{"id":6593,"date":"2026-09-05T19:09:47","date_gmt":"2026-09-05T12:09:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/penalty-clause\/"},"modified":"2026-09-18T19:54:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-18T12:54:09","slug":"penalty-clause","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/penalty-clause\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22: \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 383"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>\u0e40\u0e2d <strong>\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a<\/strong> (\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a, <em>bia prap<\/em>, \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 <em>bia prab<\/em>) is a term by which a debtor promises to pay a fixed sum, or forfeit something, if he fails to perform a contract or performs it badly. Thai law does not distinguish, as English law does, between an enforceable liquidated damages clause and an unenforceable penalty: every such clause is valid, and the court&#8217;s control lies in Section 383 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c<\/a>, which lets a judge reduce a disproportionately high penalty to a reasonable amount.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d<\/h2><nav><ul><li><a href=\"#how-sections-379-to-385-make-penalties-work\">\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 379 \u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 385 \u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#practical-points-for-a-foreigner-drafting-or-facing-one\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1c\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#penalty-earnest-and-damages-compared\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e17\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">\u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-sections-379-to-385-make-penalties-work\">\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 379 \u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 385 \u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>The mechanism.<\/strong> A penalty is forfeited when the debtor is in default (Section 379). If it was promised for non-performance, the creditor may claim it instead of performance, and if his actual loss is larger he may claim the excess as well (Section 380). If it was promised for improper performance, such as late delivery, the creditor may claim both the penalty and performance, but loses the penalty if he accepts performance without reserving it (Section 381): a client who takes the keys to a late house without a written reservation has waived the delay penalty.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Judicial reduction.<\/strong> Under Section 383 a penalty that is disproportionately high may be reduced by the court to a reasonable amount, taking into account every legitimate interest of the creditor, not only his financial loss. The debtor must ask, and once the penalty has been paid no reduction can be claimed. A penalty attached to an obligation that is itself void falls with it (Section 385). The Unfair Contract Terms Act B.E. 2540 (1997) adds a parallel power to moderate excessive penalties and forfeited deposits in standard form and consumer contracts.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"practical-points-for-a-foreigner-drafting-or-facing-one\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1c\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27<\/h2>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Construction.<\/strong> A daily penalty for late completion, a small fraction of a percent of the contract price per day and often capped at around 10% of the price, is standard in Thai building contracts, and the guide on <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/construction-law-in-thailand\/\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/a> treats it as essential drafting. The mistake is not fixing the completion date and the extension mechanism in writing. Where the owner terminates at will under Section 605, a sum agreed as the price of that termination has been treated by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/a> as agreed compensation, not a penalty, and enforced in full.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p><strong>Leases and condominiums.<\/strong> Landlords write penalties for early termination and developers write forfeiture of instalments paid; both are subject to Section 383 and to the Unfair Contract Terms Act, and a tenant or buyer who can show the other side&#8217;s real loss was small often recovers most of the money. An employee&#8217;s training bond is enforceable but is routinely cut down by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/labour-court\/\">\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19<\/a> to the employer&#8217;s actual training cost.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"penalty-earnest-and-damages-compared\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e17\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22<\/h2>\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02<\/th><th>\u0e21\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23<\/th><th>Court control<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Penalty (bia prap)<\/td><td>Sum promised for breach, Sections 379 to 385<\/td><td>Reduced if disproportionate, Section 383<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e07<\/td><td>Deposit given on signing, Sections 377 and 378<\/td><td>Forfeited on the payer&#8217;s default; excessive forfeiture can be moderated<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Damages (kha sia hai)<\/td><td>Loss actually proved, Section 222<\/td><td>Awarded only as proved<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>\u0e41\u0e2d\u0e19 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/earnest-deposit\/\">\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e08\u0e31\u0e07<\/a> is proof that the contract was made and security for performance; a penalty is a promise of a sum for breach; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/damages\/\">\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22<\/a> are what the court awards when nothing was agreed. A well drafted contract keeps the agreed amounts realistic enough to survive Section 383.<\/p><\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"frequently-asked-questions\">\u0e04\u0e33\u0e16\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22<\/h2>\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list\">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e48 \u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c \u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 383 \u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e25\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e25\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19 \u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e23\u0e39\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e14\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-2\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e15\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e25\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32 (\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e19\u0e44\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e17\u0e14\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49) \u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e46 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e25\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e34\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32 \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e21\u0e34\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e25\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e41\u0e17\u0e49\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e01 \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e25\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 383 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-3\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e22\u0e36\u0e14\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e31\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e07\u0e27\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48 \u0e2b\u0e32\u0e01\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e22\u0e01\u0e40\u0e25\u0e34\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e21\u0e34\u0e40\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer\">\n\n<p>\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e31\u0e01\u0e08\u0e30\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e07\u0e27\u0e14\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 383 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e42\u0e20\u0e04 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e08\u0e19\u0e4c\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e42\u0e04\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e19\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e35\u0e22\u0e07\u0e40\u0e25\u0e47\u0e01\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22 \u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e25\u0e14\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e19\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e25\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e04\u0e22\u0e25\u0e14\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e25\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><p>\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/earnest-deposit\/\">\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e31\u0e07<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/damages\/\">\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e22<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/glossary\/void-and-voidable\/\">\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e35\u0e22\u0e30<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/construction-law-in-thailand\/\">Construction law in Thailand<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/condo-deposit-forfeiture-in-thailand-dika-1511-2569\/\">Condo deposit forfeiture in Thailand<\/a> \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/off-plan-condo-thailand\/\">Off-plan condos in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A penalty clause (\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e49\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a, bia prap, also written bia prab) is a term by which a debtor promises to pay [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":214,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"footnotes":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"penalty clause thailand","rank_math_title":"Penalty Clause in Thailand: Section 383 | ThaiLawOnline","rank_math_description":"Penalty clause in Thailand (bia prap): how liquidated damages work under Sections 379 to 385, when a court cuts an excessive penalty under Section 383.","rank_math_breadcrumb_title":"","rank_math_canonical_url":""},"class_list":["post-6593","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","pmpro-has-access"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6593","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6593"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6593\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7858,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/6593\/revisions\/7858"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/214"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6593"}],"curies":[{"name":"\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e25\u0e22\u0e39\u0e1e\u0e35","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}