{"id":4538,"date":"2026-08-10T06:27:10","date_gmt":"2026-08-09T23:27:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand-supreme-court-170-2569\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T22:14:02","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T15:14:02","slug":"foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22: \u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 170\/2569"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Married in Miami in 1990. Widowed in Thailand in 2023. And then told by the person who had cared for her late husband that her marriage &#8220;did not count&#8221; here because it was never registered at a Thai district office. In <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/supreme-court-dika\/\">Supreme Court<\/a> Decision No. 170\/2569 (2026)<\/strong> (black case no. \u0e1e.630\/2568, on appeal from the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-of-appeal\/\">Court of Appeal<\/a> Region 6), the Supreme Court of Thailand rejected that argument completely, and in doing so gave couples who married abroad, in a case decided under Section 1459 of the Civil and Commercial Code, a clear, citable answer to one of the most common questions we hear at ThaiLawOnline: <em>is my foreign marriage valid in Thailand?<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Last reviewed: 31 August 2026.<\/strong> Supreme Court Decision 170\/2569 was read in full in Thai, to its final disposition, from the deka.in.th record, and its docket details were checked against that source. Sections 1459 paragraph 1, 1658, 1705 and 1718 of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/thai-civil-and-commercial-code\/\">Civil and Commercial Code<\/a> were read against the Thai text in our own annotated Code, and Section 20 of the Conflict of Laws Act B.E. 2481 was read paragraph by paragraph from the published Thai text of the Act. Supreme Court Decision 2102\/2551, cited here for the position of an unmarried partner, was read in full in Thai. The Kor Ror 22 family status register is described from the Ministry of Interior Regulation on Family Registration B.E. 2541.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand-supreme-court-170-2569-1024x576.webp\" alt=\"Foreign marriage valid in Thailand, Supreme Court decision Dika 170\/2569 recognizes marriages concluded abroad for mixed Thai-foreign couples\" class=\"wp-image-4601\" style=\"width:700px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand-supreme-court-170-2569-1024x576.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand-supreme-court-170-2569-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand-supreme-court-170-2569-768x432.webp 768w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand-supreme-court-170-2569-18x10.webp 18w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand-supreme-court-170-2569-600x338.webp 600w, https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/08\/foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand-supreme-court-170-2569.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. And you do not need to register it again in Thailand for it to count.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand\">Foreign Marriage Valid in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#what-the-supreme-court-decided-in-dika-170-2569\">What the Supreme Court decided in Dika 170\/2569<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-legal-foundations-section-1459-and-the-conflict-of-laws-act\">The legal foundations: Section 1459 and the Conflict of Laws Act<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#why-this-matters-the-spouse-is-a-statutory-heir\">Why this matters: the spouse is a statutory heir<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-evidence-that-convinced-the-court\">The evidence that convinced the court<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#she-never-even-came-to-the-funeral-the-attack-that-failed\">\u201cShe never even came to the funeral\u201d, the attack that failed<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#the-side-lesson-the-deceaseds-will-was-void-section-1658\">The side lesson: the deceased&#8217;s will was void (Section 1658)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#practical-takeaways-for-couples-who-married-abroad\">Practical takeaways for couples who married abroad<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"foreign-marriage-valid-in-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Foreign Marriage Valid in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-the-supreme-court-decided-in-dika-170-2569\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What the Supreme Court decided in Dika 170\/2569<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The couple married in Florida in 1990, in a ceremony valid under Florida law. The husband later lived, and died, in Thailand, and the person who had cared for him in his last months, a beneficiary under his will, petitioned the Thai court over his <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/estate\/\">estate<\/a>, arguing that the widow was not a lawful spouse because the marriage had never been registered or re-registered with a Thai registrar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Supreme Court held that the marriage was valid in Thailand, quoting <strong>Section 1459 paragraph 1 of the Civil and Commercial Code<\/strong> and <strong>Section 20 paragraph 2 of the Conflict of Laws Act B.E. 2481 (1938)<\/strong>. Section 1459 paragraph 1 is the provision that does the work here: a marriage abroad involving a Thai national may be made in the form prescribed by Thai law <em>or<\/em> by the law of the country where it takes place. Under Section 1459 paragraph 1, a marriage abroad involving a Thai national may follow the form of Thai law or of the country where it took place, and Section 20 of the Conflict of Laws Act gives the same result; the Court found no evidence against the Florida record, so the marriage was valid. These provisions settle the form of the marriage, not every other condition of it. Section 1459 by its terms covers a marriage abroad between Thai nationals or between a Thai national and a foreigner, so the decision does not by itself rule on a marriage between two foreigners: for that, the form rule is Section 20 paragraph 1 of the Conflict of Laws Act, which is statute and not this decision. That made the widow a <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/statutory-heir\/\">statutory heir<\/a><\/strong> as a surviving spouse under <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/classes-of-heirs\/\">Section 1629<\/a> of the Civil and Commercial Code, entitled to inherit under the shares set out in Section 1635.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>The rule: no Thai registration, and no &#8220;re-registration&#8221; at an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/amphoe-or-amphur-district-office\/\">amphoe<\/a> (district office), is required for a marriage validly celebrated abroad to have full legal effect in Thailand, including inheritance rights.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-legal-foundations-section-1459-and-the-conflict-of-laws-act\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The legal foundations: Section 1459 and the Conflict of Laws Act<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Two provisions did the work in this case, and they are worth understanding because they protect thousands of Thai-foreign and foreign-foreign couples living in Thailand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"section-1459-paragraph-1-civil-and-commercial-code\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 1459 paragraph 1, Civil and Commercial Code<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A marriage in a foreign country may be effected according to the form prescribed by Thai law <em>or<\/em> by the law of the country where the marriage takes place. In other words, Thai law itself says a foreign-form marriage is an acceptable form of marriage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"section-20-conflict-of-laws-act-b-e-2481\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Section 20, Conflict of Laws Act B.E. 2481<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Section 20 has two paragraphs and they say different things. <strong>Paragraph one<\/strong> is the rule most people mean: a marriage made in accordance with the form prescribed by the law of the country where it was made is valid. <strong>Paragraph two<\/strong>, which is the one the Supreme Court quoted in this case, adds that a marriage made abroad between Thai nationals, or between a Thai national and a foreigner, in accordance with the form prescribed by <em>Thai<\/em> law is also valid. So a courthouse wedding in Miami that satisfies Florida law satisfies Thai private international law under paragraph one and under Section 1459 paragraph 1 of the Code. For an overview of how marriage works under Thai law generally, see our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/marriage-in-thailand\/\">marriage in Thailand<\/a> and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/consequences-of-marriage-in-thailand\/\">legal consequences of marriage in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 20 <small>Act on Conflict of Laws B.E. 2481<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A marriage celebrated in accordance with the form prescribed by the law of the country where the marriage is celebrated is valid. A marriage between Thai subjects, or between a Thai subject and an alien, celebrated in a foreign country in accordance with the form prescribed by Thai law, is valid.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/ODY2YVdSdnF3bk81MHdZVk5KSjg0Zz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1459<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A marriage in a foreign country between Thai nationals, or between a Thai national and a foreigner, may be effected according to the form prescribed by Thai law or by the law of the country where it takes place.\n If the spouses desire to have the marriage registered according to Thai law, the registration shall be effected by a Thai Diplomatic or Consular Officer.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1459\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 17 <small>Family Registration Act B.E. 2478<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If any act concerning family status has been done in a foreign country in the form prescribed by the law of the country where it was done, an interested person may apply to have it recorded in Siam, but must submit the documents evidencing that act, duly certified, together with a Thai translation, at that party&#039;s own expense. If such an act has been done in a foreign country in the form prescribed by Siamese law, the Siamese diplomatic or consular officer shall send a duly certified copy of the register or record to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for forwarding to the Ministry of Interior.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/R2xyZWxNQ2N4TmdQUVZTa0tTaVEydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 19 <small>Act on Conflict of Laws B.E. 2481<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The conditions of marriage are governed by the law of the nationality of each party.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/ODY2YVdSdnF3bk81MHdZVk5KSjg0Zz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1629<\/h3><p>There are only six classes of statutory heirs, entitled in this order, subject to Section 1630 paragraph 2: (1) descendants; (2) parents; (3) full-blood siblings; (4) half-blood siblings; (5) grandparents; (6) uncles and aunts. The surviving spouse is also a statutory heir, subject to the special provisions of Section 1635.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">There are only six classes of statutory heir and, subject to Section 1630 paragraph 2, each class is entitled to inherit in the following order:\n (1) descendants; (2) parents; (3) brothers and sisters of full blood; (4) brothers and sisters of half blood; (5) grandparents; (6) uncles and aunts.\n The surviving spouse is also a statutory heir, subject to the special provisions of Section 1635.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1629\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1635<\/h3><p>The surviving spouse takes the same share as a child where there are descendants (or their representatives); one half where there are full-blood siblings (or their representatives), or parents and no descendants; two thirds where there are half-blood siblings, grandparents, or uncles and aunts (or their representatives); and the whole estate where there is no statutory heir under Section 1629.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The order and the share of the surviving spouse in the estate of the deceased are as follows:\n (1) if there is an heir under Section 1629 (1) surviving, or represented as the case may be, the surviving spouse is entitled to the same share as an heir of the rank of a child;\n (2) if there is an heir under Section 1629 (3) surviving, or represented, or if there is no heir under Section 1629 (1) but there is an heir under Section 1629 (2), as the case may be, the surviving spouse is entitled to one half of the estate;\n (3) if there is an heir under Section 1629 (4) or (6) surviving, or represented, or an heir under Section 1629 (5), as the case may be, the surviving spouse is entitled to two thirds of the estate;\n (4) if there is none of the heirs listed in Section 1629, the surviving spouse is entitled to the whole estate.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1635\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1718<\/h3><p>Three classes of person cannot be an administrator of an estate: those who have not yet reached majority, those of unsound mind or whom the court has adjudged quasi-incompetent, and those whom the court has adjudged bankrupt.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The following persons cannot be administrators of an estate:\n (1) persons who have not yet reached majority;\n (2) persons of unsound mind, or persons whom the court has adjudged quasi-incompetent;\n (3) persons whom the court has adjudged bankrupt.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1718\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1705<\/h3><p>A will, or any clause in it, is void if it contravenes Section 1652, 1653, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1660, 1661 or 1663. The list is closed and covers the bar on a ward making a will in favour of the guardian or the guardian&#039;s close relatives before the guardianship account is rendered (Section 1652), the bar on the writer, the witnesses and their spouses taking a benefit (Section 1653), and the formal requirements for each type of will. Because the section applies to a clause as well as to a whole will, a single offending gift can fail while the rest of the will stands.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A will or clause in a will is void if it is contrary to the provisions of Section 1652, 1653, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1660, 1661, or 1663.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1705\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 20 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e1e\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e28\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a 2481<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/ODY2YVdSdnF3bk81MHdZVk5KSjg0Zz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1459<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e14\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e08\u0e30\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e39\u0e15\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e25\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1459\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 17 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e27 \u0e1e\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e28\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a 2478<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e23\u0e31\u0e27\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e20\u0e32\u0e29\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e08\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\n\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e17\u0e39\u0e15\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e22\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e19\u0e32\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e17\u0e36\u0e01\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e39\u0e01\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e23\u0e27\u0e07\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e14\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/R2xyZWxNQ2N4TmdQUVZTa0tTaVEydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 19 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22 \u0e1e\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e28\u0e31\u0e01\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a 2481<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e40\u0e07\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e02\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/ODY2YVdSdnF3bk81MHdZVk5KSjg0Zz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1629<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e25\u0e33\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e53\u0e50 \u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04 \u0e52 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e33\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e51) \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e1a\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e14\u0e32\u0e19 (\u0e52) \u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32 (\u0e53) \u0e1e\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 (\u0e54) \u0e1e\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e34\u0e14\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 (\u0e55) \u0e1b\u0e39\u0e48 \u0e22\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e15\u0e32 \u0e22\u0e32\u0e22 (\u0e56) \u0e25\u0e38\u0e07 \u0e1b\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e19\u0e49\u0e32 \u0e2d\u0e32 \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21 \u0e20\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e15\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e40\u0e28\u0e29\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e53\u0e55<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1629\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1635<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e25\u0e33\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 (\u0e51) \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e52\u0e59 (\u0e51) \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e15\u0e23 (\u0e52) \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e52\u0e59 (\u0e53) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e52\u0e59 (\u0e51) \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e52\u0e59 (\u0e52) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 (\u0e53) \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e52\u0e59 (\u0e54) \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d (\u0e56) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e52\u0e59 (\u0e55) \u0e41\u0e25\u0e49\u0e27\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e13\u0e35 \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21 (\u0e54) \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e21\u0e35\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e52\u0e59 \u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e27\u0e34\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e17\u0e18\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e14<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1635\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1718<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e21\u0e23\u0e14\u0e01\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49(\u0e51) \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e22\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e25\u0e38\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e20\u0e32\u0e27\u0e30(\u0e52) \u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e27\u0e34\u0e01\u0e25\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e23\u0e49\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16(\u0e53) \u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e04\u0e19\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1718\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1705<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e33\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e14\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e02\u0e31\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e52 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e53 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e56 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e57 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e55\u0e58 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e56\u0e50 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e56\u0e51 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e51\u0e56\u0e56\u0e53 \u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1705\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 20 <small>Act on Conflict of Laws B.E. 2481<\/small><\/h3><p>Le mariage c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 selon la forme prescrite par la loi du pays de c\u00e9l\u00e9bration est valable. Le mariage entre ressortissants tha\u00eflandais, ou entre un ressortissant tha\u00eflandais et un \u00e9tranger, c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9tranger selon la forme prescrite par la loi tha\u00eflandaise, est \u00e9galement valable.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/ODY2YVdSdnF3bk81MHdZVk5KSjg0Zz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1459<\/h3><p>Le mariage c\u00e9l\u00e9br\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9tranger entre ressortissants tha\u00eflandais, ou lorsque l&#039;un des \u00e9poux est de nationalit\u00e9 tha\u00eflandaise, peut suivre la forme pr\u00e9vue par la loi tha\u00eflandaise ou par la loi du pays concern\u00e9. Si les \u00e9poux souhaitent l&#039;enregistrer selon la loi tha\u00eflandaise, l&#039;enregistrement est effectu\u00e9 par l&#039;agent diplomatique ou consulaire tha\u00eflandais.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1459\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 17 <small>Family Registration Act B.E. 2478<\/small><\/h3><p>Un acte d&#039;\u00e9tat familial pass\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#039;\u00e9tranger selon la forme locale peut \u00eatre inscrit au Siam \u00e0 la demande de l&#039;int\u00e9ress\u00e9, sur pi\u00e8ces certifi\u00e9es et traduction tha\u00efe \u00e0 ses frais. Pass\u00e9 selon la forme siamoise, l&#039;agent diplomatique ou consulaire transmet copie certifi\u00e9e aux Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, pour l&#039;Int\u00e9rieur.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/R2xyZWxNQ2N4TmdQUVZTa0tTaVEydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 19 <small>Act on Conflict of Laws B.E. 2481<\/small><\/h3><p>Les conditions du mariage sont r\u00e9gies par la loi nationale de chaque partie.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/ODY2YVdSdnF3bk81MHdZVk5KSjg0Zz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1629<\/h3><p>Il n&#039;existe que six ordres d&#039;h\u00e9ritiers l\u00e9gaux, par rang, sous r\u00e9serve de l&#039;article 1630 alin\u00e9a 2: descendants; parents; fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs germains; fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs consanguins ou ut\u00e9rins; grands-parents; oncles et tantes. Le conjoint survivant est aussi h\u00e9ritier l\u00e9gal, selon l&#039;article 1635.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1629\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1635<\/h3><p>Le conjoint survivant prend la part d&#039;un enfant avec les descendants; la moiti\u00e9 avec les fr\u00e8res et soeurs germains ou, sans descendants, les parents; deux tiers avec les ordres 4, 5 ou 6; la totalit\u00e9 sans h\u00e9ritier de l&#039;article 1629.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1635\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1718<\/h3><p>Ne peuvent \u00eatre administrateurs de succession la personne n&#039;ayant pas atteint la majorit\u00e9, l&#039;ali\u00e9n\u00e9 ou la personne d\u00e9clar\u00e9e quasi-incapable par le tribunal, et la personne d\u00e9clar\u00e9e en faillite par le tribunal.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1718\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1705<\/h3><p>Le testament ou la disposition testamentaire fait en violation des articles 1652, 1653, 1656, 1657, 1658, 1660, 1661 ou 1663 est nul.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1705\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/2742-2545-half-siblings-heirs\/\">2742\/2545<\/a> (2002): \u0e1e\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/ODY2YVdSdnF3bk81MHdZVk5KSjg0Zz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Act on Conflict of Laws B.E. 2481<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 4 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/R2xyZWxNQ2N4TmdQUVZTa0tTaVEydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Family Registration Act B.E. 2478<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 19 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"why-this-matters-the-spouse-is-a-statutory-heir\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why this matters: the spouse is a statutory heir<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under Section 1629 of the Civil and Commercial Code, the surviving spouse is always a statutory heir, inheriting alongside whichever class of blood relatives exists. If the marriage had been invalid, the widow would have inherited <strong>nothing<\/strong> as of right, the fate of unmarried partners in Thailand, as the Supreme Court confirmed long ago in Dika 2102\/2551. The validity of the marriage was therefore not a technicality: it was the difference between being an heir and being a stranger to the estate. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thailand-inheritance-guide-for-foreigners\/\">inheritance guide for foreigners<\/a> explains the statutory classes and spousal shares in detail.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-evidence-that-convinced-the-court\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The evidence that convinced the court<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Just as important as the holding is the <em>evidential recipe<\/em> the court accepted to prove a 35-year-old foreign marriage. This is the practical checklist for anyone who may one day need to prove a foreign marriage before a Thai court, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/land-office\/\">land office<\/a>, bank, or <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/probate\/\">probate<\/a> registrar:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Document<\/th><th>Issued or prepared by<\/th><th>What it proves<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>The foreign marriage record<\/td><td>Clerk of Court, Miami-Dade County, Florida<\/td><td>That the marriage was celebrated and registered under local law<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Authentication of the record<\/td><td>The same issuing office<\/td><td>That the record is a genuine official document<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Thai translation<\/td><td>A translator (certification recommended; the judgment does not mention it)<\/td><td>Makes the document usable in Thai court proceedings<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Three documents. No Thai marriage registration among them. If you married abroad, obtain a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/marriage-certificate\/\">certified copy of your marriage record<\/a> and an authentication from the issuing authority <em>now<\/em>, while it is easy, not decades later, in the middle of a contested probate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"she-never-even-came-to-the-funeral-the-attack-that-failed\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u201cShe never even came to the funeral\u201d, the attack that failed<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The petitioner also argued that the widow should be disqualified from administering the estate because she had not visited the deceased in his final years and did not attend the funeral. The Supreme Court was unmoved. The grounds for excluding an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/estate-administrator\/\">estate administrator<\/a> under <strong>Section 1718<\/strong> of the Civil and Commercial Code are limited, and &#8220;did not attend the funeral&#8221; is not one of them. On the facts, the court noted the widow had been kept uninformed by the petitioner, who had told her neither of the death nor of the estate application. Nobody can freeze the spouse out of the family&#8217;s affairs and then cite her absence as proof of unfitness. What turned it was evidence the widow produced only at the Supreme Court stage: LINE messages between her and the petitioner showing she had asked after the deceased&#8217;s health throughout. The petitioner filed no reply and did not object, so the Court admitted them under Section 87 (2) of the Civil Procedure Code. <strong>The outcome:<\/strong> the Supreme Court varied the decisions below and appointed the widow administrator of the estate, both lower courts having dismissed her application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"the-side-lesson-the-deceaseds-will-was-void-section-1658\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The side lesson: the deceased&#8217;s will was void (Section 1658)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">There is a second, quieter holding in this case that every reader should take seriously. The deceased had made a will as an <em>official document<\/em> at a district office, and the <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/court-of-first-instance\/\">Court of First Instance<\/a><\/strong> held it <strong>void for failing to comply with the formalities of Section 1658<\/strong> of the Civil and Commercial Code, and therefore void under <strong>Section 1705<\/strong>. The petitioner did not appeal that finding, so it became final at first instance and was not before the Supreme Court at all. The estate therefore <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/intestacy\/\">passed by intestacy<\/a>, which is precisely why the widow&#8217;s status as statutory heir became decisive.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/public-will\/\">District-office wills<\/a> are often marketed as the &#8220;safest&#8221; option because an official supervises them. This case proves the official can get it wrong, and when that happens, the will is worthless. We have collected the leading rulings on failed wills in our analysis of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/last-will-in-thailand\/supreme-court-decisions-last-will-thailand\/\">Supreme Court decisions every foreigner making a will should know<\/a>, and what happens next in <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/if-you-die-without-a-will-in-thailand\/\">if you die without a will in Thailand<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"practical-takeaways-for-couples-who-married-abroad\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Practical takeaways for couples who married abroad<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First, a marriage valid in form where it was celebrated is valid in Thailand: Dika 170\/2569 is Supreme Court authority you can cite where Section 1459 applies (a marriage involving a Thai national), and for a marriage between two foreigners the rule is Section 20 paragraph 1 of the Conflict of Laws Act. Second, build your evidence file today: certified marriage record, authentication from the issuing office, certified Thai translation. Third, recording the marriage at a Thai district office (Khor Ror 22) remains <em>useful<\/em> for day-to-day administration, banks, land offices, immigration, but it is a convenience, not a condition of validity. Fourth, do not rely on intestacy or on a casually made will: have a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/will\/\">Thai will professionally drafted<\/a> and properly executed, because as this very case shows, even a district-office will can be void. Finally, if an earlier marriage abroad was never dissolved, a later Thai registration is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/void-and-voidable\/\">void for bigamy<\/a>, as our guide to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/annulment-in-thailand\/\">annulment in Thailand<\/a> explains.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1786319128719\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is a marriage celebrated abroad valid in Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. A marriage valid in form under the law of the country where it was celebrated is valid in Thailand: Section 20 paragraph 1 of the Conflict of Laws Act B.E. 2481 states the general rule, and Section 1459 paragraph 1 of the Civil and Commercial Code says the same for a marriage abroad involving a Thai national. Supreme Court Decision 170\/2569 confirms it in a case decided under Section 1459, with no re-registration at a district office, including for inheritance. It does not by itself decide every marriage between two foreigners, which rests on Section 20 paragraph 1.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1786319144023\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Do I have to register my foreign marriage at a Thai district office?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. Registration in Thailand (Khor Ror 22) is an administrative convenience that makes daily life easier, but it is not required for the marriage, or the inheritance rights that flow from it, to be legally effective. However, do note that many district office will refuse to divorce by agreement if your marriage is not registered in Thailand. There are benefits to register your marriage.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1786319145091\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">What documents prove a foreign marriage in a Thai court?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>In Dika 170\/2569 the court accepted three: the foreign marriage record, an authentication from the issuing office (there, the Clerk of Court of Miami-Dade County), and a Thai translation of each. The judgment does not say the translations were certified; we recommend a certified translator.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1786319223124\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can Thai relatives block a foreign spouse from inheriting?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Not on the ground that the marriage was foreign, and not on grounds like failing to visit or attend the funeral. The grounds for excluding a spouse as heir or as estate administrator are narrow and statutory (see Section 1718 of the Civil and Commercial Code for administrators).<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1786319241708\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Why was the deceased&#8217;s will void in this case?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>His district-office will failed to comply with the formalities of Section 1658 of the Civil and Commercial Code and was therefore void under Section 1705. That was decided by the Court of First Instance and not appealed, so it was already final when the case reached the Supreme Court. The estate passed under the intestacy rules, with the widow inheriting as a statutory heir.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1786319255741\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does this apply to same-sex marriages celebrated abroad?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Since Thailand&#8217;s marriage equality law took effect in January 2025, Thai law recognizes marriage without distinction of sex, and the same conflict-of-laws principles apply. Specific cases can raise transitional questions, so take advice on your particular situation<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>This article is general legal information about Thai law, not legal advice. For advice on your specific situation, consult a qualified lawyer.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Links : <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Supreme_Court_of_Thailand\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supreme Court of Thailand (Wikipedia)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 (\u0e0e. 170\/2569): \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e49\u0e33 \u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e32\u0e17\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4545,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"ast-content-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"tablet":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""},"mobile":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center center","background-size":"auto","background-attachment":"scroll","background-type":"","background-media":"","overlay-type":"","overlay-color":"","overlay-opacity":"","overlay-gradient":""}},"tlo_featured_media_th":0,"tlo_featured_media_fr":0,"footnotes":"","tlo_reviewed_on":"","tlo_reviewed_by":"","tlo_edited_by":"","tlo_changelog":"[{\"date\":\"2026-11-04\",\"note\":\"Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text\"}]","tlo_authority_on":"1","tlo_box_sections":"","tlo_box_cases":"","rank_math_focus_keyword":"Foreign Marriage Valid in Thailand","rank_math_title":"Foreign Marriage Valid in Thailand: Supreme Court 170\/2569","rank_math_description":"Is a foreign marriage recognised in Thailand? 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