{"id":3893,"date":"2026-08-22T09:44:53","date_gmt":"2026-08-22T02:44:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/?page_id=3893"},"modified":"2026-11-04T04:56:34","modified_gmt":"2026-11-03T21:56:34","slug":"visa-agents-thailand-legal","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/visa-agents-thailand-legal\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e27\u0e35\u0e0b\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e35 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"tlo-answer-box\" style=\"border-left:5px solid #1a7f4b;background:#f4faf6;padding:20px 22px;margin:0 0 26px;border-radius:6px;\">\n<p style=\"margin-top:0;\"><strong>Short answer:<\/strong> using a visa agent is perfectly legal. Plenty of them do honest, useful work: forms, queueing, translation, courier runs, booking appointments. What is criminal is the shortcut some of them sell. If an agent produces a bank letter showing money you do not have, or a document you did not sign, that is forgery, and causing an immigration officer to record it is an offence under <strong>section 267 of the Penal Code<\/strong> carrying up to <strong>three years<\/strong>. <\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0;\"><strong>The part nobody tells you: the exposure is yours, not just the agent&#8217;s.<\/strong> When immigration police raided a Bangkok visa consultancy on 12 August 2026 they seized forged bank documents and bank stamps, and identified more than 400 clients from the files they took. &#8220;The agent handled it&#8221; is not a defence, because the application is in your name and the officer relied on you. <a href=\"#your-exposure\">See what you are actually exposed to<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"tlo-hublink wp-block-paragraph\">If you have already <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/overstay\/\">overstayed<\/a>, start with <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-visa-overstay-criminal-blacklists\/\">Thailand overstay: fines, blacklist and re-entry bans<\/a>. For the visa routes themselves, see the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-immigration\/\">immigration guides<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#is-it-legal\">Is It Legal to Use a Visa Agent in Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-line\">Where the Line Actually Falls<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#rent-the-money\">The Bank Balance Scheme, and Why It Is the One That Reaches the Client<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#your-exposure\">What You Are Actually Exposed To<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#enforcement\">Why This Changed in 2026<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#red-flags\">Red Flags<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#alternatives\">What to Do Instead, by Situation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#lawyer\">When You Need a Lawyer Rather Than an Agent<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq\">Common Questions<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#help\">If You Are Worried About a File<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"is-it-legal\">Is It Legal to Use a Visa Agent in Thailand?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. There is nothing unlawful about paying someone to prepare paperwork, translate documents, drive to the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/immigration-bureau\/\">immigration office<\/a>, hold your place in a queue, book an appointment, or explain what a form wants. Most expats in Thailand have used an agent at some point, and for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/extension-of-stay\/\">a straightforward extension<\/a> in a busy province it can be a sensible purchase of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The confusion arises because &#8220;visa agent&#8221; describes two completely different businesses that share a shopfront. One sells convenience. The other sells outcomes it has no lawful way to deliver, and it delivers them by manufacturing facts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The distinction is not about the agent&#8217;s licence, their signage, or how long they have been on the corner. It is about a single question: <strong>does anything in your application say something untrue?<\/strong> If the answer is no, you have bought a service. If the answer is yes, you have bought a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/criminal-record\/\">criminal record<\/a> with a visa stapled to it.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"the-line\">Where the Line Actually Falls<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>What an agent can lawfully do<\/th><th>What crosses the line<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Fill in forms from information you gave them<\/td><td>Fill in forms with information you did not give them, or that neither of you can support<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Translate your documents<\/td><td>Produce a &#8220;translation&#8221; that says something the original does not<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Book and attend appointments, queue, courier documents<\/td><td>Supply a bank letter or statement for an account balance you do not have<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Tell you which visa route fits and what it requires<\/td><td>Supply an employment letter, lease or address confirmation for arrangements that do not exist<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Chase a pending application<\/td><td>Guarantee approval, or explain that a payment is &#8220;for the officer&#8221;<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Certify a copy through a licensed notarial services attorney<\/td><td>Take your passport away and return it with a stamp you never saw applied<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Note the right-hand column is not exotic. It is the ordinary product of a large part of this market, and it is usually presented as normal, because everyone at the shop has done it a hundred times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"rent-the-money\">The Bank Balance Scheme, and Why It Is the One That Reaches the Client<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The most common arrangement, and the most dangerous, involves <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/financial-requirement\/\">the financial requirement<\/a> on retirement and marriage extensions. You do not have the required balance seasoned in a Thai account. An agent offers to solve it. In practice that means one of two things.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The money is real but not yours.<\/strong> Funds are moved into your account for the days the officer will look at, then withdrawn. The bank letter is genuine; the picture it paints is a fiction. Whether this is charged depends on how the paperwork was framed, and it is a great deal more fragile than the people selling it suggest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The money never existed.<\/strong> The bank letter or statement is fabricated. This is not a grey area at all. <strong>Section 264<\/strong> of the Penal Code defines forgery as making a false document in whole or in part, adding to or removing text from a genuine document, altering it, affixing a false seal or a false signature, in a manner likely to cause damage, done so that someone believes it genuine. A bank letter conjured for an immigration file is squarely inside that definition.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is not theoretical. On 12 August 2026 immigration police searched a visa consultancy in Sai Mai district, Bangkok, after a European embassy flagged suspicious bank statements in applications it had received. Officers seized forged rubber stamps of several commercial banks, more than twenty forged financial documents including salary certificates and bank statements, and four computers. The reported charges against the operators are under Penal Code sections 264, 265 and 268, the same forgery and use-of-a-forged-document provisions set out below, together with sections 251 and 252 for the seals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two honest qualifications, because they matter. That case concerned documents for visas to travel abroad rather than Thai extensions, and no client was reported arrested. The part that should concern anyone who has bought a document is different: <strong>the files went with the raid.<\/strong> More than 400 clients were identified from the seized records, at around 40,000 baht each; the Thai press reported them as victims of the scheme, with losses of over 16 million baht. A client list is the first thing an investigation reads, and an application does not become anonymous because somebody else typed it.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 267<\/h3><p>This section punishes giving a false statement to an official so that it is recorded in a public or official document meant to serve as evidence, when this is likely to cause damage. The penalty is up to three years imprisonment, a fine up to 60,000 baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever gives information to an official acting in the course of duty, causing the official to record a false statement in a public document or an official document intended to serve as evidence, in a manner likely to cause damage to another person or to the public, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine not exceeding sixty thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-267\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 268<\/h3><p>This section punishes using or citing a document that was forged or falsified under Sections 264 to 267 in a manner likely to cause damage to another person or the public, with the penalty of the underlying section. If the user is also the forger, or caused the official to record the false statement, they are punished under this section only, as a single offence.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever uses or refers to a document arising from the commission of an offence under Section 264, Section 265, Section 266, or Section 267, in a manner likely to cause damage to another person or to the public, shall be liable to the penalty prescribed in that Section. If the offender under paragraph one is the person who forged that document, or is the person who gave the information causing the official to record that statement, that offender shall be punished under this Section as a single offence only.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-268\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 264<\/h3><p>This section makes it a crime to create a fake document, or to alter, add to, or sign or seal a genuine one, when done to make someone believe the document is real and in a way likely to cause harm. A second paragraph treats it as forgery to fill in text on paper or any other object bearing another person&#039;s signature, without that person&#039;s consent or against their instructions, so as to use it in a way that may cause damage to anyone or the public. The penalty is up to three years in prison, a fine up to 60,000 baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever makes a false document in whole or in part, adds to or removes text, or alters by any means a genuine document, or affixes a false seal or signs a false signature on a document, in a manner likely to cause damage to another person or to the public, if the act is done in order to make any person believe that it is a genuine document, commits the offence of forgery of a document and shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding three years, or a fine not exceeding sixty thousand baht, or both. Whoever fills in text on a sheet of paper or any other object bearing the signature of another person, without that person&#039;s consent or in breach of that person&#039;s instruction, if the act is done in order to use that document in a matter that may cause damage to any person or to the public, shall be deemed to have forged a document and shall be liable to the same penalty.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-264\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 265<\/h3><p>This section raises the punishment for forgery when the forged item is a document of title, meaning one that creates or evidences a legal right, or an official document. The penalty is imprisonment from six months to five years and a fine from 10,000 to 100,000 baht. Both are imposed together.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever forges a document of title or an official document shall be liable to imprisonment from six months to five years and a fine from ten thousand baht to one hundred thousand baht.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-265\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 137<\/h3><p>This section punishes giving false information to an official where it may cause damage to another person or to the public. The penalty is imprisonment not exceeding six months, or a fine not exceeding 10,000 baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever gives a false statement to an official, in a manner likely to cause injury to another person or to the public, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding six months, or a fine not exceeding ten thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-137\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 144<\/h3><p>This section makes it a crime to give, offer or promise money or any benefit to an official or elected council member to induce them to do, refrain from, or delay an act contrary to their duty. The penalty is imprisonment up to five years, a fine up to 100,000 baht, or both.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Whoever gives, offers or agrees to give property or any other benefit to an official, a member of a State legislative assembly, a member of a provincial assembly or a member of a municipal assembly, in order to induce that person to do, not to do, or to delay any act contrary to duty, shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding five years or a fine not exceeding one hundred thousand baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-144\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 81 <small>Immigration Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An alien who remains in the Kingdom without permission, or whose permission has ended or been revoked, shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not exceeding 2 years, or a fine not exceeding 20,000 baht, or both.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/cEVhclA4am5UUUtFTFZXcGZVNmdwUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 33 <small>Lawyers Act B.E. 2528<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A person who is not registered and licensed, or who has ceased to be a lawyer or is prohibited from practising as a lawyer, shall not plead a case in court, or draft a plaint, answer, appeal, reply to an appeal, appeal to the Supreme Court, reply to an appeal to the Supreme Court, motion or statement relating to the trial of a case in court for another person, except where this is done in the capacity of a government official performing official duties, or of an officer of a state agency, state organisation or state enterprise who is performing duties or has the power and duty to do so under the law on procedure or another law.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 267<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e25\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-267\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 268<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e52\u0e56\u0e54 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e52\u0e56\u0e55 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e52\u0e56\u0e56 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e52\u0e56\u0e57 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e46 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e41\u0e23\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e08\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-268\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 264<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e31\u0e14\u0e17\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e25\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e14\u0e32\u0e29\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e16\u0e38\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e22\u0e34\u0e19\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1d\u0e37\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e33\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-264\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 265<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-265\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 137<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e47\u0e08\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-137\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 144<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49 \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e42\u0e22\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19 \u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10 \u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e39\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38: [\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e54 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 (\u0e09\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e52\u0e56) \u0e1e.\u0e28. \u0e52\u0e55\u0e56\u0e50]<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-144\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 81 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e04\u0e19\u0e40\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2522<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e43\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e13\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e16\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e17 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/cEVhclA4am5UUUtFTFZXcGZVNmdwUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 33 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2528<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19  \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10 \u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e27\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 267<\/h3><p>Quiconque fait inscrire par un fonctionnaire agissant dans ses fonctions une fausse mention dans un document public ou officiel destin\u00e9 \u00e0 servir de preuve, de mani\u00e8re \u00e0 pouvoir nuire \u00e0 autrui ou au public, encourt jusqu&#039;\u00e0 trois ans d&#039;emprisonnement, 60 000 bahts d&#039;amende, ou les deux.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-267\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 268<\/h3><p>Quiconque fait usage ou se pr\u00e9vaut d&#039;un document issu d&#039;une infraction pr\u00e9vue aux articles 264, 265, 266 ou 267, d&#039;une mani\u00e8re susceptible de causer un pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 autrui ou au public, encourt la peine pr\u00e9vue par l&#039;article concern\u00e9. Si l&#039;auteur de cet usage est aussi celui qui a falsifi\u00e9 le document ou qui a fait inscrire la mention par le fonctionnaire, il n&#039;est puni qu&#039;une seule fois, en vertu du pr\u00e9sent article.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-268\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 264<\/h3><p>Commet un faux quiconque fabrique tout ou partie d&#039;un faux document, ajoute, retranche ou modifie de quelque mani\u00e8re le texte d&#039;un document authentique, appose un faux sceau ou une fausse signature, d&#039;une mani\u00e8re susceptible de nuire \u00e0 autrui ou au public, afin de le faire passer pour authentique: emprisonnement de trois ans au plus ou amende de soixante mille bahts au plus, ou les deux. Est r\u00e9put\u00e9 commettre un faux, et puni de m\u00eame, celui qui remplit, sans consentement ou contrairement aux instructions, un support portant la signature d&#039;autrui, pour en faire un usage susceptible de nuire \u00e0 quiconque ou au public.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-264\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 265<\/h3><p>Quiconque contrefait un titre constitutif de droits ou un document officiel est puni d&#039;un emprisonnement de six mois \u00e0 cinq ans et d&#039;une amende de dix mille \u00e0 cent mille bahts.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-265\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 137<\/h3><p>Quiconque fait une fausse d\u00e9claration \u00e0 un fonctionnaire, susceptible de nuire \u00e0 autrui ou au public, encourt jusqu&#039;\u00e0 six mois d&#039;emprisonnement, 10 000 bahts d&#039;amende, ou les deux.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-137\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 144<\/h3><p>Quiconque donne, offre ou promet de donner un bien ou tout autre avantage \u00e0 un fonctionnaire, \u00e0 un membre d&#039;une assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative de l&#039;\u00c9tat, \u00e0 un membre d&#039;un conseil provincial ou d&#039;un conseil municipal, pour l&#039;inciter \u00e0 accomplir, \u00e0 ne pas accomplir ou \u00e0 retarder un acte contraire \u00e0 ses devoirs, est puni d&#039;un emprisonnement de cinq ans au plus ou d&#039;une amende de cent mille bahts au plus, ou des deux.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-penal-code\/section-144\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 81 <small>Immigration Act B.E. 2522<\/small><\/h3><p>L&#039;\u00e9tranger s\u00e9journant dans le Royaume sans autorisation, ou dont l&#039;autorisation a pris fin ou a \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9voqu\u00e9e, encourt jusqu&#039;\u00e0 2 ans d&#039;emprisonnement, 20 000 bahts d&#039;amende, ou les deux.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/cEVhclA4am5UUUtFTFZXcGZVNmdwUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 33 <small>Lawyers Act B.E. 2528<\/small><\/h3><p>Sans inscription ni licence, ou apr\u00e8s cessation ou interdiction d&#039;exercice, nul ne peut plaider ni r\u00e9diger pour autrui des actes de proc\u00e9dure, sauf fonctionnaire ou agent d&#039;un organisme ou d&#039;une entreprise d&#039;\u00c9tat agissant dans ses fonctions ou habilit\u00e9 par la loi.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K2dTMURyaDllOXJVWVZqZGJLK09pdz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/cEVhclA4am5UUUtFTFZXcGZVNmdwUT09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Immigration Act B.E. 2522<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lawyers Act B.E. 2528<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 2 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"your-exposure\">What You Are Actually Exposed To<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">These are the provisions that get used, with the penalties as the Thai text states them. All of them except fraud under section 341, which is usually the agent&#8217;s offence against you, can attach to the person in whose name the application was made.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Offence<\/th><th>What it covers here<\/th><th>Penalty<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-267\/\">Penal Code \u00a7267<\/a><\/td><td>Causing an official acting in their duty to record a false statement in a public or official document intended as evidence, in a manner likely to cause damage. <strong>This is the visa-file offence.<\/strong><\/td><td>Up to <strong>3 years<\/strong>, or a fine up to 60,000 THB, or both<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-264\/\">Penal Code \u00a7264<\/a><\/td><td>Forgery: the fabricated bank letter, employment letter, lease or signature itself<\/td><td>Up to <strong>3 years<\/strong>, or a fine up to 60,000 THB, or both<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-265\/\">Penal Code \u00a7265<\/a><\/td><td>Forgery of a <strong>document of title or an official document<\/strong>. Where the forged item is an official document rather than a private letter, the range moves up and there is a minimum.<\/td><td><strong>6 months to 5 years<\/strong>, and a fine of 10,000 to 100,000 THB<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-268\/\">Penal Code \u00a7268<\/a><\/td><td><strong>Using<\/strong> a document produced by an offence under \u00a7264, \u00a7265, \u00a7266 or \u00a7267. This is the one that reaches the applicant who never forged anything and simply submitted what the agent handed over.<\/td><td>The <strong>same penalty as the section the document came from<\/strong>. Where the user is also the forger, punished as a single offence.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-137\/\">Penal Code \u00a7137<\/a><\/td><td>Giving a false statement to an official where damage may result. The lesser, easily proved fallback charge<\/td><td>Up to <strong>6 months<\/strong>, or a fine up to 10,000 THB, or both<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-341\/\">Penal Code \u00a7341<\/a><\/td><td>Fraud. Usually the agent&#8217;s offence against <em>you<\/em>, where they took the fee and did nothing<\/td><td>Up to 3 years, or a fine up to 60,000 THB, or both<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Immigration Act \u00a781<\/td><td>If the &#8220;extension&#8221; you paid for was never actually granted, you have been on overstay the whole time, and the fine and ban ladders run from the real expiry date<\/td><td>Up to 2 years, or a fine up to 20,000 THB, or both, plus the re-entry ban<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 267 deserves a second look, because it is the one people do not see coming. It does not require you to have forged anything. It is enough that you <em>caused the officer to write down something untrue<\/em> in an official record. Handing over a document an agent gave you, in support of an application you signed, is how that happens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Section 268 is the other half of that, and it is the more direct route.<\/strong> It makes it an offence to <em>use or refer to<\/em> a document produced by an offence under section 264, 265, 266 or 267, and it carries the same penalty as the section the document came from. So the applicant who did not forge the bank letter, did not ask how it was produced, and simply filed it, is not standing outside the offence looking in. Section 268 is written for exactly that person. Its second paragraph adds that where the user is also the forger the two are punished as one offence, which tells you the drafters expected the user and the forger to often be different people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Beyond the criminal exposure, there is the immigration consequence that outlasts it: a finding of this kind is precisely the sort of thing that produces a refusal, a revocation and a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/blacklist\/\">blacklisting<\/a>, and none of those are cured by paying a fine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"enforcement\">Why This Changed in 2026<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Enforcement intensity is not what it was. The Immigration Bureau has been running a sustained campaign under its &#8220;No Entry, No Stay, No Escape&#8221; banner, aimed at scam networks, illegal working and visa abuse. On the Bureau&#8217;s own reported figures for January to May 2026, <strong>29,490 foreigners were refused entry<\/strong>, more than 14,000 overstayers and illegal workers were arrested for <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/deportation\/\">deportation<\/a> in operations across some 190 target zones, with Chonburi including Pattaya the busiest at 147 operations, and 668 education visas were revoked for misuse. Those are the Bureau&#8217;s published enforcement figures for the period, not court outcomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two things follow. First, files are being looked at that would previously have been stamped. Second, and more importantly for anyone who used an agent years ago, <strong>a file does not become safe with age.<\/strong> When a document shop is raided, its records go with it, and every application it touched becomes reviewable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the same enforcement posture driving the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-nominee-company-crackdown-2026\/\">nominee company crackdown<\/a>: data sharing between agencies, and a willingness to work backwards from a list.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"red-flags\">Red Flags<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>&#8220;You don&#8217;t need the money in the bank, we handle that.&#8221;<\/strong> The single clearest warning. There is no lawful version of this.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>A guaranteed approval.<\/strong> Nobody can guarantee a discretionary decision. An agent who does is either lying or paying someone.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>Any part of the fee described as being for the officer.<\/strong> That is a bribe, and it exposes you separately. Penal Code <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-penal-code\/section-144\/\">section 144<\/a> punishes giving, offering or agreeing to give money or any other benefit to an official to induce an improper act with up to five years, or a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/fine\/\">fine<\/a> up to 100,000 baht, or both. The offence is committed by the person who gives.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>They keep your passport and return it stamped, with no appointment you attended.<\/strong> You have no idea what was submitted in your name.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>They will not give you copies of what was filed.<\/strong> A legitimate agent hands you the file. Ask for it in writing, before you pay.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>No receipt, no company name, no registered address.<\/strong> If it goes wrong there is nobody to pursue, and you will be the only name on the application.<\/li>\n\n<li><strong>They discourage you from reading what you are signing<\/strong>, or present forms already completed in Thai you cannot check.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">One test cuts through all of it. Ask: <em>&#8220;Can you show me which requirement this document satisfies, and how it is true?&#8221;<\/em> An honest agent answers immediately. The other kind changes the subject.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"alternatives\">What to Do Instead, by Situation<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most people who end up buying a fake document did so because they believed there was no lawful route. Usually there is one, and it is unglamorous.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table>\n<thead><tr><th>Your problem<\/th><th>The lawful route<\/th><\/tr><\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr><td>Cannot meet the retirement financial requirement<\/td><td>The monthly income route instead of the lump sum, or the combination method where available. Or a different visa entirely. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/extension-based-on-retirement-in-thailand\/\">retirement extensions<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Married to a Thai national and short of the balance<\/td><td>The marriage extension has its own, lower, financial tests and an income option. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-marriage-visa-non-o-2026-complete-guide-for-foreign-spouses\/\">the marriage visa guide<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Working remotely for a foreign employer<\/td><td>The DTV was created for this. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/destination-thailand-visa-dtv-requirements\/\">DTV requirements<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Doing border runs to stay on tourist entries<\/td><td>This is what the repeat-visitor tightening targets. Move to a visa that matches what you are actually doing.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Already overstayed<\/td><td>Deal with it directly. Surrendering is dramatically better than being found. See <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-visa-overstay-criminal-blacklists\/\">the overstay guide<\/a>.<\/td><\/tr>\n<tr><td>Already used an agent and are now worried<\/td><td>Find out what was actually filed in your name before anyone else does. That is a legal question, and it is a much cheaper one now than later.<\/td><\/tr>\n<\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lawyer\">When You Need a Lawyer Rather Than an Agent<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Most of the time you do not. For a routine extension where you meet the requirements, an agent or doing it yourself is fine, and we will say so.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Where a lawyer matters is when the question stops being administrative: an application that has been refused, a revocation, a blacklist, a file that contains something you did not put there, or any situation where a criminal provision is in play. Agents cannot appear for you, cannot advise on criminal exposure, and are not covered by professional obligations or privilege. If your problem has a section number attached to it, it is not an agent&#8217;s problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Our comparison of the two roles is in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/how-to-choose-a-lawyer-in-thailand\/\">choosing a lawyer in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 28 September 2026.<\/strong> Penal Code sections 137, 144, 264, 265, 267 and 268 were read in Thai and the penalties in the table match. The 12 August 2026 raid was checked against Thai press reports, and the figure of 29,490 refused entries against the Immigration Bureau figures as reported. The other Bureau figures and section 81 of the Immigration Act were not re-checked. Re-checked on 10 October 2026: section 81 of the Immigration Act B.E. 2522 read in Thai in the consolidated text on the government&#8217;s central law register, unamended in every version through the 2018 Emergency Decree; it punishes staying without permission or after permission has ended or been revoked with up to two years, a fine up to 20,000 baht, or both, as the table says; nothing changed; the Bureau figures remain as reported.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"faq\">Common Questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000000\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is it illegal to use a visa agent in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Preparing forms, translating, queueing, couriering and booking appointments are all lawful services, and using an agent for them is entirely normal. What is criminal is submitting anything untrue, whatever the agent tells you about how usual it is.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000001\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can visa agents give legal advice in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Not as a lawyer. Section 33 of the Lawyers Act reserves appearing in a Thai court for someone else, and drafting their pleadings and court filings, to licensed lawyers. An agent can tell you what a form requires; they cannot advise you on criminal exposure, act for you if an application is refused or revoked, or represent you in any proceeding. They are also not bound by professional obligations or privilege, so what you tell them is not protected.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What happens if my agent used fake documents without telling me?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>You are still the applicant, and the file is in your name, so you are the person the authorities look at first. Whether you are prosecuted turns on what you knew, and knowledge is proved from circumstances: what you paid, what you were told, what you signed, and whether you had the money you claimed. The practical answer is to establish what was filed in your name now, rather than discovering it at a counter.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000003\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is &#8220;renting&#8221; money for a Thai visa balance illegal?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Where the bank letter is fabricated, plainly yes: that is forgery under section 264, and using it to make an immigration officer record a false balance engages section 267, which carries up to three years. Where funds are genuinely moved in and out to create an appearance, the position is more fact-dependent, but it is far more fragile than the people selling it suggest, and the file remains reviewable for years.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000004\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What is the penalty for false documents in a Thai visa application?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Section 267 of the Penal Code, causing an official to record a false statement in an official document, carries up to three years&#8217; imprisonment, or a fine of up to 60,000 baht, or both. Section 137, giving a false statement to an official, carries up to six months or a fine up to 10,000 baht, or both. Forgery itself falls under section 264, or section 265 where the forged item is an official document, and section 268 makes using such a document an offence at the same penalty. Alongside the criminal consequence sits refusal, revocation and blacklisting.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000005\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I be blacklisted for using a visa agent?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Not for using one. You can certainly be blacklisted for what was submitted in your name, and a blacklisting following a fraud finding is not cured by paying a fine.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000006\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">My agent said the visa was extended but I am not sure it was. What now?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Check urgently, because if no extension was actually granted you have been on overstay since the real expiry date, and both the daily fine and the re-entry ban run from then, not from when you find out. Verify the stamp and the record before you travel or approach a checkpoint.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1788700000007\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Should I report an agent who sold me a fake document?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Take advice before you do anything. You may have a genuine fraud claim against them under section 341, and you may simultaneously have exposure of your own. The order in which those two things are raised, and by whom, matters a great deal.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"tlo-trust-block\" style=\"margin:32px 0 0;\">\n<a class=\"tlo-trust-badge tlo-trust-badge--vortex\" href=\"\/supreme-court-decisions\/\"><span class=\"tlo-trust-badge__tick\" aria-hidden=\"true\">&#10003;<\/span> \u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 77,000 \u0e04\u0e14\u0e35 \u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25 Vortex<\/a>\n<aside class=\"tlo-trust-author\" aria-label=\"\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\">\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__person\">\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__photo\">\n                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-author__initials\" aria-hidden=\"true\">SB<\/span>                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__body\">\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/our-team\/\">S\u00e9bastien Brousseau<\/a><\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__cred\">LL.B., B.Sc.<\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__bio\">Editor of ThaiLawOnline, working in Thai law since 2006. Writes for foreign residents and investors on property, family, immigration, estate and business matters.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__person\">\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__photo\">\n                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-author__initials\" aria-hidden=\"true\">WA<\/span>                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__body\">\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__name\">Wichuda Atthamethakon<\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__cred\">LL.M. \u00b7 Thai Bar License 3149\/2556 \u00b7 Notarial Services Attorney<\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__bio\">Thai lawyer of record. Handles court work, Land Office and district-office registration, and notarial services.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            \n            <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__meta\">\n                                                    <span>\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 4, 2026<\/span>\n                            <\/p>\n        <\/aside>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"help\">If You Are Worried About a File<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The useful first step is small: establish what was actually submitted in your name, and whether anything in it is a problem. That is an hour&#8217;s work in most cases, and it is the difference between managing a situation and being surprised by one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A consultation is <strong>2,000 THB per hour<\/strong>. Straightforward visa applications handled properly are <strong>14,900 THB<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/contact-us\/\">Contact us<\/a> in English, French or Thai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Email:<\/strong> <a href=\"mailto:info@thailawonline.com\">info@thailawonline.com<\/a> \u00a0|\u00a0 <strong>Phone:<\/strong> +66 87 225 1340 (English and French), +66 87 414 9288 (Thai and English).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p style=\"font-size:0.92em;color:#555;\"><em>This page states the position as at August 2026 and is general information, not advice on your situation. Statutory references are to the Thai Penal Code and the Immigration Act B.E. 2522, quoted from the Thai originals. Nothing here is an allegation about any particular business.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Last reviewed: 28 September 2026. Penal Code sections 137, 144, 264, 265, 267 and 268 were read in Thai and the penalties quoted match. The enforcement case figures come from press and Immigration Bureau reports and were not re-verified here; Immigration Act section 81 was read in Thai on 10 October 2026 and matches.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\", \"@graph\": [{\"@type\": \"Article\", \"@id\": \"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/visa-agents-thailand-legal\/#article\", \"headline\": \"Using a Visa Agent in Thailand: What Is Legal, What Is Criminal, and the 2026 Crackdown\", \"description\": \"Using a visa agent is legal. Submitting anything untrue is not, and the exposure is the applicant's. 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\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/visa-agents-thailand-legal\/\"}]}]}<\/script>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e33\u0e27\u0e35\u0e0b\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e15\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 267, 264, 137 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 341 \u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e25\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":0,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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