{"id":315,"date":"2023-05-06T10:54:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-06T03:54:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/"},"modified":"2026-11-09T01:02:25","modified_gmt":"2026-11-08T18:02:25","slug":"usufruct-agreement-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"tlo-answer-first wp-block-paragraph\">A usufruct (\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19, sitthi kep kin) is a right registered on a Thai title deed that lets a person possess, use and earn income from land or a house owned by someone else (section 1417 of the Civil and Commercial Code). It can be granted for a fixed term of up to 30 years or for the holder&#8217;s lifetime, and it always ends when the holder dies (section 1418). Foreigners use it most often to secure their home on land owned by a Thai spouse or partner. ThaiLawOnline drafts usufruct agreements for 3,900 THB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usufruct separates ownership from use. The usufructuary gets the benefits of the property. The landowner keeps bare legal title. For foreigners in Thailand, usufruct is one of the strongest legal tools available. Foreigners generally cannot own land under the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/land-code\/\">Land Code<\/a> Act B.E. 2497. A registered usufruct lets a foreign national legally occupy and enjoy property for their entire lifetime. The right is enforceable against the whole world, including any future buyers of the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img alt=\"A shaded veranda and tropical garden beside a Thai-style home.\" class=\"wp-image-9201 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/usufruct-thailand-home-veranda.webp\" width=\"1600\" height=\"900\" style=\"width:800px;max-width:100%;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/usufruct-thailand-home-veranda.webp 1600w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/usufruct-thailand-home-veranda-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/usufruct-thailand-home-veranda-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/usufruct-thailand-home-veranda-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/usufruct-thailand-home-veranda-1536x864.webp 1536w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/usufruct-thailand-home-veranda-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/usufruct-thailand-home-veranda-600x338.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A Thai lawyer drafts your usufruct agreement in Thai and English for a fixed 3,900 THB, first draft in 5 to 7 working days, with guidance for registering it at the Land Office. The Land Office fee is paid there, at cost. If you would rather fill it in yourself, the template is 890 THB.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/usufruct-agreement-drafted-and-registered\/\">Order the 3,900 THB agreement<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#0f2542;border-radius:14px;padding:18px 22px;margin:0 0 20px;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:14px;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between\"><div style=\"flex:1 1 300px\"><div style=\"color:#c2a25a;font-weight:600;font-size:12px;letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase\">Bilingual template \u00b7 \u0e41\u0e21\u0e48\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32<\/div><div style=\"color:#fff;font-size:17px;font-weight:600\">Download the Usufruct Agreement, \u0e3f890, free for Silver members<\/div><div style=\"color:#9fb0c9;font-size:14px\">\u0e14\u0e32\u0e27\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e42\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e3f890 \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01 Silver \u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b<\/div><\/div><a href=\"\/product\/usufruct-agreement-template-bilingual-en-th\/\" style=\"flex:0 0 auto;background:#c2a25a;color:#3a2c08;font-weight:600;padding:12px 22px;border-radius:10px;text-decoration:none\">Get the template \u2192<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f5f7fb;border:1px solid #e6eaf1;border-radius:10px;padding:12px 16px;margin:10px 0 18px\">\ud83d\udcc4 <strong>Need the contract?<\/strong> <a href=\"\/product\/usufruct-agreement-template-bilingual-en-th\/\"><strong>Download our bilingual usufruct agreement template<\/strong><\/a>, the English\/Thai contract sample drafted as an addendum to the registered usufruct, with the Land Office registration guide. Free download for Silver members, or \u0e3f890 once.<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"listen-to-our-usufruct-agreement-explanation\">\ud83c\udfa7 Listen to Our Usufruct Agreement Explanation<\/h2>\n<p>If you prefer listening, you can hear a short podcast explaining usufruct agreements in Thailand. Click below to play:<\/p>\n <audio controls=\"\" preload=\"metadata\" style=\"width: 100%;\">\n<source src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/06\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand-podcast.mp3\" type=\"audio\/mpeg\">\n Your browser does not support the audio element.\n <\/audio>\n\n\n\n<script>\n(function(){\n  \/\/ The site sends X-Frame-Options: DENY on every response, which blocks a normal\n  \/\/ same-origin iframe too. A blob: document carries no HTTP headers, so fetching\n  \/\/ the file and framing the blob renders it without loosening the sitewide header.\n  function setup(box){\n    if (box.getAttribute('data-tlo-init')) return;\n    box.setAttribute('data-tlo-init', '1');\n    var src = box.getAttribute('data-tlo-blobframe');\n    var msg = box.querySelector('[data-tlo-msg]');\n    var play = box.querySelector('[data-tlo-play]');\n    var wrap = box.parentNode;\n    var full = wrap ? wrap.querySelector('[data-tlo-full]') : null;\n    var started = false;\n\n    function fallback(){\n      if (msg) msg.innerHTML = 'Could not load here. <a href=\"' + src + '\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#9a7c39;font-weight:600\">Open it in a new tab<\/a>';\n    }\n\n    function load(){\n      if (started) return;\n      started = true;\n      if (!window.fetch || !window.URL || !URL.createObjectURL) { fallback(); return; }\n      fetch(src, { credentials: 'same-origin' })\n        .then(function(r){ if (!r.ok) throw new Error(r.status); return r.text(); })\n        .then(function(html){\n          var url = URL.createObjectURL(new Blob([html], { type: 'text\/html' }));\n          var f = document.createElement('iframe');\n          f.src = url;\n          f.title = box.getAttribute('data-tlo-frame-title') || 'Animated walkthrough';\n          f.setAttribute('allowfullscreen', '');\n          f.style.cssText = 'position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;border:0';\n          f.onload = function(){\n            var gone = play || msg;\n            if (gone && gone.parentNode) gone.parentNode.removeChild(gone);\n          };\n          box.appendChild(f);\n          if (full && (f.requestFullscreen || f.webkitRequestFullscreen)) {\n            full.addEventListener('click', function(ev){\n              ev.preventDefault();\n              (f.requestFullscreen || f.webkitRequestFullscreen).call(f);\n            });\n          }\n        })\n        .catch(fallback);\n    }\n\n    \/\/ A film high on the page is click-to-play: 1.1MB should not download\n    \/\/ itself before a visitor has asked for it. Lower down, it lazy-loads.\n    if (box.getAttribute('data-tlo-clicktoplay') === '1' && play) {\n      play.addEventListener('click', function(){\n        if (msg) msg.textContent = 'Loading\u2026';\n        load();\n      });\n    } else if ('IntersectionObserver' in window) {\n      var io = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries){\n        if (entries[0].isIntersecting) { io.disconnect(); load(); }\n      }, { rootMargin: '500px 0px' });\n      io.observe(box);\n    } else {\n      load();\n    }\n  }\n\n  var boxes = document.querySelectorAll('[data-tlo-blobframe]');\n  for (var i = 0; i &lt; boxes.length; i++) setup(boxes[i]);\n})();\n<\/script>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#f5f7fb;border-left:4px solid #c2a25a;border-radius:8px;padding:12px 16px;margin:0 0 18px;font-size:13.5px;color:#33485c\">Written by <strong>Sebastien H. Brousseau, LL.B., B.Sc.<\/strong> (ThaiLawOnline), who published one of Thailand\u2019s first public usufruct guides in <strong>2008<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/aseannow.com\/topic\/171307-everything-you-wanted-to-know-about-usufruct-agreements-in-thailand\/\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color:#9a7c39;font-weight:600\" target=\"_blank\">Read the 2008 guide \u2192<\/a><br\/><span style=\"color:#7a8694\">\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 20 \u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e40\u0e0b\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e15\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e42\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e0b\u0e39\u0e27\u0e4c \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1c\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01 \u0e46 \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e35 2551<\/span><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This guide covers what a usufruct is, how to register it, what it costs and where it can go wrong, with the statute text in the box further down and the key Supreme Court decisions at the end.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-is-a-usufruct-definition-for-non-lawyers\">What Is a Usufruct. (Definition for Non-Lawyers)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#how-usufruct-works-in-practice\">How Usufruct Works in Practice<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#cost\">How Much Does a Usufruct Cost in Thailand? (2026)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#three-ways\">Three Ways to Get Your Usufruct Agreement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#usufruct-vs-lease-vs-superficies-quick-comparison\">Usufruct vs. Lease vs. Superficies. Quick Comparison<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#who-uses-usufruct-in-thailand\">Who Uses Usufruct in Thailand.<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#risks-and-limitations\">Risks and Limitations. What We Tell Clients Honestly<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#key-supreme-court-decisions-on-usufruct\">Key Supreme Court Decisions on Usufruct<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#our-experience-why-thai-law-online\">Our Experience. Why ThaiLawOnline<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently Asked Questions about Thai Usufruct<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#links-1\">Links:<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-complete-usufruct-series-all-our-guides\">The Complete Usufruct Series: All Our Guides<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#our-fees\">Our fee for a usufruct agreement<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#free-tools\">Try it yourself first, free<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-is-a-usufruct-definition-for-non-lawyers\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Is a Usufruct. (Definition for Non-Lawyers)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Short definition: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/usufruct\/\">usufruct meaning<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-simple-explanation\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Simple Explanation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Think of usufruct as the right to live in, use, and profit from property you do not own. The simplest analogy for readers from common law countries (Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, or Australia) is the&nbsp;<strong>life estate.<\/strong>&nbsp;One person has the right to live on and benefit from property for their lifetime. After that, it goes back to the owner.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In civil law systems. France, Quebec, Germany, and Thailand have all adopted usufruct. The Thai Civil and Commercial Code of B.E. 2468 (1925) included it. The code was heavily influenced by European civil codes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you want to see a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/\">usufruct in Thailand visually explained in simple terms, click here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"usufruct-vs-ownership-what-you-actually-get\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Usufruct vs. Ownership. What You Actually Get<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A usufructuary receives three core rights under Section 1417 of the CCC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Right<\/th><th>What It Means in Practice<\/th><th>What You Cannot Do<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Possession<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07)<\/td><td>Live on the land, occupy the house, control access<\/td><td>Sell the property<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Use<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49)<\/td><td>Farm the land, operate a business, use it personally<\/td><td>Destroy or radically change the property<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Enjoyment of Fruits<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c)<\/td><td>Collect rent, harvest crops, receive all income<\/td><td>Bequeath the usufruct in a will<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The usufructuary also has the&nbsp;<strong>power to manage the property<\/strong>&nbsp;(\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19). This includes the right to lease the property, collect rent, and file lawsuits. For example, you can evict tenants. You don\u2019t need the landowner\u2019s permission unless your agreement says so. The Supreme Court has confirmed this many times (see&nbsp;<a href=\"\/supreme-court-usufruct-thailand\/\">our analysis of 64 Supreme Court decisions<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"Usufruct in Thailand:  Comprehensive Guide for Foreigners\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/qY42meeQjJY?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Video: Usufruct in Thailand: Comprehensive Guide for Foreigners. <a href=\"\/videos\/usufruct-thailand\/\">Watch it on its own page<\/a> or browse <a href=\"\/videos\/\">all ThaiLawOnline videos<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Usus:<\/strong>&nbsp;The right to use or possess the property.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fructus:<\/strong>&nbsp;The right to benefit from the property\u2019s \u201cfruits,\u201d such as crops or rental income (as clarified in Section 148).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Abusus:<\/strong>&nbsp;The right to dispose of the property (sell, transfer, or even destroy it), which is full ownership.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\" id=\"Understanding-the-usufruct\"><img alt=\"Infographic explaining the three parts of property rights in civil law: usus (right to use), fructus (right to receive income), and abusus (right to sell or dispose). Shows that usufruct includes usus and fructus but excludes abusus.\" class=\"wp-image-17983 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/understanding-usufruct-usus-fructus-abusus-civil-law.webp\" style=\"width:600px\" title=\"Understanding the usufruct\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"why-usufruct-matters-for-foreigners-in-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Usufruct Matters for Foreigners in Thailand<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Thai law, foreigners generally cannot own land: the Land Code allows it only under a treaty (Section 86) or, narrowly, with a minimum 40-million-baht investment and ministerial permission (Section 96 bis). This is a problem for the thousands of foreign retirees, spouses of Thai nationals, and business people who live in Thailand. They want to secure their homes. Usufruct provides a solution. It\u2019s a&nbsp;<strong>registered real right<\/strong>&nbsp;that gives the foreign holder virtually all the practical benefits of ownership. You don\u2019t actually need to own the land.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A registered usufruct binds not only the current landowner but also any future buyer. If the Thai landowner sells the property, the foreign usufructuary\u2019s right survives. The buyer takes the property subject to the usufruct. This makes usufruct much stronger than an unregistered lease or a private agreement. For a detailed comparison, see our guide on&nbsp;<a href=\"\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/\">usufruct for foreigners in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1417<\/h3><p>A usufruct gives a person the right to possess, use and take the fruits and income of another person&#039;s immovable property, and the right to manage it. Ownership stays with the owner. The term is governed by Section 1418: it may be for a fixed period or for the usufructuary&#039;s life, and where a period is fixed, Section 1403 paragraph 3 applies, which caps it at thirty years.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An immovable property may be subject to a usufruct, by virtue of which the usufructuary is entitled to possess, use and take the benefit of that property.\n The usufructuary has the power to manage the property.\n A usufructuary of a forest, mine or quarry is entitled to exploit the forest, mine or quarry.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1417\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1418<\/h3><p>A usufruct may be created for a fixed period or for the life of the usufructuary. If no period is fixed, it is presumed to be for the usufructuary&#039;s life. Where a period is fixed, Section 1403 paragraph 3 applies, so it cannot exceed thirty years, though it may be renewed. A usufruct comes to an end on the death of the usufructuary and does not pass to heirs.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A usufruct may be created either for a fixed period or for the lifetime of the usufructuary.\n If no period is fixed, the usufruct is presumed to last for the lifetime of the usufructuary.\n If a period is fixed, the provisions of section 1403 paragraph three apply mutatis mutandis.\n If the usufructuary dies, the usufruct always comes to an end.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1418\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1299<\/h3><p>Subject to other applicable statutory provisions, acquisition by juristic act requires writing and registration to be complete. Acquisition by another route follows a separate rule: an unregistered right cannot alter the register or defeat a third party who acquired for value and in good faith and registered in good faith.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Subject to the provisions of this Code or of other laws, an acquisition by juristic act of immovable property, or of a real right appertaining to immovable property, is not complete unless the juristic act is made in writing and the acquisition is registered with the competent official.\n Where a person acquires immovable property, or a real right appertaining to immovable property, otherwise than by juristic act, the acquirer&#039;s right, so long as it has not been registered, cannot be the subject of any change in the register, and that unregistered right may not be set up against a third person who has acquired a right for value and in good faith and has registered that right in good faith.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1299\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1403<\/h3><p>Habitation may be granted for the holder\u2019s lifetime or a fixed period of up to thirty years. A renewal is limited to thirty years from renewal. With no fixed period, termination requires reasonable advance notice.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A right of habitation may be created for a fixed period or for the lifetime of the holder.\n If no period is fixed, the right may be terminated at any time, but the holder must be given reasonable notice.\n If a right of habitation is granted for a fixed period, that period may not exceed thirty years; if a longer period is fixed, it shall be reduced to thirty years. The grant of a right of habitation may be renewed, but for a period not exceeding thirty years from the date of renewal.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1403\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1422<\/h3><p>Unless the act creating the usufruct provides otherwise, the usufructuary is entitled to transfer the exercise of the right to a third person. The owner is entitled to sue that transferee directly. A separate registered lease requires its own analysis.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Unless otherwise provided in the juristic act creating the usufruct, the usufructuary may transfer the exercise of his right to a third person. In such a case the owner of the property may sue the transferee directly.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1422\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1423<\/h3><p>The owner may object to any unlawful or unreasonable use of the property, and if he proves his rights are in peril he may require the usufructuary to give security. That right to demand security does not apply where a donor reserved the usufruct to himself over property he gave away. If security is not given within a reasonable time set for it, or the usufructuary ignores the objection and carries on, the court may appoint a receiver to manage the property in his stead, and may discharge that receiver once security is given.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The owner of the property may object to any unlawful or unreasonable use of the property.\n If the owner proves that his rights are in danger, he may require the usufructuary to provide security, except where the person who gave the property reserved the usufruct of it for himself.\n If the usufructuary fails to provide security within a reasonable time fixed for that purpose, or if the usufructuary disregards the owner&#039;s objection and continues to use the property unlawfully or unreasonably, the Court may appoint a receiver to manage the property in place of the usufructuary. Once security has been provided, the Court may remove the receiver so appointed.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1423\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1476<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Amended on 23 January 2025<\/span><\/h3><p>Certain major transactions over Sin Somros require joint management or the other spouse&#039;s consent; under Section 1480 a transaction made by one spouse alone or without consent may be revoked by the court on the other spouse&#039;s action, unless the other spouse ratified it or the third party acted in good faith and for value.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Section 1476. The spouses must manage the marital property jointly, or with the consent of the other spouse, in the following cases: (1) selling, exchanging, selling with a right of redemption, letting on hire purchase, mortgaging, discharging a mortgage or transferring a mortgage, of immovable property or of movable property that may be mortgaged; (2) creating, or extinguishing in whole or in part, a servitude, a right of habitation, a right of superficies, a usufruct or a charge on immovable property; (3) letting immovable property for more than three years; (4) lending money; (5) making a gift, except a gift in keeping with the family&#039;s station in life made for charity, for social purposes or in accordance with a moral duty; (6) making a compromise; (7) submitting a dispute to arbitration; (8) furnishing property as security or as a guarantee to an official or to a court. Management of the marital property in cases other than those provided in paragraph one may be carried out by either spouse without the consent of the other spouse.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1476\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 86 <small>Limitation of Aliens Right in Land<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An alien may acquire land only by virtue of the provisions of a treaty which provides that ownership of immovable property may be held, and subject also to the provisions of this Code.\n Subject to section 84, such an alien may acquire land for residential, commercial, industrial, agricultural, cemetery, public charity or religious purposes only in accordance with the conditions and procedure prescribed by ministerial regulation, and permission must be obtained from the Minister.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">Unofficial translation by the Office of the Council of State<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-86\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1417<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\n\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e48 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e38\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e23\u0e48 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e38\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1417\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1418<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e29\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e54\u0e50\u0e53 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e42\u0e25\u0e21\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e2d<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1418\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1299<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e01\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e21\u0e32\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1299\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1403<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e34\u0e01\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32 \u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e14\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e19\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1403\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1422<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1422\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1423<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e08\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e19\u0e15\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e20\u0e22\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e25\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e14\u0e04\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e07\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e23\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27 \u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e08\u0e30\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1423\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1476<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 23 \u0e21\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2568<\/span><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e22\u0e34\u0e19\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n\n(\u0e51) \u0e02\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1d\u0e32\u0e01 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d \u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e1b\u0e25\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\n\n(\u0e52) \u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e25\u0e07\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e20\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e33\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e20\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\n\n(\u0e53) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35\n\n(\u0e54) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e39\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\n\n(\u0e55) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e32 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e23\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e27\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e38\u0e28\u0e25 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e23\u0e22\u0e32\n\n(\u0e56) \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n\n(\u0e57) \u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e27\u0e34\u0e19\u0e34\u0e08\u0e09\u0e31\u0e22\n\n(\u0e58) \u0e19\u0e33\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\n\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e14\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e34\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e22\u0e34\u0e19\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1476\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 86<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\n\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e58\u0e54 \u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e2d\u0e38\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e38\u0e28\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e18\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e30 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e32 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e21\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-86\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1417<\/h3><p>Un immeuble peut \u00eatre grev\u00e9 d&#039;un usufruit, en vertu duquel l&#039;usufruitier a le droit de poss\u00e9der ce bien, d&#039;en user et d&#039;en tirer profit.\n\nL&#039;usufruitier a le pouvoir d&#039;administrer le bien.\n\nL&#039;usufruitier d&#039;une for\u00eat, d&#039;une mine ou d&#039;une carri\u00e8re a le droit d&#039;exploiter cette for\u00eat, cette mine ou cette carri\u00e8re.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1417\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1418<\/h3><p>L&#039;usufruit peut \u00eatre constitu\u00e9 soit pour une dur\u00e9e d\u00e9termin\u00e9e, soit pour la vie de l&#039;usufruitier.\n\n\u00c0 d\u00e9faut de dur\u00e9e fix\u00e9e, l&#039;usufruit est pr\u00e9sum\u00e9 constitu\u00e9 pour la vie de l&#039;usufruitier.\n\nSi une dur\u00e9e est fix\u00e9e, les dispositions de l&#039;article 1403, alin\u00e9a 3, s&#039;appliquent par analogie.\n\nSi l&#039;usufruitier d\u00e9c\u00e8de, l&#039;usufruit s&#039;\u00e9teint dans tous les cas.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1418\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1299<\/h3><p>Sous r\u00e9serve des dispositions du pr\u00e9sent Code ou d&#039;autres lois, l&#039;acquisition par acte juridique d&#039;un immeuble ou d&#039;un droit r\u00e9el immobilier n&#039;est parfaite que si l&#039;acte juridique est fait par \u00e9crit et si l&#039;acquisition est enregistr\u00e9e aupr\u00e8s du fonctionnaire comp\u00e9tent.\n\nLorsqu&#039;une personne acquiert un immeuble ou un droit r\u00e9el immobilier autrement que par un acte juridique, le droit de l&#039;acqu\u00e9reur, tant qu&#039;il n&#039;a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 enregistr\u00e9, ne peut donner lieu \u00e0 aucune modification du registre, et ce droit non enregistr\u00e9 ne peut \u00eatre oppos\u00e9 au tiers qui a acquis un droit \u00e0 titre on\u00e9reux et de bonne foi et qui a fait enregistrer ce droit de bonne foi.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1299\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1403<\/h3><p>Le droit d&#039;habitation est constitu\u00e9 \u00e0 terme ou \u00e0 vie. Sans terme, il peut prendre fin \u00e0 tout moment moyennant un pr\u00e9avis raisonnable. Le terme ne peut exc\u00e9der 30 ans, tout terme plus long y \u00e9tant r\u00e9duit; il est renouvelable pour 30 ans au plus.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1403\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1422<\/h3><p>Sauf disposition contraire de l&#039;acte constitutif, l&#039;usufruitier peut transf\u00e9rer l&#039;exercice de son droit \u00e0 un tiers; le propri\u00e9taire peut alors agir directement contre le cessionnaire.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1422\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1423<\/h3><p>Le propri\u00e9taire peut s&#039;opposer \u00e0 un usage ill\u00e9gal ou inappropri\u00e9 et, s&#039;il prouve que son droit est en p\u00e9ril, exiger une garantie, sauf si le donateur s&#039;est r\u00e9serv\u00e9 l&#039;usufruit. \u00c0 d\u00e9faut, ou si l&#039;usage persiste, le tribunal peut nommer un administrateur, r\u00e9vocable une fois la garantie fournie.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1423\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1476<span class=\"tlo-lb-badge\">Modifi\u00e9 le 23 janvier 2025<\/span><\/h3><p>Article 1476. Les \u00e9poux doivent g\u00e9rer conjointement les biens communs, ou avec le consentement de l&#039;autre \u00e9poux, dans les cas suivants :\n(1) vendre, \u00e9changer, vendre avec facult\u00e9 de rachat, donner en location-vente, hypoth\u00e9quer, donner mainlev\u00e9e d&#039;une hypoth\u00e8que ou c\u00e9der une hypoth\u00e8que, lorsque l&#039;acte porte sur un immeuble ou sur un meuble susceptible d&#039;hypoth\u00e8que ;\n(2) constituer, ou \u00e9teindre en tout ou en partie, une servitude, un droit d&#039;habitation, un droit de superficie, un usufruit ou une charge grevant un immeuble ;\n(3) donner \u00e0 bail un immeuble pour une dur\u00e9e sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 trois ans ;\n(4) consentir un pr\u00eat d&#039;argent ;\n(5) faire une donation, sauf la donation proportionn\u00e9e au rang social de la famille faite dans un but charitable, dans un but social ou en ex\u00e9cution d&#039;un devoir moral ;\n(6) transiger ;\n(7) soumettre un litige \u00e0 l&#039;arbitrage ;\n(8) remettre des biens en garantie ou en s\u00fbret\u00e9 aupr\u00e8s d&#039;un agent public ou d&#039;un tribunal.\nDans les cas autres que ceux pr\u00e9vus \u00e0 l&#039;alin\u00e9a premier, la gestion des biens communs peut \u00eatre assur\u00e9e par l&#039;un ou l&#039;autre des \u00e9poux sans le consentement de l&#039;autre.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1476\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 86<\/h3><p>Un \u00e9tranger ne peut acqu\u00e9rir un terrain qu&#039;en vertu des dispositions d&#039;un trait\u00e9 qui permet d&#039;avoir la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 d&#039;un bien immobilier, et sous r\u00e9serve \u00e9galement des dispositions du pr\u00e9sent Code.\n\nSous r\u00e9serve de l&#039;article 84, cet \u00e9tranger ne peut acqu\u00e9rir un terrain \u00e0 usage d&#039;habitation, d&#039;activit\u00e9 commerciale, industrielle ou agricole, de cimeti\u00e8re, de bienfaisance publique ou de culte que conform\u00e9ment aux conditions et \u00e0 la proc\u00e9dure fix\u00e9es par r\u00e8glement minist\u00e9riel, et il doit obtenir l&#039;autorisation du Ministre.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thailand-land-code\/chapter-8\/#section-86\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/10344-2551-burdened-gift-cannot-be-revoked-for-ingratitude\/\">10344\/2551<\/a> (2008): \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e22\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e20\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e04\u0e37\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e40\u0e19\u0e23\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/7199-2552-will-grants-only-usufruct-not-ownership\/\">7199\/2552<\/a> (2009): \u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e22\u0e01 &#039;\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e28\u0e31\u0e22\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15&#039; \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e4c<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/KytlTGlrQzIrQlpQcWxZYWl2cm5IUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 19 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<style>.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{column-gap:var(--global-kb-gap-md, 2rem);row-gap:10px;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;background:#ffffff;padding-top:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-right:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-bottom:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);padding-left:var(--global-kb-spacing-sm, 1.5rem);}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-top-left-radius:6px;border-top-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-right-radius:6px;border-bottom-left-radius:6px;background:#f2f2f2;color:#555555;padding-top:14px;padding-right:16px;padding-bottom:14px;padding-left:16px;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#555555;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{color:#444444;background:#eeeeee;border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion--visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#444444;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, body:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#eeeeee;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{color:#ffffff;background:#BE530B;border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basiccircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclosecircle ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrowcircle )  > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger{background:#ffffff;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:after, .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4:not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-basic ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-xclose ):not( .kt-accodion-icon-style-arrow ) .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active .kt-blocks-accordion-icon-trigger:before{background:#BE530B;}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 1024px){.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}@media all and (max-width: 767px){.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap{display:block;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-accordion-inner-wrap .kt-accordion-pane:not(:first-child){margin-top:10px;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-accordion-panel-inner{border-top:0px solid transparent;border-right:0px solid transparent;border-bottom:0px solid transparent;border-left:0px solid transparent;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header{border-top:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-right:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-bottom:0px solid #f2f2f2;border-left:0px solid #f2f2f2;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header:hover, \n\t\t\t\tbody:not(.hide-focus-outline) .kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible{border-top-color:#eeeeee;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#eeeeee;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#eeeeee;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#eeeeee;border-left-style:solid;}.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 .kt-accordion-header-wrap .kt-blocks-accordion-header:focus-visible,\n\t\t\t\t.kt-accordion-id2128_3be5b7-d4 > .kt-accordion-inner-wrap > .wp-block-kadence-pane > .kt-accordion-header-wrap > .kt-blocks-accordion-header.kt-accordion-panel-active{border-top-color:#BE530B;border-top-style:solid;border-right-color:#BE530B;border-right-style:solid;border-bottom-color:#BE530B;border-bottom-style:solid;border-left-color:#BE530B;border-left-style:solid;}}<\/style>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-usufruct-works-in-practice\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Usufruct Works in Practice<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-1-drafting-the-agreement\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 1. Drafting the Agreement<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A usufruct agreement should be drafted by a qualified Thai lawyer. Include the identity of both parties. Provide a precise description of the property (including title deed number). State the duration (lifetime or fixed term). Specify rights and restrictions. Cover maintenance responsibilities and provisions for termination. Both Thai and English versions should be prepared for international parties.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"why-the-standard-land-office-form-isnt-enough-the-power-of-our-custom-addendum-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Why the Standard Land Office Form Isn\u2019t Enough &amp; The Power of Our Custom Addendum<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Thai Land Department offers an official form for registering a usufruct. This was shown in the example image earlier. It is important to know its main purpose and limitations. This standard document is mainly for meeting the minimum legal requirement for registration. It identifies the parties involved, the specific property, and the length of the usufruct. It typically contains only a couple of very basic clauses, as our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/register-usufruct-thailand\/\">registration guide<\/a> shows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-2-registering-at-the-land-office\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 2. Registering at the Land Office<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"background:#fdf3f2;border-left:4px solid #9c2b2b;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 18px;margin:8px 0 18px\"><strong>July 2026 update:<\/strong> Some <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/land-office\/\">Land Offices<\/a> are refusing usufruct registrations. Per our information, <strong>Koh Samui and Koh Phangan have stopped<\/strong> registering usufructs for foreigners over <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/nominee\/\">nominee<\/a> concerns; <strong>Suphan Buri<\/strong> and parts of <strong>Prachuap Khiri Khan<\/strong> are difficult. Officers may <strong>interview both parties<\/strong>, so be ready to explain that a usufruct is a right of use, not ownership, and that the Thai owner remains full owner. Many offices now require a <strong>certified Thai translation of the passport<\/strong> (a registration in Hua Hin was refused in March 2026 without one). See our <a href=\"\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/#step-2-registering-at-the-land-office\">step-by-step registration section<\/a> and always call your Land Office first.<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\" id=\"How-to-Register-a-Usufruct-in-Thailand\"><img alt=\"Step-by-step infographic showing how to register a usufruct agreement in Thailand, including drafting the contract, preparing documents, scheduling an appointment, registering at the Land Office, and paying fees\" class=\"wp-image-17960 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/11\/how-to-register-usufruct-agreement-thailand-process.webp\" style=\"width:600px\" title=\"How to Register a Usufruct in Thailand\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Both the landowner and the usufructuary must attend the local Land Department office (\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19) in person. The officer reviews the agreement. They verify identities. They assess the registration fee. It is 1% plus 0.5% stamp duty on the consideration stated in the agreement. Without consideration, the published registration fee is 50 baht per parcel, plus applicable incidental charges. Confirm the itemised amount with the local Land Office. They record the usufruct on the title deed. Only after registration does the usufruct become a \u201creal right\u201d (\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34) that works against third parties. For the complete registration process, see our&nbsp;<a href=\"\/register-usufruct-thailand\/\">step-by-step registration guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\" id=\"Usufruct-Registration-on-Title-deed\"><img alt=\"Chanote title deed showing usufruct stamp in Thai (red)\" class=\"wp-image-17323 tlo-responsive-img\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/usufruct-registration-on-title-deed-in-april-2025.jpg\" style=\"width:500px\" title=\"Usufruct Registration on Title deed\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"at-the-land-office-in-order\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">At the Land Office, in order<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Call the Land Office for the district where the land sits before you book anything. Some offices are refusing usufructs for foreigners at the moment (see the July 2026 note at the top of this page).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The owner and the usufructuary both go in person, with the original title deed, both IDs, the owner&#8217;s house registration book and the signed agreement. Bring a certified Thai translation of your passport: an office in Hua Hin refused a registration in March 2026 without one.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The officer checks the deed and identities, and may interview you both separately. Say it plainly: the usufruct is a right to use the property, and the Thai owner stays the owner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The office assesses its fee. With no price stated in the agreement it is 50 baht per plot. With a price, it is 1% plus 0.5% stamp duty on that price.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The officer writes the usufruct on the back of the title deed. From that entry it binds any later buyer of the land.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sources: Civil and Commercial Code sections 1299 and 1417 to 1418; Ministerial Regulation No. 47 (B.E. 2541), clause 2(7)(\u0e0f) (1% on a grant with a price) and (\u0e11) (50 baht per plot with no price); Revenue Code stamp duty schedule, item 28(b).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/register-usufruct-thailand\/\">how to register a usufruct at the Land Office<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"step-3-living-under-usufruct\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Step 3. Living Under Usufruct<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once registered, the usufructuary has full authority. You can live on the property. Lease it to tenants. Collect rent. Manage the premises. Take legal action regarding the property. The landowner retains bare ownership and cannot interfere with your lawful management, but Section 1423 lets the owner object to unlawful or unreasonable use, demand security if the owner\u2019s rights are in peril, and ask the court to appoint a receiver. The usufructuary must take proper care of the property and carry out ordinary maintenance and minor repairs (Sections 1421 and 1424). Pay property taxes (Section 1426). Insure the property if required by the owner (Section 1427).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"what-happens-when-it-ends\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Happens When It Ends<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Usufruct terminates through death of the holder (automatic), expiry of the fixed term, mutual agreement, court order, or destruction of the property that is not restored (Section 1419). Upon termination, the property reverts to the landowner. There is no transfer tax when usufruct terminates by death. This is a big advantage for estate planning. See our complete guides on&nbsp;<a href=\"\/cancel-usufruct-thailand\/\">termination rules<\/a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href=\"\/usufruct-tax-thailand\/\">tax implications<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/cancel-usufruct-thailand\/\">the seven ways a usufruct ends<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"cost\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How Much Does a Usufruct Cost in Thailand? (2026)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A lawyer-drafted bilingual usufruct agreement is a fixed <strong>3,900 THB<\/strong>, prepared in 5 to 7 business days. On top of that you pay the Land Office\u2019s own registration fee, charged at cost. The Department of Lands publishes a 1% registration fee plus 0.5% stamp duty on stated consideration. Where there is no consideration, the registration fee is 50 baht per parcel, with applicable incidental charges added. See the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.go.th\/trat\/cate-1769393600\/news-1782439499\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Land Office fee explanation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Item<\/th><th>Cost (THB)<\/th><th>Notes<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Usufruct agreement, bilingual and lawyer-drafted<\/td><td><strong>3,900<\/strong><\/td><td>5 to 7 business days, includes guidance through registration<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Land Office registration fee<\/td><td>50 per parcel without consideration, plus incidental charges<\/td><td>government fee, paid at registration, charged at cost<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bilingual template, if you prefer to do it yourself<\/td><td>890<\/td><td>free for Silver members and above<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lease agreement, the main alternative, up to 30 years<\/td><td>4,900<\/td><td>3 to 5 business days<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Consultation, if you want advice before deciding<\/td><td>2,000 per hour<\/td><td>useful before committing to either route<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"cost-worked-example\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A Worked Example<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a proposed usufruct without consideration over one parcel, budget the <strong>3,900 THB drafting fee separately from registration costs<\/strong>. The published registration fee is 50 baht, with incidental charges added. Lawyer attendance, title checks and other services require separate confirmation. If the parties are married, assess the inter-spousal agreement risk before treating a lifetime usufruct as secure.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"cost-what-the-fee-includes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What the Fee Includes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The fixed fee covers drafting the bilingual agreement and guiding you through registration at the Land Office. Registration is the step that makes the right real, because an unregistered usufruct binds only the person who signed it, not the land, and not a later buyer. See the <a href=\"\/legal-fees\/\">full legal fees page<\/a>, or <a href=\"\/book-consultation\/\">book a consultation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"tlo-buy\"><h2 class=\"tlo-buy__title\" id=\"your-usufruct-agreement-prepared-in-thai-and-english\">Your usufruct agreement, prepared in Thai and English<\/h2><p class=\"tlo-buy__lead\">Our 3,900 THB drafting service includes a personalised bilingual agreement and guidance for Land Office registration. The usual drafting period is five to seven working days after we receive payment and complete instructions.<\/p><ul class=\"tlo-buy__list\"><li class=\"tlo-buy__card\"><span class=\"tlo-buy__name\">Bilingual usufruct agreement and registration guidance<\/span><span class=\"tlo-buy__price\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-amount amount\"><span class=\"woocommerce-Price-currencySymbol\">\u0e3f<\/span>3,900<\/span><\/span><span class=\"tlo-buy__short\">Personalised Thai-English usufruct agreement with Land Office registration guidance. First draft usually within five to seven working days after payment and complete instructions. Land Office attendance and completed registration are not included in this drafting promise.<\/span><a class=\"tlo-buy__cta\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/product\/usufruct-agreement-drafted-and-registered\/\">See what is included<\/a><\/li><\/ul><p>Drafting the agreement and completing registration are separate steps. This service provides the documents and registration guidance. Do not assume the quoted drafting fee includes a lawyer attending the Land Office or a guaranteed registration outcome.<\/p><p>Before ordering, tell us where the property is located and whether the owner has already checked the proposed registration with the local Land Office.<\/p><h3>What should I prepare?<\/h3><p>Send copies of both sides of the title deed, identification for the owner and intended usufructuary, the owner\u2019s Tabien Baan, your current address, and any official document showing your name in Thai. Explain any special conditions you want included.<\/p><p>Read our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/register-usufruct-thailand\/\">Land Office registration guide<\/a> before arranging an appointment. For advice about your particular property, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/book-consultation\/\">book a consultation<\/a>.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-buy__escape\">Not sure which one fits? <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/book-consultation\/\">Book a 2,000 baht consultation<\/a> and we credit it against your fee if you go ahead.<\/p><style>\n.tlo-buy{border:1px solid #e2e5ea;border-radius:8px;padding:1.5rem;margin:2rem 0;background:#fbfcfd}\n.tlo-buy__title{margin:0 0 .35rem;font-size:1.35rem}\n.tlo-buy__lead{margin:0 0 1.25rem;color:#4b5563}\n.tlo-buy__list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;display:grid;gap:1rem;grid-template-columns:repeat(auto-fit,minmax(230px,1fr))}\n.tlo-buy__card{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:.4rem;border:1px solid #e2e5ea;border-radius:6px;padding:1rem;background:#fff}\n.tlo-buy__name{font-weight:700;line-height:1.3}\n.tlo-buy__price{font-size:1.2rem;color:#1d4ed8;font-weight:700}\n.tlo-buy__short{font-size:.87rem;color:#4b5563;flex:1}\n.tlo-buy__cta{display:inline-block;margin-top:.5rem;padding:.6rem 1rem;border-radius:5px;background:#1d4ed8;color:#fff;text-decoration:none;text-align:center;font-weight:600}\n.tlo-buy__escape{margin:1.25rem 0 0;font-size:.9rem;color:#4b5563}\n<\/style><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"three-ways\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Three Ways to Get Your Usufruct Agreement<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most firms offer one route at one price. We publish three, because the right answer depends on how complicated your situation is and how much you want to do yourself. All three produce the same underlying document: the bilingual usufruct agreement this firm uses for its own clients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>&nbsp;<\/th><th>Bilingual template<br><strong>\u0e3f890<\/strong><\/th><th>Document Maker<br><strong>Fill it in online<\/strong><\/th><th>We draft it for you<br><strong>\u0e3f3,900<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>What you get<\/strong><\/td><td>The same usufruct agreement our lawyers use, as an editable bilingual file<\/td><td>The same firm documents, assembled for you from a guided questionnaire<\/td><td>A finished agreement drafted around your facts, in English and Thai<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Who fills it in<\/strong><\/td><td>You do<\/td><td>The questionnaire does, from your answers<\/td><td>We do, from the details you send us<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Languages<\/strong><\/td><td>English and Thai<\/td><td>English and Thai, and it can translate for you<\/td><td>English and Thai, drafted side by side<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Turnaround<\/strong><\/td><td>Immediate download<\/td><td>Minutes<\/td><td>5 to 7 business days<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Best for<\/strong><\/td><td>A straightforward grant you are comfortable completing yourself<\/td><td>Anyone needing several documents across the year<\/td><td>Anything with a wrinkle: company owners, unusual land, protective clauses, a nervous counterparty<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Also included<\/strong><\/td><td>The Land Office registration guide<\/td><td>Ten lawyer-drafted documents: wills, leases, loans, prenuptial agreements and more<\/td><td>We walk you through registration at the Land Office<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"usufruct-vs-lease-vs-superficies-quick-comparison\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Usufruct vs. Lease vs. Superficies. Quick Comparison<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thai law offers three main mechanisms for granting property use rights. The table below provides a summary comparison. For a detailed analysis of each with real-world scenarios and recommendations, see our dedicated guide on&nbsp;<a href=\"\/usufruct-vs-lease-vs-superficies-thailand\/\">usufruct vs. lease vs. superficies<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Criteria<\/th><th>Usufruct (\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19)<\/th><th>Lease (\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32)<\/th><th>Superficies (\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e49\u0e19\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19)<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Duration<\/strong><\/td><td>Lifetime or up to 30 years<\/td><td>Maximum 30 years (a renewal can be agreed, but a promise in advance cannot extend the term past 30 years)<\/td><td>Maximum 30 years or lifetime<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Survives Owner\u2019s Death?<\/strong><\/td><td>Yes. Binds new owner<\/td><td>Yes. Binds new owner<\/td><td>Yes. Binds new owner<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Survives Holder\u2019s Death?<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>No<\/strong>. Terminates automatically<\/td><td>Only if the contract expressly provides for succession<\/td><td>Yes, unless the grant says otherwise (Section 1411)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Can Collect Rent?<\/strong><\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Yes (sublease)<\/td><td>No (building rights only)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Registration Fee<\/strong><\/td><td>Depends on consideration; confirm the Land Office assessment<\/td><td>1% of total rent<\/td><td>Depends on consideration; confirm the Land Office assessment<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Best For<\/strong><\/td><td>Lifetime home security<\/td><td>Commercial\/fixed-term use<\/td><td>Building on another\u2019s land<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-vs-lease-vs-superficies-thailand\/\">usufruct, lease and superficies compared<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"who-uses-usufruct-in-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who Uses Usufruct in Thailand.<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"foreign-retirees-protecting-their-home\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Foreign Retirees Protecting Their Home<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common use case is a foreign retiree who lives in a house on land owned by a Thai partner, friend, or family member. A lifetime usufruct registered at the Land Office ensures the retiree can live in the house for life. This works regardless of what happens to the ownership. Even if the Thai owner sells the land, dies, or becomes incapacitated, the retiree\u2019s right is protected. See our guide for&nbsp;<a href=\"\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/\">foreigners using usufruct in Thailand<\/a>. If you live together without marrying, see our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/unmarried-couples-and-property-in-thailand-dika-97-2569\/\">property bought with a Thai girlfriend or partner before marriage<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"thai-foreign-married-couples\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Thai-Foreign Married Couples<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When a Thai national and a foreign spouse purchase property, the land must typically be registered in the Thai spouse\u2019s name alone. Usufruct provides the foreign spouse with legal protection. It\u2019s a registered right to live on and use the property for life. However, the intersection of usufruct with Thai <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/marital-property\/\">marital property<\/a> law creates legal questions. Couples should address these proactively. For protection strategies, see our guide on&nbsp;<a href=\"\/usufruct-married-couple-thailand\/\">usufruct and marriage in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-married-couple-thailand\/\">protecting a foreign spouse with a usufruct<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-condominium-thailand\/\">a usufruct over a condominium unit<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"risks-and-limitations\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Risks and Limitations. What We Tell Clients Honestly<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A usufruct is the strongest protection most foreigners can get over Thai land, but it is not perfect. Three limitations are worth understanding before you register one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"land-office-discretion\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Land Office Discretion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Land Office officials have some discretion in how they process registrations, and they occasionally question foreign usufruct registrations, particularly at rural offices. Having a qualified Thai lawyer present at the appointment reduces this risk substantially. If an office refuses outright, remedies exist through the courts. Our <a href=\"\/register-usufruct-thailand\/\">registration guide<\/a> covers the practical workarounds.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"death-ends-the-usufruct\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Death Ends It, and It Cannot Be Inherited<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the limitation people most often miss. A usufruct terminates on the death of the usufructuary under CCC Section 1418, and your heirs take no claim to the property from it. If passing the interest to your children matters more to you than a lifetime right, a superficies (inheritable unless the grant says otherwise, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-civil-code\/section-1411\/\">section 1411<\/a>) or a Sap Ing Sith right (inheritable under section 12 of its Act) is the better instrument. An ordinary lease does not help here: it ends on the tenant&#8217;s death. See our <a href=\"\/usufruct-inheritance-thailand\/\">usufruct and inheritance guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Read more: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-inheritance-thailand\/\">what happens to a usufruct when someone dies<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"key-supreme-court-decisions-on-usufruct\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Key Supreme Court Decisions on Usufruct<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ThaiLawOnline maintains the most thorough English-language database of Supreme Court decisions on usufruct in Thailand. We have&nbsp;<strong>64 decisions spanning from 1936 to 2022.<\/strong>&nbsp;Below are the landmark rulings that property owners, investors, and legal practitioners should know. For the complete analysis of all 64 decisions organized by legal principle, see our dedicated&nbsp;<a href=\"\/supreme-court-usufruct-thailand\/\">Supreme Court decisions guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"the-usufructuarys-management-power-\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32-15033-2555-2012\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Usufructuary\u2019s Management Power. \u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 15033\/2555 (2012)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is one of the most important modern decisions on usufruct. The Supreme Court held that while a usufruct is registered and the usufructuary is alive, the&nbsp;<strong>landowner does not have the right to possess, use, or manage the property.<\/strong>&nbsp;The owner cannot terminate a lease or file eviction proceedings. Only the usufructuary can. This decision confirmed that Section 1417 gives the usufructuary complete practical control over the property during the usufruct period.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"tax-follows-the-actual-earner-\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32-575-2560-2017\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tax Follows the Actual Earner. \u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 575\/2560 (2017)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Holding a usufruct does not by itself make you the person taxed on the income. The owner leased the land to a company for thirty years against 87.5 million baht in key money and, <strong>on the same day<\/strong>, granted a usufruct to her three grandchildren, the company agreeing to pay them; but the usufruct was only registered <strong>after<\/strong> the lease was made. The Supreme Court held that the person with the assessable income under the lease was the owner, as the contracting party, and that the three were merely receiving her rent for her. <strong>The practical lesson is about sequence: register the usufruct before the lease is granted, and let the usufructuary be the party to it.<\/strong> Analysed in detail in our <a href=\"\/usufruct-tax-thailand\/\">tax guide<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"usufruct-binds-a-later-buyer-\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32-2783-2516\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Usufruct Binds a Later Buyer. \u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 2783\/2516 (1973)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The owner remains free to sell the land, but the buyer takes it subject to the registered usufruct. The Supreme Court held that the sale does not disturb the usufructuary\u2019s right, which is exactly why registration matters: it is the registration that makes the right good against the whole world rather than against the person who signed the agreement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">We summarise the rest in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-usufruct-thailand\/\">Supreme Court decisions on usufruct in Thailand<\/a>, and you can read the judgments in our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-decisions\/\">Supreme Court decisions library<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"our-experience-why-thai-law-online\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Our Experience. Why ThaiLawOnline<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ThaiLawOnline was among the first law firms in Thailand to actively use usufruct agreements as a property protection tool for foreign clients. In 2006 to 2008, when most firms relied exclusively on 30-year leases, founding partner&nbsp;<strong>S\u00e9bastien Brousseau<\/strong>&nbsp;identified usufruct under Sections 1417 to 1428 of the Civil and Commercial Code as a superior alternative in many situations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This early adoption was driven by Brousseau\u2019s training in Quebec civil law at the University of Ottawa. Usufruct (<em>usufruit<\/em>) is a well-established institution under the Code civil du Qu\u00e9bec (Articles 1120 to 1171). His dual civil-and-common-law background gave him unique insight. He could apply this right under Thailand\u2019s Civil and Commercial Code. The code itself draws on European civil law traditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Together with Thai legal counsel&nbsp;<strong>Wichuda Atthamethakon<\/strong>, the firm has since registered hundreds of usufruct agreements across Thailand. We maintain the most thorough database of usufruct-related Supreme Court decisions (64 decisions spanning 1936 to 2022) available in English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently Asked Questions about Thai Usufruct<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-4bc56f9b24d38\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can you sell a property with a usufruct?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The owner can sell, but the buyer takes the land subject to a registered usufruct (Decision 2783\/2516), so the holder keeps the right. The holder cannot sell the land, because a usufruct gives possession, use and income, not ownership. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/cancel-usufruct-thailand\/\">how a usufruct ends<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-c1adf15f0972e\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Who pays the taxes under a usufruct?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The holder. Section 1426 of the Civil and Commercial Code makes the usufructuary pay taxes and duties during the usufruct. Income tax on rent falls on the person who actually earns the income (Decision 575\/2560). See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-tax-thailand\/\">usufruct and Thai taxes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-63295a37d811b\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What does section 1426 say about a usufruct?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Section 1426 says the usufructuary shall, for the duration of the usufruct, bear the expenses of managing the property, pay taxes and duties, and be responsible for interest payable on debts charged upon it.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-rank058-cost\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How much does a usufruct agreement cost in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Our lawyer-drafted bilingual usufruct agreement is a fixed 3,900 THB, first draft in 5 to 7 working days, with guidance for registration. The template alone is 890 THB. The Land Office charges its own fee: 50 baht per plot with no price stated, or 1% plus 0.5% stamp duty on a stated price.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1745779293149\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a foreigner inherit a usufruct in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. The right ends when the usufructuary dies; the landowner then holds full ownership again, which passes to the landowner\u2019s own heirs in the ordinary way.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1745779330831\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What fees must be paid to register a usufruct?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>The published registration fee is 1% plus 0.5% stamp duty on the stated consideration. Without consideration, the registration fee is 50 baht per parcel, plus applicable incidental charges. Ask the Land Office for an itemised assessment.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1745779433943\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can the usufructuary rent the property out?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, unless your agreement forbids it. As usufructuary you manage the property and can pass on the use of it, for example by letting it. A lease for more than three years has to be registered, and some Land Offices decline to register one where the lessor is a foreigner. So most foreign usufructuaries let for three years or less.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1748920047935\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can a foreigner register a usufruct in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, a foreigner can register a usufruct. Usufruct is not the same as full property and the law doesn\u2019t forbid it.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1748920085629\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How long does a usufruct last in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For the lifetime of the usufructuary, which is the usual grant and has no maximum, or for a fixed term. Only a fixed term is capped, at 30 years, because Section 1418 applies Section 1403 paragraph three to it. Either way it ends when the usufructuary dies, whether that falls before or after the 30 years.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1753207613281\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \"><strong>Can I build on usufruct lan<\/strong>d?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes, but you need written permission from the landowner and must comply with local building regulations, unless otherwise written in contracts, which we always do.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Need Help With Your Usufruct?<\/strong> ThaiLawOnline has registered hundreds of usufruct agreements since 2006. We know the law. We know the Land Office process. We know the Supreme Court decisions that protect your rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-3e41869c wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"mailto:info@thailawonline.com\">Email us about your usufruct<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"links-1\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Links:<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dol.go.th\/\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Department of Lands, Thailand (Thai language)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Complete <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/documents\/usufruct-registration-checklist-2026.pdf\">Usufruct Registration Instructions by ThaiLawOnline<\/a> (.PDF document updated in January 2026)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>How much does a usufruct cost?<\/strong> A lawyer-drafted bilingual usufruct agreement is a fixed 3,900 THB. See the full <a href=\"\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/#cost\">usufruct cost breakdown (2026)<\/a> or all our fixed fees on the <a href=\"\/legal-fees\/\">legal fees page<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"border:1px solid #d9cfa8;background:#faf8f2;border-radius:8px;padding:18px 22px;margin-top:28px;\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-complete-usufruct-series-all-our-guides\">The Complete Usufruct Series: All Our Guides<\/h2>\n<ul style=\"columns:2;-webkit-columns:2;column-gap:32px;margin-top:10px;\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/register-usufruct-thailand\/\">How to Register a Usufruct at the Land Office<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-agreement-in-thailand\/#cost\">Usufruct Cost &amp; Registration Fees<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-married-couple-thailand\/\">Usufruct for Thai-Foreign Married Couples<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-condominium-thailand\/\">Usufruct on a Condominium<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-tax-thailand\/\">Tax on Usufructs<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-inheritance-thailand\/\">Usufruct &amp; Inheritance<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/cancel-usufruct-thailand\/\">How to Cancel a Usufruct<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/supreme-court-usufruct-thailand\/\">Supreme Court Decisions on Usufruct<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-vs-lease-vs-superficies-thailand\/\">Usufruct vs Lease vs Superficies<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/usufruct-vs-lease-vs-superficies-thailand\/\">Lease, Usufruct &amp; Sap Ing Sith Compared<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"our-fees\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Our fee for a usufruct agreement<\/h2>\n\n\n<div class=\"tlo-trust-fees\">\n            \n            <div class=\"tlo-trust-fees__scroll\">\n                <table class=\"tlo-trust-fees__table\">\n                    <thead>\n                        <tr>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/th>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22<\/th>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/th>\n                            <th scope=\"col\">\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e40\u0e27\u0e25\u0e32<\/th>\n                        <\/tr>\n                    <\/thead>\n                    <tbody>\n                                            <tr>\n                            <th scope=\"row\" class=\"tlo-trust-fees__name\">\n                                Usufruct agreement                            <\/th>\n                            <td class=\"tlo-trust-fees__price\">\n                                3,900 THB                                                            <\/td>\n                            <td>Bilingual usufruct agreement plus Land Office registration guidance.<\/td>\n                            <td>5 to 7 business days<\/td>\n                        <\/tr>\n                                        <\/tbody>\n                <\/table>\n            <\/div>\n\n                            <p class=\"tlo-trust-fees__note\"> Government disbursements are charged at cost unless the service says they are included.                <\/p>\n            \n                            <p class=\"tlo-trust-fees__cta\">\n                    <a class=\"tlo-trust-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/book-consultation\/\">\n                        \u0e08\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32                    <\/a>\n                    <span class=\"tlo-trust-badge tlo-trust-badge--response\"><span class=\"tlo-trust-badge__tick\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#9679;<\/span> Answer within 24 to 48 hours <span class=\"tlo-trust-badge__langs\">EN \u00b7 FR \u00b7 TH<\/span><\/span>                <\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group tlo-glance is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"tlo-glance-title wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Usufruct agreement service: what is included, what is not, and how long it takes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><th scope=\"row\">Fixed fee<\/th><td>3,900 THB<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Included<\/th><td><ul><li>Bilingual usufruct agreement drafted by a Thai lawyer under sections 1417 to 1428 of the Civil and Commercial Code<\/li><li>Lifetime or fixed-term wording as you choose, with the clauses the Land Office accepts<\/li><li>One round of revisions<\/li><li>Land Office registration guidance, the list of documents to bring and the government fee to expect<\/li><\/ul><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Not included<\/th><td><ul><li>Attendance at the Land Office with you (quoted separately, depends on the province)<\/li><li>Land Office registration fee and stamp duty (government fees, at cost)<\/li><li>Spousal consent problems where the owner is married to someone else (advice quoted)<\/li><li>Advice on the building if you also need a superficies (see our comparison of usufruct, lease and superficies)<\/li><\/ul><\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">Timeline<\/th><td>5 to 7 business days from payment and the title deed copy to first draft; registration takes one visit to the Land Office<\/td><\/tr><tr><th scope=\"row\">After you order<\/th><td><ul><li>You send the title deed (chanote) copy, the owner&#8217;s ID and house registration and the usufructuary&#8217;s passport<\/li><li>We send the bilingual draft; you ask for changes<\/li><li>You and the owner sign at the Land Office, where the officer registers the usufruct on the back of the title deed<\/li><li>You keep the registered agreement and a copy of the endorsed deed<\/li><\/ul><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-small-font-size wp-block-paragraph\">Government fees and third-party costs are charged at cost and no VAT is added. The full process, payment methods and our urgent-matter procedure are on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/how-we-work\/\">How We Work<\/a>; every fee is on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/pricing\/\">pricing page<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>These fees come from one source and are the same everywhere on this site. See <a href=\"\/pricing\/\">all our fees<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"free-tools\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Try it yourself first, free<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You do not have to book anything to get started. These run in your browser, and you only pay us if you decide you want a lawyer involved.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"tlo-trust-tools\">\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-tool\">\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__title\">\n                        \u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-tool__tier tlo-trust-tool__tier--free\">\n                            \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35                        <\/span>\n                    <\/p>\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__blurb\">\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14<\/p>\n                                            <a class=\"tlo-trust-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-lease-scanner\/\" data-tlo-event=\"tool_click\" data-tool=\"lease-scanner\">\n                            \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-tool\">\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__title\">\n                        \u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-tool__tier tlo-trust-tool__tier--gold\">\n                            \u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01 Gold                        <\/span>\n                    <\/p>\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__blurb\">\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e19\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33 \u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e16\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07<\/p>\n                                            <a class=\"tlo-trust-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/legal-document-maker\/\" data-tlo-event=\"tool_click\" data-tool=\"document-maker\">\n                            \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e04\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-tool\">\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__title\">\n                        \u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22 AI \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-tool__tier tlo-trust-tool__tier--free\">\n                            \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35                        <\/span>\n                    <\/p>\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__blurb\">\u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 77,000 \u0e04\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35<\/p>\n                                            <button type=\"button\" class=\"tlo-trust-btn tlo-trust-tool__chat\"\n                                data-tlo-event=\"assistant_open\">\n                            \u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21                        <\/button>\n                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"tlo-trust-tools\">\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-tool\">\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__title\">\n                        Expat Legal Health Check                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-tool__tier tlo-trust-tool__tier--free\">\n                            \u0e1f\u0e23\u0e35                        <\/span>\n                    <\/p>\n                    <p class=\"tlo-trust-tool__blurb\">Ten minutes on your property, family, visa and will. You get a written report naming the exact gaps and what each one costs to fix.<\/p>\n                                            <a class=\"tlo-trust-btn\" href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/legal-health-check-for-expats\/\" data-tlo-event=\"tool_click\" data-tool=\"health-check\">\n                            Take the Legal Health Check                        <\/a>\n                                    <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A usufruct (\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e40\u0e01\u0e47\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19, sitthi kep kin) is a right registered on a Thai title deed that lets a person possess, 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