{"id":8876,"date":"2026-09-28T12:45:24","date_gmt":"2026-09-28T05:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/hire-a-thai-lawyer-from-abroad\/"},"modified":"2026-10-28T15:17:57","modified_gmt":"2026-10-28T08:17:57","slug":"hire-a-thai-lawyer-from-abroad","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/hire-a-thai-lawyer-from-abroad\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e27\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28: \u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e32\u0e23\u0e16\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e44\u0e01\u0e25\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e35 2026"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Quick answer.<\/strong> Yes, you can hire a Thai lawyer from abroad and finish most matters without flying to Thailand. Wills, living wills, powers of attorney, usufruct and lease agreements, condominium due diligence, notarisation, police clearance certificates and legal research can all be handled by email, video call, LINE and WhatsApp. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">What still needs an original document or your presence is short and predictable: a Land Office registration (unless you sign a Tor Dor 21 or Or Chor 21 power of attorney), marriage and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/prenuptial\/\">prenuptial registration<\/a> at the district office, and some court steps. ThaiLawOnline has worked this way since 2006 and has handled more than 5,300 client matters, almost all of them by email, telephone, video call, LINE and WhatsApp. This page explains how it works, what it costs, and how to sign Thai documents in your own country.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-rank-math-toc-block\" id=\"rank-math-toc\"><h2>Table of Contents<\/h2><nav><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#can-you-trust-a-thai-lawyer-you-have-never-met\">Can you trust a Thai lawyer you have never met?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#hire-a-thai-lawyer-from-abroad-what-can-be-done-remotely\">Hire a Thai lawyer from abroad: what can be done remotely<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#your-first-week-as-a-remote-client\">Your first week as a remote client<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#signing-thai-documents-outside-thailand\">Signing Thai documents outside Thailand<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#power-of-attorney-which-form-and-how-to-sign-it\">Power of attorney: which form, and how to sign it<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#legalisation-now-apostille-from-28-february-2027\">Legalisation now, apostille from 28 February 2027<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#originals-scans-and-couriers\">Originals, scans and couriers<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#paying-a-thai-law-firm-from-overseas\">Paying a Thai law firm from overseas<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#when-you-do-need-to-be-in-thailand\">When you do need to be in Thailand<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#five-mistakes-foreign-clients-make\">Five mistakes foreign clients make<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#who-will-handle-your-file\">Who will handle your file<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#frequently-asked-questions\">Frequently asked questions<\/a><ul><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000001\">Can I hire a Thai lawyer without travelling to Thailand?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000002\">How do I check that a Thai lawyer is licensed?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000003\">Can I sign a power of attorney for Thailand in my home country?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000004\">Does Thailand accept apostilles?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000005\">Is a scanned signature enough for a Thai law firm?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000006\">How do I pay a Thai law firm from overseas?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000007\">Does using a Thai lawyer remotely cost more?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000008\">Can I make a Thai will while living abroad?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000009\">Can I get divorced in Thailand without travelling?<\/a><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#faq-question-1790640000010\">How quickly will a Thai law firm answer me?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"\"><a href=\"#start-your-matter-from-home\">Start your matter from home<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>At a glance<\/th><th>ThaiLawOnline<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>Firm<\/td><td>ThaiLaw Online Co., Ltd., company registration no. 0305557004821, head office in Bangkok (meetings by appointment only). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/about-thailawonline\/\">About the firm<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Lawyer of record<\/td><td>Khun Wichuda Atthamethakon, LL.M., Thai Bar Licence No. 3149\/2556, Notarial Services Attorney registration 576\/2566<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Languages<\/td><td>English, Thai and French<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>First reply<\/td><td>Within 24 to 48 hours<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Consultation<\/td><td>2,000 THB per hour by video or phone, paid in advance. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/book-consultation\/\">Book a consultation<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fees<\/td><td>Fixed and published before you call. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/pricing\/\">See all fees<\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Payment from abroad<\/td><td>PayPal, SWIFT transfer to Kasikorn Bank, or Wise<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Apostille<\/td><td>Accepted in Thailand from 28 February 2027; until then, Thai embassy legalisation<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"can-you-trust-a-thai-lawyer-you-have-never-met\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Can you trust a Thai lawyer you have never met?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trust comes from facts you can check before you send money, not from a handshake. Before you instruct any Thai firm, remote or not, check four things:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>A licensed Thai lawyer.<\/strong> Under the Lawyers Act B.E. 2528 only Thai nationals can be licensed by the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/lawyers-council-of-thailand\/\">Lawyers Council of Thailand<\/a>. Ask for the name and licence number of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/licensed-thai-lawyer\/\">licensed Thai lawyer<\/a> who will handle your matter. A foreigner may manage a firm and explain the law, but cannot appear in a Thai court or sign a Thai legal opinion.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A registered company.<\/strong> A real firm has a company registration number with the Department of Business Development that it can give you in writing.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Published fees.<\/strong> If a firm will not state its fee before a call, you have no benchmark for what follows.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>A written engagement.<\/strong> The scope and the fee should be agreed in writing before any work starts.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">ThaiLawOnline meets all four. Our lawyer of record is Khun Wichuda Atthamethakon, LL.M., Thai Bar Licence No. 3149\/2556 and Notarial Services Attorney (registration 576\/2566). The firm is ThaiLaw Online Co., Ltd., company registration number 0305557004821. Our fixed fees are on the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/pricing\/\">pricing page<\/a>, and an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/engagement-terms\/\">engagement letter<\/a> is signed before work begins.<\/p>\n\n\n<style data-noptimize=\"1\">.tlo-lb{border:2px solid #1E3455;background:#fff;margin:28px 0;font-size:16px;line-height:1.55;color:#1b1b1b}.tlo-lb h2.tlo-lb-h{background:#1E3455;color:#fff;font-size:19px;line-height:1.3;margin:0;padding:12px 16px}.tlo-lb-tabs{position:relative;padding-top:44px;background:#fff}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:absolute;top:0;width:33.334%;height:44px;line-height:44px;text-align:center;font-weight:700;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;background:#eef0f4;color:#1E3455;box-sizing:border-box;border-bottom:3px solid #1E3455}.tlo-lb-tab>summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(1)>summary{left:0}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(2)>summary{left:33.333%}.tlo-lb-tab:nth-of-type(3)>summary{left:66.666%}.tlo-lb-tab[open]>summary{background:#fff;border-bottom-color:#FECB01}.tlo-lb summary:focus-visible,.tlo-lb a:focus-visible{outline:3px solid #FECB01;outline-offset:-3px}.tlo-lb-sec{padding:14px 16px;border-bottom:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-sec h3{font-size:17px;line-height:1.35;margin:0 0 4px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-sec h3 small{font-weight:400;color:#555;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-sec p{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-text{white-space:pre-line;border-left:3px solid #FECB01;padding-left:12px;margin:0 0 6px}.tlo-lb-note{font-size:13px;color:#555;font-style:italic}.tlo-lb-badge{display:inline-block;background:#FECB01;color:#1E3455;font-size:12px;font-weight:700;padding:1px 7px;margin-left:6px}.tlo-lb-fold{margin:0 0 8px}.tlo-lb-fold>summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}.tlo-lb-links a{margin-right:14px;font-size:14px}.tlo-lb-cases,.tlo-lb-src{padding:14px 16px;background:#f6f7f9;border-top:1px solid #dfe2e8}.tlo-lb-cases h3,.tlo-lb-src h3{font-size:15px;margin:0 0 6px;color:#1E3455}.tlo-lb-cases ul,.tlo-lb-src ul{margin:0;padding:0 0 0 18px;font-size:14px}.tlo-al{font-size:14px;line-height:1.5;color:#444;margin:0 0 18px}.tlo-al details{margin-top:4px}.tlo-al summary{cursor:pointer;color:#1E3455}.tlo-al ul{margin:6px 0 0 18px;padding:0}@media print{.tlo-lb{border:1px solid #000}.tlo-lb-tabs{padding-top:0}.tlo-lb-tab>summary{position:static;width:auto;height:auto;line-height:1.4;text-align:left;background:none;border:0}.tlo-lb details::details-content{content-visibility:visible;display:block}.tlo-lb-links a{color:#000}}<\/style><script data-noptimize=\"1\" data-no-optimize=\"1\">document.addEventListener(\"DOMContentLoaded\",function(){(function(){var b=document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb-tabs\");b.forEach(function(g){var t=g.querySelectorAll(\":scope>details\");t.forEach(function(d){d.firstElementChild.addEventListener(\"click\",function(e){if(d.open){e.preventDefault()}})})});var s=[];addEventListener(\"beforeprint\",function(){s=[];document.querySelectorAll(\".tlo-lb details\").forEach(function(d){s.push([d,d.open,d.getAttribute(\"name\")]);d.removeAttribute(\"name\");d.open=true})});addEventListener(\"afterprint\",function(){s.forEach(function(x){x[0].open=x[1];if(x[2]){x[0].setAttribute(\"name\",x[2])}})})})();});<\/script><section class=\"tlo-lb notranslate\" data-no-translation data-no-dynamic-translation translate=\"no\" aria-label=\"\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\"><h2 class=\"tlo-lb-h\">\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/h2><div class=\"tlo-lb-tabs\"><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"en\" data-no-translation><summary>English<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 33 <small>Lawyers Act B.E. 2528<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A person who is not registered and licensed, or who has ceased to be a lawyer or is prohibited from practising as a lawyer, shall not plead a case in court, or draft a plaint, answer, appeal, reply to an appeal, appeal to the Supreme Court, reply to an appeal to the Supreme Court, motion or statement relating to the trial of a case in court for another person, except where this is done in the capacity of a government official performing official duties, or of an officer of a state agency, state organisation or state enterprise who is performing duties or has the power and duty to do so under the law on procedure or another law.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 35 <small>Lawyers Act B.E. 2528<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">An applicant for registration and a licence must have the following qualifications: (1) being of Thai nationality; (2) being not less than 20 full years of age on the date of filing the application for registration and a licence; (3) having graduated with a bachelor&#039;s degree or associate degree in law, or holding a certificate in law comparable to not less than a bachelor&#039;s degree or associate degree, from an educational institution which the Lawyers Council considers to have an educational standard such that a holder of the bachelor&#039;s degree, associate degree or certificate is fit to be a lawyer, and being a member of the Thai Bar; (4) not being a person whose conduct is disreputable or deficient in good morals, and not having done any act showing that the person cannot be trusted in honesty and integrity; (5) not currently serving a term of imprisonment under a final judgment of imprisonment; (6) never having been sentenced to imprisonment by a final judgment in a case which the Committee considers would bring disgrace to the honour of the profession; (7) not being a person adjudged bankrupt by a final judgment; (8) not suffering from a communicable disease repugnant to society; (9) not having a physical disability or mental deficiency that renders the person deficient in capacity to practise the profession of a lawyer; (10) not being a government official or local government employee with a salary and a permanent position, except a political official; (11) not being a person prohibited from filing an application for registration and a licence under section 71.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 798<\/h3><p>Power of attorney, form.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Where the law requires an act to be made in writing, the appointment of an agent for that act must also be made in writing.\n Where the law requires an act to be evidenced in writing, the appointment of an agent for that act must also be evidenced in writing.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-798\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 801<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">If an agent has been given general authority, the agent may do any act of management on behalf of the principal. But the agent may not do the following acts: (1) sell or mortgage immovable property; (2) let immovable property for more than three years; (3) make a gift; (4) make a compromise; (5) bring an action in court; (6) submit a dispute to arbitration.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-801\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 797<\/h3><p>Agency is a contract by which one person (the agent) has authority to act on behalf of another (the principal) and agrees to do so. Agency may be express or implied.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">Agency is a contract whereby one person, called the agent, has authority to act on behalf of another person, called the principal, and agrees so to act.\n Agency may be created by express or implied appointment.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-797\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1656<\/h3><p>An ordinary written will must be made in writing, dated at the time it is made, and signed by the testator before at least two witnesses present at the same time, who must then and there sign to certify the testator&#039;s signature. An erasure, addition or other alteration is valid only if made in the same form.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A will may be made in the following form, namely: it must be made in writing and dated at the time of its making, and the testator must sign it before at least two witnesses present at the same time, who must then and there sign their names certifying the signature of the testator.\n No erasure, omission, addition or other alteration to such a will is valid unless it is made in the same form as is required by this section for the making of the will.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1656\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1653<\/h3><p>A person who writes a will, or who witnesses it, cannot take a benefit under that will, and the same bar applies to that person&#039;s spouse. Where a will is made orally under Section 1663, the competent official who records what the witnesses declare counts as the writer for this purpose. This is the rule most often overlooked when a family member writes out or witnesses a will: doing so defeats the gift intended for them or for their spouse.<\/p><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">The writer of a will, or a witness to it, cannot be a beneficiary under that will.\n The preceding paragraph applies equally to the spouse of the writer of, or a witness to, the will.\n The competent official who records the terms of a will notified to him by witnesses under Section 1663 is deemed to be the writer of the will for the purposes of this Section.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1653\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Section 1466<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>Full text<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">A prenuptial agreement is void unless either: (a) the terms agreed as the prenuptial agreement are entered in the marriage register at the time the marriage is registered; or (b) it is made in writing, signed by the spouses and by at least two witnesses, and annexed to the marriage register, and an entry stating that the agreement is annexed is made in the marriage register at the time the marriage is registered.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">ThaiLawOnline translation<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1466\/\">Our annotated section<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Official text<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"th\" data-no-translation open><summary>\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 33 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2528<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\" open><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 \u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 \u0e04\u0e33\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e33\u0e41\u0e16\u0e25\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19  \u0e17\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e43\u0e19\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e27\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10 \u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e10\u0e27\u0e34\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08 \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 35 <small>\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e30\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21 \u0e1e.\u0e28. 2528<\/small><\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\n(\u0e51) \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\n(\u0e52) \u0e2d\u0e32\u0e22\u0e38\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e48\u0e33\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e22\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\n(\u0e53) \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e28\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e23\u0e30\u0e14\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e28\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e23\u0e4c \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e17\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e15\u0e48\u0e33\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e28\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e16\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e28\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e28\u0e36\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e19\u0e35\u0e22\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e23\u0e04\u0e27\u0e23\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e34\u0e01\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e19\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e13\u0e11\u0e34\u0e15\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\n(\u0e54) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e24\u0e15\u0e34\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e28\u0e35\u0e25\u0e18\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e14\u0e35\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e43\u0e14\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e27\u0e32\u0e07\u0e43\u0e08\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e0b\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e15\n(\u0e55) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\n(\u0e56) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e04\u0e22\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e17\u0e29\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e08\u0e33\u0e04\u0e38\u0e01\u0e43\u0e19\u0e04\u0e14\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e40\u0e2a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e22\u0e23\u0e15\u0e34\u0e28\u0e31\u0e01\u0e14\u0e34\u0e4c\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e27\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e1e\n(\u0e57) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e25\u0e49\u0e21\u0e25\u0e30\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\n(\u0e58) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e23\u0e04\u0e15\u0e34\u0e14\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e31\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e22\u0e08\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e21\n(\u0e59) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e34\u0e15\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e23\u0e16\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e35\u0e1e\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n(\u0e51\u0e50) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e19\u0e17\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e16\u0e34\u0e48\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19\u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e33\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e33\u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e07\n(\u0e51\u0e51) \u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e34\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e33\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e43\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e57\u0e51<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 798<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e14\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1e\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e01\u0e47\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-798\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 801<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e44\u0e1b \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e43\u0e14 \u0e46 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e47\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e38\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\n\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e17\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e32\u0e08\u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\n(\u0e51) \u0e02\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e08\u0e33\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\n(\u0e52) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e40\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e1b\n(\u0e53) \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\n(\u0e54) \u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e35\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\n(\u0e55) \u0e22\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\n(\u0e56) \u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e17\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e38\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e42\u0e15\u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e08\u0e32\u0e23\u0e13\u0e32<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-801\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 797<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e21\u0e35\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e04\u0e04\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e35\u0e01\u0e04\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e2d\u0e31\u0e19\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e41\u0e17\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e2a\u0e14\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e14\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e34\u0e22\u0e32\u0e22\u0e01\u0e47\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e10\u0e32\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e42\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e14\u0e15\u0e23\u0e27\u0e08\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23 (Thai text from our annotated code. Check it against the official text.)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-797\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1656<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e30\u0e17\u0e33\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e31\u0e07\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e01\u0e47\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e27\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e07\u0e27\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e40\u0e14\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19 \u0e1b\u0e35 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e15\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e02\u0e13\u0e30\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\n\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e02\u0e39\u0e14\u0e25\u0e1a \u0e15\u0e01 \u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e21 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e01\u0e49\u0e44\u0e02\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e19\u0e41\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e37\u0e48\u0e19\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e22\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e1a\u0e39\u0e23\u0e13\u0e4c \u0e40\u0e27\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e08\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e1b\u0e0f\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e35\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1656\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1653<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e08\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e43\u0e0a\u0e49\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e31\u0e15\u0e34\u0e43\u0e19\u0e27\u0e23\u0e23\u0e04\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22 \u0e1e\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e19\u0e33\u0e21\u0e32\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 \u0e51\u0e56\u0e56\u0e53 \u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e16\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e19\u0e31\u0e22\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1653\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32 1466<\/h3><details class=\"tlo-lb-fold\"><summary>\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e40\u0e15\u0e47\u0e21<\/summary><p class=\"tlo-lb-text\">\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e42\u0e21\u0e06\u0e30 \u0e16\u0e49\u0e32\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e41\u0e08\u0e49\u0e07\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e15\u0e01\u0e25\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e34\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e17\u0e33\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e25\u0e07\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e21\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e0a\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e39\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e19\u0e41\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e14\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49\u0e43\u0e19\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e14\u0e17\u0e30\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e41\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e27\u0e49<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e15\u0e32\u0e21\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e0a\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e19\u0e38\u0e40\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32 \/ \u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e04\u0e13\u0e30\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e01\u0e24\u0e29\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32 (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette \/ Office of the Council of State)<\/p><\/details><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1466\/\">\u0e21\u0e32\u0e15\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e40\u0e2b\u0e15\u0e38\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><details class=\"tlo-lb-tab\" name=\"tlo-lb-1\" lang=\"fr\" data-no-translation><summary>Fran\u00e7ais<\/summary><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 33 <small>Lawyers Act B.E. 2528<\/small><\/h3><p>Sans inscription ni licence, ou apr\u00e8s cessation ou interdiction d&#039;exercice, nul ne peut plaider ni r\u00e9diger pour autrui des actes de proc\u00e9dure, sauf fonctionnaire ou agent d&#039;un organisme ou d&#039;une entreprise d&#039;\u00c9tat agissant dans ses fonctions ou habilit\u00e9 par la loi.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 35 <small>Lawyers Act B.E. 2528<\/small><\/h3><p>Onze conditions : nationalit\u00e9 tha\u00efe, 20 ans r\u00e9volus, dipl\u00f4me de droit reconnu et qualit\u00e9 de membre du Thai Bar, moralit\u00e9 et honn\u00eatet\u00e9, absence de peine d&#039;emprisonnement disqualifiante, de faillite, de maladie contagieuse r\u00e9prouv\u00e9e, d&#039;incapacit\u00e9 professionnelle, de fonction publique salari\u00e9e (sauf politique) et d&#039;interdiction selon l&#039;article 71.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 798<\/h3><p>Si la loi exige un \u00e9crit pour un acte, le mandat pour cet acte doit \u00eatre \u00e9crit; si elle exige une preuve \u00e9crite, le mandat doit aussi \u00eatre prouv\u00e9 par \u00e9crit.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-798\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 801<\/h3><p>Le mandataire investi d&#039;un pouvoir g\u00e9n\u00e9ral peut accomplir tout acte de gestion pour le compte du mandant.\nToutefois, il ne peut accomplir les actes suivants :\n(1) vendre ou hypoth\u00e9quer un immeuble ;\n(2) donner un immeuble \u00e0 bail pour plus de trois ans ;\n(3) faire une donation ;\n(4) transiger ;\n(5) intenter une action en justice ;\n(6) soumettre un litige \u00e0 l&#039;arbitrage.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-801\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 797<\/h3><p>Le mandat est le contrat donnant \u00e0 une personne, le mandataire, le pouvoir d&#039;agir pour une autre, le mandant, et par lequel elle accepte d&#039;agir ainsi. Il peut \u00eatre expr\u00e8s ou tacite.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-797\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1656<\/h3><p>Le testament peut \u00eatre fait dans la forme suivante, \u00e0 savoir : il doit \u00eatre fait par \u00e9crit et dat\u00e9 du jour, du mois et de l&#039;ann\u00e9e au moment de sa confection, et le testateur doit le signer devant au moins deux t\u00e9moins pr\u00e9sents simultan\u00e9ment, lesquels doivent alors, au m\u00eame moment, apposer leur signature pour attester la signature du testateur.\n\nTout grattage, omission, ajout ou autre modification apport\u00e9 \u00e0 ce testament est sans effet, \u00e0 moins d&#039;avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 fait dans la m\u00eame forme que celle prescrite par le pr\u00e9sent article pour la confection du testament.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1656\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1653<\/h3><p>Le r\u00e9dacteur ou un t\u00e9moin du testament, ainsi que leur conjoint, ne peuvent en \u00eatre b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiaires. L&#039;agent qui a consign\u00e9 les dispositions rapport\u00e9es par les t\u00e9moins selon l&#039;article 1663 est r\u00e9put\u00e9 r\u00e9dacteur.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1653\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-sec\"><h3>Article 1466<\/h3><p>Le contrat de mariage est nul, \u00e0 moins que les stipulations convenues \u00e0 titre de contrat de mariage n&#039;aient \u00e9t\u00e9 inscrites au registre des mariages lors de l&#039;enregistrement du mariage, ou qu&#039;il n&#039;ait \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9tabli par \u00e9crit, sign\u00e9 par les \u00e9poux et par au moins deux t\u00e9moins, annex\u00e9 au registre des mariages, et que mention de cette annexe n&#039;ait \u00e9t\u00e9 port\u00e9e au registre des mariages lors de l&#039;enregistrement du mariage.<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-note\">r\u00e9sum\u00e9 non officiel<\/p><p class=\"tlo-lb-links\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/thai-civil-code\/section-1466\/\">Notre article annot\u00e9<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Texte officiel<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/details><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-cases\"><h3>\u0e04\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e34\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e01\u0e29\u0e32\u0e28\u0e32\u0e25\u0e0e\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/1523-2565-foreign-spouse-property\/\">1523\/2565<\/a> (2022): \u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e39\u0e48\u0e01\u0e34\u0e19\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e23\u0e27\u0e21\u0e01\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e19\u0e34\u0e15\u0e34\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e32\u0e07<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/th\/supreme-court-decisions\/6711-2537-prenuptial-immovable-property\/\">6711\/2537<\/a> (1994): \u0e2a\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e0d\u0e32\u0e01\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e21\u0e23\u0e2a\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e23\u0e34\u0e21\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e4c<\/li><\/ul><\/div><div class=\"tlo-lb-src\"><h3>\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e21\u0e32<\/h3><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/K0NmNytMdm8yYU5rT1ZZMUhzRjhpZz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Lawyers Act B.E. 2528<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 2 \u0e1e\u0e24\u0e28\u0e08\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e22\u0e19 2569<\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/searchlaw.ocs.go.th\/council-of-state\/#\/public\/doc\/Qko1NGNVa1FhMG9hTTNGcU9sTGxydz09\" rel=\"noopener\" target=\"_blank\">\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e21\u0e27\u0e25\u0e01\u0e0e\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e32\u0e22\u0e41\u0e1e\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e13\u0e34\u0e0a\u0e22\u0e4c, Office of the Council of State<\/a>, \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 31 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 2569<\/li><li>deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), \u0e40\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e01\u0e14\u0e39\u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d 19 \u0e01\u0e38\u0e21\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e19\u0e18\u0e4c 2569<\/li><\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"hire-a-thai-lawyer-from-abroad-what-can-be-done-remotely\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hire a Thai lawyer from abroad: what can be done remotely<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The table below shows, for our most requested services, what can be done from your home country and what needs an original document or a visit. Fees are the fixed firm fees published on our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/pricing\/\">pricing page<\/a> on 28 September 2026. Government fees (Land Office, embassy, Ministry of Foreign Affairs legalisation, certified translation) are charged at cost, with the official receipt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><th>Service<\/th><th>Firm fee<\/th><th>From abroad?<\/th><th>What needs an original or a visit<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/last-will-in-thailand\/\">Last Will<\/a> (bilingual Thai and English)<\/td><td>3,900 THB; 5,000 THB with a Living Will<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>You sign where you live, in front of two witnesses present at the same time (Civil and Commercial Code, s.1656). A witness cannot be a beneficiary (s.1653).<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/living-will-in-thailand\/\">Living Will<\/a><\/td><td>1,900 THB drafted; 590 THB if you build it online<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Nothing in Thailand. You sign at home following our bilingual signing guide.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/power-of-attorneys-for-thailand\/\">Power of attorney<\/a><\/td><td>3,900 THB<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Signed at a Thai embassy or consulate, or before a notary and then legalised by the Thai embassy. The original is posted to Thailand.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/notary-services-thailand\/\">Notarisation<\/a><\/td><td>950 THB per document<\/td><td>Yes, by video conference<\/td><td>Your signed originals by post; returned by courier or EMS.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/usufruct\/\">Usufruct agreement<\/a><\/td><td>3,900 THB<\/td><td>Drafting, yes<\/td><td>Registration at the Land Office: you attend, or your representative attends with a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/tor-dor-21\/\">Tor Dor 21<\/a> signed by you.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/condo-lawyer-in-thailand\/\">Condominium purchase package<\/a><\/td><td>19,900 THB; 34,900 THB if we attend the transfer<\/td><td>Due diligence and contract review, yes<\/td><td>Transfer at the Land Office: you attend, or you grant an <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/or-chor-21\/\">Or Chor 21<\/a> power of attorney.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/prenuptial-agreement-thailand\/\">Prenuptial agreement<\/a><\/td><td>8,900 THB<\/td><td>Drafting, yes<\/td><td>Signed and registered with the marriage at the district office on the same day (s.1466). Both of you attend.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/divorce-in-thailand\/\">Divorce by mutual consent<\/a><\/td><td>9,900 THB<\/td><td>Agreement, yes<\/td><td>Each spouse signs in person at a district office. A spouse abroad can sign at a Thai registry abroad, but it is slow; a court divorce by consent under a power of attorney is often the better route.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/police-clearance-certificate-thailand\/\">Police Clearance Certificate<\/a><\/td><td>4,400 THB for applicants outside Thailand<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Your originals sent to us; we apply for you under a power of attorney and email you the scan.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/thai-legal-research-service\/\">Legal research report<\/a><\/td><td>4,900 THB<\/td><td>Yes<\/td><td>Nothing.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/online-consultation-with-a-thai-lawyer\/\">Consultation<\/a><\/td><td>2,000 THB per hour<\/td><td>Yes, by video or phone<\/td><td>Nothing.<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Contested divorce, litigation, probate<\/td><td>Quoted after consultation<\/td><td>Largely<\/td><td>The court decides when a party or a witness must attend. We tell you at the start which steps need you.<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"your-first-week-as-a-remote-client\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Your first week as a remote client<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Email us<\/strong> at info@thailawonline.com with a short description of the matter, your country and time zone, and your preferred language (English, Thai or French). WhatsApp on +66 87 225 1340 works too.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>We reply within 24 to 48 hours<\/strong> with the next step: the fixed fee if your matter is a fixed-fee service, or a consultation if it is not.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>For a fixed-fee service<\/strong>, you can <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legal-services\/\">order online<\/a> and follow the matter in your client portal: upload documents against a checklist, read the draft, approve it and sign.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>For anything else<\/strong>, we hold a one-hour video consultation (2,000 THB, paid in advance) on Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams or LINE. A written, itemised quote follows within 48 hours, and the consultation fee is credited against the fee if you go ahead.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>An engagement letter is signed<\/strong> before any work begins. No work starts on a verbal estimate.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">First drafts are usually ready three to five business days after payment and complete information for a will, about five working days for a prenuptial agreement, and five to seven for a usufruct agreement. Review, revision and signing follow on your schedule, not ours.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"signing-thai-documents-outside-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Signing Thai documents outside Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is where remote clients lose the most time. The rule is simple: the office that receives the document decides what it accepts, and a Thai office wants to be able to verify who signed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"power-of-attorney-which-form-and-how-to-sign-it\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Power of attorney: which form, and how to sign it<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/power-of-attorney\/\">power of attorney<\/a> lets a representative act for you in Thailand (Civil and Commercial Code, sections 797 onwards). If the act itself must be in writing, the appointment must be in writing too (section 798). A general power does not cover the sale or mortgage of land or other immovable property, a lease of immovable property for more than three years, a gift, a compromise, filing a lawsuit or referring a dispute to arbitration: those need express authority (section 801). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Each office also has its own form: the Tor Dor 21 for land and houses, the Or Chor 21 for condominium units, the court&#8217;s own appointment form for litigation, and in-house forms at banks and immigration. A generic power of attorney drafted in your home country is usually refused by a Land Office.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you sign outside Thailand, there are two accepted routes:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sign at a Thai embassy or consulate, which certifies your signature.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sign before a notary public in your country, complete any foreign-ministry or apostille step your country uses, then have the document legalised by the Thai embassy or consulate.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If you live in the United States, the steps take place at <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/notary\/\">a local notary public<\/a> and at the Thai embassy or consulate-general that covers your state. We draft the document, explain it line by line on a video call, and send you written signing instructions for your country before you book the appointment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"legalisation-now-apostille-from-28-february-2027\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Legalisation now, apostille from 28 February 2027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thailand deposited its accession to the Hague <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/apostille\/\">Apostille<\/a> Convention on 30 June 2026. The Convention enters into force for Thailand on 28 February 2027, and then only with member states that did not object by 30 December 2026. Until that date an apostille on its own is not accepted in Thailand. A foreign document still needs <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/glossary\/legalization-of-documents\/\">legalisation<\/a> by the Thai embassy or consulate, a certified Thai translation, and legalisation at the Department of Consular Affairs in Bangkok (200 THB per stamp, or 400 THB for same-day service). Allow about a month for the full chain. From 28 February 2027, a document apostilled in a member state that did not object will need only the apostille and a Thai translation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"originals-scans-and-couriers\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Originals, scans and couriers<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A scan is enough for us to review, draft and advise. It is not enough where the law or the office requires an original: a Land Office power of attorney, a signed will, a notarised document or a court filing. For those, email us a scan first, wait for our confirmation, then send the original by an international courier such as DHL or FedEx and keep the tracking number. Checking the scan first prevents the most common delay: an original that arrives in Bangkok with a blank line or a correction, which a Land Office will refuse. If you prefer, bring the originals on your next trip; we hold the file ready so the remaining step takes one visit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"paying-a-thai-law-firm-from-overseas\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Paying a Thai law firm from overseas<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Fees are in Thai baht. From abroad you can pay through PayPal, by international SWIFT transfer to our Kasikorn Bank account (account name ThaiLaw Online Co., Ltd., SWIFT code KASITHBK), or by Wise, which usually costs less than a bank wire. Fixed-fee services and consultations are paid in advance. Larger matters are invoiced in stages tied to deliverables, with a receipt for every payment. Government fees are passed through at cost, with the official receipt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Being abroad does not change the fee. Remote work costs us nothing extra, so it costs you nothing extra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"when-you-do-need-to-be-in-thailand\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">When you do need to be in Thailand<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A few steps require you in person, or a representative holding the right power of attorney:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Marriage registration, and the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/prenuptial-agreement-thailand\/\">prenuptial agreement<\/a> registered with it (section 1466).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A divorce by mutual consent at the district office, unless you sign at a Thai registry abroad or choose a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/divorce-in-thailand-with-a-foreign-marriage\/\">court divorce with a power of attorney<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A Land Office transfer or registration, unless you sign a Tor Dor 21 or Or Chor 21.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A court hearing where the judge requires you personally, for example to testify. Your Thai lawyer attends everything else.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Some immigration and banking steps, such as a permanent residence interview or opening a Thai bank account.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Everything before and after those steps can be done from home.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"five-mistakes-foreign-clients-make\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Five mistakes foreign clients make<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Sending a home-country power of attorney to a Land Office.<\/strong> Even apostilled, it is usually refused. Use the Tor Dor 21 or Or Chor 21, and until 28 February 2027 add Thai embassy legalisation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Signing a blank Tor Dor 21<\/strong> for a broker, developer or partner to complete later. It hands over real control of the property.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Asking a beneficiary to witness your will.<\/strong> The gift to that witness, or to the witness&#8217;s spouse, is void (section 1653).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Paying someone who cannot give you a Thai licence number.<\/strong> Consultants and agents cannot represent you in a Thai court.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Posting originals before anyone has checked a scan.<\/strong> One correction on a form costs a second courier and weeks.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"who-will-handle-your-file\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Who will handle your file<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Your matter is handled by our Thai lawyers under the supervision of Khun Wichuda Atthamethakon, LL.M., licensed Thai lawyer and Notarial Services Attorney, with the firm since 2013. Documents for Thai courts and government offices are prepared in Thai; you receive bilingual versions where the service includes them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/sebastien-brousseau\/\" rel=\"author\">S\u00e9bastien Brousseau<\/a>, LL.B., the Managing Director, was trained in both civil law and common law at the Universit\u00e9 de Montr\u00e9al and has lived in Thailand since 2004. As a foreign national he does not practise Thai law: he manages the firm and explains Thai outcomes, in English or French, to clients who grew up with common law assumptions. That translation between legal cultures is often what a foreign client needs most. Thailand is a civil law country: a contract is read against the Civil and Commercial Code rather than a body of precedent, and many things settled by a lawyer&#8217;s letter at home are settled here by a registration at a government office. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/our-team\/\">Meet the team<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"frequently-asked-questions\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Frequently asked questions<\/h2>\n\n\n<div id=\"rank-math-faq\" class=\"rank-math-block\">\n<div class=\"rank-math-list \">\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000001\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I hire a Thai lawyer without travelling to Thailand?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Most legal work for foreigners in Thailand (wills, powers of attorney, usufruct and lease agreements, condominium due diligence, notarisation, police clearance certificates and legal research) can be handled by email and video call. You travel only for steps that require personal attendance, such as marriage registration, or a Land Office transfer when you do not grant a power of attorney.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000002\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I check that a Thai lawyer is licensed?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Ask for the lawyer&#8217;s full name and Thai Bar licence number. Only Thai nationals can be licensed by the Lawyers Council of Thailand under the Lawyers Act B.E. 2528, and notarial acts must be performed by a lawyer registered as a Notarial Services Attorney. A foreign consultant can manage a firm and explain the law but cannot represent you in a Thai court.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000003\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I sign a power of attorney for Thailand in my home country?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. Sign before a notary public and have the signature legalised by the Thai embassy or consulate, or sign directly at the Thai embassy or consulate. For the Land Office, use the prescribed Tor Dor 21 form for land and houses or the Or Chor 21 form for condominium units rather than a generic power of attorney.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000004\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does Thailand accept apostilles?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Not yet on their own. Thailand deposited its accession to the Hague Apostille Convention on 30 June 2026 and the Convention enters into force for Thailand on 28 February 2027, only with member states that did not object. Until then, a foreign document needs Thai embassy legalisation, a certified Thai translation and legalisation at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Bangkok.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000005\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Is a scanned signature enough for a Thai law firm?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>For review, drafting and correspondence, yes. For a Land Office power of attorney, a signed will, a notarised document or a court filing, the original is required and must reach Thailand. Email a scan first so it can be checked before you post the original.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000006\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How do I pay a Thai law firm from overseas?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>ThaiLawOnline accepts PayPal, international SWIFT transfers to Kasikorn Bank, and Wise. Fees are in Thai baht, fixed-fee services and consultations are paid in advance, and government fees are charged at cost with the official receipt.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000007\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Does using a Thai lawyer remotely cost more?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>No. ThaiLawOnline&#8217;s published fixed fees are the same for clients in Thailand and abroad. The only extra costs are ones you would pay anyway: courier charges, embassy fees and certified translations.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000008\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I make a Thai will while living abroad?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Yes. A Thai will is valid if it is in writing, dated, and signed by you in front of two witnesses who are present at the same time and sign it then and there (Civil and Commercial Code, section 1656). It can be signed in your home country. A witness, or a witness&#8217;s spouse, cannot benefit under the will (section 1653). A bilingual Last Will from ThaiLawOnline is 3,900 THB.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000009\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">Can I get divorced in Thailand without travelling?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>Often, yes. In a divorce by mutual consent at the district office each spouse signs in person, although a spouse abroad can sign at a Thai registry abroad. When that is impractical, a court divorce by consent can be filed by a Thai lawyer acting under a notarised and legalised power of attorney.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"faq-question-1790640000010\" class=\"rank-math-list-item\">\n<h3 class=\"rank-math-question \">How quickly will a Thai law firm answer me?<\/h3>\n<div class=\"rank-math-answer \">\n\n<p>ThaiLawOnline replies to new enquiries within 24 to 48 hours, and a written quote for matters that are not fixed-fee follows within 48 hours of the consultation. Consultations are held by video on Zoom, Google Meet, Microsoft Teams or LINE.<\/p>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 id=\"start-your-matter-from-home\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Start your matter from home<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Email <a href=\"mailto:info@thailawonline.com\">info@thailawonline.com<\/a>, or call or WhatsApp +66 87 225 1340 (English and French) or +66 87 414 9288 (Thai and English). LINE: @852pntmy. Tell us your situation, your country and time zone, and your preferred language. If you already know what you need, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/legal-services\/\">order a fixed-fee service online<\/a>; if not, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/book-consultation\/\">book a consultation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<aside class=\"tlo-trust-author\" aria-label=\"\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e40\u0e02\u0e35\u0e22\u0e19\">\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__person\">\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__photo\">\n                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-author__initials\" aria-hidden=\"true\">SB<\/span>                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__body\">\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__name\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thailawonline.com\/our-team\/\">S\u00e9bastien Brousseau<\/a><\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__cred\">LL.B., B.Sc.<\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__bio\">Editor of ThaiLawOnline, working in Thai law since 2006. Writes for foreign residents and investors on property, family, immigration, estate and business matters.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                            <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__person\">\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__photo\">\n                        <span class=\"tlo-trust-author__initials\" aria-hidden=\"true\">WA<\/span>                    <\/div>\n                    <div class=\"tlo-trust-author__body\">\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__name\">Wichuda Atthamethakon<\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__cred\">LL.M. \u00b7 Thai Bar License 3149\/2556 \u00b7 Notarial Services Attorney<\/p>\n                        <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__bio\">Thai lawyer of record. Handles court work, Land Office and district-office registration, and notarial services.<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            \n            <p class=\"tlo-trust-author__meta\">\n                                                    <span>\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e38\u0e07\u0e25\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14 \u0e15\u0e38\u0e25\u0e32\u0e04\u0e21 28, 2026<\/span>\n                            <\/p>\n        <\/aside>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>Last reviewed: 28 September 2026. Fees checked against the firm&#8217;s fee source on that date. Civil and Commercial Code sections 797, 798, 801, 1466, 1653 and 1656; apostille dates checked against the Hague Conference announcement of Thailand&#8217;s accession. Land Office, district office and embassy practice varies by office and country and is confirmed for each matter.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0e08\u0e49\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e19\u0e32\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e15\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28: \u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e22\u0e30\u0e44\u0e01\u0e25 \u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e25\u0e07\u0e19\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e08\u0e19\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e01\u0e40\u0e01\u0e13\u0e11\u0e4c\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e15\u0e34\u0e25\u0e15\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e1b\u0e35 2027 \u0e04\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e34\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e27\u0e34\u0e18\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e0a\u0e33\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e07\u0e34\u0e19.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":412,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pmpro_default_level":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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