Thai Law About Marital Property of Husband and Wife

Reviewed by Wichuda Atthamethakon, LL.M., Thai Bar Licence 3149/2556, for ThaiLawOnline, a Thai law firm acting for foreigners since 2006.

Co-owned assets and a spouse’s power to sell

Unregistered partners do not acquire the statutory marital-property regime merely by living together. They may nevertheless establish co-ownership of assets acquired through their joint earning activity. In Supreme Court Decision No. 97/2569, the court recognised equal shares in two plots derived from the partners’ joint business before marriage. Their later marriage did not turn those assets into marital property. Preserve evidence of the joint business, payments and acquisition history. This ruling does not give a foreign partner a general right to own Thai land. See our analysis of unmarried couples and property.

Selling or mortgaging marital immovable property generally requires joint action or the other spouse’s consent under Section 1476 of the Civil and Commercial Code. Section 1480 permits an annulment claim, subject to ratification, protection for a third party acting in good faith for value, and the one-year knowledge and ten-year transaction limits. In Supreme Court Decision No. 3228/2569, two 2017 transfers were revoked in full and the recipient was ordered to leave those plots. The challenges to two 2006 transfers were time-barred. The decision did not undo all four sales. Check the acquisition date, marital status, source of funds and consent before registration. See our spousal-consent analysis.

This section includes articles about prenuptial agreement in Thailand but also how to define the personal property and common property when people are married. Where the asset is land bought during a marriage to a Thai national, the ownership question is governed by the Land Code rather than by matrimonial property alone. Our overview of whether a foreigner can buy land in Thailand explains which routes are actually open.

The law behind this page

English

Section 1474

Sin Somros (marital property) is property acquired by either spouse during the marriage, property received during the marriage by will or written gift that declares it to be marital, and the fruits of separate property such as rent and interest. If it is unclear whether something is marital, the law presumes that it is, and the spouse saying otherwise has to prove it. Selling separate property and reinvesting the proceeds does not by itself make it marital, because Section 1472 keeps the substitute separate.

Full text

Section 1474. Marital property (sin somros) consists of property: (1) acquired by the spouses during the marriage; (2) acquired by either spouse during the marriage by will or by a gift made in writing, where the will or the instrument of gift states that it is marital property; (3) which is the fruit of separate property. Where it is doubtful whether an item of property is marital property or not, it is presumed to be marital property.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Our annotated sectionOfficial text

Section 1471

Property that each spouse owned before the marriage, personal-use items and professional tools, property acquired during the marriage by inheritance or by gift, and the khong man engagement gift, is Sin Suan Tua, separate property remaining with that spouse.

Full text

Section 1471. Separate property (sin suan tua) consists of property: (1) which either spouse owned before the marriage; (2) which consists of articles for personal use, clothing or personal ornaments suitable to one's station in life, or tools and implements necessary for the occupation or profession of either spouse; (3) which either spouse acquired during the marriage by inheritance or by gratuitous gift; (4) which is khong man (betrothal property).

ThaiLawOnline translation

Our annotated sectionOfficial text

Section 1470Amended on 23 January 2025

Full text

Property between spouses, other than that set apart as personal property, is marital property.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Our annotated sectionOfficial text

Section 1476Amended on 23 January 2025

Certain major transactions over Sin Somros require joint management or the other spouse's consent; under Section 1480 a transaction made by one spouse alone or without consent may be revoked by the court on the other spouse's action, unless the other spouse ratified it or the third party acted in good faith and for value.

Full text

Section 1476. The spouses must manage the marital property jointly, or with the consent of the other spouse, in the following cases: (1) selling, exchanging, selling with a right of redemption, letting on hire purchase, mortgaging, discharging a mortgage or transferring a mortgage, of immovable property or of movable property that may be mortgaged; (2) creating, or extinguishing in whole or in part, a servitude, a right of habitation, a right of superficies, a usufruct or a charge on immovable property; (3) letting immovable property for more than three years; (4) lending money; (5) making a gift, except a gift in keeping with the family's station in life made for charity, for social purposes or in accordance with a moral duty; (6) making a compromise; (7) submitting a dispute to arbitration; (8) furnishing property as security or as a guarantee to an official or to a court. Management of the marital property in cases other than those provided in paragraph one may be carried out by either spouse without the consent of the other spouse.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Our annotated sectionOfficial text

Section 1480

Where the management of Sin Somros requires joint action or the other spouse's consent under Section 1476 and one spouse acts alone or without that consent, the other may ask the court to revoke the act. Two things defeat the application: ratification by the other spouse, or a third person who acted in good faith and gave value at the time. The action must be brought within one year of learning of the ground for revocation, and in any event within ten years of the act.

Full text

Section 1480. Where the management of marital property must be carried out jointly, or requires the consent of the other spouse, under section 1476, and one spouse has performed a juristic act alone or without the consent of the other spouse, the other spouse may bring an action asking the court to revoke that juristic act, unless the other spouse has ratified it, or the third person, at the time the juristic act was performed, acted in good faith and gave value. An action asking the court to revoke a juristic act under paragraph one may not be brought once one year has passed from the day on which the ground for revocation became known, or once ten years have passed from the day on which the juristic act was performed.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Our annotated sectionOfficial text

Section 1465Amended on 23 January 2025

Where the spouses made no special agreement about property before the marriage, this Chapter governs the property relations between them. Separately, a clause in a prenuptial agreement is void if it is contrary to public order or to the good morals of the people, or if it provides that the property relations between the spouses are to be governed by the law of another country.

Full text

If the spouses have not made a special agreement concerning property before marriage, the property relations between the spouses shall be governed by the provisions of this Chapter. Any clause in a prenuptial agreement that is contrary to public order or the good morals of the people, or that provides for the law of another country to govern that property, is void.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Our annotated sectionOfficial text

Section 1469Amended on 23 January 2025

Full text

Any agreement concerning property which the spouses have made with each other during the time they are spouses may be avoided by either of them at any time while they are spouses, or within one year from the day on which they ceased to be spouses; but this does not affect the rights of third persons who have acted in good faith.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Our annotated sectionOfficial text

Section 1490Amended on 23 January 2025

A debt incurred by one spouse alone during the marriage is also a joint debt in these four cases: debts for managing the household and providing the family's necessaries, maintenance and medical care, and the children's education, as suits the family's condition in life; debts connected with the marital property; debts arising from a business the spouses carry on TOGETHER; and a debt one spouse incurred for their own benefit alone which the other has since ratified.

Full text

Debts for which the spouses are jointly liable include the following debts incurred by either spouse during the marriage: (1) debts concerning the management of the household and the provision of necessaries for the family, the maintenance and medical treatment of members of the family, and the education of the children, as is appropriate to their condition in life; (2) debts connected with the marital property; (3) debts arising from a business carried on by the spouses together; (4) debts incurred by one spouse for that spouse's own benefit alone, but ratified by the other.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Our annotated sectionOfficial text

ไทย

มาตรา 1474

ข้อความเต็ม

สินสมรสได้แก่ทรัพย์สิน (๑) ที่คู่สมรสได้มาระหว่างสมรส (๒) ที่ฝ่ายใดฝ่ายหนึ่งได้มาระหว่างสมรสโดยพินัยกรรมหรือโดยการให้เป็นหนังสือเมื่อพินัยกรรมหรือหนังสือยกให้ระบุว่าเป็นสินสมรส (๓) ที่เป็นดอกผลของสินส่วนตัว ถ้ากรณีเป็นที่สงสัยว่าทรัพย์สินอย่างหนึ่งเป็นสินสมรสหรือมิใช่ ให้สันนิษฐานไว้ก่อนว่าเป็นสินสมรส

ตรงตามข้อความในราชกิจจานุเบกษา / สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

มาตราพร้อมหมายเหตุของเราข้อความทางการ

มาตรา 1471

ข้อความเต็ม

สินส่วนตัวได้แก่ทรัพย์สิน (๑) ที่ฝ่ายใดฝ่ายหนึ่งมีอยู่ก่อนสมรส (๒) ที่เป็นเครื่องใช้สอยส่วนตัว เครื่องแต่งกาย หรือเครื่องประดับกายตามควรแก่ฐานะ หรือเครื่องมือเครื่องใช้ที่จำเป็นในการประกอบอาชีพหรือวิชาชีพของคู่สมรสฝ่ายใดฝ่ายหนึ่ง (๓) ที่ฝ่ายใดฝ่ายหนึ่งได้มาระหว่างสมรสโดยการรับมรดกหรือโดยการให้โดยเสน่หา (๔) ที่เป็นของหมั้น

ตรงตามข้อความในราชกิจจานุเบกษา / สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

มาตราพร้อมหมายเหตุของเราข้อความทางการ

มาตรา 1470แก้ไขเมื่อ 23 มกราคม 2568

ข้อความเต็ม

ทรัพย์สินระหว่างคู่สมรส นอกจากที่ได้แยกไว้เป็นสินส่วนตัวย่อมเป็นสินสมรส

ตรงตามข้อความในราชกิจจานุเบกษา / สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

มาตราพร้อมหมายเหตุของเราข้อความทางการ

มาตรา 1476แก้ไขเมื่อ 23 มกราคม 2568

ข้อความเต็ม

คู่สมรสต้องจัดการสินสมรสร่วมกันหรือได้รับความยินยอมจากอีกฝ่ายหนึ่งในกรณีดังต่อไปนี้ (๑) ขาย แลกเปลี่ยน ขายฝาก ให้เช่าซื้อ จำนอง ปลดจำนอง หรือโอนสิทธิจำนอง ซึ่งอสังหาริมทรัพย์หรือสังหาริมทรัพย์ที่อาจจำนองได้ (๒) ก่อตั้งหรือกระทำให้สุดสิ้นลงทั้งหมดหรือบางส่วนซึ่งภาระจำยอม สิทธิอาศัย สิทธิเหนือพื้นดิน สิทธิเก็บกิน หรือภาระติดพันในอสังหาริมทรัพย์ (๓) ให้เช่าอสังหาริมทรัพย์เกินสามปี (๔) ให้กู้ยืมเงิน (๕) ให้โดยเสน่หา เว้นแต่การให้ที่พอควรแก่ฐานานุรูปของครอบครัวเพื่อการกุศล เพื่อการสังคม หรือตามหน้าที่ธรรมจรรยา (๖) ประนีประนอมยอมความ (๗) มอบข้อพิพาทให้อนุญาโตตุลาการวินิจฉัย (๘) นำทรัพย์สินไปเป็นประกันหรือหลักประกันต่อเจ้าพนักงานหรือศาล การจัดการสินสมรสนอกจากกรณีที่บัญญัติไว้ในวรรคหนึ่ง คู่สมรสฝ่ายใดฝ่ายหนึ่งจัดการได้โดยมิต้องได้รับความยินยอมจากอีกฝ่ายหนึ่ง

ตรงตามข้อความในราชกิจจานุเบกษา / สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

มาตราพร้อมหมายเหตุของเราข้อความทางการ

มาตรา 1480

ข้อความเต็ม

การจัดการสินสมรสซึ่งต้องจัดการร่วมกันหรือต้องได้รับความยินยอมจากอีกฝ่ายหนึ่งตามมาตรา ๑๔๗๖ ถ้าคู่สมรสฝ่ายหนึ่งได้ทำนิติกรรมไปแต่เพียงฝ่ายเดียว หรือโดยปราศจากความยินยอมของคู่สมรสอีกฝ่ายหนึ่ง คู่สมรสอีกฝ่ายหนึ่งอาจฟ้องให้ศาลเพิกถอนนิติกรรมนั้นได้ เว้นแต่คู่สมรสอีกฝ่ายหนึ่งได้ให้สัตยาบันแก่นิติกรรมนั้นแล้ว หรือในขณะที่ทำนิติกรรมนั้นบุคคลภายนอกได้กระทำโดยสุจริตและเสียค่าตอบแทน การฟ้องให้ศาลเพิกถอนนิติกรรมตามวรรคหนึ่ง ห้ามมิให้ฟ้องเมื่อพ้นหนึ่งปี นับแต่วันที่ได้รู้เหตุอันเป็นมูลให้เพิกถอนหรือเมื่อพ้นสิบปีนับแต่วันที่ได้ทำนิติกรรมนั้น

ตรงตามข้อความในราชกิจจานุเบกษา / สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

มาตราพร้อมหมายเหตุของเราข้อความทางการ

มาตรา 1465แก้ไขเมื่อ 23 มกราคม 2568

ข้อความเต็ม

ถ้าคู่สมรสมิได้ทำสัญญากันไว้ในเรื่องทรัพย์สินเป็นพิเศษก่อนสมรส ความสัมพันธ์ระหว่างคู่สมรสในเรื่องทรัพย์สินนั้น ให้บังคับตามบทบัญญัติในหมวดนี้ ถ้าข้อความใดในสัญญาก่อนสมรสขัดต่อความสงบเรียบร้อยหรือศีลธรรมอันดีของประชาชน หรือระบุให้ใช้กฎหมายประเทศอื่นบังคับเรื่องทรัพย์สินนั้น ข้อความนั้น ๆ เป็นโมฆะ

ตรงตามข้อความในราชกิจจานุเบกษา / สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

มาตราพร้อมหมายเหตุของเราข้อความทางการ

มาตรา 1469แก้ไขเมื่อ 23 มกราคม 2568

ข้อความเต็ม

สัญญาที่เกี่ยวกับทรัพย์สินใดที่คู่สมรสได้ทำไว้ต่อกันในระหว่างเป็นคู่สมรสกันนั้น ฝ่ายใดฝ่ายหนึ่งจะบอกล้างเสียในเวลาใดที่เป็นคู่สมรสกันอยู่หรือภายในกำหนดหนึ่งปีนับแต่วันที่ขาดจากการเป็นคู่สมรสกันก็ได้ แต่ไม่กระทบกระเทือนถึงสิทธิของบุคคลภายนอกผู้ทำการโดยสุจริต

ตรงตามข้อความในราชกิจจานุเบกษา / สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

มาตราพร้อมหมายเหตุของเราข้อความทางการ

มาตรา 1490แก้ไขเมื่อ 23 มกราคม 2568

ข้อความเต็ม

หนี้ที่คู่สมรสเป็นลูกหนี้ร่วมกันนั้นให้รวมถึงหนี้ที่คู่สมรสฝ่ายใดฝ่ายหนึ่งก่อให้เกิดขึ้นในระหว่างสมรสดังต่อไปนี้ (๑) หนี้เกี่ยวแก่การจัดการบ้านเรือนและจัดหาสิ่งจำเป็นสำหรับครอบครัว การอุปการะเลี้ยงดูตลอดถึงการรักษาพยาบาลบุคคลในครอบครัวและการศึกษาของบุตรตามสมควรแก่อัตภาพ (๒) หนี้ที่เกี่ยวข้องกับสินสมรส (๓) หนี้ที่เกิดขึ้นเนื่องจากการงานซึ่งคู่สมรสทำด้วยกัน (๔) หนี้ที่คู่สมรสฝ่ายใดฝ่ายหนึ่งก่อขึ้นเพื่อประโยชน์ตนฝ่ายเดียว แต่อีกฝ่ายหนึ่งได้ให้สัตยาบัน

ตรงตามข้อความในราชกิจจานุเบกษา / สำนักงานคณะกรรมการกฤษฎีกา (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

มาตราพร้อมหมายเหตุของเราข้อความทางการ

Français

Article 1474

Article 1474. Sont biens communs les biens : (1) acquis par les époux pendant le mariage ; (2) acquis par l'un des époux pendant le mariage par testament ou par donation écrite, lorsque le testament ou l'acte de donation précise qu'il s'agit de biens communs ; (3) qui sont les fruits des biens propres. En cas de doute sur le point de savoir si un bien est commun ou non, il est présumé commun.

résumé non officiel

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Article 1471

Article 1471. Sont biens propres les biens : (1) qu'un époux possédait avant le mariage ; (2) qui sont des objets d'usage personnel, des vêtements ou des parures convenant à sa condition, ou des outils et instruments nécessaires à l'exercice du métier ou de la profession de l'un des époux ; (3) qu'un époux a acquis pendant le mariage par succession ou par donation ; (4) qui constituent des biens remis à titre de fiançailles.

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Article 1470Modifié le 23 janvier 2025

Les biens des époux, hormis ceux qui sont réservés comme biens propres, sont des biens communs.

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Article 1476Modifié le 23 janvier 2025

Article 1476. Les époux doivent gérer conjointement les biens communs, ou avec le consentement de l'autre époux, dans les cas suivants : (1) vendre, échanger, vendre avec faculté de rachat, donner en location-vente, hypothéquer, donner mainlevée d'une hypothèque ou céder une hypothèque, lorsque l'acte porte sur un immeuble ou sur un meuble susceptible d'hypothèque ; (2) constituer, ou éteindre en tout ou en partie, une servitude, un droit d'habitation, un droit de superficie, un usufruit ou une charge grevant un immeuble ; (3) donner à bail un immeuble pour une durée supérieure à trois ans ; (4) consentir un prêt d'argent ; (5) faire une donation, sauf la donation proportionnée au rang social de la famille faite dans un but charitable, dans un but social ou en exécution d'un devoir moral ; (6) transiger ; (7) soumettre un litige à l'arbitrage ; (8) remettre des biens en garantie ou en sûreté auprès d'un agent public ou d'un tribunal. Dans les cas autres que ceux prévus à l'alinéa premier, la gestion des biens communs peut être assurée par l'un ou l'autre des époux sans le consentement de l'autre.

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Article 1480

Article 1480. Lorsque la gestion des biens communs doit être assurée conjointement, ou requiert le consentement de l'autre époux, en vertu de l'article 1476, et que l'un des époux a accompli un acte juridique seul ou sans le consentement de l'autre époux, ce dernier peut demander en justice la révocation de cet acte, à moins qu'il ne l'ait ratifié ou que le tiers, au moment où l'acte a été accompli, n'ait agi de bonne foi et à titre onéreux. L'action en révocation prévue à l'alinéa premier ne peut plus être intentée après l'expiration d'un délai d'un an à compter du jour où la cause de la révocation a été connue, ou de dix ans à compter du jour où l'acte a été accompli.

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Article 1465Modifié le 23 janvier 2025

Si les époux n'ont pas conclu, avant le mariage, de convention particulière relative à leurs biens, les rapports patrimoniaux entre époux sont régis par les dispositions du présent chapitre. Toute clause d'un contrat de mariage contraire à l'ordre public ou aux bonnes moeurs, ou prévoyant que la loi d'un autre pays régira ces biens, est nulle.

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Article 1469Modifié le 23 janvier 2025

Tout contrat portant sur des biens que les époux ont conclu entre eux pendant le mariage peut être annulé par l'un ou l'autre d'entre eux à tout moment tant qu'ils demeurent époux, ou dans le délai d'un an à compter du jour où ils ont cessé d'être époux ; toutefois, cette annulation ne porte pas atteinte aux droits des tiers qui ont agi de bonne foi.

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Article 1490Modifié le 23 janvier 2025

Les dettes dont les époux sont codébiteurs comprennent les dettes contractées par l'un d'eux pendant le mariage : (1) pour la gestion du ménage et les besoins de la famille, l'entretien, les soins médicaux des membres de la famille et l'éducation des enfants, selon leur condition ; (2) liées aux biens communs ; (3) nées d'une activité exercée ensemble par les époux ; (4) contractées par l'un dans son seul intérêt mais ratifiées par l'autre.

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Supreme Court decisions

• 3122/2564 (2021): Commercial Leasehold Acquired by a Spouse During Marriage is Presumed Sin Somros Under Section 1474 paragraph two
• 2236/2562 (2019): Cooperative Shares Bought via Salary Deduction During Marriage are Sin Somros
• 372/2567 (2024): Land Given by a Parent During the Marriage Is Sin Suan Tua and Cannot Be Seized for the Other Spouse's Debt
• 186/2565 (2022): Land Given by One Spouse to the Other Without 'Sin Somros' Designation Becomes the Recipient's Separate Property
• 1296/2558 (2015): Built Before Registration: Not Marital Property, but Co-owned
• 337/2530 (1987): Interspousal Gift: Marital to Personal Property Conversion

Sources

• Civil and Commercial Code, Office of the Council of State, retrieved 31 October 2026
• deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), retrieved 19 February 2026

Commercial and Civil Code of Thailand

Book V : Family (click here for complete book about Family in PDF)

Title I : Marriage

Chapter 4: Property of Spouses

Section 1465. Property

Where spouses have not, before the marriage, concluded a special agreement concerning property, the relations between them as regards their property are governed by the provisions of this Chapter. Any clause in a prenuptial agreement that is contrary to public order or to the good morals of the people, or that provides that the relations between them as regards that property are to be governed by the law of another country, is void.

Section 1466. Void Prenuptial Agreement

A prenuptial agreement is void unless, at the time the marriage is registered, either its terms are entered in the marriage register, or it is made in writing and signed by both spouses and at least two witnesses and the marriage register records that it is annexed.

Section 1467. No Alteration of Prenuptial Agreement

After marriage the prenuptial agreement cannot be altered or revoked except with the permission of the Court. When there is final order of the Court to effect the alteration or cancellation of the prenuptial agreement, the Court shall notify the Marriage Registrar of the matter in order to have it entered in the Marriage Register.

Section 1468. Prenuptial Agreements have no effect on Good Faith Third Parties

Clauses in the prenuptial agreement shall have no effect as regards the rights of third persons acting in good faith irrespective of whether they be altered or cancelled by the order of the Court.

Section 1469. Agreements can be Voided

An agreement concerning property made between spouses during the time they are spouses may be avoided by either of them at any time while they are spouses, or within one year from the day they ceased to be spouses; but this does not affect the rights of third persons acting in good faith.

Section 1470. Marital Property

Property between spouses, other than that set apart as personal property, is marital property.

Section 1471. Separate Property

Sin Suan Tua (Separate Property) consists of:

1. property belonging to either spouse before marriage
2. property for personal use, dress or ornament suitable for station in life, or tools necessary for carrying on the profession of either spouse
3. property acquired by either spouse during marriage by inheritance or by gratuitous gift
4. Khongman (Engagement Property).

Section 1472. Separate Property exchanged for other property

As regards to Sin Suan Tua, if it has been exchanged to other property, other property has been bought or money has been acquired from selling it, such other property or money acquired shall be Sin Suan Tua.

Where the Sin Suan Tua has been totally or partly destroyed but replaced by other property or the money, such other property shall be Sin Suan Tua.

Section 1473. Each spouse is manager of his or her Sin Suan Tua.

Section 1474. Marital Property

Sin Somros consists of:

1. property acquired during marriage;
2. property acquired by either spouse during marriage through a will or a gift made in writing if it is declared by such will or document of gift to be Sin Somros (Marital Assets);
3. fruits of Sin Suan Tua.

In case of doubt as to whether a property in Sin Somros or not shall be presumed to be Sin Somros.

Section 1475. Entering a Spouse as Co-owner

If any marital property is of a kind specified in Section 456 of this Code, or is evidenced by a document, either spouse may apply to have their own name entered as a co-owner in that document.

Section 1476. Managing Marital Property

Spouses must manage the marital property jointly, or with the consent of the other, in the following cases: (1) selling, exchanging, selling with a right of redemption, letting on hire purchase, mortgaging, discharging a mortgage, or transferring the right of mortgage, of immovable property or of movable property which may be mortgaged; (2) creating or extinguishing, in whole or in part, a servitude, a right of habitation, a superficies, a usufruct, or a charge on immovable property; (3) letting immovable property for more than three years; (4) lending money; (5) making a gift, except a gift appropriate to the family’s condition in life for a charitable purpose, a social purpose, or a moral obligation; (6) making a compromise; (7) submitting a dispute to arbitration; (8) giving property as security or as a guarantee to an official or to a court. Management of the marital property other than in the cases in paragraph one may be carried out by either spouse without the consent of the other.

Section 1476/1. Prenuptial Agreement

Spouses may manage the marital property differently from Section 1476, in whole or in part, only where they have made a prenuptial agreement as provided in Section 1465 and Section 1466. In that case the management of the marital property follows the prenuptial agreement. Where the prenuptial agreement provides for the management of only part of the matters in Section 1476, the management of the marital property outside what the agreement provides follows Section 1476.

Section 1477. Litigation of Marital Property

Either spouse is entitled to litigate, defend, take legal proceedings concerning maintenance of the Sin Somros or for the benefit of the Sin Somros. Debts incurred by the said litigation, defense and legal proceedings shall be regarded as the obligation to be performed jointly by the spouses.

Section 1478. Litigation for Consent

Where one spouse has to give consent or to affix a signature together with the other in the management of the property, but unreasonably refuses to give such consent or to affix such signature, or is not in a position to give such consent, the latter may apply to the Court for an order granting the necessary permission.

Section 1479. Consent Requirements

Where an act by either spouse requires the consent of the other spouse, and if such act is required by law to be made in writing or registered by the competent official, such consent must be given in writing.

Section 1480. Acting on Marital Property without Consent

In the management of the Sin Somros which has to be made jointly or has to obtain the consent from the other spouse under Section 1476, if either spouse has entered into any juristic act alone or without consent of the other, the latter may apply in Court for revoking such juristic act, unless it has been ratified by the other spouse, or the third person was at the time of entering into such juristic act, acting in good faith and make the counter-payment.

The litigation for revocation of the juristic act by the Court under paragraph one cannot be made later than one year from the day when such cause as being the ground for the revocation is known, or later than ten years since the juristic act was done.

Section 1481. Unfair Disposal of Marital Property

Neither spouse is entitled to dispose of the Sin Somros by will in favor of the other persons to an extent exceeding his or her own portion thereof.

Section 1482. Sole Management of Marital Property

In case either spouse is the sole manager of the Sin Somros, the other spouse is nevertheless entitled to manage household affairs and provide for the necessaries of the family as is reasonable for its station in life, and the expenses would bind the Sin Somros and Sin Suan Tua of both parties.

If such management of household affairs or provision for the necessaries of the family by either spouse results in the undue loss, the other spouse may apply to the Court to forbid or limit the power of that spouse.

Section 1483. Unnecessary Acts

In case either spouse is the sole manager of the Sin Somros, if the manager is going to commit or is committing any act in the management of the Sin Somros which would appear to result in undue loss, the other spouse may apply to the Court for an order forbidding commission of such act.

Section 1484. Duties of the Manager of Marital Property

If either spouse who is the manager of Sin Somros:

1. causes undue loss to it;
2. fails to support the other spouse;
3. becomes insolvent or incurs debts to an amount exceeding one half of the Sin Somros;
4. hinders the management of Sin Somros by the other spouse without reasonable ground;
5. is found to have circumstances that will ruin the Sin Somros;

The other spouse may apply to the Court for an order authorizing him or her to be the sole manager or dividing the Sin Somros.

In case there is an application is made under paragraph one, the Court may determine temporary protective measures in the management of the Sin Somros. If that is the case of emergency, the provisions on the request in case of emergency under the Civil Procedure Code shall apply.

Section 1484/1. Revocation of Limits to Management Powers

In case where there has been an order of the Court forbidding or limiting the power of either spouse to manage the Sin Somros, if the cause which was the ground for the Court order or the circumstances have later changed, either spouse may apply to the Court revocation or change of the order forbidding or limiting the power to manage the Sin Somros. The Court in this effect may give any order which is deemed suitable.

Section 1485. Court Appointment to Manage Marital Property

Either spouse may apply to the court to be the manager of any particular item of marital property, or to take part in its management, if to do so would be more beneficial.

Section 1486. Court Orders Entered in the Marriage Register

When a judgment or order of the court has become final under Section 1482 paragraph two, Section 1483, Section 1484, Section 1484/1 or Section 1485 in favour of the applicant, or under Section 1491, Section 1492/1 or Section 1598/17, or when a spouse ceases to be bankrupt, the court shall notify the registrar so that it may be entered in the marriage register.

Section 1487. Seizure of Property

While they are spouses, neither may seize or attach the property of the other, except a seizure or attachment of property in an action brought to perform a duty or to preserve a right between spouses as specially provided in this Code, or which this Code specially provides that spouses may bring against each other, or a seizure or attachment of property for maintenance and costs not yet paid under a judgment of the court.

Section 1488. Personal Liability to Perform

Where either spouse is personally liable to perform an obligation incurred before or during marriage, such performance shall be first made out of his or her Sin Suan Tua; if the obligation is not performed in full, it shall be satisfied out of his or her portion of the Sin Somros.

Section 1489. Collection of Debt from both Marital and Separate Property

Where both spouses are common debtors, the performance shall be made out of the Sin Somros and the Sin Suan Tua of both spouses.

Section 1490.

Debts that both spouses are jointly liable to perform, shall include the following debts incurred by either spouse during marriage:

1. debts incurred in connection with management of household affairs and providing for the necessaries of the family, or maintenance, medical expenses of the household and for proper education of the children;
2. debts incurred in connection with the Sin Somros;
3. debts incurred in connection with a business carried on by the spouses in common;
4. debts incurred by either spouse only for his or her own benefit but ratified by the other.

Section 1491. Bankruptcy of a Spouse

If either spouse is adjudged bankrupt, the Sin Somros is divided by operation of law as from the date of adjudication.

Section 1492. Division of Marital Property

When the marital property has been separated under Section 1484 paragraph two, Section 1491 or Section 1598/17 paragraph two, the separated part becomes the personal property of each spouse, and any property acquired afterwards by either of them is not marital property but is the personal property of that spouse. Marital property acquired afterwards by the spouses under a will, or under a gift in writing under Section 1474 (2), becomes the personal property of each spouse in equal halves. The fruits of personal property acquired after the separation of the marital property are personal property.

Section 1492/1. Court Order Division of Marital Property

In case the division of the Sin Somros is made by the order of the Court, the revocation of the division shall be made upon the request of either spouse and the Court has given the order to that effect. If either spouse raises an objection to such request, the Court cannot give an order for the revocation of the division of the Sin Somros unless the cause for division of the Sin Somros has ceased to exist.

After the division of the Sin Somros under paragraph one having been revoked, or suspended due to either spouse having been relieved from being bankrupt, the property which is the Sin Suan Tua on the date of the order of the Court, or on the date of his or her relieving from being bankrupt shall remain the same as Sin Suan Tua.

Section 1493. Liability for Household Expenses

Where there is no longer any Sin Somros, both spouses are liable to pay for the household expenses in proportion to the amount of their respective Sin Suan Tua.

Last reviewed: 27 September 2026. Civil and Commercial Code sections 1465 to 1493 were read in Thai against the English on this page, which is our own translation, and corrected where it did not match. The two Supreme Court decisions at the top of the page were reviewed separately on their own pages.

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