{"id":313,"date":"2023-06-05T09:22:30","date_gmt":"2023-06-05T02:22:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-11-02T04:45:35","modified_gmt":"2026-11-01T21:45:35","slug":"child-custody-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/child-custody-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e39\u0e41\u0e25\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e19\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<section>\n<h2>\ud83c\udfa7 Listen: Child Custody in Thailand Explained<\/h2>\n<p>Thinking about child <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/child-custody\/\">custody<\/a> in Thailand? Before you read the full details, you can listen to this short audio guide. It covers the basics of how custody works in Thailand, especially for foreigners and mixed-nationality families.<\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"tlo-hublink wp-block-paragraph\">Custody interacts with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/legitimation\/\">legitimation<\/a>, divorce and inheritance, all covered in our overview of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-family-law\/\">family law in Thailand<\/a>. Our full guide: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/divorce-in-thailand\/\">divorce in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 31 August 2026.<\/strong> Sections 1520, 1521, 1522, 1526, 1547, 1564, 1566, 1567, 1568, 1571, 1574, 1582, 1598\/38, 1598\/39 and 1598\/41 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a> were each read against the Thai text in our own annotated Code. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> Decision 1694\/2569 was read in full in Thai, to its final disposition. The court procedure and district-office practice described below are practice rather than Code provisions and were not verified against a statute. On 3 October 2026 every other Supreme Court decision cited on this page (303\/2488, 2076\/2497, 1637\/2520, 2593\/2533, 3035\/2533, 1002\/2537, 4990\/2537, 4323\/2540, 8087\/2543, 2563\/2544, 819\/2546 and 116\/2547) was read in Thai to its disposition, together with Sections 1547, 1548 and 1585; the descriptions of 116\/2547, 2563\/2544, 2076\/2497 and 4990\/2537 were corrected.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<audio controls=\"\" preload=\"metadata\" style=\"width:100%; max-width:600px; margin-top:10px;\">\n<source src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/custody-of-children-in-thailand-podcast.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\"\/>\n    Your browser does not support the audio element. You can <a download=\"\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/custody-of-children-in-thailand-podcast.mp3\">download the audio file here<\/a>.\n  <\/audio>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\" id=\"What-is-needed-for-child-custody-in-Thailand\"><img alt=\"iconographic showing Child Custody in Thailand and what is needed\" class=\"wp-image-15936 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/03\/child-custody-in-thailand.png\" style=\"object-fit:cover;width:400px;height:400px\" title=\"What is needed for child custody in Thailand\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Whether you\u2019re a foreigner living in Thailand or a parent married to a Thai national, understanding <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">child custody in Thailand<\/a><\/strong> is essential, especially if you\u2019re facing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/divorce-in-thailand\/\">Thai divorce<\/a>, separation, or legal questions about your <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/parental-rights\/\">parental rights<\/a>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">Thai custody laws<\/a> are rooted in the <strong>Civil and Commercial Code<\/strong>, and court decisions are based on the <strong>best interests of the child<\/strong>, not just the wishes of the parents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The following article is co-written by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/our-team\/\">Mr. S\u00e9bastien Brousseau (LL.B., B.Sc. Managing Thai Law firms since 2006)<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/team\/wichuda-atthamethakon\/\">Khun Wichuda Atthamethakon (LL.M., Thai lawyer and Notarial Services Attorney)<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-child-custody-is-decided-in-thailand-1\">How Child Custody Is Decided in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#explaining-child-custody-in-thailand\">Explaining Thai Child Custody and Parental Rights in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#definitions-for-child-custody-in-thailand-learn-about-your-rights\">Definitions for Child Custody in Thailand : Learn about Your Rights<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#4-key-rights-about-child-custody-in-thailand\">Definitions for Thailand Child Custody: Learn About Your Rights<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#thai-law\">The Best Interests of the Child<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#action-to-legitimate-a-child-in-a-thai-court-get-child-custody-in-thailand-for-the-father\">How to legitimate Father\u2019s rights in Thailand to get child custody in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#moving-the-child-abroad-after-a-separation\">Moving the Child Abroad After a Separation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#case-studies\">Real Life Examples and Case Studies:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#supreme-court-decisions-on-child-custody-in-thailand-what-the-courts-really-consider\">Supreme Court Decisions on Child Custody in Thailand: What the Courts Really Consider<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faqs-about-child-custody-in-thailand\">Faqs about Child Custody in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#testimonials-of-clients\">Testimonials of clients:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#\ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83d\udc67-need-help-with-child-custody-in-thailand-1\">\ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83d\udc67 Need Help with Child Custody in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#links\">Additional Links:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#our-fees\">How custody work is priced<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#free-tools\">Try it yourself first, free<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-child-custody-is-decided-in-thailand-1\">How Child Custody Is Decided in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">Child custody in Thailand <\/a>can be established in two ways: <strong>by mutual agreement<\/strong> or <strong>through a court order<\/strong>. When both parents agree on custody, they can register this agreement at the local district office (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/amphoe-or-amphur-district-office\/\">Amphur<\/a>). This usually happens during a mutual consent divorce. This is the easiest and most cost-effective option.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If no agreement is reached, custody will be decided by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/family-court\/\">Family Court<\/a>. The court will look at several factors to decide what is best for the child. These factors include the child\u2019s age, physical and emotional needs, and living environment. They also consider each parent\u2019s financial and moral ability. Any history of abuse, neglect, or instability is important too.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To prepare for a custody case, it\u2019s essential to gather evidence such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Financial records showing your ability to provide for the child<\/li>\n\n<li>Character references or witness testimony<\/li>\n\n<li>Proof of your ongoing involvement in the child\u2019s life (school reports, photos, correspondence)<\/li>\n\n<li>Any relevant court documents or legal filings<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 If you\u2019re dealing with custody issues in Thailand, the decisions you make now can have long-term effects. Keep reading to understand how <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/parental-powers\/\">parental powers<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/visitation-rights\/\">visitation rights<\/a><\/strong>, and <strong>court rulings<\/strong> are applied in practice.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1566<\/h3><p>A minor child is under the parental power of both parents. Parental power rests with the father or the mother alone only in the cases this section lists, such as the death of the other parent, an adjudication of incapacity or quasi-incapacity, or a court order giving parental power to one of them.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A child who has not yet attained majority is subject to the parental power of the father and mother. Parental power rests with the father or the mother in the following cases: (1) the mother or the father is dead; (2) it is uncertain whether the mother or the father is alive or dead; (3) the mother or the father has been ordered by the court to be an incompetent or quasi-incompetent person; (4) the mother or the father has to be admitted to hospital by reason of mental infirmity; (5) the court orders that parental power rest with the father or the mother; (6) the father and mother have so agreed, in a case where the law provides that they may agree.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1566\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1520<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 23 January 2025<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">In the case of a divorce by mutual consent, the spouses shall make a written agreement as to which of them is to exercise parental power over which child. If no agreement is made, or agreement cannot be reached, the court shall decide.\n In the case of a divorce by judgment of the court, the court trying the divorce action shall also decide which party is to exercise parental power over which child. If, in so deciding, the court considers that there are grounds under Section 1582 for depriving the spouses of parental power, the court may deprive the spouses of parental power and order that a third person be guardian. In all of this, the court shall have regard primarily to the well-being and interests of the child.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1520\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1521<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If it appears that the person exercising parental power, or the guardian, under Section 1520 behaves improperly, or circumstances have subsequently changed, the Court may order a change of the person exercising parental power or of the guardian, having regard above all to the happiness and interest of the child.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1521\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1567<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 25 March 2025<\/span><\/h3><p>A person exercising parental power may determine the child&#039;s place of residence, punish the child to admonish, instruct or correct the child&#039;s behaviour, provided it does not amount to cruelty, violent harm to the child&#039;s body or mind, or improper treatment, require the child to do work reasonably suited to the child&#039;s ability and station in life, and demand the return of the child from anyone unlawfully detaining the child. Representing the child is Section 1569 and managing the child&#039;s property is Section 1571.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The person exercising parental power has the right: (1) to determine the child&#039;s place of residence; (2) to punish the child for the purpose of admonition, instruction or correcting behaviour, provided that this does not amount to cruelty, physical or mental violence, or other wrongful treatment; (3) to require the child to do work suitable to the child&#039;s ability and station in life; (4) to demand the return of the child from any other person who unlawfully detains the child.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1567\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1582<\/h3><p>The court may deprive a person of parental power, in whole or in part, where that person is adjudged incompetent or quasi-incompetent, abuses the parental power as regards the child&#039;s person, or is guilty of gross misconduct. Separately, where the person is bankrupt or is likely to endanger the minor&#039;s property by mismanagement, the court may deprive that person of the right of management. In either case the court may act of its own motion, or on the application of a relative of the child or of the Public Prosecutor.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If the person exercising parental power is adjudged incompetent or quasi-incompetent by order of the Court, or exercises parental power over the person of the minor improperly, or is guilty of gross misconduct, the Court may, of its own motion or on the application of a relative of the minor or of the public prosecutor, order that person to be deprived of parental power in part or in whole.\n If the person exercising parental power becomes bankrupt, or manages the minor&#039;s property wrongly so as to endanger it, the Court may, by the procedure in paragraph one, order that person to be deprived of the power to manage the property.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1582\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1547<\/h3><p>A child becomes legitimate when (1) the parents subsequently marry, (2) the father registers the child as his child (Section 1548 sets the consent requirements), or (3) the court issues a legitimation order.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A child born of parents who are not married to each other becomes legitimate only when the parents subsequently marry each other, or the father has registered the child as his child, or the court has given judgment that the child is his child.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1547\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1564<\/h3><p>Parents must maintain and educate their minor children. After the child reaches majority, the duty continues only if the child is disabled and unable to support themselves.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The father and mother are bound to maintain and give appropriate education to a child during the child&#039;s minority. The father and mother are bound to maintain a child who has attained majority only where that child is disabled and unable to earn a living.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1564\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1598\/39<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Where an interested person shows that the circumstances, income or condition of a party have changed, the Court may order an alteration of the maintenance by cancelling, reducing or increasing it, or by granting it again.\n Where the Court has not awarded maintenance solely because the other party was not at that time in a position to pay maintenance, if the circumstances, income or condition of that other party have changed and the circumstances, income or condition of the claimant are such that the claimant ought to receive maintenance, the claimant may apply to the Court to vary its order in that case.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-39\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1566<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e25\u0e38\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\n\n\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n\n(\u0e51) \u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e15\u0e32\u0e22\n\n(\u0e52) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e41\u0e19\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e32\u0e22\n\n(\u0e53) \u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\n\n(\u0e54) \u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e43\u0e19\u0e42\u0e23\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e08\u0e34\u0e15\u0e1f\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1f\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\n\n(\u0e55) \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\n\n(\u0e56) \u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1566\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1520<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 23 \u0e21\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2568<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e22\u0e34\u0e19\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e04\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\n\n\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e04\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e55\u0e58\u0e52 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e36\u0e07\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e01\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1520\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1521<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e01\u0e0f\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e55\u0e52\u0e50 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e36\u0e07\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e01\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1521\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1567<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 25 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e19\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2568<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34(\u0e51) \u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23(\u0e52) \u0e17\u0e33\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e17\u0e32\u0e23\u0e38\u0e13\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e38\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e34\u0e15\u0e43\u0e08 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a(\u0e53) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e23\u0e39\u0e1b(\u0e54) \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1567\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1582<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\u0e4c\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e20\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1582\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1547<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1547\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1564<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e08\u0e33\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e28\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\u0e4c\n\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e08\u0e33\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e25\u0e38\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e38\u0e1e\u0e1e\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1564\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1598\/39<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e25\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-39\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1566<\/h3><p>L&#039;enfant qui n&#039;a pas encore atteint la majorit\u00e9 est soumis \u00e0 l&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale de ses p\u00e8re et m\u00e8re.\nL&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale appartient au p\u00e8re ou \u00e0 la m\u00e8re dans les cas suivants :\n1\u00b0 la m\u00e8re ou le p\u00e8re est d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 ;\n2\u00b0 il est incertain que la m\u00e8re ou le p\u00e8re soit en vie ou d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 ;\n3\u00b0 la m\u00e8re ou le p\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9clar\u00e9 par le tribunal incapable ou quasi incapable ;\n4\u00b0 la m\u00e8re ou le p\u00e8re doit \u00eatre admis \u00e0 l&#039;h\u00f4pital en raison d&#039;un trouble mental ;\n5\u00b0 le tribunal ordonne que l&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale appartienne au p\u00e8re ou \u00e0 la m\u00e8re ;\n6\u00b0 le p\u00e8re et la m\u00e8re en sont convenus, dans les cas o\u00f9 la loi leur permet de convenir.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1566\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1520<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 23 janvier 2025<\/span><\/h3><p>En cas de divorce par consentement mutuel, les \u00e9poux conviennent par \u00e9crit de celui d&#039;entre eux qui exercera l&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale sur chaque enfant. \u00c0 d\u00e9faut d&#039;accord, ou s&#039;ils ne parviennent pas \u00e0 s&#039;accorder, le tribunal statue.\n\nEn cas de divorce prononc\u00e9 par jugement, le tribunal saisi de l&#039;action en divorce statue \u00e9galement sur la partie qui exercera l&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale sur chaque enfant. Si, en statuant, le tribunal estime qu&#039;il existe un motif de retirer l&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale aux \u00e9poux en vertu de l&#039;article 1582, il peut leur retirer l&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale et ordonner qu&#039;un tiers soit tuteur. Dans tous les cas, le tribunal prend principalement en consid\u00e9ration le bien-\u00eatre et l&#039;int\u00e9r\u00eat de l&#039;enfant.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1520\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1521<\/h3><p>Si le titulaire de l&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale ou le tuteur vis\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;article 1520 se conduit mal, ou si les circonstances changent, le tribunal peut le remplacer, en consid\u00e9rant principalement le bien-\u00eatre et l&#039;int\u00e9r\u00eat de l&#039;enfant.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1521\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1567<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 25 mars 2025<\/span><\/h3><p>Le titulaire de l&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale peut fixer la r\u00e9sidence de l&#039;enfant, le punir pour le corriger sans cruaut\u00e9, violence physique ou psychologique ni abus, le faire travailler selon ses capacit\u00e9s et sa condition, et le r\u00e9clamer \u00e0 quiconque le retient ill\u00e9galement.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1567\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1582<\/h3><p>Le tribunal, d&#039;office ou sur demande d&#039;un parent du mineur ou du procureur, peut retirer l&#039;autorit\u00e9 parentale, en tout ou partie, en cas d&#039;incapacit\u00e9 judiciaire, d&#039;abus ou d&#039;inconduite; en cas de faillite ou de gestion dangereuse, il peut retirer la gestion des biens.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1582\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1547<\/h3><p>L&#039;enfant n\u00e9 de p\u00e8re et m\u00e8re qui ne sont pas mari\u00e9s l&#039;un avec l&#039;autre ne devient enfant l\u00e9gitime que lorsque ses p\u00e8re et m\u00e8re se marient ult\u00e9rieurement, ou que le p\u00e8re l&#039;a fait enregistrer comme son enfant, ou que le tribunal a jug\u00e9 qu&#039;il est son enfant.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1547\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1564<\/h3><p>Les p\u00e8re et m\u00e8re sont tenus d&#039;entretenir leur enfant et de lui donner une \u00e9ducation convenable pendant sa minorit\u00e9.\nLes p\u00e8re et m\u00e8re ne sont tenus d&#039;entretenir l&#039;enfant devenu majeur que si celui-ci est invalide et incapable de subvenir \u00e0 ses propres besoins.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1564\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1598\/39<\/h3><p>Si circonstances, revenus ou situation changent, le tribunal peut r\u00e9voquer, r\u00e9duire, augmenter ou r\u00e9tablir la pension alimentaire. Si elle fut refus\u00e9e seulement faute de moyens du d\u00e9biteur, le demandeur peut solliciter une nouvelle d\u00e9cision lorsque la situation de celui-ci change et que la sienne le justifie.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-39\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/2971-2544-joint-parental-power\/\">2971\/2544<\/a> (2001): \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/1218-2567-child-support-recalculated-when-child-moves\/\">1218\/2567<\/a> (2024): \u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e22\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e16\u0e32\u0e27\u0e23<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/7345-2560-retroactive-child-maintenance-from-birth\/\">7345\/2560<\/a> (2017): \u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e07\u0e14\u0e39\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14 \u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 19 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"explaining-child-custody-in-thailand\">Explaining Thai Child Custody and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">Parental Rights in Thailand<\/a><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Let\u2019s start this article by explaining <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">Thai Child Custody<\/a> and the terms used. The most common are \u201c<strong>parental powers\u2019<\/strong>\u201c, \u201c<strong>custody<\/strong>\u201d and \u201c<strong>visitation rights<\/strong>\u201c. People often confuse them. Not all jurisdictions use the same terms in the same way. Therefore, we must use terms as they are found in Thai Civil law or in judgments from the Thai Courts.<br\/>In Common Law (Australia, UK, USA, etc.), the term \u201ccustody\u201d could be confused with \u201cparental powers\u201d. But under Thai law, there are other terms, like \u201c<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/guardian\/\">guardian<\/a><\/strong>\u201d or \u201c<strong>controller of property<\/strong>\u201c, that could apply.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Child custody in Thailand includes a parent\u2019s rights to make various decisions regarding the child\u2019s welfare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"definitions-for-child-custody-in-thailand-learn-about-your-rights\"><strong>D<\/strong>efinitions for Child Custody in Thailand : Learn about Your Rights<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cParental powers\u201d is the correct legal term child custody in Thailand. It refers to the rights and duties that parents have to raise their child. A parent or both parents having parental powers will have the right to make all the decisions concerning a child. This includes choices regarding religion, education or the child\u2019s residence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In discussions about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">child custody in Thailand<\/a>, it is important to know that parental rights can vary. This difference often depends on whether the parents are married.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In return, parents have an obligation to provide physical, moral and emotional health to the child. Parental powers in Civil Law are\u00a0<strong>WIDER<\/strong>\u00a0than terms like \u2018child custody in Thailand\u2019. We will see later that under Civil Law\u2019s custody\u2019; can apply when the parents are physically present. Under Civil Law, the parents can be away from a child and still have \u2018parental powers\u201d (or \u2018parental authority\u2019).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"4-key-rights-about-child-custody-in-thailand\">Definitions for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">Thailand Child Custody<\/a>: Learn About Your Rights<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cParental powers\u201d (in Thai, \u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23) is the legal term used in Thailand for what is commonly called \u201cchild custody.\u201d It refers to the rights and duties that a parent (or both parents) has to raise a child. This includes making decisions related to the child\u2019s education, religion, health care, and place of residence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"legal-framework-for-child-custody-in-thailand\">Legal Framework for Child Custody in Thailand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Child custody in Thailand is mainly governed by the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. Other laws help protect children\u2019s rights. One of these is the Child Protection Act of 2003. Another is the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/domestic-violence\/\">Domestic Violence<\/a> Victim Protection Act of 2007.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Thai law, custody is not only about who the child lives with. It includes broader legal responsibilities, known as <strong>parental powers (\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07)<\/strong>. These powers cover decisions about a child\u2019s education, medical care, religious upbringing, and overall well-being.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The rules differ depending on the parents\u2019 marital status:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>If the parents are married<\/strong>, they usually share joint parental powers.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>If the <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/divorce-in-thailand\/\"><strong>parents divorce<\/strong> in Thailand<\/a>, they can agree who will have custody and parental powers, or the court will decide.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>If the parents were never married<\/strong>, only the mother has parental rights. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legalization-of-fathers-rights-in-thailand\/\">The father must go through a legal process to legitimize the child under Thai law<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai courts always consider the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">best interests and welfare of the child<\/a><\/strong> (\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e01) when making decisions. This principle is central to both the Civil Code and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mekongmigration.org\/labourlaw\/images\/labourlaw\/pdf\/thailand\/51%20Child%20Protection%20Act.pdf\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\"><strong>Section 22 of the Child Protection Act B.E. 2546 (2003)<\/strong>.<\/a> Even if a parent has legal custody, authorities can step in under this Act. This happens if the child faces neglect, abuse, or other dangers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another important point is that l<strong>egal custody (parental powers)<\/strong> can exist. This can happen even if a parent does not live with the child. Physical custody (day-to-day care) and legal custody (decision-making authority) are not always the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In some cases, especially those involving domestic violence, the <strong>Domestic Violence Victim Protection Ac<\/strong>t can be used. This law lets courts provide protective measures for the child and the non-abusive parent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Foreigners with children in Thailand should know that custody rights from other countries may not be recognized here. A Thai court must approve these rights for them to be valid. Thai law remains focused on the child\u2019s well-being within the local legal framework.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"parental-powers-explained\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">Parental Powers in Thailand<\/a> Explained<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/documents\/CCCT%20Book%205%20FULL.pdf\">Section 1567 of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code (CCCT)<\/a>, parental powers include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Determining the child\u2019s place of residence<\/li>\n\n<li>Punishing the child to teach or correct behaviour, but never by cruelty, physical or mental violence, or other wrongful means<\/li>\n\n<li>Assigning suitable work to the child based on their ability and condition in life<\/li>\n\n<li>Demanding the return of the child from anyone unlawfully detaining them<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1571\/\">Section 1571<\/a> adds that parental powers also include the management of the child\u2019s property. However, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1574\/\">Section 1574<\/a> limits this power. It requires court approval for important legal actions involving the child\u2019s property. This includes selling or mortgaging immovable property, creating a usufruct or superficies, and leasing immovable property for more than three years.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"types-of-custody-in-thailand\">Types of Child Custody in Thailand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><tbody><tr><th>Type of Custody<\/th><th>Legal Rights Holder<\/th><th>Common Situations<\/th><\/tr><tr><td>Full Parental Powers (Sole)<\/td><td>One parent only<\/td><td>Other parent is absent, unfit, or removed by court order<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Joint Parental Powers<\/td><td>Both parents<\/td><td>Married or divorced with agreement or court decision<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Custody to a Third Party<\/td><td>Relative or guardian<\/td><td>Abuse, neglect, or death of both parents<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A single parent can get full parental powers under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1566\/\">Section 1566<\/a> CCC. Section 1566 paragraph two lists six cases: the other parent has died, it is uncertain whether they are alive, they have been declared incompetent or quasi-incompetent, they are in hospital for mental illness, a court has ordered parental power to one parent, or the parents have agreed it where the law allows. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1568\/\">Section 1568<\/a> states that if a parent remarries, parental powers remain with the biological parent, not the new spouse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"responsibilities-of-parents-and-children\">Responsibilities of Parents and Children<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Parents in Thailand must provide physical, emotional, and financial support to their children while they are minors. According to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1563\/\">Section 1563<\/a>, children must also support their parents. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1564\/\">Section 1564<\/a> states that parents must give proper education and care until their child turns 20 years old (Section 19).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"civil-law-vs-common-law-terminology\">Civil Law vs. Common Law Terminology<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In civil law, \u201ccustody\u201d in its common law sense includes both physical guardianship and legal authority. In Thailand, this is more accurately captured by \u201cparental powers.\u201d For example, under common law, custody can include managing the child\u2019s property. It also covers decisions about education and religion. Additionally, it can prevent the issuance of a passport. Thai law divides physical custody from decision-making authority. This means a parent can keep full parental rights even if the child lives somewhere else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"example-of-legal-vs-physical-custody\">Example of Legal vs. Physical Custody<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Consider this example: Parents X and Y are married and have a child Z. They send Z to study in the U.S. with an uncle. Although the uncle has physical custody, X and Y retain full parental powers and are legally responsible for decisions. The uncle does not have legal custody under Thai law unless ordered by a court.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"visitation-rights-in-thailand\">Visitation Rights in Thailand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Visitation rights are part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">child custody in Thailand<\/a> and should be clearly defined, especially after a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/divorce-in-thailand\/\">Thailand divorce<\/a>. A parent who does not have physical custody is usually granted visitation rights. These should specify how often visits occur, where, for how long, and under what conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"guardians-and-property-managers\">Guardians and Property Managers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A guardian (\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e01\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07) may be appointed if both parents have lost their rights or passed away. Guardians can be granted full parental powers by the court. In addition, a Last Will and Testament can appoint a property manager to oversee a child\u2019s assets until they reach majority.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Child Custody in Thailand\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/i19OwEJUssA?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Video: Child Custody in Thailand. <a href=\"\/videos\/child-custody-thailand\/\">Watch it on its own page<\/a> or browse <a href=\"\/videos\/\">all ThaiLawOnline videos<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"thai-law\">The Best Interests of the Child<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The guiding principle in all matters involving children is the \u201cbest interests of the child.\u201d Thai courts consider this above all else, especially when parents disagree on issues like education, religion, or living arrangements. The court will consider the child\u2019s wellbeing and emotional stability, not just parental preferences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"custody-decisions-after-divorce\">Custody Decisions After Divorce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If parents divorce by mutual consent, they must agree on who holds parental powers. If they cannot agree, the court will decide under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1520\/\">Section 1520<\/a> CCCT and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/contested-divorce-in-thailand\/\">divorce judgement<\/a> will be render. Once a custody decision is made, it can only be changed if new evidence or circumstances show it is best for the child. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1521\/\">Section 1521<\/a> lets the court change parental rights. This can happen if the current guardian acts badly or if there is a big change.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Understanding parental powers is essential to understanding <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">child custody in Thailand<\/a>. Knowing your rights is important, whether you are planning for the future or dealing with a dispute. Understanding what custody means can make a big difference.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"action-to-legitimate-a-child-in-a-thai-court-get-child-custody-in-thailand-for-the-father\"><strong>How to legitimate Father\u2019s rights in Thailand<\/strong> to get child custody in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If a father is not married to the mother, he needs to follow <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1547\/\">section 1547<\/a> of the Thai Commercial and Civil Code. This is necessary for him to have legal rights over the child. We always suggest non-married father to legitimate their rights for the purpose of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">child custody in Thailand<\/a>. Under Section 1547 the child becomes the father\u2019s legitimate child if the parents later marry, if the father registers the child as his at the district office, or by a court judgment. Registration needs the consent of the mother and of the child (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1548\/\">Section 1548<\/a>); if either objects, does not consent within 60 days of being notified (180 days if abroad), or cannot consent, for example because the child is too young, the father must go to court, and the court will usually order a social worker\u2019s report. If you want to establish your fatherly rights or need help with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-in-thailand\/\">Thai child custody<\/a>, ThaiLawOnline can help you. We wrote an article about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legalization-of-fathers-rights-in-thailand\/\">how to legalize your rights in Thailand as the father here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\" id=\"Child-Custody-in-Thailand\"><img alt=\"Factors Establishing Father's Rights in Thailand\" class=\"wp-image-15232 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/factors-to-establish-fathers-rights-in-thailand.png\" style=\"width:500px\" title=\"Child Custody in Thailand\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"moving-the-child-abroad-after-a-separation\">Moving the Child Abroad After a Separation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is decided by a single provision, and it is not the one most parents expect. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1567\/\">Section 1567<\/a>(1) of the Civil and Commercial Code gives the person exercising parental power the right <em>to determine the child\u2019s place of residence<\/em>. The test is therefore not who does the school run or whose house the child sleeps in. It is who holds parental power, and whether they hold it alone.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where both parents still hold parental power, neither of them can lawfully decide on their own that the child now lives in another country. There are three lawful routes, and all three should be arranged before anyone books a flight.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Written consent from the other holder of parental power<\/strong>, certified at the amphur. Certification is the point: the document has to be provable to a Thai official, to an airline, or to a court months later.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>A custody agreement recorded on divorce that already permits it.<\/strong> Where relocation is foreseeable, deal with it in the agreement at the time instead of renegotiating under pressure afterwards.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>A court order granting parental power to one parent<\/strong> under Section 1566(5), which lists an order of the court among the grounds on which one parent exercises parental power alone. Obtain the order <strong>before<\/strong> the move. A Thai court is far easier to approach while the child is still in Thailand.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A parent who moves the child without one of these has not merely started a custody dispute. The matter can become an international child abduction case, and the remedy then turns on treaty machinery rather than on the Thai family court alone. That machinery is narrower than most people assume, because Thailand acceded to the 1980 Hague Convention instead of signing it at the outset, so it operates only with countries that formally accepted the accession. We set out how that works, and how to check your own country, in our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-abduction-in-thailand\/\">child abduction in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-studies\">Real Life Examples and <strong>Case Studies:<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-study-1-joint-custody-agreement\"><em><strong>Case Study 1: Joint Custody Agreement<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mr. A and Ms. B, though divorced, agreed amicably on joint custody of their daughter. They drafted a custody plan detailing shared responsibilities and schedules, which was then submitted to the district office for official recognition. This collaborative approach minimized conflict and prioritized their child\u2019s well-being. It is very important to draft a complete and precise agreement to avoid potential problems in the future. ThaiLawOnline has the expertise and can help you to do that. It won\u2019t be expensive and it is really important. The amphur doesn\u2019t make long agreement and you should make your own agreement before divorcing by mutual consent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"case-study-2-sole-custody-decision\"><em><strong>Case Study 2: Sole Custody Decision<\/strong><\/em><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In another instance, Ms. C sought <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/full-custody\/\">sole custody<\/a> of her son due to Mr. D\u2019s history of substance abuse and neglect. The Family Court looked at the evidence and the child\u2019s best interests. They granted Ms. C sole custody. The court stressed the need for a safe and stable environment. Remember, you need strong evidence to get full and sole custody, but it is possible. The family court usually chooses joint parental rights in divorce cases in Thailand. This is unless strong evidence is shown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\" id=\"Example-of-Juvenile-and-Family-Court-in-Thailand\"><img alt=\"Thai Juvenile and Family Court in Bangkok. Where all divorces and custody cases happen in Bangkok.\" class=\"wp-image-17278 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/img_2830-scaled.jpeg\" style=\"width:500px\" title=\"Juvenile and Family Court in Bangkok, Thailand.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Thai Juvenile and Family Court in Bangkok<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decisions-on-child-custody-in-thailand-what-the-courts-really-consider\">Supreme Court Decisions on Child Custody in Thailand: What the Courts Really Consider<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At ThaiLawOnline, we\u2019ve handled numerous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/child-custody-lawyer-in-bangkok\/\">custody disputes<\/a> over the years and understand what Thai courts truly prioritize. The main point of custody decisions is the child\u2019s best interests and well-being. This is based on Supreme Court rulings and our experience. This focus is more important than the rights or wishes of the parents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Sections 1520 and 1521 of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code, courts decide custody based on what helps the child most. They consider the child\u2019s future, education, emotional stability, and overall well-being. This is consistent across all levels of the judiciary in Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"key-factors-the-supreme-court-regularly-considers-include\"><strong>Key factors the Supreme Court regularly considers include:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Age and needs of the child:<\/strong> Younger children are often placed with their mother. This is especially true if she can provide better care (see decision 303\/2488). If the mother acts inappropriately or the father is a better caregiver, custody may go to the father.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Continuity and environment<\/strong>: Courts avoid disrupting a stable and positive living situation. If the child is doing well with one parent, judges are unlikely to order a change that might cause emotional harm (see 3035\/2533, 8087\/2543).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Parental conduct and morality<\/strong>: A parent\u2019s behavior matters. In cases involving addiction, violence, or immoral conduct, the court may deny custody (see 1637\/2520).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Ability to provide care<\/strong>: While income and job security are relevant, they aren\u2019t the sole deciding factors. Courts look at a parent\u2019s overall ability to provide education, housing, healthcare, and emotional support (1002\/2537, 819\/2546).<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Emotional bond<\/strong>: The love, attachment, and warmth shown to the child are critical considerations.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Child\u2019s opinion:<\/strong> The Civil and Commercial Code fixes no age at which a child must be heard. The court may take into account the views of a child old enough to express them, but they are one factor, not the decision.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Keeping siblings together<\/strong>: Courts generally avoid separating siblings unless there\u2019s a compelling reason.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Parental availability<\/strong>: Judges will consider which parent has more time to devote to hands-on care (3035\/2533).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In some important rulings:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>In <strong>116\/2547<\/strong>, the father was a civil servant posted from one district to another, while the 12-year-old son lived with his mother, who paid his school fees, and told the probation officer he wanted to stay with her. The court found nothing wrong with the father as a parent, but gave the mother sole parental power for the child\u2019s welfare and his bond with her, and gave her the younger child as well so that the two siblings would grow up together. It did so even though the same judgment granted the father a divorce because of the mother\u2019s criminal conviction.<\/li>\n\n<li>In <strong>Supreme Court case 2563\/2544<\/strong>, the parents had agreed on divorce that the mother alone would hold parental power (sections 1520 and 1566 paragraph two (6)). When she died, the child\u2019s aunt asked to be appointed guardian. The Court held that such an agreement does not take parental power away from the father, so on the mother\u2019s death it passed back to him under Section 1566 paragraph two (1), and a guardian cannot be appointed while a parent still holds parental power (Section 1585). But it then used its own power under Section 1582 to withdraw the father\u2019s parental power, because he was in prison for selling drugs and had left the child in the aunt\u2019s care, and appointed the aunt as guardian.<\/li>\n\n<li>In the\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court case 2076\/2497<\/strong>, it is said that you cannot (normally) transfer parental powers. A child is not property that a parent can hand over. When the father died, the mother kept parental power, whether or not the child was the father\u2019s legitimate child, and a person who, at the father\u2019s request, had raised the child from three months old to the age of thirteen gained no right to be appointed guardian, however long the care and whatever it had cost, unless the mother\u2019s parental power is first withdrawn.<\/li>\n\n<li>An example where the Court refused to interfere in an previous agreement can be found in\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court judgment 4990\/2537<\/strong>. In that case the parents had agreed on divorce that the mother would hold sole parental power (sections 1520 paragraph one and 1566 (6)). The father later asked the court to appoint him guardian jointly with her. The Court refused: a guardian can be appointed only where a child has no parent holding parental power (Section 1585), and the mother\u2019s had not been withdrawn.<\/li>\n\n<li>Under Thai Law,\u00a0<strong>physical custody of a child can be done alternatively<\/strong>. For example, a child can spend one semester with one parent and then another semester, with the other one. An example of that is found in the\u00a0<strong>Supreme Court judgment 2593\/2533<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai courts may look at joint custody if it is best for the child. This is true if the parents can work together. Custody arrangements can also be changed later if circumstances shift and doing so would benefit the child (Section 1521).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Finally, custody rights can be removed. This can happen if a court has declared a parent incompetent or quasi-incompetent. It can also happen if a parent misuses their power or behaves very badly. This is mentioned in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1582\/\">Section 1582<\/a> (see 4323\/2540).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"supreme-court-decision-1694-2569\">Supreme Court Decision 1694\/2569 (Juvenile and Family Division): when child maintenance ends, even where the agreement says otherwise<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This 2026 ruling of the Juvenile and Family Division is the most practically useful decision on child maintenance to come out of the Supreme Court in years, because it answers the two questions our clients ask most often: can we agree to support a child past the age of 20, and if we do, are we locked in for good?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-facts\">The facts<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The parents divorced and settled their dispute by a compromise agreement dated 25 January 2559 (2016), which the court approved and entered as a judgment. Under that compromise the father undertook to pay:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>maintenance for the daughter and for the son, in each case until the child completed a <em>&#8220;bachelor&#8217;s degree or the highest level of education&#8221;<\/em>; and<\/li>\n\n<li>maintenance to the mother herself, expressly running until the son&#8217;s graduation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Years later the position on the ground had moved on. Both children had completed their university studies and were earning: the daughter was 25 and in employment, and the son had taken his bachelor&#8217;s degree. The father, for his part, had retired and was without a stable income. He applied to the court to be released from the payments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-the-supreme-court-held\">What the Supreme Court held<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>An agreement to maintain a child beyond majority is valid and enforceable.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1564\/\">Section 1564<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code binds parents to maintain and educate a child during minority, and to maintain a child of full age only where that child is disabled and unable to earn a living. That is a statutory floor, not a ceiling. Parents are free to promise more, and the Thai courts will hold them to the promise. The validity of the clause was challenged as contrary to public order and the Court rejected the challenge, describing the undertaking as an extension of the duty of maintenance past the child&#8217;s majority, made out of the goodwill of the father.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Maintenance never hardens into a fixed debt.<\/strong> Even though the figures here were set by a compromise which the court approved and entered as a judgment, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-39\/\">Section 1598\/39<\/a> allows the court, at any time and on the application of any interested person, to revoke, reduce, increase or restore maintenance once there has been a change in circumstances, in means, or in the condition in life of the parties. The Court described maintenance as being of a temporary character, open to alteration whether it was fixed by judgment, by agreement, or by compromise agreement. Converting an agreement into a judgment does not freeze it.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>&#8220;Bachelor&#8217;s degree or the highest level of education&#8221; means whichever comes first.<\/strong> The court gave the word &#8220;or&#8221; its plain disjunctive sense: the first of the two milestones to arrive brought the obligation to an end. The clause was not read as an open-ended commitment to fund postgraduate study.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Maintenance for both children was revoked.<\/strong> The daughter, at 25 and employed, was supporting herself. The son had taken his bachelor&#8217;s degree and was also in work. The court rested this on the compromise itself: its terms released the father once each child completed a bachelor&#8217;s degree or the highest level of education, whichever came first, and Section 1598\/39 confirms that maintenance fixed by a compromise can always be varied later.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>The mother&#8217;s own maintenance fell away with the son&#8217;s degree.<\/strong> Because her spousal maintenance had been drafted to run until the son graduated, it terminated on that same event. The father was released from all future payments, maintenance, education and medical alike, with effect from 9 June 2566.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>A history of paying extras created no obligation to continue.<\/strong> Over the years the father had paid for a number of things that the agreement did not require, including holiday travel, an iPhone and skincare. The Court held that a pattern of voluntary generosity does not enlarge the agreement or convert those items into enforceable maintenance.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Only one breach was proved.<\/strong> A single hospital bill of THB 4,750, which had been forwarded to the father with a receipt, remained unpaid, and he was ordered to pay it. On everything else he was found to have substantially complied.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Citation:<\/strong> Supreme Court Decision No. 1694\/2569, <span lang=\"th\">\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e41\u0e1c\u0e19\u0e01\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e40\u0e22\u0e32\u0e27\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e27<\/span> (Juvenile and Family Division). The provisions applied were <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1564\/\">CCC Section 1564 paragraph 1<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-38\/\">Section 1598\/38<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-39\/\">Section 1598\/39 paragraph 1<\/a>, together with Section 142(5) of the Civil Procedure Code read with Sections 246 and 252, and Section 6 of the Juvenile and Family Court and Its Procedure Act B.E. 2553. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-41\/\">Section 1598\/41<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1526\/\">Section 1526<\/a> are mentioned in this note for context and were not among the provisions applied.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-this-means-in-practice\">What this means in practice<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>If you are the paying parent.<\/strong> A court-approved divorce agreement is not necessarily a life sentence. Where the child has finished the degree, has started work, or is otherwise standing on their own feet, the route is not to stop paying but to apply to the Juvenile and Family Court under Section 1598\/39 to revoke or reduce the order. Stopping unilaterally leaves the existing judgment in force and open to enforcement, with arrears. Whether an application succeeds depends on the wording of your agreement and on your own facts, but 1694\/2569 shows that on the right facts the court will release the payer entirely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>If you are the receiving parent.<\/strong> The same section cuts both ways. If the paying parent&#8217;s income has risen sharply, or the child&#8217;s needs have grown (medical treatment, special educational needs), you can apply to increase maintenance that once looked settled. Equally, a figure agreed years ago at a low level is not a permanent ceiling.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Drafting warning: the word &#8220;or&#8221;.<\/strong> The phrase &#8220;until the child completes a bachelor&#8217;s degree or the highest level of education&#8221; looks generous to the recipient and reads, to most foreign clients, as &#8220;for as long as the child keeps studying&#8221;. The Supreme Court read it the other way: whichever event arrives first ends the obligation. If the intention is to fund study beyond a first degree, say so in terms, name the qualification, and set a longstop age (for example, &#8220;until the child attains the age of 25 or ceases full-time education, whichever is the later&#8221;). Ambiguity in a maintenance clause is resolved by a judge, not by the parent who drafted it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Generosity is not a promise.<\/strong> The father in this case had for years paid for things the agreement never mentioned, from family holidays to a phone. None of it created an obligation. That cuts both ways: a payer who gives extra is not building a liability, and a recipient who receives extra should not treat it as a term of the settlement. If something matters, it belongs in the agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Conditional payment clauses decide who wins the argument later.<\/strong> Maintenance agreements routinely make certain payments conditional, typically on prior consent before an expense is incurred, or on a receipt before reimbursement. Those conditions are where disputes are actually won and lost. In 1694\/2569 the single breach the mother could prove was a hospital bill of THB 4,750 that had been forwarded with a receipt. The receipt is what made it provable. Keep the paperwork, and draft the condition so both sides know exactly what triggers payment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Never peg your own maintenance to your child&#8217;s milestone.<\/strong> The mother in this case lost her personal maintenance not because she had ceased to need it, but because the clause had tied it to her son&#8217;s graduation. Where a spouse&#8217;s maintenance is agreed in a divorce settlement, give it its own start, its own duration and its own review trigger, drafted separately from anything concerning the children. Note that this is different from the statutory living allowance under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1526\/\">Section 1526<\/a>, which is available only where the divorce is granted on the sole fault of the other spouse, the divorce leaves the claimant poorer for lack of the income from property or work they had during the marriage, and the claim is raised in the divorce pleadings themselves. In a divorce by mutual consent, spousal maintenance exists because the parties agreed it, which makes the drafting the only protection you have.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Do not expect a &#8220;no variation&#8221; clause to hold.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-41\/\">Section 1598\/41<\/a> provides that the right to maintenance cannot be renounced, attached or transferred, and Decision 1694\/2569 shows the Section 1598\/39 power to revisit maintenance operating on figures fixed by a compromise that the court had approved. The safer assumption is that a clause declaring maintenance &#8220;final and not subject to variation&#8221; adds little. Draft towards a clear, foreseeable end point instead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:0.95em\"><em>This section is general information on Thai law, not advice on any particular case. Maintenance outcomes turn closely on the wording of the agreement and the parties&#8217; circumstances, so take advice on your own facts before acting.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These rulings affirm that Thai courts focus on what is best for the child, not what is easiest or most convenient for the parents. We know how judges think and what documents they need. We also know how to build a strong case that focuses on the child\u2019s well-being. If you need help with child custody in Thailand, our team is ready to assist you. We offer experience, compassion, and a clear legal plan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faqs-about-child-custody-in-thailand\"><strong>Faqs about Child Custody in Thailand<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1739394534915\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>How is child support in Thailand determined?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Child support in Thailand is set by reference to the needs of the child and the financial capacity of the parent, under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-38\/\">Section 1598\/38<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code. The Juvenile and Family Court weighs the ability of the parent who pays, the condition of the child who receives, and the circumstances of the case.<\/p>\n<p>The figure is never permanently fixed. Under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-39\/\">Section 1598\/39<\/a> either parent may return to court at any time and ask for the maintenance to be revoked, reduced, increased or restored once circumstances, income or condition in life have changed. Supreme Court Decision 1694\/2569 confirms that this applies even where the amount was agreed by the parents in a compromise and entered as a court judgment.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1739394625879\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>What role do family lawyers play in custody disputes?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/divorce-in-thailand\/\">Family lawyers in Thailand<\/a> help with custody disputes. They give legal advice, represent clients in court, and assist in negotiating settlements. They ensure that the legal rights of their clients are protected throughout the process.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1739394626956\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>How does child legitimation affect custody rights in Thailand?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Child legitimation can change custody rights. It legally recognizes the father of a child, which may affect custody choices. It is crucial to address legitimation issues to establish parental rights over a child in custody disputes.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1739394659894\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Can a non-parent obtain custody of a child in Thailand?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>In certain situations, a non-parent may obtain custody of a child in Thailand if it is in the child\u2019s best interests. The family court considers the ability of the non-parent to provide a stable and nurturing environment. We have done cases where grandparents, for example, got custody rights.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1739394660973\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>What are the legal rights of parents to raise a child after a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/divorce-in-thailand\/\">divorce in Thailand?<\/a><\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>After a divorce in Thailand, legal rights to raise a child are typically determined by the family court. Custody of their child may be granted to one or both parents, depending on what arrangement serves the child\u2019s best interests.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1694256901\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Does child support in Thailand stop when the child turns 20?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>As a matter of statute, largely yes. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1564\/\">Section 1564<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code obliges parents to maintain and educate a child during minority, which in Thailand ends at 20, and to maintain an adult child only where that child is disabled and unable to earn a living.<\/p>\n<p>The practical answer is more nuanced, because most divorcing parents sign an agreement that goes further. Where they do, the agreement governs, and Supreme Court Decision 1694\/2569 confirms that a promise to support a child past majority is valid and enforceable in Thailand.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1694256902\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Can we agree to pay child support beyond the age of 20 in Thailand?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Section 1564 sets the minimum obligation, not the maximum. Parents may agree to support a child through university or to any later point they choose, and the Thai courts will enforce that agreement, including where it has been incorporated into a divorce settlement approved by the court. Supreme Court Decision 1694\/2569 confirms it.<\/p>\n<p>The point to understand before signing is that enforceable does not mean unchangeable. See the next question.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1694256903\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Can a Thai court change child support that was fixed in a court-approved divorce agreement?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. This is the central holding of Supreme Court Decision 1694\/2569. Maintenance remains variable at any time under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1598-39\/\">Section 1598\/39<\/a>, even where the amount was fixed by a compromise agreement that the court approved and entered as a judgment. Any interested person may apply, and the court may revoke, reduce, increase or restore the payments where circumstances, means or condition in life have changed.<\/p>\n<p>In that case the father was released from all future payments with effect from 9 June 2566. Both children had graduated and were working, which met the release condition in the compromise itself.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1694256904\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>What does &#8220;until the child completes a bachelor&#8217;s degree or the highest level of education&#8221; actually mean?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It means whichever of the two comes first. In Supreme Court Decision 1694\/2569 the court read the word &#8220;or&#8221; disjunctively, so the son&#8217;s bachelor&#8217;s degree ended the obligation. It was not a commitment to fund a master&#8217;s degree or any further study.<\/p>\n<p>If you intend maintenance to continue through postgraduate study, the clause has to say so, name the qualification and add a longstop age. Do not rely on wording of this kind to protect a child through further study.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1694256905\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Does my spousal maintenance end when my child graduates?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>It does if that is how the clause was drafted, and this is a trap worth naming. In Supreme Court Decision 1694\/2569 the mother&#8217;s own maintenance had been pegged to her son&#8217;s graduation. When the son completed his bachelor&#8217;s degree, her maintenance ended with it, regardless of her own circumstances.<\/p>\n<p>Spousal maintenance agreed in a settlement should be drafted with its own start, its own duration and its own review trigger, entirely separate from the children&#8217;s arrangements. The statutory living allowance under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1526\/\">Section 1526<\/a> is a different and narrower remedy, available only where the divorce is granted on the sole fault of the other spouse, the divorce leaves the claimant poorer for lack of the income from property or work they had during the marriage, and the claim is made in the divorce pleadings.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1694256906\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>My ex-spouse stopped paying because our child finished university. Was that lawful?<\/strong><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Not by itself. The obligation ends when the court says it ends, not when the paying parent decides the trigger has occurred. The correct step is an application under Section 1598\/39 to revoke or reduce the order. Until that application succeeds, the existing judgment stands and can be enforced, with arrears.<\/p>\n<p>If you are on the receiving end of a unilateral stoppage, or you are the payer and want to stop lawfully, speak to a Thai family lawyer before the arrears build up.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1748925299145\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What happens if spouses cannot agree on child custody in a Thai divorce?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The court will decide what is best for the child. It will look at the child\u2019s age, a stable home, and how well each parent can care for the child. Mediation is often encouraged first.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"testimonials-of-clients\">Testimonials of clients:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"tlo-testimonial-grid\" style=\"display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(260px,1fr));gap:22px;margin:28px 0\"><figure style=\"margin:0;background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e3e7ee;border-top:4px solid #FECB01;border-radius:10px;padding:22px 22px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(30,52,85,.06)\"><div aria-label=\"5 out of 5 stars\" style=\"color:#FECB01;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:2px;margin-bottom:8px\">\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/div><p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#1E3455;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 10px\">I wouldn\u2019t consider using anyone else.<\/p><blockquote style=\"margin:0 0 14px;padding:0;border:0;font-style:italic;font-size:.97rem;line-height:1.6;color:#334155;flex:1\">I\u2019ve been living in Issan for over 10 years now, and I\u2019ve had reason to use Sebestian on several occasions.&nbsp; The first time I can remember was for an usufruct, the second was for a separation agreement, the third was for a divorce and child custody and the fourth was for a Last Will and Testament. On every occasion, Sebestian didn\u2019t limit himself to the bare bones of what was needed. He took the time to understand the issue thoroughly, and together with his partner, made contentious issues as painless as they could possibly be. I\u2019ve been impressed with the countless hours he works, I\u2019ve had replies at 2.00 am, and I have lost count of how many times he\u2019s given me advice on what and what isn\u2019t possible in Thai Law. This is a man who genuinely cares about the standard of the work he does. I wouldn\u2019t consider using anyone else.<\/blockquote><figcaption style=\"font-size:.92rem;color:#1E3455\"><strong>Mark C.<\/strong><br><span style=\"color:#64748b\">Nong Bua Lamphu.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure style=\"margin:0;background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e3e7ee;border-top:4px solid #FECB01;border-radius:10px;padding:22px 22px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(30,52,85,.06)\"><div aria-label=\"5 out of 5 stars\" style=\"color:#FECB01;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:2px;margin-bottom:8px\">\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/div><p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#1E3455;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 10px\">fully recommend them. Sebastian and his team are A+<\/p><blockquote style=\"margin:0 0 14px;padding:0;border:0;font-style:italic;font-size:.97rem;line-height:1.6;color:#334155;flex:1\">I used them \u201cfor my child custody here in Thailand. I was led to believe that I had 50\/50 custody but it turned out I had 0% They build a case in thai court that got me awarded 100% parental power of my son. This is Rare in Thailand especially for a foreigner. If you have child custody issues I fully recommend them. Sebastian and his team are A+.<\/blockquote><figcaption style=\"font-size:.92rem;color:#1E3455\"><strong>Bob H.<\/strong><br><span style=\"color:#64748b\">Thailand.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure style=\"margin:0;background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e3e7ee;border-top:4px solid #FECB01;border-radius:10px;padding:22px 22px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(30,52,85,.06)\"><div aria-label=\"5 out of 5 stars\" style=\"color:#FECB01;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:2px;margin-bottom:8px\">\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/div><p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#1E3455;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 10px\">diligence and perfection<\/p><blockquote style=\"margin:0 0 14px;padding:0;border:0;font-style:italic;font-size:.97rem;line-height:1.6;color:#334155;flex:1\">Sebastian and his team handled our complicated international child custody case with diligence and perfection. They left no stone un-turned and simply out classed the other attorneys making them look un-prepared. We successfully kept our boys with their mother here in Thailand and blocked them from being sent to Europe. I simply do not think we would have won the case with a different team. Reuniting a mother with children that had been wrongly taken away from her is a gift that words cannot express. Thank you!<\/blockquote><figcaption style=\"font-size:.92rem;color:#1E3455\"><strong>Jake O.<\/strong><br><span style=\"color:#64748b\">Canadian<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><figure style=\"margin:0;background:#ffffff;border:1px solid #e3e7ee;border-top:4px solid #FECB01;border-radius:10px;padding:22px 22px 18px;display:flex;flex-direction:column;box-shadow:0 2px 8px rgba(30,52,85,.06)\"><div aria-label=\"5 out of 5 stars\" style=\"color:#FECB01;font-size:18px;letter-spacing:2px;margin-bottom:8px\">\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605\u2605<\/div><p style=\"font-weight:700;color:#1E3455;font-size:1.05rem;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 10px\">fantastically knowledgeable in all that they do<\/p><blockquote style=\"margin:0 0 14px;padding:0;border:0;font-style:italic;font-size:.97rem;line-height:1.6;color:#334155;flex:1\">This law firm is truly a fantastic international law firm. They will work for you, be honest with you and they are fantastically knowledgeable in all that they do.<\/blockquote><figcaption style=\"font-size:.92rem;color:#1E3455\"><strong>Leila S.<\/strong><br><span style=\"color:#64748b\">Pattaya<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"\ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83d\udc67-need-help-with-child-custody-in-thailand-1\">\ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83d\udc67 Need Help with Child Custody in Thailand?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Child custody disputes can be overwhelming, especially when you\u2019re navigating them in a foreign country. Whether you\u2019re separated, going through a divorce, or just want to protect your parental rights, <strong>you don\u2019t have to face this alone<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At <strong>ThaiLawOnline<\/strong>, we help foreigners and mixed-nationality families understand and assert their rights under Thai law. We will listen to your situation and help you find a solution that protects your child. We will keep you informed at every step.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2705 Legal advice in clear English<br\/>\u2705 Representation in court when needed<br\/>\u2705 Drafting of custody agreements or modifications<br\/>\u2705 Help with sole custody, joint custody, or parental powers<br\/>\u2705 Experience with both civil and criminal matters<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\ud83d\udce9 <strong>Contact our legal team today at <a href=\"mailto:info@thailawonline.com\">info@thailawonline.com<\/a><\/strong> or click the Messenger icon below for a confidential consultation.<br\/>Because when it comes to your child, every step matters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">And you can communicate with us on\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/m.me\/thailawonline\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\ud83d\udcac Messenger<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/wa.me\/66872251340\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\ud83d\udcf1 WhatsApp<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/thailawonline\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\ud83d\udcf8 Instagram<\/a><a href=\"mailto:info@thailawonline.com\">\ud83d\udce7 Email<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"links\">Additional Links:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailandcourt.com\/the-juvenile-and-family-courts\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Juvenile and Family Court in Thailand<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"our-fees\">How custody work is priced<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"tlo-trust-fees\">\n            \n            <div class=\"tlo-trust-fees__scroll\">\n                <table class=\"tlo-trust-fees__table\">\n                    <thead>\n                        <tr>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/th>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22<\/th>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/th>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32<\/th>\n                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/thead>\n                    <tbody>\n                                            <tr>\n                            <th scope=\"row\" class=\"tlo-trust-fees__name\">\n                                Child custody and parental rights                            <\/th>\n                            <td class=\"tlo-trust-fees__price is-quote\">\n                                \u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32                                                            <\/td>\n                            <td>Consultation first at 2,000 per hour. A fixed fee for the court or district-office work is quoted after that.<\/td>\n                            <td>Depends on route: district office or Juvenile and Family Court<\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                                        <\/tbody>\n                <\/table>\n            <\/div>\n\n                            <p class=\"tlo-trust-fees__note\"> Government disbursements are charged at cost unless the service says they are included.                <\/p>\n            \n                            <p class=\"tlo-trust-fees__cta\">\n                    <a class=\"tlo-trust-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/book-consultation\/\">\n                        \u0e08\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32                    <\/a>\n                    <span class=\"tlo-trust-badge tlo-trust-badge--response\"><span class=\"tlo-trust-badge__tick\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9679;<\/span> Answer within 24 to 48 hours <span class=\"tlo-trust-badge__langs\">EN \u00b7 FR \u00b7 TH<\/span><\/span>                <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>These fees come from one source and are the same everywhere on this site. See <a href=\"\/pricing\/\">all our fees<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"free-tools\">Try it yourself first, free<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You do not have to book anything to get started. These run in your browser, and you only pay us if you decide you want a lawyer involved.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"tlo-trust-tools\">\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-tool\">\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__title\">\n                        \u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22 AI \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-tool__tier tlo-trust-tool__tier--free\">\n                            \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35                        <\/span>\n                    <\/p>\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__blurb\">\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 77,000 \u0e04\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35<\/p>\n                                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"tlo-trust-btn tlo-trust-tool__chat\"\n                                data-tlo-event=\"assistant_open\">\n                            \u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21                        <\/button>\n                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"tlo-trust-tools\">\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-tool\">\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__title\">\n                        Expat Legal Health Check                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-tool__tier tlo-trust-tool__tier--free\">\n                            \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35                        <\/span>\n                    <\/p>\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__blurb\">Ten minutes on your property, family, visa and will. You get a written report naming the exact gaps and what each one costs to fix.<\/p>\n                                            <a class=\"tlo-trust-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/legal-health-check-for-expats\/\" data-tlo-event=\"tool_click\" data-tool=\"health-check\">\n                            Take the Legal Health Check                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83c\udfa7 Listen: Child Custody in Thailand Explained Thinking about child custody in Thailand? Before you read the full details, you [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":684,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-02\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"child custody thailand","rank_math_title":"Child Custody in Thailand: Rights, Courts and Outcomes","rank_math_description":"Who holds custody when parents are unmarried, how a Thai father legitimates a child, what courts weigh in a dispute, and how custody works across borders.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"Child Custody Thailand","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-313","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/313","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=313"}],"version-history":[{"count":45,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/313\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11797,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/313\/revisions\/11797"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/684"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=313"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}