Section 49: Court report as prima facie evidence
Statutory text (Thai original)
ในส่วนที่เกี่ยวด้วยคำแถลงหรือคำคัดค้านของคู่ความ หรือคำให้การของพยานหรือผู้เชี่ยวชาญหรือข้อตกลงในการสละสิทธิของคู่ความนั้น ให้ถือว่ารายงานของศาลเป็นพยานหลักฐานเบื้องต้นได้ต่อเมื่อศาลได้อ่านให้คู่ความหรือบุคคลที่เกี่ยวข้องฟังและได้จดลงไว้ซึ่งข้อแก้ไขเพิ่มเติมตามที่ขอร้องหรือที่ชี้แจงใหม่ ทั้งคู่ความหรือบุคคลนั้น ๆ ได้ลงลายมือชื่อไว้เป็นสำคัญ
English translation
As regards the statements or objections of the parties, the testimony of witnesses or experts, or an agreement by a party to waive a right, the report of the court shall be deemed to be prima facie evidence only where the court has read it out to the parties or the persons concerned and has recorded the corrections or additions requested or newly explained, and where those parties or persons have signed it as authentication.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 49 sets the conditions under which the court's report acquires evidentiary weight for what was said or agreed in court. For statements or objections of parties, testimony of witnesses or experts, or an agreement to waive a right, the report is prima facie evidence only if three conditions are met: the court read it out to the parties or persons concerned, it recorded any corrections or additions they requested or newly explained, and those persons signed it. This provision works directly with the recording duty in section 48: section 48 requires the record to be made, and section 49 fixes when that record can be relied on as evidence of its content. A properly read and signed record can, for example, fix a party to a waiver of defences made through counsel in open court.
Why this matters in practice
Anything you or your lawyer state, agree, or waive in open court can come back as evidence against you if the court reads it out, notes it, and you sign, so treat every in-court statement as if it will be held to. Before signing a hearing record, check it carefully and ask for corrections if it does not reflect what you actually said; those corrections must be recorded. This is especially important for waivers and admissions, which can decide the case. Because a single recorded concession can be binding, do not agree to anything in court that you have not thought through with a Thai lawyer.
Supreme Court decisions interpreting this section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 987/2541 (1998)
Where the parties make a statement in court, the court records it in the report of proceedings, reads the report to the parties, and counsel signs it, the report is prima facie evidence that the proceedings took place as recorded, under section 49. That is the whole of section 49's work here. Where the recorded statement is that a party abandons every defence in its answer save one, the effect of that statement is an admission of the facts pleaded, and it is section 84(1) that relieves the other party of having to prove them.
Before the day fixed for taking evidence, in a case in which the first defendant was in default of answer, counsel for the plaintiff and counsel for the second and third defendants attended and jointly stated that the case was very nearly settled, asked for a postponement to record the settlement at the next hearing, and said that the second and third defendants were content to abandon every defence in their answer save the single issue of damages, which alone they would contest if no settlement was reached. The trial court recorded that in the report of proceedings and read it to the parties, and counsel for the second and third defendants signed it. The Supreme Court held that the report was accordingly prima facie evidence under section 49, and that the statement amounted to an abandonment of the other defences, including the defence that the first defendant was not the second defendant's employee acting in the course of employment, so that under section 84(1) the plaintiff no longer had to prove that fact.
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.
Cited in 5 Supreme Court decisions (1947 to 2020)
Selected citing decisions
- Decision 987/2541 (1998)
- Decision 354/2511 (1968)
- Decision 5187/2538 (1995)
- Decision 616/2490 (1947)
- Decision 8368/2563 (2020)
This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.
Counted across the firm's corpus of 83,652 Supreme Court decisions, 1921 to 2026. The count is complete; the stated year range trims rare outliers so it describes where the citations actually sit. These figures are computed by us and are not official court statistics. How we count these, and what we measured
Frequently asked questions
When does a court record count as evidence of what was said in court?
Under section 49, the court's report of statements, testimony, or a waiver is prima facie evidence only if the court read it out to those concerned, recorded any corrections or additions they asked for, and had them sign it.
Can I be bound by a waiver my lawyer states in court?
Yes. If your counsel waives defences in open court and the court records the statement, reads it out, and it is signed, section 49 can make that record prima facie evidence of the waiver, binding your side.
Related guides on ThaiLawOnline
Cite this section
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Plain citation
Civil Procedure Code, s. 49 (Thailand) -
Academic citation
Civil Procedure Code (Thailand), s. 49. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-49/ (accessed 1 September 2026). -
Thai citation
ป.วิ.พ. มาตรา 49 -
Permalink
https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-49/ -
Embed on your site
<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-49/"><p>As regards the statements or objections of the parties, the testimony of witnesses or experts, or an agreement by a party to waive a right, the report of the court shall be deemed to be prima facie evidence only where the court has read it…</p><footer>Civil Procedure Code, s. 49 (Thailand): <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-49/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.