage arising from unsafe products, the filing of a plaint and the conduct of any proceedings in a consumer case by a consumer or by a person with authority to sue on behalf of a consumer are exempt from all court fees and costs, but this exemption does not extend to liability for court fees and costs at the final stage. If it appears to the court that the consumer or the person with authority to sue on behalf of the consumer has brought the case without reasonable grounds, has claimed excessive damages, has behaved improperly, has conducted proceedings of a delaying or unnecessary nature, or that there are other circumstances the court considers appropriate, the court may order that person to pay to the court all or part of the exempted court fees and costs within such period as the court considers appropriate to fix. In the event of non-compliance, the court has the power to order the case struck out of the case list. In the cases under paragraph one and paragraph two, if the court considers that the other party must be liable for all or part of the court fees and costs of both parties, the court shall give judgment on court fees and costs by ordering that other party to pay to the court, in the name of the consumer or the person with authority to sue on behalf of the consumer, the court fees and costs from which that consumer or person was exempted, in whole or in part as the court considers appropriate.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/YUpvUUJ0Njc3NkQvczdieno3M0c5UT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 61<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e46 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e46 \u0e44\u0e1b \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-61\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 46<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e15\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e04\u0e33\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e14\u0e32\u0e29\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 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\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e01\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e14\u0e32\u0e29\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e43\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e08\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e39\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e27\u0e01\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-46\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 177<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e18\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19 \u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e22\u0e49\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e22\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e34\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e14\u0e39\u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e58\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e55\u0e57 \n(\u0e53) \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-177\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 150<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e02\u0e4c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\n\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e08\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 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\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e38\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 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\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e19\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e22\u0e01\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48 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\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-150\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 253<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e20\u0e39\u0e21\u0e34\u0e25\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e24\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e24\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e42\u0e08\u0e17\u0e01\u0e4c\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-253\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 247<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e23\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e23\u0e47\u0e27<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-247\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 18 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2551<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e08\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e24\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e27\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e24\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e19\u0e33\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e21\u0e32\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23 \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22 \u0e14\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e24\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e24\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e24\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e19\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e24\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/YUpvUUJ0Njc3NkQvczdieno3M0c5UT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 61<\/h3><p>La constitution d&#039;avocat se fait par \u00e9crit sign\u00e9 du client et de l&#039;avocat, d\u00e9pos\u00e9 au tribunal, et ne vaut que pour l&#039;affaire concern\u00e9e. L&#039;avocat titulaire d&#039;un mandat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral le pr\u00e9sente et en d\u00e9pose une copie \u00e0 la place, affaire par affaire.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-61\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 46<\/h3><p>La proc\u00e9dure civile et les pi\u00e8ces sont en tha\u00ef, sans grattage : ratures et ajouts sont sign\u00e9s. Le tribunal ordonne une traduction certifi\u00e9e, enti\u00e8re ou partielle, des documents \u00e9trangers ; la partie concern\u00e9e fournit un interpr\u00e8te \u00e0 qui ne comprend pas le tha\u00ef, ou est muet ou sourd et illettr\u00e9.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-46\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 177<\/h3><p>Le d\u00e9fendeur d\u00e9pose sa r\u00e9ponse \u00e9crite sous 15 jours d\u00e8s la signification, admettant ou niant clairement les all\u00e9gations, motifs \u00e0 l&#039;appui. Il peut y joindre une demande reconventionnelle ; \u00e9trang\u00e8re \u00e0 la demande initiale, elle rel\u00e8ve d&#039;une action s\u00e9par\u00e9e ; r\u00e8gles applicables au tiers intervenant de l&#039;article 57 (3).<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-177\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 150<\/h3><p>Dans une affaire \u00e9valuable en argent, les droits de justice suivent la valeur en litige \u00e0 chaque instance ; toute augmentation entra\u00eene un compl\u00e9ment. Le red\u00e9p\u00f4t impos\u00e9 par une jonction ou disjonction en est dispens\u00e9, sauf sur l&#039;augmentation ; le trop-pay\u00e9 de coparties \u00e0 obligation indivisible appelant s\u00e9par\u00e9ment est rembours\u00e9.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-150\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 253<\/h3><p>Si le demandeur n&#039;a dans le Royaume ni domicile ou lieu de travail ni biens saisissables, ou risque d&#039;\u00e9luder les frais s&#039;il perd, le d\u00e9fendeur peut, avant jugement, demander une consignation ou garantie. Sans ex\u00e9cution de l&#039;ordre du tribunal, l&#039;affaire est radi\u00e9e, sauf poursuite demand\u00e9e par le d\u00e9fendeur ou appel.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-253\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 247<\/h3><p>Le pourvoi contre une d\u00e9cision de la Cour d&#039;appel exige l&#039;autorisation de la Cour supr\u00eame, demand\u00e9e avec le pourvoi devant le tribunal de premi\u00e8re instance dans le mois de la lecture; celui-ci transmet sans d\u00e9lai et la Cour supr\u00eame statue promptement.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/section-247\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 18 <small>Consumer Case Procedure Act B.E. 2551<\/small><\/h3><p>Sous r\u00e9serve de la loi sur les produits dangereux, le consommateur ou la personne agissant pour lui est dispens\u00e9 de tous frais de justice, sauf charge finale. Le tribunal peut exiger leur paiement, notamment pour action infond\u00e9e, sous peine de radiation, ou les imputer \u00e0 l&#039;adversaire.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/YUpvUUJ0Njc3NkQvczdieno3M0c5UT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/VjZQcUR4VG1iVHZGS09TMUMvY2Vsdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/YUpvUUJ0Njc3NkQvczdieno3M0c5UT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consumer Case Procedure Act B.E. 2551<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 2 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-court-fees\">Court fees<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-fees\/\">Court fees<\/a> apply in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/\">civil cases in Thailand<\/a>, and they are separate from what you pay your lawyer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where you sue for a sum of money, the filing fee is set by Table 1 annexed to the Civil Procedure Code: <strong>2 percent of the amount claimed, capped at 200,000 baht<\/strong>, on a claim of up to fifty million baht. So a claim of 500,000 baht costs 10,000 baht to file and a claim of 5 million costs 100,000. Two percent of 10 million is exactly 200,000, so from 10 million upwards the cap binds and every claim up to fifty million pays the same 200,000. The rate does not change at 10 million; the ceiling simply takes over. <strong>Above fifty million the excess is charged at 0.1 percent<\/strong>, so a claim of 60 million baht pays 200,000 on the first fifty million and 10,000 on the ten million above it. A case that asks for something which cannot be valued in money, a declaration or an injunction for instance, is not charged on a percentage at all: Table 1 sets it at <strong>200 baht per matter<\/strong>, and an appeal against an order under Section 228(1), the provision covering orders that detain, fine or imprison someone under the Code, carries no filing fee at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three points matter more to a foreign litigant than the rate itself. <strong>The fee falls due again on appeal.<\/strong> Under Section 150 the appellant pays on the amount still in dispute at that level, which is the same figure over again unless the judgment below reduced what is at stake. <strong>Part of it can come back.<\/strong> Section 151 requires the whole fee to be refunded where the court refuses the complaint, the appeal or the Dika petition outright, and gives the court a discretion to return all or part of it where the case is withdrawn or ends in a settlement. <strong>A party who cannot pay can ask to be excused.<\/strong> Sections 155 to 156\/1 allow an application for exemption, which the court grants only if it is credible that the applicant has no property sufficient to pay the fees or would otherwise suffer undue hardship, and, where the applicant is the one bringing the claim or the appeal, that it also has reasonable grounds. If the court dismisses that application or grants it only in part, the applicant has seven days from the order to appeal, and the Court of Appeal\u2019s decision on that appeal is final.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One provision surprises foreign claimants more than any other. Under <strong>Section 253<\/strong>, if you are the plaintiff and you have no domicile or place of business in Thailand and no property here that could be seized to satisfy a costs order, the defendant may apply at any time before judgment for an order that you deposit money with the court or give security for the defendant\u2019s court fees and costs. The same applies if the court is satisfied you would evade paying them. If you do not comply with the order, the court strikes the case off the list unless the defendant asks for it to continue. Budget for that possibility before you file.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The court fees above are not the only sum the losing side carries. Under <strong>Table 6<\/strong>, annexed to the same Code, the court also orders the loser to contribute towards the fee of the lawyer on the winning side, and it fixes that figure itself, weighing the difficulty of the case against the time and work the lawyer had to put in. The table gives a floor and a ceiling and leaves everything between them to the court: <strong>never less than 3,000 baht for a case<\/strong>, and never more than <strong>5 percent of the amount in dispute at first instance, or 3 percent on appeal or in the Supreme Court<\/strong>. Where the claim cannot be valued in money the two ceilings are fixed sums instead, <strong>30,000 baht<\/strong> and <strong>20,000 baht<\/strong>. On a claim of one million baht the first-instance maximum is therefore 50,000 baht. These are limits, not a price list: what the court awards is a contribution towards what the winning side paid, not the bill it received. Both Table 1 and Table 6 took their present form in the Civil Procedure Code Amendment Act (No. 24) B.E. 2551.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two kinds of claim carry no filing fee at all, and they are the two a foreign resident is most likely to bring. <strong>A labour claim is free<\/strong>: section 27 of the Act Establishing Labour Courts and Labour Case Procedure B.E. 2522 exempts the filing of the complaint and every step of the proceedings from court fees, without condition. <strong>A consumer claim is free at the outset but not unconditionally<\/strong>: section 18 of the Consumer Case Procedure Act B.E. 2551 exempts a consumer, or a body suing on behalf of consumers, from all court fees, yet it does not reach final liability for costs, and it lets the court order the exempted fees to be paid after all where it finds the claim was brought without reasonable cause, the damages claimed were excessive, the consumer behaved improperly, the proceedings were being drawn out unnecessarily, or there is some other circumstance the court considers justifies it. If that order is not obeyed the case is struck off the list. The exemption is real, and it is not a licence to file anything.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"small-claims-cases\">Small claims: a procedure, not a separate court<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand has no separate &#8220;small claims court&#8221;. What it has is a faster <em>procedure<\/em> inside the ordinary civil courts, which the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-procedure-code\/\">Civil Procedure Code<\/a> calls a petty case (<em>khadi manosare<\/em>). Sections 189 to 196 set out how it works, and the court that hears it is the ordinary civil court that would have had the case anyway.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What counts as a petty case.<\/strong> Section 189 sets two gateways, and in both of them the figure printed in the Code has since been raised. A money claim qualifies if it is not more than 300,000 baht. An eviction claim qualifies if the rent is not more than 30,000 baht a month. The Code itself still reads 40,000 baht and 4,000 baht a month, but each of those figures is followed by the words <em>or such amount as is fixed by Royal Decree<\/em>, and the Royal Decree Fixing the Amount of Money in Petty Cases B.E. 2546 is the decree that fixed the higher ones. The Supreme Court applies it that way, so the working figures are 300,000 and 30,000.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How the amount is counted.<\/strong> Section 190 takes the figure from what the plaintiff claims, and leaves out both the court fee itself and interest that is not yet due when the complaint is filed. Interest that has already accrued by the day you file is a different matter, because it counts towards the total. A claim of 300,000 baht with interest running from an earlier date is therefore above the line rather than on it, and the same arithmetic decides which court may hear the case at all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>What it costs, which is the point of the procedure.<\/strong> Section 190 quattuor sets the filing fee: you pay under Table 1 in the ordinary way, but the court fees together are capped at 1,000 baht. On a claim of 300,000 baht the ordinary 2 percent would be 6,000 baht, so the cap saves 5,000 baht at the outset. Two limits on it are worth knowing. It is a cap for the court of first instance, so if you appeal, or go on to the Supreme Court, the fee at that level is worked out on the amount still in dispute there. And it does not reach a case brought into the procedure under section 196 below, which section 196 expressly leaves out.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Why the procedure is worth asking for.<\/strong> Under section 191 you may bring the claim <em>orally<\/em>: you state it at the court and the court writes it down and has you sign it, instead of filing a drafted complaint. Under section 193 the court sets an early hearing and the summons tells the defendant to come for conciliation, to answer, and to give evidence <em>on the same day<\/em>, with the court attempting to settle the matter first. Under section 194 the judgment itself may be given orally.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>It can reach a case that is not small.<\/strong> Section 196 lets an ordinary claim for a fixed sum on a dishonoured bill of exchange, or on a written contract that appears genuine and enforceable on its face, be tried under the petty-case procedure where the court finds the case uncomplicated, whether or not you asked for it. If the case stops being simple, the same section lets the court revoke that order and move it back to the ordinary track.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-long-a-case-takes\">How long a case takes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Since 2023 the courts publish their own targets, and a party can hold them to the published figure. The Act on the Determination of Time Periods for Operations in the Justice Process B.E. 2565 sets no timetable of its own. What it does is require every body in the justice system to fix and publish a completion period for each stage of its work, to record and explain a delay, and to run a system through which a party can check progress. For the Courts of Justice those periods are set by a regulation made by the President of the Supreme Court, published in the Royal Gazette on 23 January 2023 and in force the following day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>At first instance.<\/strong> The regulation sorts cases into three classes. A special management case is one that is not complicated and can realistically be finished in a single hearing, and the class expressly includes petty cases, consumer cases, cases where the defendant does not answer, and uncontested applications such as an application to administer an estate. Those are to be decided within six months of the complaint being accepted. An ordinary case is one year, and so is a complex ordinary case, meaning one that cannot be heard straight through and has to be set down in blocks of two to four days. Any case in a Kwaeng court, which is the district court, is six months whether it is civil or criminal and whatever its type. And a criminal case in which any defendant is held in custody during the trial is six months from the date of the detention warrant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>On appeal.<\/strong> The Court of Appeal works to one year from the day it receives the file from the court below, and to six months where the only question is the sentence. The regional and specialised Courts of Appeal work to four months for the simplest class of appeal, six months for the next, and one year for everything else. The Supreme Court is one year from receipt of the file, and six months to decide an application for permission to appeal to it. That permission is the gate: under section 247 you cannot appeal a Court of Appeal judgment as of right, you must ask the Supreme Court to allow it, and the request goes in with the appeal itself within one month of the Court of Appeal judgment being read.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Applications along the way.<\/strong> An application for release on bail is to be decided on the day the court receives it. An application to have money returned to you is decided within three working days and paid out within seven. Other applications are three working days at first instance and three months in the appellate courts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>These are targets, not guarantees, and the regulation says so in terms.<\/strong> It allows the period to be exceeded where the file has to be transferred, where a draft judgment goes to consultation or to a full court, where the parties cause the delay themselves by mediating or by waiting for the result of another case, and where the hold up comes from outside the court, such as service of process abroad, the mapping of disputed land or the forensic examination of evidence. What the regulation gives you is not a deadline but a right to an answer. If your case runs over, the reason has to appear in the court record, you can ask the court office about it, and that office must check the progress and tell you the result within fifteen days. You can also follow the file yourself on the Courts of Justice tracking system at <a href=\"https:\/\/cios.coj.go.th\/tracking\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">cios.coj.go.th\/tracking<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"5-dresscode-what-to-know-before-you-go-to-court-in-thailand\">Dresscode, What to Know Before you Go to Court in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Courtroom decorum in Thailand is taken very seriously. Appropriate attire is very important, which means you should avoid wearing flip-flops, shorts, sleeveless shirts, or casual clothing. Men are advised to wear long pants and a collared shirt, while women should dress modestly, avoiding short skirts, tight clothing, or sleeveless tops. This dress code shows respect for the court, which represents His Majesty the King. It requires a high level of respect and formality.\n\nIt is not always necessary, but it is also good idea to follow the dress code when visiting government offices. Places such as Immigration or the Labour Department. Officials in these departments may interpret respectful attire as an indication of seriousness, professionalism, and courtesy. Dressing appropriately can significantly influence how smoothly interactions proceed and can often positively impact the outcome of your visit.\n\nBehavior within the courtroom and government offices should also reflect utmost respect and politeness. Disruptions, informalities, or casual postures, such as crossing your legs when seated, are prohibited in court settings. Furthermore, to protect privacy and maintain dignity, photography is strictly forbidden within court premises. Adhering to these guidelines demonstrates cultural awareness and respect, helping you avoid misunderstandings or potential accusations of contempt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"6-foreigners-need-interpreters\">Foreigners need interpreters<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreigners face additional layers of complexity in the Thai legal system. Visa regulations, property ownership laws, and business regulations have nuances that require careful navigation, often necessitating local legal expertise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legal-interpreters-in-thai-courtrooms\/\"> Foreigners also need interpreters in Court<\/a>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">because all the procedures are done in Thai language. What to know before you go to Court in Thailand? Know that your interpreter can make a huge difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.coj.go.th\/th\/content\/page\/index\/id\/91994\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Court of Justice in Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-246-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is there a small claims court in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Thailand has a faster petty-case procedure inside the ordinary civil courts, not a separate court. It covers money claims of not more than 300,000 baht and eviction claims where the rent is not more than 30,000 baht a month.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-246-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How long does a defendant have to answer a civil claim?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Usually 15 days. The answer is the next step after the complaint, and Thai courts then actively push mediation before trial.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-246-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a foreign plaintiff be ordered to give security for costs?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Under Section 253, a plaintiff with no domicile or place of business in Thailand and no property here that could be seized can be ordered to deposit money or give security. If you do not comply, the court strikes the case off unless the defendant asks for it to continue.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-246-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I appeal to the Supreme Court as of right?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Under section 247 you must ask the Supreme Court to allow it, and the request goes in with the appeal itself within one month of the Court of Appeal judgment being read.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"civil-litigation-in-thailand\">Civil Litigation in Thailand: What the Process Looks Like<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If a dispute cannot be settled, civil litigation is the route. Civil cases are governed principally by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a>, and they cover contractual disputes and breaches, property and landlord-tenant matters, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/tort\/\">tort<\/a> claims such as personal injury and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/defamation\/\">defamation<\/a>, family matters including divorce, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/child-custody\/\">custody<\/a> and inheritance disputes, and debt collection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-steps\">The Steps, in Order<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Pre-action notice.<\/strong> A formal notice is normally sent first, setting out the dispute and the action contemplated.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Filing the complaint.<\/strong> If no settlement is reached, a complaint is filed with the court setting out the claims and the remedies sought.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Defendant&#8217;s answer.<\/strong> The defendant has a set period, usually 15 days, to respond.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Mediation.<\/strong> Thai courts actively push mediation before trial. This is not a formality: see the section above on why it matters.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Trial.<\/strong> If mediation fails, both sides present evidence and argument before a judge. There is no jury.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Judgment.<\/strong> The court may award money, or order a party to do or refrain from doing something.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Appeal.<\/strong> Either party may appeal to a higher court.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"three-things-that-decide-cases-early\">Three Things That Decide Cases Early<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/prescription\/\">Prescription<\/a>.<\/strong> Thai law sets limitation periods for bringing an action. Miss the period and the claim is lost regardless of its merits, so the first question in any dispute is how long you have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Jurisdiction.<\/strong> The right court depends on where the events happened, where the defendant lives, the nature and value of the claim, and whether you are suing a person, a company or a state body. Filing in the wrong court costs time you may not have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Language.<\/strong> Proceedings are conducted in Thai. Documents in other languages need certified translation, and a foreign party needs an interpreter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A lawyer&#8217;s value here is concentrated at the start: assessing whether the claim is worth bringing, getting the limitation period and the forum right, drafting the pleadings correctly, and negotiating at mediation before costs mount. If you need representation in a civil dispute, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/contact-us\/\">contact us<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Last reviewed: 22 September 2026. Read in Thai against the Civil Procedure Code: sections 60 and 61 (appointing a lawyer), [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":630,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"default","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-02\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"court in thailand","rank_math_title":"","rank_math_description":"Before a Thai court hearing: the role of mediation, the power of attorney a lawyer needs, court fees, dress code, interpreters, and the litigation steps.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Court in Thailand","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-246","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/246","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=246"}],"version-history":[{"count":26,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/246\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12411,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/246\/revisions\/12411"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/630"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=246"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}