Reviewed by Wichuda Atthamethakon, LL.M., Thai Bar Licence 3149/2556, for ThaiLawOnline, a Thai law firm acting for foreigners since 2006.
Update log
- 2 November 2026: Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text
Value Added Tax (VAT) is Thailandâs main tax on things people buy. It applies to most goods and services sold in the country. The Revenue Code sets the rate at 10% (section 80), and a Royal Decree has held it at 7% for most of the tax’s life: the rate went up to 10% in 1997 under Royal Decree No. 309, and came back down to 7% on 1 April 1999 under Royal Decree No. 353, where it has stayed since. VAT is an important part of Thailandâs tax system. It impacts both businesses and consumers. Royal Decree No. 807 B.E. 2569, published in the Royal Gazette on 23 August 2026 and in force from 1 October 2026, keeps the 7% rate to 30 September 2027. The decree itself fixes the Revenue Code rate at 6.3%; the local tax collected with it brings the rate charged to 7%.
Last reviewed: 3 September 2026. Revenue Code sections 80, 80/1, 81, 81/1, 81/3, 82, 82/3, 82/13, 82/14, 83, 83/6, 83/8, 84, 85, 85/1, 85/3, 85/4, 85/10, 85/17, 87/3, 89, 89/1, 90, 90/2 and 90/4 were read in Thai on the Revenue Department’s own text of the Code. Royal Decree No. 807 B.E. 2569 (the 7% rate to 30 September 2027), Royal Decree No. 353 B.E. 2542 (the return to 7% in 1999), Royal Decree No. 432 B.E. 2548 (the 1.8 million baht threshold), Ministry of Finance Announcement No. 8 of 18 March 2024 on internet filing and Ministry of Finance Announcement No. 68 of 13 November 2020 on VAT registration through the DBD were each read from the Gazette text. The local-tax component that takes the decree’s 6.3% to the 7% charged is stated as the Revenue Department states it and was not read from its own Act. The exemptions and zero-rated categories are summarised from sections 81 and 80/1; the detailed conditions in the Director-General’s notifications were not read. Processing times, document lists and the work-permit practice described below are practice, not statute, and were not verified against an instrument. Re-read on 4 October 2026: sections 81(1)(āļ), 84 and 84/1 read in Thai on the Revenue Department’s text; the foreign-business row of the table, the refund mechanics and the exempt professions corrected, the work-permit note restated as office practice, and an unsourced 2028 e-invoicing mandate removed.
VAT is a company obligation; for the personal side see our guide to expat tax in Thailand.
VAT Registration in Thailand works by allowing businesses to offset costs. They collect output VAT from customers when selling goods or services. They also pay input VAT on their business purchases. The difference between these amounts shows if a business owes VAT to the government or can get a refund.
Foreign businesses and expatriate entrepreneurs in Thailand need to understand VAT registration and compliance, especially regarding services rendered in Thailand. This knowledge is essential for staying legal and avoiding costly penalties. These penalties can greatly affect business profits.
Table of Contents
Mandatory VAT Registration in Thailand : Requirements
VAT Registration and Filing in Thailand, Quick Reference Table
| Requirement | Details |
|---|---|
| Standard VAT Rate | 7% (the Revenue Code rate is 10% under section 80; Royal Decree No. 807 keeps the reduced rate to 30 September 2027) |
| Mandatory Registration Threshold | Annual revenue over 1.8 million THB |
| Foreign Businesses | Register like any business if trading in Thailand above the threshold. A provider with no presence here registers only for electronic services sold to non-registered Thai customers above 1.8 million baht (section 82/13); for other cross-border services the Thai payer self-assesses on PP.36 (section 83/6) |
| Importers and Exporters | Importers pay VAT to Customs on entry whether registered or not (sections 82/14 and 83/8). Exporters below the threshold are exempt, not zero-rated, and usually register voluntarily under section 81/3 to reclaim input VAT |
| Voluntary Registration | Allowed below the threshold (section 81/3). Leaving again needs the Director-General’s order under section 85/10(3), after a minimum period the Code fixes at not less than two years, and only if turnover stayed below the threshold throughout |
| Required Form | VAT Registration: PP.01 (or PP.01.1 for voluntary); Monthly Filing: PP.30 |
| Filing Deadlines | Paper filing: 15th of following month; E-filing: 23rd of following month |
| Penalties | Late filing: a penalty of twice the VAT due for the month (section 89(2)), a surcharge of 1.5% a month on the unpaid tax capped at the tax itself (section 89/1), and a criminal fine of up to 2,000 baht (section 90) |
| Exemptions | Agriculture, education, healthcare, domestic transport, property rentals, charitable and religious services |
| Zero-Rated Transactions | Exports, services performed in Thailand and used abroad, international transport by aircraft or sea vessel, sales to the UN and embassies, and sales between bonded warehouses or free-zone operators (section 80/1) |
Annual Revenue Threshold
Any person or business doing taxable activities in Thailand must register for VAT. This is required when the value of their taxable sales and services exceeds 1.8 million baht a year, the small-business ceiling fixed by Royal Decree No. 432 B.E. 2548 under section 81/1 (a calendar year for individuals, the accounting period for companies). This threshold applies to both Thai and foreign businesses operating within the Kingdom. You must apply for registration within 30 days of the day the threshold is crossed (section 85/1(1)). This applies no matter when it happens during the tax year.
Foreign Business Requirements
Non-resident businesses fall into three groups. A foreign company that provides electronic services from abroad to customers in Thailand who are not VAT registrants must register and pay VAT on those sales once they exceed 1.8 million baht a year, with no input VAT credit, under section 82/13 as amended in 2021; it files and pays through the Revenue Department’s e-service system by the 23rd of the following month. Where the Thai customer is itself VAT registered, or the service is not electronic, the foreign provider does not register: the Thai payer self-assesses and remits the VAT on form PP.36 under section 83/6. A foreign business that comes into Thailand to sell goods or perform services only occasionally is not required to register either (section 85/3), although the Director-General can allow it to register temporarily.
Importing goods does not by itself require registration. The importer pays VAT to the Customs Department when the goods clear, whether registered or not (sections 82/14 and 83/8), so there is no threshold on the import side: the tax is collected at the border. Exporting is a sale taxed at 0% (section 80/1(1)), but an exporter whose turnover is under 1.8 million baht is exempt rather than zero-rated and cannot reclaim input VAT until it registers voluntarily under section 81/3. In practice most importers and exporters register from the start so that import VAT and other input VAT can be credited.
Work Permit Dependencies
In practice, Employment and Immigration offices usually ask for the company’s VAT registration certificate (PP.20) and recent PP.30 returns when a foreign employee’s work permit or visa extension is filed, even where turnover is below the 1.8 million baht threshold. That is one reason many small foreign-owned companies register voluntarily. It is office practice, not a rule in the Revenue Code, and offices differ on it.
Voluntary Registration Benefits
Businesses operating below the mandatory threshold may choose voluntary VAT registration to claim input VAT credits on business expenses. This option proves particularly advantageous for companies with significant startup costs, imported equipment, or substantial business-to-business transactions with VAT-registered suppliers.
However, voluntary registration requires careful consideration as deregistration proves difficult once established. A voluntary registrant can only leave the system by asking the Director-General to strike it off under section 85/10(3), which requires a continuous registration period set by ministerial regulation that the Code itself says may not be shorter than two years, with turnover below the 1.8 million baht threshold for the whole of that period. A business that was registered because it crossed the threshold can ask to leave only after three consecutive years below it (section 85/10(1)).
The law behind this page
English
Section 85/1 Revenue Code
Full text
An operator selling goods or providing services must file an application for value added tax registration within the following time limits: (1) an operator selling goods or providing services whose business tax base value exceeds the tax base value of a small business prescribed by Royal Decree issued under Section 81/1 shall file the application for value added tax registration within 30 days from: (a) the date on which the business tax base value exceeds the tax base value of a small business, where a Royal Decree prescribing the tax base value of a small business already exists; or (b) the date the Royal Decree comes into force, where a Royal Decree prescribing the tax base value of a small business is newly enacted, or a Royal Decree is amended to prescribe a tax base value of a small business lower than the one previously prescribed; (2) an operator who has notified the Director-General in order to pay value added tax under Section 81/3 shall file the application for value added tax registration within 30 days from the date of notifying the Director-General. Section 85, paragraphs two, three and four, shall apply.
ThaiLawOnline translation
Section 81/1 Revenue Code
Full text
An operator selling goods or providing services subject to value added tax, whose business has a tax base value not exceeding the tax base value of a small business prescribed by Royal Decree, shall be exempt from value added tax. The Royal Decree under paragraph one may not set different small-business tax base values for different types of business, but the tax base value set must not be less than 600,000 baht per year.
ThaiLawOnline translation
Section 80 Revenue Code
Full text
A tax rate of 10.0% shall be used in computing value added tax for the following business activities, except in the cases provided in Section 80/2: (1) sale of goods; (2) provision of services; (3) importation. The tax rate under paragraph one may be reduced by Royal Decree, but the tax rate set must be the same single tax rate for the sale of goods, the provision of services and importation in every case.
ThaiLawOnline translation
Section 82/13 Revenue Code
Full text
Where an operator located outside the Kingdom has come to carry on the sale of goods or the provision of services in the Kingdom temporarily without temporary value added tax registration under Section 85/3, or where an operator has provided a service from abroad and that service has been used in the Kingdom, that operator shall be liable for and shall pay value added tax when the tax liability arises, computed on the tax base under Part 3 and the tax rate under Section 80 or Section 80/1, as the case may be. Paragraph one does not apply to an operator that has provided an electronic service from abroad where that service has been used in the Kingdom by a user who is not a registered operator. In that case, the operator providing the electronic service has the duty to pay value added tax computed on output tax, with no deduction of input tax, and shall file the tax return and pay the tax under Section 83. Where an operator under paragraph two has provided an electronic service through an electronic platform, by a continuous process from the offer of the service, payment for the service and delivery of the service to any other step the Director-General prescribes by notification, the electronic platform operator has the duty to pay value added tax on behalf of all the operators providing the electronic service together, without separating the details of the service for each operator, and the electronic platform operator has the same duties and liabilities as an operator.
ThaiLawOnline translation
Section 83 Revenue Code
Full text
Subject to Section 83/1, a registered operator shall file a tax return on the form determined by the Director-General, for each tax month, together with payment of tax if any, whether or not it sold goods or provided services in that tax month. The tax return and payment of tax for any tax month shall be filed and made by the 15th day of the following month, unless the Director-General determines otherwise. The tax return shall be filed and the tax paid at the district office of the locality in which the place of business is located, unless the Director-General determines another place. If a registered operator has several places of business, the tax return shall be filed and the tax paid separately for each place of business, unless the registered operator submits a request to the Director-General for approval to file the tax return and pay the tax together at any one district office or at the place determined by the Director-General under paragraph three. Once approved by the Director-General, this shall be followed from the tax month determined by the Director-General onward. In filing a tax return under paragraph one, if there is a tax credit or tax to be refunded, action shall be taken under Part 8.
ThaiLawOnline translation
Section 89 Revenue Code
Full text
A person liable to pay tax or a person under Section 86/13 shall pay a penalty in the following cases and at the following rates: (1) carrying on business without value added tax registration under Section 85 or Section 85/1, or carrying on business after an order revoking the value added tax registration certificate under Section 85/17: a further penalty of two times the tax payable in the tax month throughout the period of non-compliance with those provisions, or 1,000 baht per tax month, whichever is greater; (2) failing to file a tax return or tax remittance form within the time limit: a further penalty of two times the tax payable or to be remitted in the tax month; (3) filing an incorrect tax return or tax remittance form, or one containing an error, causing the amount of tax payable or to be remitted in the tax month to be misstated: a further penalty of one time the tax paid or remitted in misstatement; (4) filing an incorrect tax return, or one containing an error, causing the amount of output tax or input tax shown in the tax month to be misstated: a further penalty of one time the amount of output tax understated or input tax overstated; (5) failing to prepare a tax invoice and deliver it to the buyer of goods or recipient of services as prescribed in Part 10: a further penalty of two times the amount of tax on the tax invoice; (6) issuing a tax invoice, debit note or credit note without the legal right to issue it under Section 86/13: a further penalty of two times the amount of tax on that tax invoice, debit note or credit note; (7) using a forged tax invoice, whether wholly or partly forged, in computing tax: a further penalty of two times the amount of tax on that tax invoice. A tax invoice in respect of which the beneficiary cannot prove who issued it shall be treated as a forged tax invoice; (8) failing to keep a copy of the tax invoice for output tax as required by law: a further penalty of 2% of the amount of tax on the tax invoice; (9) failing to keep the tax invoice for input tax used as a tax credit in computing tax as required by law: a further penalty of 2% of the amount of tax credited; (10) failing to prepare the reports required by law or other reports determined by the Director-General under Section 87/1, or having goods short against the report of goods and raw materials: a further penalty of two times the tax computed on the tax base for which the report was not prepared or not correctly entered. The penalty under this Section may be waived or reduced under regulations determined by the Director-General with the approval of the Minister.
ThaiLawOnline translation
Section 81/3 Revenue Code
Full text
An operator carrying on any of the following value added tax exempt businesses has the right to notify the Director-General, on the form the Director-General determines, to apply for value added tax registration and pay value added tax under this Chapter, and must compute value added tax under Section 82/3: (1) sale of goods specified in Section 81 (1) (a) to (f); (2) small business under Section 81/1; (3) other businesses prescribed by Royal Decree. Once an operator under paragraph one has registered for value added tax under Section 85/1 (2), that operator may cease paying value added tax only when it has exercised the right to apply for cancellation of value added tax registration under Section 85/10 (3) and the Director-General has ordered the cancellation of the value added tax registration.
ThaiLawOnline translation
Section 80/1 Revenue Code
Full text
A tax rate of 0% shall be used in computing value added tax for the following types of business activity: (1) export of goods, other than export of goods exempt from value added tax under Section 81 (3); (2) services rendered in the Kingdom and used abroad, according to the types, rules, procedures and conditions determined by the Director-General. Services rendered in the Kingdom and used abroad include services rendered in the Kingdom for use in producing goods in a duty-free zone for export, and services rendered in that zone for use in producing goods for export; (3) international transport services by aircraft or sea-going vessel rendered by an operator that is a juristic person; (4) sale of goods or provision of services to a ministry, sub-ministry, department, local government or state enterprise under a loan or grant project from abroad, but only in cases following the rules, procedures and conditions determined by the Director-General with the approval of the Minister; (5) sale of goods or provision of services to: (a) the United Nations, specialised agencies of the United Nations, embassies, legations, consulates-general and consulates; (b) international organisations that Thailand is obliged by agreement to treat on a par with embassies, the United Nations or specialised agencies of the United Nations; (c) foreign economic and trade offices established in Thailand under an agreement between the Thai government and a foreign government, but only sales of goods or provision of services following the rules, procedures and conditions determined by the Director-General; (6) sale of goods or provision of services between bonded warehouses, or between operators carrying on business in a duty-free zone, whether in the same zone or not, or between a bonded warehouse and an operator carrying on business in a duty-free zone, but only sales of goods or provision of services following the rules, procedures and conditions determined by the Director-General. A bonded warehouse under paragraph one means a bonded warehouse under the law on customs.
ThaiLawOnline translation
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āļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē 81/1 āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļĢāļąāļĐāļāļēāļāļĢ
āļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļĄ
āļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļķāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļĒāļđāđāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āļĄāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĄāđāđāļāļīāļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļēāļāļĒāđāļāļĄāļāļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļē āđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļĒāļāđāļ§āđāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄÂ āļāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļēāļāļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļ āļāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļēāļāļĒāđāļāļĄāđāļŦāđāđāļāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļąāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āđāļ āļāđāļĄāđāđāļāđ āđāļāđāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļēāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļ°āļāđāļāļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāļĒāļāļ§āđāļē āđāđāđ,āđāđāđ āļāļēāļāļāđāļāļāļĩ
āļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĄāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļļāđāļāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)
āļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē 80 āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļĢāļąāļĐāļāļēāļāļĢ
āļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļĄ
āđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° āđāđ.āđ āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđ āđāļ§āđāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāļāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļ§āđāđāļāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđ (āđ) āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļē (āđ) āļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ (āđ) āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāđāļāđāļē āļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļ āđāļŦāđāļĨāļāļĨāļāđāļāđāđāļāļĒāļāļĢāļēāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļēāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļāļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāđāļāđāļēāļāļļāļāļāļĢāļāļĩ
āļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĄāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļļāđāļāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)
āļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē 82/13 āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļĢāļąāļĐāļāļēāļāļĢ
āļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļĄ
āđāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļĒāļđāđāļāļāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāđāļāđāļēāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāđāļ§āļāļĢāļēāļ§ āđāļāļĒāđāļĄāđāđāļāđāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļąāđāļ§āļāļĢāļēāļ§āļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāđāļāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢ āđāļŦāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļĢāļ°āļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāđāļĄāļ·āđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļīāļāđāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļāļīāļāļāļķāđāļāđāļāļĒāđāļŦāđāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāļŠāđāļ§āļ āđ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđ āđāļĨāđāļ§āđāļāđāļāļĢāļāļĩ āļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļāļĄāļīāđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļāļīāđāļĨāđāļāļāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļŠāđāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāđāļāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāđāļāļĒāļāļđāđāđāļāđāļāļķāđāļāļĄāļīāđāļāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļ āđāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļ§āđāļēāļāļĩāđ āđāļŦāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļāļīāđāļĨāđāļāļāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļŠāđāļāļąāđāļāļĄāļĩāļŦāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāđāļāļĒāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļāļēāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĒ āđāļāļĒāđāļĄāđāđāļŦāđāļŦāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļ·āđāļ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđ āđāļŦāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļĢāļ°āļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ āđāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļŠāļāļ āđāļāđāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļāļīāđāļĨāđāļāļāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļŠāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļīāđāļĨāđāļāļāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļŠāđāđāļāļĨāļāļāļāļĢāđāļĄ āđāļāļĒāļĄāļĩāļāļĢāļ°āļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļāđāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļąāđāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāđāļŠāļāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļĢāļ°āļāđāļēāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđāļāļĄāļāļāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļĻāļāļģāļŦāļāļ āđāļŦāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāđāļĨāđāļāļāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļŠāđāđāļāļĨāļāļāļāļĢāđāļĄāļĄāļĩāļŦāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāđāļāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļāļāļīāđāļĨāđāļāļāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļŠāđāļāļļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ āđāļāļĒāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāļāđāļĒāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļĨāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļēāļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļŦāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļīāđāļĨāđāļāļāļĢāļāļāļīāļāļŠāđāđāļāļĨāļāļāļāļĢāđāļĄāļĄāļĩāļŦāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļĨāļ°āļāļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļāļīāļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢ
āļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĄāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļļāđāļāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)
āļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē 83 āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļĢāļąāļĐāļāļēāļāļĢ
āļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļĄ
āļ āļēāļĒāđāļāđāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđ āđāļŦāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļ āđāļāļĒāđāļŦāđāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļāļĢāļēāļĒāđāļāļ·āļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĢāđāļāļĄāļāļąāļāļāļģāļĢāļ°āļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāđāļēāļĄāļĩ āđāļĄāđāļ§āđāļēāļāļ°āđāļāđāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļ·āļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļąāđāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāļēāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļĢāļ°āļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāđāļāļ·āļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļ āđāļŦāđāļĒāļ·āđāļāļ āļēāļĒāđāļāļ§āļąāļāļāļĩāđāļŠāļīāļāļŦāđāļēāļāļāļāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāļąāļāđāļ āđāļ§āđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļ·āđāļ āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļĢāļ°āļ āļēāļĐāļĩ āđāļŦāđāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļĢāļ° āļ āļāļĩāđāļ§āđāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāđāļ āļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāđāļŠāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāđāļāļāļĒāļđāđ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđ āđāļ§āđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļāļāļŠāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļĒāđāļēāļāļāļ·āđāļ āļāđāļēāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļĄāļĩāļŠāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļĨāļēāļĒāđāļŦāđāļ āļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļĢāļ°āļ āļēāļĐāļĩ āđāļŦāđāđāļĒāļāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļĢāļ°āđāļāđāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļŠāļāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđ āđāļ§āđāļāđāļāđāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļ°āļĒāļ·āđāļāļāļģāļĢāđāļāļāļāđāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļāļāļāļļāļĄāļąāļāļīāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļĢāļ°āļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ āļ āļāļĩāđāļ§āđāļēāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāđāļ āļāļāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāđāļŦāđāļāđāļāđāļŦāđāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ āļ āļŠāļāļēāļāļāļĩāđāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļŠāļēāļĄāļāđāđāļāđ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļĄāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļāļļāļĄāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđāļĨāđāļ§ āđāļŦāđāļāļ·āļāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļīāļāļąāđāļāđāļāđāđāļāļ·āļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāđāļāđāļ āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļ āļŦāļēāļāļĄāļĩāđāļāļĢāļāļīāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĄāļĩāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļāļāļāļāļ·āļāđāļŦāđāļāļģāđāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĄāļŠāđāļ§āļ āđ
āļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĄāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļļāđāļāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)
āļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē 89 āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļĢāļąāļĐāļāļēāļāļĢ
āļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļĄ
āđāļŦāđāļāļđāđāļĄāļĩāļŦāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļļāļāļāļĨāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđāđ āđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāđāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĄāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļāļąāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđ (āđ) āļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĄāļīāđāļāđāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļĄāļ·āđāļāļāļđāļāļŠāļąāđāļāđāļāļīāļāļāļāļāđāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđāđ āđāļĨāđāļ§ āđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļŠāļāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāđāļāļīāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāđāļāļ·āļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĨāļāļāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđāļ§āļĨāļēāļāļĩāđāđāļĄāđāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļīāļāļēāļĄāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļąāļāļīāļāļąāļāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļāđāļāđāļāļīāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāđāļāđāļāļ·āļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĨāđāļ§āđāļāđāļāļĒāđāļēāļāđāļāļāļ°āļĄāļēāļāļāļ§āđāļē (āđ) āļĄāļīāđāļāđāļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļāļāļāļģāļŠāđāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļ āļēāļĒāđāļāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļ§āļĨāļēāđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļŠāļāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāđāļāļīāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļģāļŠāđāļāđāļāđāļāļ·āļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ (āđ) āļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļāļāļāļģāļŠāđāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļ§āđāđāļĄāđāļāļđāļāļāđāļāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĄāļĩāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļŦāļāļļāđāļŦāđāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļģāļŠāđāļāđāļāđāļāļ·āļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĨāļēāļāđāļāļĨāļ·āđāļāļāđāļ āđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāđāļāļīāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļāļĨāļēāļāđāļāļĨāļ·āđāļāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļŠāđāļāļāļĨāļēāļāđāļāļĨāļ·āđāļāļ (āđ) āļĒāļ·āđāļāđāļāļāđāļŠāļāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļ§āđāđāļĄāđāļāļđāļāļāđāļāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĄāļĩāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĨāļēāļāļāļąāļāđāļāđāļāđāļŦāļāļļāđāļŦāđāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļāļ·āļāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāđāļŠāļāļāđāļ§āđāļāļĨāļēāļāđāļāļĨāļ·āđāļāļāđāļ āđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĒāļāļĩāđāđāļŠāļāļāđāļ§āđāļāļēāļāđāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļŠāļāļāđāļ§āđāđāļāļīāļāđāļ (āđ) āļĄāļīāđāļāđāļāļąāļāļāļģāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļŠāđāļāļĄāļāļāđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļāļđāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļđāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāļŠāđāļ§āļ āđāđ āđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļŠāļāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ (āđ) āļāļāļāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ āđāļāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļŦāļāļĩāđ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļāļĨāļāļŦāļāļĩāđ āđāļāļĒāđāļĄāđāļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļāļĩāđāļāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđāđ āđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļŠāļāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļŦāļāļĩāđ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļāļĨāļāļŦāļāļĩāđāļāļąāđāļ (āđ) āļāļģāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĨāļāļĄ āđāļĄāđāļ§āđāļēāļāļąāđāļāļŦāļĄāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļēāļāļŠāđāļ§āļāļĄāļēāđāļāđāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļŠāļāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļąāđāļ āđāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāļđāđāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļĒāļāļāđāđāļĄāđāļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļāļāļģāļāļīāļŠāļđāļāļāđāđāļāđāļ§āđāļēāļāļļāļāļāļĨāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļđāđāļāļāļāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ āđāļŦāđāļāļ·āļāļ§āđāļēāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĨāļāļĄ (āđ) āļĄāļīāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāļŠāļģāđāļāļēāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĒāđāļ§āđāļāļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ°āļŠāļāļāļāļāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ (āđ) āļĄāļīāđāļāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļģāļāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļ·āđāļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāđāļāļĢāļāļīāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđāļ§āđāļāļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļģāļŦāļāļ āđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ°āļŠāļāļāļāļāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļĄāļēāđāļāļĢāļāļīāļāļāļąāđāļ (āđāđ) āļĄāļīāđāļāđāļāļģāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļģāļŦāļāļ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļēāļāļāļēāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļąāļāļāļļāļāļīāļāđāļŦāđāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļĩāļāļŠāļāļāđāļāđāļēāļāļāļāđāļāļīāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļķāđāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļāļēāļāļāļēāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļāļĩāđāļĄāļīāđāļāđāļāļģāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĄāļīāđāļāđāļĨāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļĢāļēāļĒāļāļēāļāđāļŦāđāļāļđāļāļāđāļāļ āđāļāļĩāđāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļēāļāļĩāđāļāļēāļāļāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĨāļāļĨāļāđāļāđāļāļēāļĄāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāļĒāļāļāļļāļĄāļąāļāļīāļĢāļąāļāļĄāļāļāļĢāļĩ
āļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĄāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļļāđāļāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)
āļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē 81/3 āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļĢāļąāļĐāļāļēāļāļĢ
āļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļĄ
āļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļķāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļĒāļāđāļ§āđāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļąāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđ āļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāļāļāļīāđāļāđāļāļāđāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāļ·āđāļāļāļāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļēāļĄāļŦāļĄāļ§āļāļāļĩāđāđāļāđ āđāļāļĒāļāđāļāļāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđ (āđ) āļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļĢāļ°āļāļļāđāļ§āđāđāļāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ (āđ) (āļ) āļāļķāļ (āļ) (āđ) āļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļēāļāļĒāđāļāļĄāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđ (āđ) āļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļ·āđāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļĩāđāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļē āđāļĄāļ·āđāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļ āđāļāđāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđ (āđ) āđāļĨāđāļ§ āļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āļāļ°āđāļĨāļīāļāđāļŠāļĩāļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāđāļāđāļāđāļāđāļĄāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāđāļāđāļŠāļīāļāļāļīāļāļāļāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ/āđāđ (āđ) āđāļĨāļ°āļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāđāļāđāļŠāļąāđāļāļāļāļāļāļ°āđāļāļĩāļĒāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāđāļĨāđāļ§
āļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĄāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļļāđāļāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)
āļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē 80/1 āļāļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļĢāļąāļĐāļāļēāļāļĢ
āļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāđāļĄ
āđāļŦāđāđāļāđāļāļąāļāļĢāļēāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĢāđāļāļĒāļĨāļ° āđ āđāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļ§āļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āđāļ āļāļāđāļēāļ āđ āļāļąāļāļāđāļāđāļāļāļĩāđ (āđ) āļāļēāļĢāļŠāđāļāļāļāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļĩāđāļĄāļīāđāļāđāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđāļāļāļāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļķāđāļāđāļāđāļĢāļąāļāļĒāļāđāļ§āđāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļāđāļēāđāļāļīāđāļĄāļāļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļāļĢāļē āđāđ (āđ) (āđ) āļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļģāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāđāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻ āļāļēāļĄāļāļĢāļ°āđāļ āļ āļŦāļĨāļąāļāđāļāļāļāđ āļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļ āļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļģāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āđāļāđāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāđāļāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāđāļāđāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻ āđāļŦāđāļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļķāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļģāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļāļēāļāļąāļāļĢāđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļāļĨāļīāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāđāļāđāļāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļĢāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāđāļāļāļāļ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļģāđāļāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļĨāđāļēāļ§āđāļāļ·āđāļāđāļāđāļāļĨāļīāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāđāļāļ·āđāļāļŠāđāļāļāļāļāļāđāļ§āļĒ (āđ)  āļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļāļŠāđāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒāļāļēāļāļēāļĻāļĒāļēāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļĢāļ·āļāđāļāļīāļāļāļ°āđāļĨāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļģāđāļāļĒāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāļāļīāļāļīāļāļļāļāļāļĨ (āđ) āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļĢāļ°āļāļĢāļ§āļ āļāļāļ§āļ āļāļĢāļĄ āļĢāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđāļ§āļāļāđāļāļāļāļīāđāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĢāļąāļāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļŦāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĢāđāļāļīāļāļāļđāđāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļāļīāļāļāđāļ§āļĒāđāļŦāļĨāļ·āļāļāļēāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđ āđāļāļāļēāļ°āļāļĢāļāļĩāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļāđāļāļāļāđ āļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļāđāļāļĒāļāļāļļāļĄāļąāļāļīāļĢāļąāļāļĄāļāļāļĢāļĩ (āđ)  āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāđāļāđ (āļ) āļāļāļāđāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļŦāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļāļēāļāļī āļāļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļąāļāļāļīāđāļĻāļĐāļāļāļāļŠāļŦāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļāļēāļāļī āļŠāļāļēāļāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļĢāļēāļāļāļđāļ āļŠāļāļēāļāļāļđāļ āļŠāļāļēāļāļāļāļŠāļļāļĨāđāļŦāļāđ āļŠāļāļēāļāļāļāļŠāļļāļĨ (āļ) āļāļāļāđāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒāļĄāļĩāļāļąāļāļāļāļĢāļāļĩāļāļēāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļĨāļāļāļĩāđāļāļ°āļāđāļāļāļāļāļīāļāļąāļāļīāđāļāđāļēāđāļāļĩāļĒāļĄāļāļąāļāļŠāļāļēāļāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļĢāļĢāļēāļāļāļđāļ āļāļāļāđāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļŦāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļāļēāļāļīāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļāļ§āļāļāļēāļĢāļāļģāļāļąāļāļāļīāđāļĻāļĐāļāļāļāļŠāļŦāļāļĢāļ°āļāļēāļāļēāļāļī (āļ) āļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāđāļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļāđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāđāļēāļāļāļāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāļāļĩāđāļāļąāļāļāļąāđāļāļāļķāđāļāđāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻāđāļāļĒāļāļēāļĄāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļāļĨāļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĨāđāļāļĒāļāļąāļāļĢāļąāļāļāļēāļĨāļāđāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āđāļāļĻ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđ āđāļāļāļēāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļāđāļāļāļāđ āļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļ (āđ) āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļąāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĒāļđāđāđāļāđāļāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļĢ āđāļĄāđāļ§āđāļēāļāļ°āļāļĒāļđāđāđāļāđāļāļāđāļāļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāđāļĄāđ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđāļēāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļāļāļąāļāļāļđāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāļāļĢāļ°āļāļāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļāļĒāļđāđāđāļāđāļāļāļāļĨāļāļāļāļēāļāļĢ āļāļąāđāļāļāļĩāđ āđāļāļāļēāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļāļāļēāļĢāđāļŦāđāļāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļāļĩāđāđāļāđāļāđāļāļāļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļāđāļāļāļāđ āļ§āļīāļāļĩāļāļēāļĢ āđāļĨāļ°āđāļāļ·āđāļāļāđāļāļāļĩāđāļāļāļīāļāļāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļāļ āļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļāļŦāļāļķāđāļ āđāļŦāđāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļ§āļēāļĄāļāļķāļāļāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļāļāđāļēāļāļąāļāļāđāļāļāļāļēāļĄāļāļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ§āđāļēāļāđāļ§āļĒāļĻāļļāļĨāļāļēāļāļĢ
āļāļĢāļāļāļēāļĄāļāđāļāļāļ§āļēāļĄāđāļāļĢāļēāļāļāļīāļāļāļēāļāļļāđāļāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļāļąāļāļāļēāļāļāļāļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)
Français
Article 85/1 Revenue Code
L'exploitant doit demander l'enregistrement à la TVA dans les 30 jours du dÃĐpassement du seuil des petites entreprises, de l'entrÃĐe en vigueur du dÃĐcret crÃĐant ou abaissant ce seuil, ou, en cas d'option de l'article 81/3, de la notification au directeur gÃĐnÃĐral.
rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel
Article 81/1 Revenue Code
L'exploitant dont la base d'imposition ne dÃĐpasse pas le seuil des petites entreprises fixÃĐ par dÃĐcret royal est exonÃĐrÃĐ de TVA ; ce seuil, identique pour tous les types d'activitÃĐ, ne peut Être infÃĐrieur à 600 000 bahts par an.
rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel
Article 80 Revenue Code
Le taux de TVA est de 10,0 % sur les ventes de biens, services et importations, sauf article 80/2 ; il peut Être abaissÃĐ par dÃĐcret royal, à condition de rester unique pour toutes ces opÃĐrations.
rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel
Article 82/13 Revenue Code
L'exploitant ÃĐtranger opÃĐrant temporairement sans enregistrement, ou fournissant depuis l'ÃĐtranger un service utilisÃĐ en ThaÃŊlande, paie la TVA à l'exigibilitÃĐ ; pour les services ÃĐlectroniques aux non-enregistrÃĐs, le fournisseur la paie sur la taxe collectÃĐe sans dÃĐduction, ou la plateforme à sa place.
rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel
Article 83 Revenue Code
L'exploitant enregistrÃĐ dÃĐpose chaque mois sa dÃĐclaration et paie la taxe ÃĐventuelle, mÊme sans activitÃĐ, au plus tard le 15 du mois suivant, au bureau de district de l'ÃĐtablissement, sauf dÃĐcision contraire du directeur gÃĐnÃĐral ; chaque ÃĐtablissement dÃĐclare sÃĐparÃĐment, sauf dÃĐpÃīt groupÃĐ approuvÃĐ.
rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel
Article 89 Revenue Code
PÃĐnalitÃĐs de TVA : notamment deux fois la taxe pour activitÃĐ sans enregistrement (1 000 bahts par mois au minimum), dÃĐfaut de dÃĐclaration, dÃĐfaut de facture, facture indue ou fausse ; une fois la taxe pour dÃĐclaration erronÃĐe ; 2 % pour dÃĐfaut de conservation des factures.
rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel
Article 81/3 Revenue Code
L'exploitant exonÃĐrÃĐ pour les ventes de l'article 81 (1) (a) à (f), petite entreprise ou autre activitÃĐ fixÃĐe par dÃĐcret peut opter pour la TVA, calculÃĐe selon l'article 82/3 ; une fois inscrit, il ne peut cesser qu'aprÃĻs radiation ordonnÃĐe par le directeur gÃĐnÃĐral à sa demande.
rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel
Article 80/1 Revenue Code
Le taux de TVA de 0 % s'applique notamment aux exportations de biens non exonÃĐrÃĐes, aux services rendus en ThaÃŊlande et utilisÃĐs à l'ÃĐtranger, au transport international aÃĐrien ou maritime par des personnes morales, et, selon conditions, aux ventes ou services aux Nations Unies et ambassades.
rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel
Sources
- Revenue Code, retrieved 2 November 2026
VAT Registration in Thailand : Process and Documentation
Required Documentation
The VAT registration process requires comprehensive documentation to establish business legitimacy and operational capacity. Essential documents include the completed VAT Registration Application Form (PP.01 or PP.01.1 for voluntary registration) in triplicate, signed by authorized company representatives.
Proof of business location is very important. You need lease agreements with the right stamp duty or letters from the owner for business use. House registration documents for the business premises, along with property ownership documentation from lessors, must accompany location proof.
You also need to provide detailed maps that show the exact location of your business. Include photographs of your business premises that show the company signage and the interior office space. Lastly, submit copies of your incorporation certificates along with your complete business objectives.
For foreign-owned companies, directors must provide passport copies, visa documentation, and work permit details with authorized signatures. Power of attorney documentation with stamp duty becomes necessary when representatives handle registration procedures.
Registration Procedures
Businesses in Bangkok apply at the Area Revenue Office for their district; businesses elsewhere apply at the Area Revenue Branch Office (section 85 and the Revenue Department’s own guidance). A company can also register for VAT at the same time as it incorporates: since 17 April 2020 the Ministry of Finance has appointed the DBD’s company registrar to accept VAT registration applications (Ministry of Finance Announcement on the Appointment of Officials No. 65, replaced by No. 68 of 13 November 2020).
Online registration has become increasingly available, though many businesses prefer working with qualified Thai accounting firms to ensure proper completion and submission. In our experience the paperwork takes a few days to prepare and file. The Revenue Department then issues the VAT registration certificate (PP.20), and the business is a registrant from the date stated on the certificate (section 85).
Upon approval, businesses must display their VAT registration certificate in an open, visible place at each establishment (section 85/4) alongside company registration documentation. Failure to display required certificates can result in compliance penalties during revenue inspections.
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Monthly Filing Requirements
PP.30 Return Form
All businesses that are registered for VAT must file monthly VAT returns. They should use Form PP.30, even if they had no sales that month (section 83). This requirement applies universally, even businesses with zero sales must submit blank returns to maintain compliance.
The PP.30 form needs a clear report of output VAT collected from customers. It also requires input VAT paid on business purchases. Finally, it calculates the net VAT liability or refund amount. Businesses must maintain supporting documentation including original purchase invoices and copies of sales tax invoices for revenue department verification.
Monthly reporting periods follow calendar months, with returns due by the 15th of the following month (section 83). E-filed returns get eight extra days, to the 23rd, under the Ministry of Finance announcement on internet filing (No. 7 of 12 January 2024 as amended by No. 8 of 18 March 2024), which covers returns falling due between 1 February 2024 and 31 January 2027. For example, report January VAT activity by February 15th. If the 15th falls on a weekend or public holiday, a paper return filed on the next working day is accepted.
Electronic Filing Systems
Thailand has modernized VAT compliance through electronic filing systems that offer extended submission deadlines and improved convenience. Businesses that file electronically using the Revenue Departmentâs e-filing portal have a deadline. They must complete their returns by the 23rd of the following month.
The e-filing system supports document uploads, automatic calculations, and digital record-keeping that simplifies compliance management. Companies that handle many transactions can set up host-to-host connections for direct data transfer. This is especially helpful for businesses supervised by the Large Business Tax Administration Division.

The Revenue Department also runs an e-tax invoice system, which uses digital certificates and XML files that feed into the monthly VAT return. It is optional: no instrument we have read makes e-tax invoicing compulsory for VAT registrants generally.
Supporting Documentation Requirements
Proper tax invoices remain fundamental to VAT compliance and must include specific information elements. Valid tax invoices must show full company names and addresses for both parties. They should include VAT identification numbers, clear transaction descriptions, and stated VAT amounts.
Input VAT that is not claimed in the month of the invoice can be claimed in a later month within six months under the Director-General’s rules (the Code’s outer limit in section 82/3 is three years), so documentation timing matters. Companies must keep their VAT reports, tax invoices and supporting documents for at least five years from filing (section 87/3) to satisfy audit requirements and support refund claims.
Revenue authorities may request supporting documentation during filing or subsequent audits, making accurate record-keeping essential for sustainable operations. Digital record management systems increasingly support compliance while reducing physical storage requirements.
Penalties and Compliance Consequences
Late Filing Penalties
Thailandâs VAT penalty structure involves multiple penalty types that can accumulate rapidly for non-compliant businesses. Failing to file on time exposes the filer to a penalty of twice the VAT due (section 89(2)) and a surcharge of 1.5% a month on the unpaid VAT, capped at the amount of the tax (section 89/1).
More significant penalties apply to businesses with VAT liabilities. The penalty for a late return is 200% of the VAT for the month (section 89(2)); trading without registering at all costs 200% of the tax or 1,000 baht a month, whichever is more (section 89(1)). The 1.5% surcharge runs from the day after the filing deadline until payment; it is simple, not compound, and cannot exceed the tax itself (section 89/1).
A return that understates the tax carries a penalty of 100% of the shortfall (section 89(3) and (4)). Not filing at all is also a criminal offence carrying a fine of up to 2,000 baht (section 90); trading without registering when registration is required carries up to one month’s imprisonment or a fine of up to 5,000 baht, or both (section 90/2); and deliberate evasion by false entries, fake tax invoices or fraud carries three months to seven years’ imprisonment and a fine of 2,000 to 200,000 baht (section 90/4).
Administrative Consequences
Beyond financial penalties, VAT non-compliance creates operational challenges that can severely impact business activities. The Director-General can revoke the registration of a registrant that breaches the VAT rules, including by not filing, and must notify it in writing (section 85/17); the certificate must be returned within seven days, and trading on after revocation attracts the 200% penalty under section 89(1). The Code sets no fixed number of missed months.
Immigration and work permit authorities scrutinize VAT compliance records when reviewing visa extensions and work permit renewals. Poor VAT compliance history can result in application rejections or increased scrutiny that delays essential business processes.
Revenue authorities have the right to do compliance audits. These audits can disrupt business operations and take a lot of management time and resources. Maintaining current VAT compliance significantly reduces audit risk and associated operational disruptions.
VAT Exemptions and Zero-Rated Transactions
Exempt Transactions
Certain business activities remain completely exempt from VAT requirements, regardless of transaction values. Agricultural products sales, including unprocessed agricultural goods, animals, fertilizers, and animal feed, maintain VAT exemptions that support Thailandâs agricultural sector.
Educational services from government schools and approved private schools are exempt from VAT. This shows the unique nature of services in Thailand. Healthcare services from government hospitals and licensed clinics also qualify. Medical practice, auditing and court advocacy are exempt as independent professions (section 81(1)(āļ)). The limb names court advocacy (āļāļēāļĢāļ§āđāļēāļāļ§āļēāļĄ), not legal services in general.
Transportation services, particularly domestic land transportation and international transportation by land, remain exempt along with immovable property rentals, religious services, and charitable activities. These exemptions recognize essential services that benefit Thai society broadly.
Zero-Rated Transactions
Zero-rated VAT applies to specific international transactions that support Thailandâs export economy. Goods and services sold outside Thailand can get zero-rated treatment. This lets exporters claim input VAT refunds. It helps them stay competitive in international markets.
International transportation services by air and sea receive zero-rated status, as do services provided to international carriers operating in Thailand. Free trade zone activities intended for export manufacturing also qualify for zero-rated treatment under specific documentation requirements.
To claim zero-rated status, businesses must keep detailed records. These records should show foreign sales or exports. They must include proof of payment from foreign sources, shipping documents, and customs clearance records. Revenue authorities closely check documents for zero-rated claims. This is especially true when a VAT registrant does not provide enough proof.
Input VAT Credits and Refunds
Credit Mechanism
Thailandâs VAT system allows businesses to offset input VAT paid on business purchases against output VAT collected from sales. This credit mechanism prevents double taxation and ensures VAT applies only to value-added at each business level.
Eligible input VAT includes buying raw materials, business equipment, professional services, and other goods used for business. However, certain expenses like entertainment costs remain excluded from input VAT credit eligibility.
Input VAT credits maintain six-month validity from the invoice date, requiring businesses to claim credits within this timeframe. Unused credits can be used in later months during the validity period. This gives businesses with uneven cash flows more flexibility.
Refund Procedures
When input VAT exceeds output VAT, businesses become entitled to VAT refunds that can significantly improve cash flow. Exporters and zero-rated suppliers have guaranteed rights to refunds. Their sales create little output VAT but keep a lot of input VAT from business purchases.
Under section 84 the registrant chooses, on the PP.30 for the month, either to claim the excess back as a refund or to carry it forward as a credit against later months. A refund not claimed with the return can still be claimed within three years (section 84/1). Electronic filing systems have streamlined refund processing and reduced processing times.
Businesses must maintain comprehensive documentation supporting refund claims, including original tax invoices, export documentation, and evidence of business use for input VAT items. Revenue authorities may audit refund claims, making accurate documentation essential for successful refund processing, especially when input tax exceeds expectations.
Recent Developments and Digital Transformation
E-Tax Invoice Systems
Thailandâs Revenue Department has introduced voluntary e-tax invoice systems that streamline VAT compliance while enhancing government oversight capabilities. Two systems meet different business needs. The E-Tax Invoice & e-Receipt system is for larger operations. The E-Tax Invoice by Email system is for smaller businesses.
These systems require electronic certificates, digital signatures, and XML format submissions that integrate with monthly VAT reporting requirements. Both systems are voluntary; we know of no enacted date from which they become compulsory.
Benefits include reduced document storage costs, faster processing times, and integration with accounting systems that improve accuracy and efficiency. However, implementation requires technical capabilities and certified service provider relationships that may challenge smaller operations.
Regulatory Updates
Recent regulatory changes reflect Thailandâs commitment to modernizing tax administration and closing compliance gaps. Foreign digital service providers now have stricter rules. They must submit and complete payments by the 23rd of each month.
Proposals to lower the 1.8 million baht threshold have been floated more than once, but none has been enacted: the figure in Royal Decree No. 432 has stood since 1 April 2005. A change would pull in many small businesses that do not have to register right now. These changes would significantly expand the VAT-registered business base while increasing compliance burdens on micro-enterprises.
Digital transformation initiatives increasingly emphasize electronic filing and digital record-keeping that support efficient tax administration. Businesses investing in digital compliance capabilities position themselves advantageously for future regulatory requirements while improving operational efficiency in managing output tax.
Best Practices for VAT Compliance
Internal Systems
Successful VAT compliance requires robust internal systems that support accurate record-keeping, timely filing, and effective communication with revenue authorities. Businesses should implement accounting systems capable of tracking VAT transactions separately and generating required reports efficiently.
Monthly compliance calendars help meet deadlines. They also reduce last-minute filing pressure, which can cause errors and penalties. Regular internal reviews of VAT processes identify improvement opportunities and compliance gaps before they become significant problems, particularly for services rendered in Thailand.
Staff training on VAT requirements and documentation standards ensures consistent compliance across all business activities. This training should cover invoice requirements, record-keeping standards, and penalty awareness that motivates careful attention to compliance details.
Professional Support
Many businesses struggle with Thai VAT rules. These rules are complex, and there are strict penalties for not following them. This is especially true if a VAT registrant does not meet reporting requirements. Because of this, most businesses need help from qualified professionals. Thai accounting firms specializing in VAT compliance can provide registration assistance, monthly filing services, and advisory support that ensures ongoing compliance.
Professional support proves particularly valuable for foreign-owned businesses navigating language barriers and unfamiliar regulatory requirements. Qualified accountants can communicate effectively with revenue authorities and provide guidance during audits or compliance challenges.
The cost of professional support is usually a small part of possible penalties. It also offers peace of mind and helps businesses grow and make money.
Strategic Considerations
VAT registration and compliance should align with broader business strategies rather than representing mere regulatory obligations, especially for companies subject to VAT. Voluntary registration may support business expansion plans, supplier relationships, or competitive positioning in VAT-sensitive markets.
Cash flow management is very important for VAT-registered businesses. This is especially true for those who get regular refunds and those whose input tax is higher than their output tax. Strategic timing of major purchases and sales can optimize VAT positions and improve working capital management.
Long-term business planning should consider VAT implications of expansion activities, new product lines, or market entry strategies. Early consultation with qualified advisors ensures VAT considerations support rather than hinder business objectives.
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FAQs about VAT Registration in Thailand
What is the current VAT rate in Thailand and who has to pay it?
Thailandâs Value Added Tax (VAT) is 7%: the Revenue Code rate is 10% (section 80) and Royal Decree No. 807 keeps it reduced to 7% until 30 September 2027. It applies to most goods and services sold or used in Thailand, affecting both businesses and consumers. Businesses collect output VAT from sales. They can offset this with input VAT paid on purchases. The difference shows if VAT is payable or refundable.
When is VAT registration mandatory in Thailand (thresholds and timing)?
You must register if your taxable revenue is more than 1.8 million THB in a year (Royal Decree No. 432 under section 81/1). You must register within 30 days of reaching the threshold. Importers pay VAT at Customs whether registered or not, so importing alone does not force registration. You can choose to register voluntarily below the threshold (section 81/3), but leaving again needs the Director-General’s approval after a minimum period of at least two years below the threshold (section 85/10(3)).
How do foreign companies and expat entrepreneurs handle VAT in Thailand?
A foreign-owned Thai company registers like any other once its turnover passes 1.8 million baht. A foreign company with no presence here registers only if it supplies electronic services to non-VAT-registered customers in Thailand above that threshold (section 82/13); for other cross-border services the Thai payer self-assesses the VAT on form PP.36 (section 83/6). Import VAT is paid to Customs on entry whether or not the importer is registered (section 83/8). Maintaining VAT registration can be necessary for work permit and visa processes, so compliance directly supports immigration renewals.
What are the monthly VAT filing rules (PP.30), deadlines, and penalties?
All VAT registrants file Form PP.30 every month, even with no sales (file a nil return). Paper filing is due by the 15th of the following month; e-filing extends the deadline to the 23rd. Keep sales tax invoices, purchase invoices, and records for five years. Failing to file on time exposes the filer to a penalty of twice the VAT due (section 89(2)) and a surcharge of 1.5% a month on the unpaid VAT, capped at the amount of the tax (section 89/1).
What transactions are VAT-exempt or zero-rated, and how do refunds work?
Exempt: Agriculture, education, healthcare, domestic land transport, property rentals, and religious and charitable services do not have VAT. Input VAT cannot be credited.
Zero-rated (0%): This includes exports, international air and sea transport, free-trade zones, and services for international carriers. No VAT is charged, but input VAT can be credited or refunded. Input VAT credits generally have six-month validity from invoice date. If the input VAT is more than the output VAT, you can claim a refund using PP.30. Include supporting documents like tax invoices and shipping or customs proof. You choose on the return between a refund and a credit carried forward to later months (section 84).
VAT registration and monthly filing requirements represent fundamental obligations for most businesses operating in Thailand. These requirements are complex, but they help organize Thailandâs tax system. This system funds important government services and supports a competitive business environment. Success requires careful attention to registration requirements, accurate monthly filing, comprehensive record-keeping, and strategic professional support that ensures compliance while supporting business objectives.
Links:
Whether and when you must register for VAT follows from how the business is set up, which is covered in our guide to registering a company in Thailand and our business law overview.
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