{"id":2587,"date":"2026-07-08T21:50:56","date_gmt":"2026-07-08T14:50:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/?page_id=2587"},"modified":"2026-11-06T04:13:08","modified_gmt":"2026-11-05T21:13:08","slug":"escrow-accounts-in-thailand-how-to-protect-your-money-when-buying-property-2026-guide","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/escrow-accounts-in-thailand-how-to-protect-your-money-when-buying-property-2026-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e27\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c (\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e35 2026)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You wire the full purchase price to a seller you met three weeks ago, and you trust that the title deed will move into your name at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/land-office\/\">Land Office<\/a> the next morning. In most countries a neutral third party would hold that money until the transfer completes. In Thailand, buyers often hand it straight over. An&nbsp;<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/escrow\/\">escrow<\/a> account in Thailand<\/strong>&nbsp;closes that gap. It places your money with a licensed, neutral agent who releases the funds to the seller only after the conditions you both agreed on are met, usually the registration of the title transfer in your name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand has had a dedicated escrow law since 2008, yet most foreign buyers have never been offered one. This guide explains how property escrow works under the Escrow Act B.E. 2551, when it makes sense, what it costs, and the practical steps to put one in place. If you are still deciding how to structure your purchase, read it alongside our broader guide to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/property-guide-for-foreigners-in-thailand\/\">buying property in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#why-escrow-matters-for-foreign-property-buyers-in-thailand\">Why Escrow Matters for Foreign Property Buyers in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-legal-framework-escrow-act-b-e-2551-2008\">The Legal Framework: Escrow Act B.E. 2551 (2008)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-property-escrow-works-in-practice-step-by-step\">How Property Escrow Works in Practice: Step by Step<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#common-pitfalls-and-how-to-avoid-them\">Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#conclusion-a-small-step-that-removes-a-large-risk\">Conclusion: A Small Step That Removes a Large Risk<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Key takeaway:<\/strong>&nbsp;Escrow in Thailand is legal, regulated, and voluntary. It protects your deposit and balance from a seller who fails to deliver clean title, but it only works if both parties agree to use a licensed escrow agent before money changes hands. Negotiate it into the sale contract, not after.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"why-escrow-matters-for-foreign-property-buyers-in-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Escrow Matters for Foreign Property Buyers in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai property transactions carry a structural risk that surprises buyers from North America, Europe, and Australia. There is no automatic, court-supervised settlement step. Buyer and seller usually meet at the Land Office, the buyer pays, and the official registers the transfer. The timing looks simultaneous, but the buyer carries real exposure in the days before that meeting, especially when a deposit or a staged payment leaves their bank account early.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Common failure points include a seller who takes the deposit and then stalls, a title deed that turns out to be <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/encumbrance\/\">encumbered<\/a> by a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/mortgage\/\">mortgage<\/a> the buyer never saw, a developer who collects off-plan installments and never finishes the building, and outright <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fraud\/\">fraud<\/a> using a forged or duplicate&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/title-deeds-in-thailand\/\">title deed<\/a>. Once your money has left the country and entered a Thai seller&#8217;s account, recovering it through litigation is slow, costly, and uncertain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Escrow removes the single most dangerous moment in the deal, the gap between payment and registration. The agent holds the money. The seller cannot touch it. You cannot pull it back on a whim. The funds move only when the agreed conditions are satisfied. This is the same protection that buyers in most Western markets take for granted, and Thai law has provided for it since 2008.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-legal-framework-escrow-act-b-e-2551-2008\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Legal Framework: Escrow Act B.E. 2551 (2008)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The&nbsp;<strong>Escrow Act B.E. 2551<\/strong>&nbsp;took effect on 21 May 2008. It is the statute that gives escrow arrangements legal force in Thailand and sets the rules for who may hold the money and how it must be handled. Three features of the Act matter most to a buyer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"who-can-act-as-an-escrow-agent\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who can act as an escrow agent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Only a licensed agent may hold escrow funds. The Ministry of Finance grants the licenses, and eligible agents are commercial banks, financial institutions, and other <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/juristic-person\/\">juristic persons<\/a> named in the ministerial regulations. The Act requires the agent to be genuinely neutral. The agent cannot have a direct or indirect connection to either party, so a bank with an interest in the developer, as the supervising committee&#8217;s criteria define it, cannot act as escrow agent for that developer&#8217;s sales (section 12). This neutrality is the backbone of the protection.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"how-the-money-is-protected\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How the money is protected<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Money held in a licensed escrow account is ring-fenced. It does not belong to the agent and cannot be seized to pay the agent&#8217;s own debts. If the escrow agent runs into financial trouble, your purchase money does not get swept up with the agent&#8217;s assets. The agent must keep proper records, issue receipts, and report to the regulator.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"how-escrow-fits-with-the-civil-and-commercial-code\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How escrow fits with the Civil and Commercial Code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Escrow sits on top of the ordinary contract rules in the Thai <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a> (CCC), it does not replace them. Two CCC provisions shape every property purchase and explain why escrow adds value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CCC Section 456<\/strong>&nbsp;states that a sale of immovable property is void unless it is made in writing and registered with the competent official. In plain terms, you do not own the land or condominium until the Land Office registers the transfer. Everything before that registration is a promise, and a promise is only as good as the person making it. Escrow lets you keep the money out of the seller&#8217;s hands until that registration actually happens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>CCC Sections 377 and 378<\/strong>&nbsp;govern <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/earnest-deposit\/\">earnest<\/a> money, the deposit a buyer commonly pays to lock in a deal. Under Section 378, unless the contract says otherwise, the seller keeps the earnest if the buyer defaults, and must return it if the seller is the one who defaults. The Code does not double it: a buyer who wants more than the deposit back must agree a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/penalty-clause\/\">penalty in the contract<\/a> or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/damages\/\">claim damages<\/a>. Either way, getting the money back from a reluctant seller means chasing them through the courts. Escrow gives you the practical version of the same idea: the deposit stays neutral, and you do not have to sue to get it back if the deal collapses through no fault of yours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The core problem escrow solves:<\/strong>&nbsp;Section 456 says you own nothing until registration, yet sellers usually want the money before or at registration. Escrow bridges that trust gap with a neutral, regulated custodian instead of blind faith.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 456<\/h3><p>A sale of immovable property is void unless made in writing and registered with the competent official (for land, the Land Office). The same applies to vessels of five tons and over, to floating houses and to beasts of burden.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A sale of immovable property is void unless it is made in writing and registered with the competent official. This rule also applies to the sale of vessels of five tons or more, and to the sale of floating houses and beasts of burden.\n An agreement to sell or to buy, or a promise in respect of a sale or purchase, of any property mentioned in paragraph one cannot be enforced by action unless there is written evidence of some kind signed by the party liable, or earnest has been given, or there has been part performance.\n The provisions of the preceding paragraph also apply to a contract of sale of movable property where the agreed price is twenty thousand baht or more.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-456\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 378<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Unless otherwise agreed, earnest shall be dealt with as follows: (1) it shall be returned, or applied as part payment, upon performance; (2) it shall be forfeited if the party who gave the earnest fails to perform, or if performance becomes impossible owing to a circumstance for which that party is responsible, or if the contract is rescinded through the fault of that party; (3) it shall be returned if the party who received the earnest fails to perform, or if performance becomes impossible owing to a circumstance for which that party is responsible.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-378\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 377<\/h3><p>Earnest money, function and forfeiture.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If, on entering into a contract, something is given as earnest, the giving of earnest is deemed to be evidence that the contract has been concluded. The earnest also serves as security for the performance of the contract.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-377\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 379<\/h3><p>Where the debtor has promised a penalty sum for failure to perform, or for failure to perform properly, the penalty is forfeited upon default. Where the performance consists of a forbearance, forfeiture occurs as soon as the debtor acts in contravention of that obligation.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If a debtor promises the creditor to pay a sum of money as a penalty in the event that he fails to perform his obligation, or fails to perform it properly, the penalty is forfeited when he is in default. If the performance due consists in forbearance from an act, the penalty is forfeited as soon as any act in contravention of the obligation is done.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-379\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 35 bis <small>Consumer Protection Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In the conduct of a business of selling any goods or providing any service, if the law requires the contract of sale or the contract for the provision of services to be made in writing, or such contract is customarily made in writing, the Committee on Contracts shall have the power to prescribe the business of selling such goods or providing such service as a contract-controlled business. In the conduct of a contract-controlled business, a contract made by the business operator with a consumer shall have the following characteristics: (1) it shall use the necessary contract terms which, if not used, would place the consumer at an unreasonable disadvantage in relation to the business operator; (2) it shall not use contract terms that are unfair to the consumer; all in accordance with the rules, conditions and details prescribed by the Committee on Contracts. For the benefit of consumers as a whole, the Committee on Contracts may require the business operator to make the contract in the form prescribed by the Committee on Contracts. The prescription under paragraph one and paragraph two shall be in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed by Royal Decree.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/c1VEQWc4b1NqSitjNFZ6bExqS0ZZZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 86 <small>Limitation of Aliens Right in Land<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An alien may acquire land only by virtue of the provisions of a treaty which provides that ownership of immovable property may be held, and subject also to the provisions of this Code.\n Subject to section 84, such an alien may acquire land for residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, cemetery, public charity or religious purposes only in accordance with the conditions and procedure prescribed by ministerial regulation, and permission must be obtained from the Minister.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">Unofficial translation by the Office of the Council of State<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-86\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 456<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30 \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e19\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e27\u0e4c\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e30\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\n\n\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e21\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e33\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\n\n\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-456\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 378<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d(\u0e51) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49(\u0e52) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e25\u0e34\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19(\u0e53) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e49\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-378\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 377<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e2d\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-377\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 379<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e14 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e36\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e07\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-379\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 35 \u0e17\u0e27\u0e34 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e04\u0e38\u0e49\u0e21\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e38\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e13\u0e30\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e51) \u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\n(\u0e52) \u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\n\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e22\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21 \u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e18\u0e38\u0e23\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/c1VEQWc4b1NqSitjNFZ6bExqS0ZZZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 86<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\n\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e58\u0e54 \u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e38\u0e28\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e30 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e32 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-86\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 456<\/h3><p>La vente d&#039;un immeuble est nulle si elle n&#039;est pas faite par \u00e9crit et enregistr\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s du fonctionnaire comp\u00e9tent. La m\u00eame r\u00e8gle s&#039;applique \u00e0 la vente des navires d&#039;une jauge de cinq tonneaux ou plus, ainsi qu&#039;\u00e0 la vente des maisons flottantes et des b\u00eates de somme.\n\nLa promesse de vente ou d&#039;achat, ou l&#039;engagement relatif \u00e0 la vente ou \u00e0 l&#039;achat d&#039;un bien vis\u00e9 au premier alin\u00e9a, ne peut faire l&#039;objet d&#039;une action en ex\u00e9cution que s&#039;il en existe une preuve \u00e9crite quelconque sign\u00e9e par la partie oblig\u00e9e, ou si des arrhes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 vers\u00e9es, ou s&#039;il y a eu ex\u00e9cution partielle.\n\nLes dispositions de l&#039;alin\u00e9a pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent s&#039;appliquent \u00e9galement au contrat de vente d&#039;un bien meuble dont le prix convenu est de vingt mille bahts ou plus.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-456\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 378<\/h3><p>Sauf convention contraire, les arrhes sont (1) restitu\u00e9es ou imput\u00e9es sur le paiement \u00e0 l&#039;ex\u00e9cution, (2) perdues en cas d&#039;inex\u00e9cution du versant, d&#039;impossibilit\u00e9 due \u00e0 une circonstance dont il r\u00e9pond, ou de r\u00e9solution par sa faute, (3) restitu\u00e9es en cas d&#039;inex\u00e9cution du b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaire ou de pareille impossibilit\u00e9 dont il r\u00e9pond.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-378\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 377<\/h3><p>Lorsque, \u00e0 la conclusion d&#039;un contrat, une chose est remise \u00e0 titre d&#039;arrhes, cette remise est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme la preuve que le contrat a \u00e9t\u00e9 conclu. Les arrhes servent en outre de garantie de l&#039;ex\u00e9cution de ce contrat.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-377\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 379<\/h3><p>Si le d\u00e9biteur a promis au cr\u00e9ancier une somme \u00e0 titre de p\u00e9nalit\u00e9 en cas d&#039;inex\u00e9cution ou d&#039;ex\u00e9cution non conforme, la p\u00e9nalit\u00e9 est encourue d\u00e8s sa demeure; si l&#039;obligation consiste \u00e0 s&#039;abstenir, elle est encourue d\u00e8s l&#039;acte contraire.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-379\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 35 bis <small>Consumer Protection Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>Lorsque la loi exige un contrat \u00e9crit de vente ou de service, ou que l&#039;usage le veut \u00e9crit, le Comit\u00e9 des contrats peut classer l&#039;activit\u00e9 comme activit\u00e9 \u00e0 contrats contr\u00f4l\u00e9s. Le contrat avec le consommateur doit alors contenir les clauses n\u00e9cessaires pour \u00e9viter un d\u00e9savantage excessif et exclure toute clause abusive, selon les r\u00e8gles du Comit\u00e9, qui peut aussi, dans l&#039;int\u00e9r\u00eat des consommateurs, imposer un mod\u00e8le. Modalit\u00e9s fix\u00e9es par d\u00e9cret royal.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/c1VEQWc4b1NqSitjNFZ6bExqS0ZZZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 86<\/h3><p>Un \u00e9tranger ne peut acqu\u00e9rir un terrain qu&#039;en vertu des dispositions d&#039;un trait\u00e9 qui permet d&#039;avoir la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&#039;un bien immobilier, et sous r\u00e9serve \u00e9galement des dispositions du pr\u00e9sent Code.\n\nSous r\u00e9serve de l&#039;article 84, cet \u00e9tranger ne peut acqu\u00e9rir un terrain \u00e0 usage d&#039;habitation, d&#039;activit\u00e9 commerciale, industrielle ou agricole, de cimeti\u00e8re, de bienfaisance publique ou de culte que conform\u00e9ment aux conditions et \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure fix\u00e9es par r\u00e8glement minist\u00e9riel, et il doit obtenir l&#039;autorisation du Ministre.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-86\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/c1VEQWc4b1NqSitjNFZ6bExqS0ZZZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Consumer Protection Act B.E. 2522<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 4 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-property-escrow-works-in-practice-step-by-step\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Property Escrow Works in Practice: Step by Step<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A clean escrow process for a Thai property purchase follows a predictable path. The detail lives in the escrow agreement, so read it carefully and have a lawyer confirm that the release conditions match your sale contract.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Stage<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">What happens<\/th><th class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Who acts<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">1. Agree to use escrow<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Buyer and seller write the escrow mechanism into the sale and purchase agreement before any money moves.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Buyer, seller, lawyers<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">2. Appoint a licensed agent<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">The parties choose a Ministry of Finance licensed escrow agent, usually a commercial bank, with no tie to either side.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Buyer, seller<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">3. Sign the escrow agreement<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">The agreement sets the release conditions, timelines, fees, and what happens if the deal fails.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Buyer, seller, agent<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">4. Buyer deposits funds<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">The buyer transfers the purchase price (or staged amounts) into the escrow account. The seller cannot draw on it.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Buyer<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">5. Conditions are met<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Due diligence clears, the title transfers at the Land Office, and any agreed conditions are documented.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Buyer, seller, Land Office<\/td><\/tr><tr><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">6. Agent releases funds<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Once conditions are satisfied, the agent pays the seller. If conditions fail, the agent returns the money to the buyer.<\/td><td class=\"has-text-align-left\" data-align=\"left\">Escrow agent<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The release conditions are where you win or lose. Tie the release to the registration of the transfer in your name, not to the mere signing of documents. Pair escrow with proper&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/due-diligence-in-thailand\/\">property due diligence<\/a>&nbsp;so that a clean title search becomes one of the conditions the seller must satisfy before getting paid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"what-escrow-typically-costs\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What escrow typically costs<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Escrow fees in Thailand are modest relative to the sums at risk. Banks generally charge a fee based on the transaction value, often in the range of a fraction of one percent, sometimes with a minimum charge. Unless the parties agree otherwise, section 8 of the Act has buyer and seller pay the agent&#8217;s fee in equal shares, at rates the supervising committee sets. Set against a purchase that can run into millions of baht, the fee is small insurance against a total loss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"common-pitfalls-and-how-to-avoid-them\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Common Pitfalls and How to Avoid Them<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"assuming-escrow-is-standard\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Assuming escrow is standard<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is not. Escrow is voluntary in Thailand, and the default practice is direct payment. If you want escrow, you must raise it early and make it a condition of the deal. Sellers and some agents will tell you it is unnecessary. Treat that resistance as information, and weigh it accordingly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"using-an-agent-who-is-not-licensed-or-not-neutral\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Using an agent who is not licensed or not neutral<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A &#8220;company escrow&#8221; run by the developer, the seller&#8217;s lawyer, or a friendly intermediary is not escrow under the Act. It is just another party holding your money. Insist on a Ministry of Finance licensed agent, normally a commercial bank, with no link to the seller. If the other side cannot point you to a licensed agent, the arrangement does not give you the legal protection of the Escrow Act.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"vague-release-conditions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vague release conditions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the agreement releases funds on &#8220;completion&#8221; without defining it, you have given away the protection. Define completion as the registered transfer of title into your name at the Land Office, supported by the new title document. For a condominium, tie release to the registration of ownership and the issuance of the unit&#8217;s ownership documents. Read our guide to&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/buying-a-condominium-in-thailand\/\">buying a condominium in Thailand<\/a>&nbsp;for the condo-specific steps.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"ignoring-off-plan-protections\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ignoring off-plan protections<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Escrow is one tool, not the only one. Since 31 January 2025, the Office of the Consumer Protection Board has made the sale of condominium units with a reservation payment a contract-controlled business under the Consumer Protection Act (Contract Committee notification B.E. 2567, made under sections 35 bis and 35 octies of the Act and published in the Royal Gazette on 3 October 2024, vol. 141, special part 275 Ngor; in force 120 days after publication), so a reservation contract must carry the prescribed terms and may not contain the unfair ones the notification bars. For an off-plan purchase, combine that contract protection with escrow on your staged payments so the developer earns each installment by hitting real construction milestones.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"confusing-escrow-with-nominee-structures\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Confusing escrow with nominee structures<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Escrow protects your money. It does nothing to legalize a land purchase that a foreigner cannot lawfully make. Foreigners still cannot own land directly, and no escrow account fixes an illegal <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/nominee\/\">nominee<\/a> arrangement. Keep the two questions separate: can you legally hold this asset, and is your money safe during the transfer. For the ownership question, see&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreigners-buying-land-in-thailand\/\">foreigners buying land in Thailand<\/a>, and for long-term alternatives, our guide to the&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/lease-agreement-in-thailand\/\">lease agreement in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-2587-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is escrow legal in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. The Escrow Act B.E. 2551, in force since 21 May 2008, gives escrow arrangements full legal effect. The Ministry of Finance licenses the agents, and money held in a licensed escrow account is protected and segregated from the agent&#8217;s own assets.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2587-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is escrow required when buying property in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Escrow is voluntary. The standard practice is direct payment at the Land Office, which is exactly why buyers carry risk. If you want the protection, you must negotiate escrow into the sale contract before any money moves.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2587-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Who can act as an escrow agent in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Only agents licensed by the Ministry of Finance, typically commercial banks and financial institutions. The agent must be neutral, with no direct or indirect connection to the buyer or the seller. A bank in the same corporate group as the developer cannot act, but the developer&#8217;s lender can, provided it tells the parties it is the developer&#8217;s lender and stays neutral.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2587-4\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How much does an escrow account cost in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Fees are usually a small percentage of the transaction value, often a fraction of one percent, sometimes with a minimum charge. Buyer and seller agree in the contract how to split it. The cost is minor compared with the amount of money it protects.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2587-5\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">When does the escrow agent release the money to the seller?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Only when the conditions in the escrow agreement are met. For a property purchase, tie release to the registration of the title transfer into your name at the Land Office. If the conditions fail, the agent returns the funds to you.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2587-6\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does escrow protect me if the title deed is defective?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It can, if you draft the release conditions correctly. Make a clean title search and a valid registered transfer conditions of release. Escrow then keeps your money out of the seller&#8217;s hands until those conditions are satisfied. Pair it with thorough <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/due-diligence\/\">due diligence<\/a> for full protection.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-2587-7\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can foreigners use escrow accounts in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Nothing in the Escrow Act restricts escrow to Thai nationals. Foreign buyers can and should use escrow. Remember that escrow protects your money, not your right to own the asset, so confirm separately that the purchase itself is lawful for a foreigner.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"conclusion-a-small-step-that-removes-a-large-risk\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion: A Small Step That Removes a Large Risk<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The riskiest moment in a Thai property purchase is the stretch between paying and owning. Thai law tells you plainly, in CCC Section 456, that you own nothing until the transfer is registered. An escrow account in Thailand lets you respect that reality instead of gambling against it. You place the money with a neutral, licensed agent, you define release conditions tied to a clean registered transfer, and you take the seller&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/good-faith\/\">good faith<\/a> out of the equation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Escrow is not a cure for every property risk. It will not legalize an arrangement a foreigner cannot lawfully enter, and it will not replace careful due diligence on the title and the seller. What it does is simple and valuable: it keeps your money safe while everyone does what they promised. For a purchase worth millions of baht, that protection is worth asking for, and worth insisting on. If you are planning a purchase, speak with a Thai property lawyer about building escrow into your sale contract from the start, and review our full&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/property-lawyer-in-bangkok\/\">Thai property law<\/a>&nbsp;resources before you commit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border-left:5px solid #1a7f4b;background:#f4faf6;padding:16px 18px;margin:26px 0;border-radius:6px;\">\n<p style=\"margin:0;\"><strong>Escrow is only one of the protections available to a buyer.<\/strong> The others are contract terms and due diligence: see <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/condo-lawyer-in-thailand\/\">how a property lawyer protects a condo purchase<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Last reviewed: 27 September 2026. Read in Thai: Civil and Commercial Code sections 377, 378 and 456. The details of the Escrow Act B.E. 2551 (commencement date, licensing, neutrality, segregation of funds and the 30-day rule) and the fee and off-plan contract information were not checked against the instruments, which were not in the sources we could reach. On 6 October 2026 the Act (\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e39\u0e41\u0e25\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e55\u0e51, as amended in 2560 and 2562) was read in Thai: commencement 90 days after publication on 20 February 2008, licensing by the Minister of Finance (sections 4, 9, 10), the interest bar (section 12), segregation (section 14) and protection from creditors (section 25) match the page; the default equal fee split (section 8) was added; and a stated 30-day pay-out rule, which the Act does not contain, was removed.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>You wire the full purchase price to a seller you met three weeks ago, and you trust that the title [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-04\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"Escrow Accounts in Thailand","rank_math_title":"Escrow Accounts in Thailand: Protect Your Money (2026)","rank_math_description":"Escrow is legal in Thailand under the Escrow Act B.E. 2551. 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