Thailand LTR Visa for 10 years

The Thailand LTR Visa: Who Qualifies in 2026, and What It Does to Your Tax

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Reviewed by Wichuda Atthamethakon, LL.M., Thai Bar Licence 3149/2556, for ThaiLawOnline, a Thai law firm acting for foreigners since 2006.

Edited by Sebastien H. Brousseau, LL.B., B.Sc. Last updated 4 November 2026.
Update log
  • 2 November 2026: Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text

The Long-Term Resident visa gives ten years of stay, annual reporting instead of the 90-day report, and for some holders a tax position no other Thai visa offers. The criteria changed in February 2025 and most published guides still quote the old ones.

Last reviewed: 22 August 2026, against BOI Announcement No. Por. 3/2568, BOI Announcement No. Por. 4/2568 and Royal Decree No. 743, all read from the BOI’s own published texts. Re-checked on 6 October 2026: Royal Decree No. 743 re-read in Thai from its Royal Gazette text (volume 139 part 32 Kor, pages 29 to 32); the 17 percent section now describes the election in section 3, paragraph two, and section 5 is quoted as covering income of a past tax year; the BOI announcements were not re-read. Programme statistics added on 6 October 2026 from the BOI announcement of 5 October 2026. Re-checked on 25 October 2026 against the English translation of Por. 3/2568 published on the BOI’s LTR site and against that site’s own category pages: the criteria, the three investment classes and the fifteen targeted industries on this page match the text, and no later BOI announcement on the criteria has been published.

What changed, and why it matters to you

The LTR launched in September 2022. On 13 January 2025 the Cabinet approved a relaxation of the programme, and on 4 February 2025 the Board of Investment gave effect to it in Announcement No. Por. 3/2568, which repealed the two announcements that had governed the visa until then (Por. 2/2565 of 30 June 2022 and Por. 6/2566 of 16 March 2023). A companion announcement, Por. 4/2568, replaced the application procedure.

One change matters more than the rest:

The Wealthy Global Citizen category no longer has an income requirement. The old rule asked for USD 80,000 of annual personal income over the two preceding years. Item 3.1 of Por. 3/2568 does not ask for income at all. What it asks for is investment and assets. A great deal of English-language material still lists the income test, and applicants who would qualify today are being told they do not.

The other changes made by the same package: the dependant categories were widened to parents and legally maintained dependants (the Cabinet agreed to drop the limit of four, but as of 25 October 2026 the Ministry of Interior had not published the announcement that brings this into force, and the BOI’s own LTR site still accepts only a spouse and children under 20, up to four dependants per holder), the work-experience requirement was dropped for the Work-from-Thailand and Highly Skilled tracks, and the criteria were restated in full rather than amended piecemeal.

Are there new LTR categories in 2026?

No. As of 25 October 2026 there are still four categories, and the Board of Investment has issued no announcement adding one. Posts on social media about “new LTR categories” mix up several different things, and only some of them are real.

What is being claimedThe position on 25 October 2026
New industries for Highly Skilled ProfessionalsNot new law. In May 2026 the BOI restated the list on its website under broader names, and some advisers reported that as an expansion. The fifteen industries are the ones already in item 3.4.1 of Por. 3/2568 of 4 February 2025 (see the table further down).
Parents as dependants, with no limit of fourApproved by the Cabinet on 13 January 2025 and written into Por. 3/2568, but it only takes effect once the Ministry of Interior publishes its own announcement. That had not happened by 25 October 2026, and the BOI still accepts only a spouse and children under 20, up to four per holder.
New 2026 industries (carbon markets, space technology) or lower investment thresholdsNo BOI, Cabinet or Ministry of Interior text says so. The thresholds are still USD 500,000 invested in Thailand for a Wealthy Global Citizen and USD 250,000 for a Wealthy Pensioner with USD 40,000 to USD 80,000 of annual income.
A 3 million baht condo gives you an LTR visaWrong. Property counts only towards the USD 500,000 or USD 250,000 investment above, held in your own name before you apply. A cheaper condominium purchase does not qualify on its own.
A new application systemTrue, but procedural only. In September 2026 the BOI moved applications to a new online portal linked to Consular Affairs, Immigration, Employment and the Revenue Department. The criteria did not change.

The criteria still come from BOI Announcement No. Por. 3/2568, issued under section 13 of the Investment Promotion Act B.E. 2520 and in force since it was announced on 4 February 2025. It is a BOI announcement, not an Act of Parliament, so any new category would have to come in a new BOI announcement, normally after a Cabinet resolution, published on the BOI’s LTR site. Until that happens, a post announcing new categories is not the law.

The law behind this page

English

Section 41 Revenue Code

Full text

A person who has assessable income under section 40 in the preceding tax year by reason of a duty or business carried on in Thailand, or by reason of the business of an employer in Thailand, or by reason of property situated in Thailand, shall pay tax under the provisions of this Part, whether that income is paid in or outside Thailand. A resident of Thailand who has assessable income under section 40 in the preceding tax year by reason of a duty or business carried on abroad, or by reason of property situated abroad, shall pay income tax under the provisions of this Part when that assessable income is brought into Thailand. A person who stays in Thailand for one period or several periods totalling 180 days or more in any tax year shall be deemed a resident of Thailand.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 40 Revenue Code

Full text

Assessable income is income of the following types, including the tax that the payer or another person bears on behalf of the recipient for income of those types, at whatever stage: (1) income from employment, whether salary, wages, per diem, bonus, annual allowance, gratuity, pension, house rent allowance, money calculated from the value of living in a house provided rent-free by the employer, money paid by the employer in settlement of any debt that the employee has a duty to pay, and money, property or any benefit whatsoever received by reason of employment; (2) income by reason of a duty or position of work performed or from services undertaken, whether fees, commissions, discounts, subsidies in work performed, meeting allowances, gratuities, bonuses, house rent allowance, money calculated from the value of living in a house provided rent-free by the payer, money paid by the payer in settlement of any debt that the recipient has a duty to pay, and money, property or any benefit whatsoever received by reason of that duty, position of work or services undertaken, whether the duty, position or service is regular or temporary; (3) the value of goodwill, of copyright or of other rights, annuities or income in the nature of yearly payments derived from a will, another juristic act or a court judgment; (4) income being: (a) interest on bonds, interest on deposits, interest on debentures, interest on bills, interest on loans whether secured or not, interest on loans subject to withholding of tax under the law on petroleum income tax, only as to the part remaining after withholding of tax under that law, or the difference between the redemption price and the sale price of a bill or debt instrument issued and first sold below its redemption price by a company, a juristic partnership or another juristic person, including income similar to interest, and benefits or other consideration received from lending or from claims of debt of every kind, whether secured or not; (b) dividends, shares of profit or any other benefit received from a company, a juristic partnership, or a financial institution established under a specific law of Thailand for lending to promote agriculture, commerce or industry, and dividends or shares of profit subject to withholding of tax under the law on petroleum income tax, only as to the part remaining after withholding of tax under that law. For the purpose of calculating income under paragraph one, where a legitimate child who has not yet attained majority is the income earner and the marriage of the father and mother subsisted throughout the tax year, the income of that child shall be deemed the income of the father, but if the marriage of the father and mother did not subsist throughout the tax year, the income of that child shall be deemed the income of the father or the mother exercising parental power, or of the father where the father and mother exercise parental power jointly. Paragraph two shall apply mutatis mutandis to an adopted child who has not yet attained majority and is an income earner. (c) bonuses paid to shareholders or partners in a company or juristic partnership; (d) money from a reduction of capital of a company or juristic partnership, only as to the part paid not exceeding the sum of profits and reserves; (e) money from an increase of capital of a company or juristic partnership created from profits earned or from reserves combined; (f) benefits received from the amalgamation, acquisition or dissolution of companies or juristic partnerships, valued in money in excess of capital; (g) benefits received from the transfer of a partnership interest, transfer of investment units, or transfer of shares, debentures, bonds, or bills or debt instruments issued by a company, a juristic partnership or another juristic person, including income from the sale of investment units back to a company or juristic partnership that is a mutual fund, only as to the amount valued in money in excess of the investment; (h) shares of profit or any other benefit of the same nature received from holding or possessing digital tokens; (i) benefits received from the transfer of cryptocurrency or digital tokens, only as to the amount valued in money in excess of the investment; (5) money or other benefits received by reason of: (a) the letting of property; (b) breach of a hire-purchase contract for property; (c) breach of an instalment sale contract where the seller recovers the property sold without having to return the money or benefits already received. In case (a), if the assessment official has reasonable grounds to believe that the income earner has declared income too low and not in accordance with the facts, the assessment official has the power to assess that income according to the amount for which the property could ordinarily be let, and the amount so assessed shall be deemed the assessable income of the income earner. In this case the assessment may be appealed, and the provisions on appeals in Part 2, Chapter 2, Title 2 shall apply mutatis mutandis. In cases (b) and (c), all money or benefits received from the date of the contract to the date of breach shall be deemed assessable income of the year in which the breach occurs; (6) income from a liberal profession, namely law, the healing arts, engineering, architecture, accountancy, fine arts, or another liberal profession of a type to be prescribed by royal decree; (7) income from contracting in which the contractor provides the essential materials in addition to tools; (8) income from business, commerce, agriculture, industry, transport or any other activity not specified in (1) to (7). The tax under paragraph one that the payer or another person bears on behalf of the recipient for income of any type, at whatever stage or in whatever tax year, shall be deemed income of the same type and of the same tax year as the income for which it was borne.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 13 Investment Promotion Act B.E. 2520

Full text

The Office has a Secretary-General who is the superior of its officials and is responsible for the performance of its official business, directly under the Prime Minister. There shall be Deputy Secretaries-General to assist in directing and carrying out official business, and there may also be Assistant Secretaries-General to assist in directing and carrying out official business. The Secretary-General, the Deputy Secretaries-General and the Assistant Secretaries-General shall be ordinary civil servants. The Office has the following powers and duties: (1) to act in accordance with resolutions of the Board or as assigned by the Board; (2) to publicise the investment climate and encourage investment in activities that are important and beneficial to the economy, society and security of the country; (3) to provide an investment service centre for prospective investors and investors, for obtaining permissions and the use of the various services relating to investment, including facilitating and assisting prospective investors in preparing investment projects, finding joint investors and carrying out investment projects; (4) to analyse investment promotion projects, to inspect and control, and to evaluate investment under promoted projects; (5) to study and research investment opportunities, to prepare investment feasibility reports, and to plan investment promotion; (6) to study and compile information on investment in the Kingdom; (7) to perform other duties to fulfil the objectives of this Act.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 34 Immigration Act B.E. 2522

Full text

An alien who may enter the Kingdom temporarily must enter for the following purposes: (1) performing diplomatic or consular duties; (2) performing official government duties; (3) tourism; (4) sports; (5) business; (6) investment approved by the relevant ministries, sub-ministries and departments; (7) investment or other activities relating to investment, subject to the law on investment promotion; (8) transit through the Kingdom; (9) acting as the person in charge of, or as crew of, a conveyance arriving at a port, station or locality in the Kingdom; (10) study or observation visits; (11) performing mass media duties; (12) religious missionary work approved by the relevant ministries, sub-ministries and departments; (13) scientific research or training and teaching in a research institution or educational institution in the Kingdom; (14) performing work as a skilled craftsman or expert; (15) other purposes prescribed in ministerial regulations.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 35 Immigration Act B.E. 2522

Full text

In the case of an alien entering the Kingdom temporarily under section 34, the Director-General, or a competent official assigned by the Director-General, may permit the alien to stay in the Kingdom subject to any conditions. The period of permitted stay in the Kingdom shall be set as follows: (1) not more than 30 days, for cases under section 34 (4), (8) and (9); (2) not more than 90 days, for cases under section 34 (3); (3) not more than 1 year, for cases under section 34 (5), (10), (11), (12), (13), (14) and (15); (4) not more than 2 years, for cases under section 34 (6); (5) for the period necessary, for cases under section 34 (1) and (2); (6) for the period the Board of Investment considers appropriate, for cases under section 34 (7). Where an alien has a necessary reason to stay in the Kingdom beyond the periods set in (1), (2), (3) and (4), the Director-General shall consider permitting a further stay of not more than 1 year at a time and, having given permission, shall report it with reasons to the Committee for information within 7 days from the date of permission. For each application for permission to stay temporarily in the Kingdom further, the alien shall file an application in the prescribed form and pay the fee prescribed in ministerial regulations. While awaiting the order, the alien may remain in the Kingdom in the meantime.

ThaiLawOnline translation

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āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļēāļĒāļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļŠāđˆāļē āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļēāļĒāļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļŠāļģāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļ” āđ† āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĨāļđāļāļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļģāļĢāļ° āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāđƒāļ” āđ† āļšāļĢāļĢāļ”āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļˆāđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļĢāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™ (āđ’)  āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄ āļ„āđˆāļēāļ™āļēāļĒāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āļ„āđˆāļēāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļĨāļ” āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ­āļļāļ”āļŦāļ™āļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģ āđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄ āļšāļģāđ€āļŦāļ™āđ‡āļˆ āđ‚āļšāļ™āļąāļŠ āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļŠāđˆāļēāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™ āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļšāđ‰āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ„āđˆāļēāđ€āļŠāđˆāļē āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļŠāļģāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļ” āđ† āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļģāļĢāļ°āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™ āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāđƒāļ” āđ† āļšāļĢāļĢāļ”āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļģāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āļģāđāļŦāļ™āđˆāļ‡āļ‡āļēāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļēāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļģāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āļ„āļĢāļēāļ§ (āđ“)  āļ„āđˆāļēāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļāļđāđŠāļ”āļ§āļīāļĨāļĨāđŒ āļ„āđˆāļēāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļĨāļīāļ‚āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđŒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ›āļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļĢāļēāļĒāļ›āļĩāļ­āļąāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļžāļīāļ™āļąāļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ„āļģāļžāļīāļžāļēāļāļĐāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĻāļēāļĨ (āđ”) āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ (āļ)   āļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļšāļąāļ•āļĢ āļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļāļēāļ āļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļāļđāđ‰ āļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāļ•āļąāđ‹āļ§āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™ āļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļāļđāđ‰āļĒāļ·āļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆ āļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļāļđāđ‰āļĒāļ·āļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļŦāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ„āļ§āđ‰ āļ“ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāļĄāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļīāđ‚āļ•āļĢāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒāļĄāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļ–āļđāļāļŦāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ„āļ§āđ‰ āļ“ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāļĄāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļĨāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđ„āļ–āđˆāļ–āļ­āļ™āļāļąāļšāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļˆāļģāļŦāļ™āđˆāļēāļĒāļ•āļąāđ‹āļ§āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āļĢāļēāļŠāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļ­āļāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļģāļŦāļ™āđˆāļēāļĒāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļĢāļāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļ„āļēāļ•āđˆāļģāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđ„āļ–āđˆāļ–āļ­āļ™ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļ—āļģāļ™āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļāļąāļšāļ”āļ­āļāđ€āļšāļĩāđ‰āļĒ āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļđāđ‰āļĒāļ·āļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ—āļļāļāļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļĄāļĩāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ (āļ‚)  āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ›āļąāļ™āļœāļĨ āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļģāđ„āļĢ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđƒāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāļˆāļąāļ”āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļđāđ‰āļĒāļ·āļĄāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļžāļēāļ“āļīāļŠāļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ›āļąāļ™āļœāļĨāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļģāđ„āļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļŦāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ„āļ§āđ‰ āļ“ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāđˆāļēāļĒ āļ•āļēāļĄāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļīāđ‚āļ•āļĢāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒāļĄāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļ–āļđāļāļŦāļąāļāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ„āļ§āđ‰ āļ“ āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāļ•āļēāļĄāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļģāļ™āļ§āļ“āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļ„āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļļāļ•āļĢāļŠāļ­āļšāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļšāļĢāļĢāļĨāļļāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļĩāļ āļĢāļīāļĒāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļīāļ”āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļēāļĢāļ”āļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ›āļĩāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļļāļ•āļĢāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļīāļ”āļē āđāļ•āđˆāļ–āđ‰āļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļĩāļ āļĢāļīāļĒāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļīāļ”āļēāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļēāļĢāļ”āļēāļĄāļīāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ›āļĩāļ āļēāļĐāļĩ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļļāļ•āļĢāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļīāļ”āļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāļĢāļ”āļēāļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļīāļ”āļēāđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļšāļīāļ”āļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ”āļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļ§āļĢāļĢāļ„āļŠāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāļāļąāļšāļšāļļāļ•āļĢāļšāļļāļāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļšāļĢāļĢāļĨāļļāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļ āļēāļ§āļ°āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āļ™āļļāđ‚āļĨāļĄ (āļ„) āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ‚āļšāļ™āļąāļŠāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāđāļāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđƒāļ™āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨ (āļ‡) āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļĨāļ”āļ—āļļāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļāļģāđ„āļĢāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™ (āļˆ) āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ—āļļāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļāļģāđ„āļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļąāļ™āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļĢāļ§āļĄāļāļąāļ™ (āļ‰) āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨ āļ„āļ§āļšāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļāļąāļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ‡āļāļąāļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļąāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ•āļĩāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļļāļ™ (āļŠ)  āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ­āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āđ‚āļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ‚āļ­āļ™āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™ āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļāļđāđ‰ āļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļšāļąāļ•āļĢ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āļąāđ‹āļ§āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āļĢāļēāļŠāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđƒāļ™āļŦāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļ­āļ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļēāļĒāļ„āļ·āļ™āļŦāļ™āđˆāļ§āļĒāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļāđˆāļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ•āļĩāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ (āļ‹)  āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđāļšāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļģāđ„āļĢ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđƒāļ”āđƒāļ™āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ„āļĢāļ­āļšāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ—āđ€āļ„āļ™āļ”āļīāļˆāļīāļ—āļąāļĨ (āļŒ)  āļœāļĨāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ­āļ™āļ„āļĢāļīāļ›āđ‚āļ—āđ€āļ„āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļĢāļ™āļ‹āļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ‚āļ—āđ€āļ„āļ™āļ”āļīāļˆāļīāļ—āļąāļĨ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ•āļĩāļĢāļēāļ„āļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ™āļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ (āđ•)  āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļ (āļ) āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŠāđˆāļēāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™ (āļ‚) āļāļēāļĢāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāđ€āļŠāđˆāļēāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™ (āļ„) āļāļēāļĢāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‚āļēāļĒāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļœāđˆāļ­āļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļ‚āļēāļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ·āļ™āļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‹āļ·āđ‰āļ­āļ‚āļēāļĒāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ·āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ„āļ§āđ‰āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ Â      āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩ (āļ) āļ–āđ‰āļēāđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļĄāļĩāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ­āļąāļ™āļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āđˆāļģāđ„āļ›āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡ āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļĄāļĩāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĢāļąāļžāļĒāđŒāļŠāļīāļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļĄāļ„āļ§āļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŠāđˆāļēāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļēāļĄāļ›āļāļ•āļī āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļ§āđˆāļē āļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļžāļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļˆāļ°āļ­āļļāļ—āļ˜āļĢāļ“āđŒāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰  āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļģāļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļļāļ—āļ˜āļĢāļ“āđŒāļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āđ’ āļŦāļĄāļ§āļ” āđ’ āļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ° āđ’ āļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āļ™āļļāđ‚āļĨāļĄ Â      āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩ (āļ‚) āđāļĨāļ° (āļ„) āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ„āļ§āđ‰āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļģāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļˆāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŠāļīāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļžāļķāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ (āđ–) āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļŠāļĩāļžāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ° āļ„āļ·āļ­āļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāđ‚āļĢāļ„āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļ° āļ§āļīāļĻāļ§āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļŠāļ–āļēāļ›āļąāļ•āļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩ āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ“āļĩāļ•āļĻāļīāļĨāļ›āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļŠāļĩāļžāļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļēāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āđ„āļ§āđ‰ (āđ—) āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āļŦāļēāļŠāļąāļĄāļ āļēāļĢāļ°āđƒāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ„āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ·āļ­ (āđ˜) āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ āļāļēāļĢāļžāļēāļ“āļīāļŠāļĒāđŒ āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢ āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™ (āđ‘) āļ–āļķāļ‡ (āđ—) āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ„āđˆāļēāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāļ­āļēāļāļĢāļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļ„āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ āļ–āđ‰āļēāļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāđˆāļēāļĒāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđāļ—āļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āđƒāļ” āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ­āļ”āđƒāļ” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĩāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđƒāļ”āļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āđāļĨāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĩāļ āļēāļĐāļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļāļąāļšāđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāđāļ—āļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 13 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2520

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĄāļĩāđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāļšāļąāļāļŠāļēāļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļąāļšāļœāļīāļ”āļŠāļ­āļšāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢ āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ™āļēāļĒāļāļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢ āļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢāļžāļĨāđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļ āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™ āļĄāļĩāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ”āļąāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰ (āđ‘) āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļ•āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĄāļ­āļšāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒ (āđ’) āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ†āļĐāļ“āļēāđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāļšāļĢāļĢāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĻāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļąāļāļˆāļđāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāđƒāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āđ€āļĻāļĢāļĐāļāļāļīāļˆ āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āļ„āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ (āđ“) āļˆāļąāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļˆāļąāļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļēāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđƒāļŠāđ‰āļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ°āļ”āļ§āļ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āđāļāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĒāļĄāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļēāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ (āđ”) āļ§āļīāđ€āļ„āļĢāļēāļ°āļŦāđŒāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄ āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļˆāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ™āļœāļĨāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄ (āđ•) āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļ„āđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ§āđ‰āļēāļŦāļēāļĨāļđāđˆāļ—āļēāļ‡āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļˆāļąāļ”āļ—āļģāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļēāļ‡āđāļœāļ™āļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ (āđ–) āļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ§āļšāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ (āđ—) āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āļąāļ•āļ–āļļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 34 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ„āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļž.āļĻ. 2522

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ°āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āļ„āļĢāļēāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļąāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰ (āđ‘) āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļđāļ•āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļ‡āļŠāļļāļĨ (āđ’) āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļēāļ‡āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļēāļĢ (āđ“) āļāļēāļĢāļ—āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§ (āđ”) āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĨāđˆāļ™āļāļĩāļŽāļē (āđ•) āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ (āđ–) āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļŠāļ­āļšāļˆāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļšāļ§āļ‡āļāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ (āđ—) āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ (āđ˜) āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ (āđ™) āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļšāļ„āļļāļĄāļžāļēāļŦāļ™āļ°āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ„āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļˆāļģāļžāļēāļŦāļ™āļ°āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāļĒāļąāļ‡āļ—āđˆāļēāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļĩ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ (āđ‘āđ) āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ”āļđāļ‡āļēāļ™ (āđ‘āđ‘) āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāļ§āļĨāļŠāļ™ (āđ‘āđ’) āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļœāļĒāđāļžāļĢāđˆāļĻāļēāļŠāļ™āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļŠāļ­āļšāļˆāļēāļāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļšāļ§āļ‡āļāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡ (āđ‘āđ“) āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ§āđ‰āļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļ§āļīāļ—āļĒāļēāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļķāļāļŠāļ­āļ™āđƒāļ™āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļ™āļ„āļ§āđ‰āļēāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļ–āļēāļšāļąāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļēāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ (āđ‘āđ”) āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļĩāļĄāļ·āļ­āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļ (āđ‘āđ•) āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 35 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ„āļ™āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ āļž.āļĻ. 2522

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļēāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āļ„āļĢāļēāļ§āļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ” āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļĄāļ­āļšāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļˆāļ°āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚āđƒāļ” āđ† āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ (āđ‘) āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļŠāļīāļšāļ§āļąāļ™ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ” (āđ”) (āđ˜) āđāļĨāļ° (āđ™) (āđ’) āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āđ€āļāđ‰āļēāļŠāļīāļšāļ§āļąāļ™ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ” (āđ“) (āđ“) āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĩ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ” (āđ•) (āđ‘āđ) (āđ‘āđ‘) (āđ‘āđ’) (āđ‘āđ“) (āđ‘āđ”) āđāļĨāļ° (āđ‘āđ•) (āđ”) āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĩ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ” (āđ–) (āđ•) āļ•āļēāļĄāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ•āļēāļĄ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ” (āđ‘) āđāļĨāļ° (āđ’) (āđ–) āļ•āļēāļĄāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļŠāļĄāļ„āļ§āļĢāļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ” (āđ—) āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļĄāļĩāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļ™ (āđ‘) (āđ’) (āđ“) āđāļĨāļ° (āđ”) āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĨāļ°āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĩ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļžāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļĄāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļœāļĨāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āđ€āļˆāđ‡āļ”āļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ• āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļąāđˆāļ§āļ„āļĢāļēāļ§āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āđāļ•āđˆāļĨāļ°āļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ™āļ„āļģāļ‚āļ­āļ•āļēāļĄāđāļšāļšāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒāļ„āđˆāļēāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ€āļ™āļĩāļĒāļĄāļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡ āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāļ­āļŸāļąāļ‡āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļœāļđāđ‰āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāđ„āļ›āļžāļĨāļēāļ‡āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

Français

Article 41 Revenue Code

Le revenu de source thaÃŊlandaise est imposable oÃđ qu'il soit payÃĐ; celui de source ÃĐtrangÃĻre d'un rÃĐsident l'est lorsqu'il est introduit en ThaÃŊlande. Est rÃĐsident quiconque y sÃĐjourne au moins 180 jours au total dans l'annÃĐe fiscale.

rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel

Article 40 Revenue Code

DÃĐfinit huit catÃĐgories de revenu imposable: emploi, fonctions ou services, droits et rentes, capitaux y compris cryptomonnaies, location, professions libÃĐrales, travaux à forfait avec fournitures, commerce et autres activitÃĐs. L'impÃīt supportÃĐ par le payeur y entre; le revenu du mineur est attribuÃĐ au pÃĻre ou au parent exerçant l'autoritÃĐ.

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Article 13 Investment Promotion Act B.E. 2520

Le Bureau est dirigÃĐ par un secrÃĐtaire gÃĐnÃĐral relevant directement du Premier ministre, assistÃĐ d'adjoints ; il exÃĐcute notamment les dÃĐcisions du Conseil, promeut l'investissement, gÃĻre un centre de services aux investisseurs, analyse, contrÃīle et ÃĐvalue les projets promus.

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Article 34 Immigration Act B.E. 2522

L'ÃĐtranger ne peut entrer temporairement dans le Royaume que pour les motifs ÃĐnumÃĐrÃĐs, notamment fonctions diplomatiques ou officielles, tourisme, sport, affaires, investissement approuvÃĐ, transit, ÃĐtudes, mÃĐdias, recherche, missions religieuses approuvÃĐes, travaux de spÃĐcialiste, ou tout autre motif fixÃĐ par rÃĻglement ministÃĐriel.

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Article 35 Immigration Act B.E. 2522

SÃĐjour maximal : 30 jours, 90 jours, 1 an ou 2 ans selon l'article 34 ; durÃĐe nÃĐcessaire pour 34 (1), (2) ; fixÃĐe par le BOI pour 34 (7). Le directeur gÃĐnÃĐral peut prolonger ces quatre durÃĐes d'1 an maximum par fois. Le demandeur reste en attendant.

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Sources

The LTR in numbers, four years on

On 5 October 2026 the Board of Investment published its four-year count for the programme: just over 12,000 approvals since September 2022, which it values at about USD 1.28 billion (THB 43 billion) for the Thai economy, or more than USD 107,000 (THB 3.6 million) per holder. That value is the BOI’s own estimate, built from visa fees, holders’ spending in Thailand, direct investment and the tax paid by highly skilled professionals. The figures are set out in The Nation’s report of the BOI announcement.

GroupApprovalsShare
Wealthy Pensioner4,56138 percent
Dependants (of holders in the four categories)3,89132 percent
Highly Skilled Professional1,77915 percent
Work-from-Thailand Professional1,0439 percent
Wealthy Global Citizen7376 percent

The BOI’s announcement gives the total as 12,010, while its five figures add up to 12,011. Either way, the breakdown tells an applicant more than the headline does:

  • Retirees are the largest group. Wealthy Pensioners alone outnumber the three working and investing categories put together (4,561 against 3,559).
  • Three nationalities lead. The United States accounts for more than 2,400 approvals, Japan for more than 1,300 and the United Kingdom for more than 1,000.
  • The work categories are senior. Among Highly Skilled and Work-from-Thailand Professionals, 54 percent hold executive-level positions and 36 percent are professionals in various fields. The remainder are at technical level.
  • Wealthy Global Citizen is the smallest category, and it is the one whose criteria changed most in February 2025.

The four categories, and the fifth thing that is not a category

There are four LTR categories. Dependants are not a fifth: they hold a visa linked to a principal holder’s, under item 3.5, and they qualify through that person rather than on their own criteria.

Category Money test Other gates Insurance or funds
Wealthy Global Citizen
item 3.1
No income test. USD 500,000 invested in Thailand in the applicant’s own name, plus total assets of USD 1 million The investment must fall into one or more of three classes: (1) Thai government bonds with at least five years left to run; (2) direct investment in a Thai limited or public company, or in a venture capital company or private equity trust registered with the SEC; (3) property. It must be held before the application date Health cover of USD 50,000 with at least ten months left to run, or Thai social security, or USD 100,000 on deposit held at least twelve months
Wealthy Pensioner
item 3.2
Pension or fixed income of USD 80,000 a year; or USD 40,000 to USD 80,000 a year plus USD 250,000 invested in Thailand Must be 50 or over and retired at the time of application. The investment options are the same three as above Same as above
Work-from-Thailand Professional
item 3.3
Average personal income of USD 80,000 a year over the two preceding years; or USD 40,000 with a Master’s degree, owned intellectual property, or Series A funding of at least USD 1 million The employer is the real gate. It must be a company listed on any stock exchange, or a private company trading at least three years with combined revenue of at least USD 50 million over those three years, or a wholly owned subsidiary of either Same as above
Highly Skilled Professional
item 3.4
Average personal income of USD 80,000 a year over two years; or USD 40,000 with a Master’s or higher in science and technology, or expertise in the field of work. Retired science and technology professionals may use their pre-retirement income Work must be in one of fifteen targeted industries, and the BOI certifies that. Employment with a public university, public research agency or other public body waives the income test entirely Same as above
Dependants
item 3.5, not a category
None of their own Lawful spouse and children under 20 of the principal holder, up to four in total (the BOI does not yet accept parents) Health cover as above, or an extra USD 25,000 on deposit per dependant, held at least twelve months

The fifteen targeted industries, for Highly Skilled Professionals

Item 3.4.1 lists them: automotive; electronics; affluent tourism; agriculture, food and biotechnology; transport and logistics; automation and robotics; aviation, aerospace and space; biofuels and biochemicals; petrochemicals and chemicals; digital; medical; national defence; direct and significant supporting industries for the circular economy; International Business Centres; and a fifteenth catch-all for applicants with special expertise in areas including research and development in targeted technologies, vocational or higher-education teaching, applied artificial intelligence and robotics, digital systems development, financial or marketing analysis and advisory, environmental and energy management, incubator and accelerator management, alternative dispute resolution, and trade and investment promotion through foreign chambers of commerce.

This list is not a 2026 change. Transport and logistics, petrochemicals and chemicals and International Business Centres were added by BOI Announcement No. Por. 6/2566 of 16 March 2023, and Por. 3/2568 restated the whole list in February 2025. In May 2026 the BOI brought the list on its website into line with those broader names. If you read a guide written at the 2022 launch, the names have changed as follows.

Name at the 2022 launchName now (Por. 3/2568, item 3.4.1)
Next-generation automotiveAutomotive
Smart electronicsElectronics
Quality tourismAffluent tourism
Agriculture and biotechnology; high value-added food processingAgriculture, food and biotechnology
AviationAviation, aerospace and space
Medical and comprehensive healthcareMedical
DefenceNational defence
Not listedTransport and logistics; petrochemicals and chemicals; International Business Centres
Human resources development and R&D; other industries under the 20-year national strategyOther industries where the applicant works with special expertise in one of nine listed fields
Automation and robotics; biofuels and biochemicals; digital; circular economyUnchanged

If your work does not sit in that list, the Highly Skilled route is closed to you however much you earn. That is the question to settle first.

The tax position, which is the real reason to hold this visa

The LTR’s tax treatment comes from Royal Decree No. 743 B.E. 2565, issued under the Revenue Code on the reduction of rates and exemption of taxes. It was given on 21 May 2022 and published in the Government Gazette on 23 May 2022, volume 139 part 32 Kor, page 29; by its section 2 it came into force the day after publication. Two separate benefits sit in it, and they go to different categories.

The 17 percent cap, and it is a cap

Section 3 reduces withholding tax to 17 percent on employment income received by a foreigner categorised as a Highly Skilled Professional holding an LTR visa, where the employer carries on a targeted industry under the national competitiveness enhancement law, the investment promotion law or the eastern special development zone law.

Three points that general summaries leave out:

  • It applies to the Highly Skilled Professional category only. The other three categories do not get it.
  • It is a ceiling, not a flat rate. Where the ordinary computation would come out above 17 percent, withholding stops at 17 percent. Where it would come out below, nothing changes unless the holder chooses to let the employer withhold at 17 percent, in which case the income is left out of the annual computation altogether (section 3, paragraph two). It is an option below the ceiling, and nobody is forced up to 17 percent.
  • Section 4 makes the exclusion conditional. You leave the income out of your return only if you do not claim a refund or credit for the tax withheld, in whole or in part, and you must still file a return reporting the excluded income.

The exemption on foreign income brought into Thailand

This is the provision that matters most in 2026, and it is the one almost nobody connects to the remittance debate.

Section 5 exempts from personal income tax a foreigner categorised as a Wealthy Global Citizen, Wealthy Pensioner or Work-from-Thailand Professional who holds an LTR visa, on assessable income under section 40 of the Revenue Code derived in a past tax year from employment, from a business carried on abroad, or from property situated abroad, and brought into Thailand.

Set that against the ordinary position. Since Por. 161/2566 the Revenue Department taxes foreign income remitted by a Thai tax resident who was resident in the year the income arose, which our page on Thailand’s foreign income remittance tax works through. For three of the four LTR categories, a Royal Decree says that charge does not apply to them. For a retiree remitting a pension, or an investor living on foreign income, that is the difference the visa buys.

Two cautions. Section 6 makes every benefit conditional on meeting the rules the Director-General of the Revenue Department prescribes, and section 7 suspends the benefit for any tax year in which you fall out of compliance. And a double tax agreement is a separate question again: relief under a treaty is usually a credit for foreign tax paid rather than an exemption, so the treaty and the Royal Decree have to be read together for your own country and your own category, not assumed to point the same way.

How the application actually runs

Announcement Por. 4/2568 sets out the procedure, and it is a two-stage process that catches people out.

  1. Qualification endorsement first. You apply to the BOI electronically or through another channel it specifies. This is not the visa.
  2. The One Stop Service Centre routes your file. Depending on your case it goes to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (only for nationals of watch-listed countries or suspicious activity), the Immigration Bureau, the Department of Employment (only where it is unclear whether the role is a prohibited occupation), the Digital Economy Promotion Agency or NSTDA (only where a Highly Skilled applicant’s credentials do not state their expertise), and the BOI itself, which certifies whether the work is in a targeted industry. That last check applies to Highly Skilled applicants only.
  3. Then you have 60 days. Once the endorsement letter is issued you must apply for the visa itself within 60 days, at the One Stop Service Centre, a Royal Thai Embassy, a Thai Consulate abroad, or another agency the Immigration Bureau designates. Miss the window and the endorsement is wasted.

Dependants may apply for endorsement at the same time as the principal applicant or afterwards.

In September 2026 the BOI moved processing to an integrated online portal which, by its own account, brings the reviews of four agencies into a single process: the Department of Consular Affairs, the Immigration Bureau, the Department of Employment and the Revenue Department. Its one-stop service centre, the Thailand Investment and Expat Services Center (TIESC), is on floors 6 and 7 of the Parade zone at One Bangkok.

LTR against the alternatives

LTRDTVThailand Privilege
Validity10 years, issued as 5 plus a 5-year renewal5 years, multiple entryBy membership tier
Stay per entryThe full permit period, with annual reporting instead of the 90-day report180 days, extendable onceBy tier
CostGovernment fees, plus the investment or income you must evidenceTHB 10,000 application feeA membership fee, priced by tier
Work in ThailandDigital work permit available to eligible categoriesNo work permitNo work permit
Tax treatment17 percent cap for Highly Skilled Professionals; exemption on remitted foreign income for the other three categories under Royal Decree 743No special treatment. Ordinary residence and remittance rules applyNo special treatment
Main gateInvestment, assets, income or targeted-industry employment, depending on categoryTHB 500,000 in savings, and you must apply from outside ThailandAbility to pay the membership fee

The honest summary: the DTV is cheap, quick and gives you no work permit and no tax advantage, and our DTV guide sets out its own traps. Thailand Privilege buys convenience, and our Privilege visa page covers it. The LTR is the only one of the three that changes your tax position, and it is the only one with a qualification test you can fail.

Frequently asked questions

Does the Wealthy Global Citizen category still require USD 80,000 of annual income?

No. That requirement was removed on 4 February 2025 by BOI Announcement No. Por. 3/2568, which repealed the earlier announcements. Item 3.1 asks for USD 500,000 invested in Thailand in the applicant’s own name and total assets of USD 1 million, plus the health cover or deposit condition. It sets no income test at all. A lot of published material has not caught up.

How many LTR categories are there?

Four: Wealthy Global Citizen, Wealthy Pensioner, Work-from-Thailand Professional and Highly Skilled Professional. Dependants are dealt with separately under item 3.5 and are not a fifth category, because they qualify through the principal holder rather than on criteria of their own.

Did Thailand add new LTR visa categories in 2026?

No. There are still four categories under BOI Announcement No. Por. 3/2568 of 4 February 2025, and no later BOI announcement had changed them as of 25 October 2026. The 2026 posts about new categories refer to the BOI restating the fifteen targeted industries for Highly Skilled Professionals on its website, to the wider dependant rule that is still waiting for a Ministry of Interior announcement, or to the new online application portal launched in September 2026. None of these adds a category.

Can I get an LTR visa by buying a condo in Thailand?

Only as part of a larger investment. Property counts towards the USD 500,000 a Wealthy Global Citizen must hold in Thailand, or the USD 250,000 a Wealthy Pensioner with USD 40,000 to USD 80,000 of annual income must hold, and it must be in the applicant’s own name before the application. A condo bought for less, such as the 3 million baht figure quoted on some property sites, does not qualify on its own.

Do all LTR holders pay 17 percent income tax?

No. The 17 percent rate under section 3 of Royal Decree No. 743 applies only to Highly Skilled Professionals, and only to employment income from an employer carrying on a targeted industry. It is also a ceiling rather than a flat rate: where the ordinary computation comes out lower, the lower figure stands unless the holder chooses to be withheld at 17 percent as a final tax (section 3, paragraph two).

Is foreign income I bring into Thailand taxed if I hold an LTR visa?

Section 5 of Royal Decree No. 743 exempts Wealthy Global Citizens, Wealthy Pensioners and Work-from-Thailand Professionals from personal income tax on income from foreign employment, a business carried on abroad, or property abroad, derived in a past tax year and brought into Thailand. The exemption is conditional on complying with the Revenue Department’s rules, and section 7 suspends it for any year in which you do not.

Can I work remotely for a foreign employer on an LTR visa?

That is what the Work-from-Thailand Professional category is for. The gate most applicants miss is the employer test: it must be a listed company, or a private company trading at least three years with combined revenue of at least USD 50 million across those three years, or a wholly owned subsidiary of one of those. A small foreign employer will not qualify you however much you personally earn.

How long do I have to apply for the visa after the BOI endorses me?

Sixty days from the date the qualification endorsement letter is issued, under item 2.3.2 of BOI Announcement No. Por. 4/2568. The endorsement and the visa are two separate steps, and the second one has a deadline.

Can my family come with me?

Yes. Item 3.5 covers a lawful spouse, parents, children under 20 and legal dependants. The Cabinet agreed in January 2025 to drop the limit of four dependants, but as of 25 October 2026 the BOI’s own LTR site still states a maximum of four per holder, limited to a spouse and children under 20, and the Ministry of Interior announcement that brings the wider rule into force had not been published, so confirm the number with the BOI before filing for a large family. Each dependant needs the health cover, or an additional USD 25,000 on deposit held for at least twelve months.

How many LTR visas has Thailand approved?

Just over 12,000 in the programme’s first four years, according to figures the Board of Investment published on 5 October 2026. Wealthy Pensioners are the largest group with 4,561 approvals, followed by 3,891 dependants, 1,779 Highly Skilled Professionals, 1,043 Work-from-Thailand Professionals and 737 Wealthy Global Citizens. Americans, Japanese and British nationals are the three largest nationalities.

Find out which category you actually fit

Serving foreigners in Thailand since 2006, ThaiLawOnline.com advises on LTR eligibility, prepares qualification endorsement applications, and tells clients plainly when a different visa is the better answer. The category you qualify under decides your tax position, so it is worth settling before you file.

Schedule a consultation, or read our guides to the DTV, the Thailand Privilege visa and foreign income remittance tax.

This article is general information, not legal or tax advice. It states the position as read on 25 October 2026 from BOI Announcements Por. 3/2568 and Por. 4/2568 and Royal Decree No. 743. How the rules apply turns on your category, your country’s treaty and your documents.

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