Section 340/3: Aggravated robbery and gang-robbery
Statutory text (Thai original)
ผู้ใดกระทำความผิดตามมาตรา ๓๓๙ มาตรา ๓๓๙ ทวิ มาตรา ๓๔๐ หรือมาตรา ๓๔๐ ทวิ โดยแต่งเครื่องแบบทหารหรือตำรวจหรือแต่งกายให้เข้าใจว่าเป็นทหารหรือตำรวจ หรือโดยมีหรือใช้อาวุธปืนหรือวัตถุระเบิด หรือโดยใช้ยานพาหนะเพื่อกระทำผิด หรือพาทรัพย์นั้นไป หรือเพื่อให้พ้นการจับกุม ต้องระวางโทษหนักกว่าที่บัญญัติไว้ในมาตรานั้น ๆ กึ่งหนึ่ง
English translation
Whoever commits an offence under Section 339, Section 339 bis, Section 340 or Section 340 bis while wearing a military or police uniform, or dressed so as to be taken for a soldier or a police officer, or while carrying or using a firearm or an explosive, or by using a vehicle to commit the offence, to carry away the property, or to escape arrest, shall be liable to a punishment one half heavier than that prescribed for the offence concerned.
ThaiLawOnline translation, written from the Thai original and verified
Firm annotation
Section 340 ter is a penalty-enhancement provision in Book II, Title XII, Chapter II. It does not create a standalone offence; instead it raises the penalty by one half for the underlying offences of robbery (Section 339), robbery of religious property (Section 339 bis), gang-robbery (Section 340), and gang-robbery of religious property (Section 340 bis) whenever one of the listed aggravating circumstances is present. The three triggers are impersonation of a soldier or police officer, possession or use of a firearm or explosive, and use of a vehicle to commit the offence, carry away the property, or escape arrest. Because it operates on top of the base sections, it stacks with their internal tiers rather than replacing them, and it is charged in combination with the substantive robbery section.
Why this matters in practice
In practice Section 340 ter is very commonly charged alongside robbery and gang-robbery, because vehicles and firearms feature in a large share of such cases; the vehicle trigger is satisfied even where the vehicle is used only to flee or to carry the property away. The one-half increase applies to the specific tier of the base section that is proven, so the arithmetic effect can be substantial. It is not a recidivism enhancement and is applied to the statutory penalty of the underlying offence. Anyone facing a robbery charge that adds Section 340 ter should seek legal advice on both the base offence and the aggravator.
Supreme Court decisions interpreting this section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 811/2568 (2025)
Using a vehicle to commit the offence, carry away the property, or escape arrest brings robbery within Section 340 ter, raising the penalty by one half.
The court characterised the offence as robbery committed by concealing identity and by using a vehicle to commit the offence, carry away the property, or escape arrest, under Section 339 paragraph two together with Section 340 ter, and sentenced accordingly.
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.
Cited in 484 Supreme Court decisions (1975 to 2025)
Selected citing decisions
- Decision 811/2568 (2025)
- Decision 81/2564 (2021)
- Decision 415/2560 (2017)
- Decision 9647/2559 (2016)
- Decision 12079/2558 (2015)
- Decision 5411/2558 (2015)
- Decision 22246/2555 (2012)
- Decision 19406/2555 (2012)
This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.
Most often cited alongside
- Section 83 361
- Section 340 314
- Section 78 245
- Section 91 215
- Section 339 207
- Section 289 127
Sections that appear in the same judgments as this one most often. The figure is the number of decisions.
Counted across the firm's corpus of 83,652 Supreme Court decisions, 1921 to 2026. The count is complete; the stated year range trims rare outliers so it describes where the citations actually sit. These figures are computed by us and are not official court statistics. How we count these, and what we measured
Frequently asked questions
Is Section 340/3 a separate crime?
No. Section 340 ter is an aggravating provision. It raises the penalty by one half for robbery under Section 339, robbery of religious property under Section 339 bis, gang-robbery under Section 340, or gang-robbery of religious property under Section 340 bis, and is always charged together with one of those base sections.
Does using a motorbike only to escape trigger Section 340/3?
Yes. The vehicle trigger is satisfied where a vehicle is used to commit the offence, to carry away the property, or to escape arrest. Using a vehicle only to flee the scene is enough to bring the one-half penalty increase into play.
Related guides on ThaiLawOnline
Cite this section
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Plain citation
Penal Code, s. 340/3 (Thailand) -
Academic citation
Penal Code (Thailand), s. 340/3. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-penal-code/section-340-3/ (accessed 17 August 2026). -
Thai citation
ป.อ. มาตรา 340/3 -
Permalink
https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-penal-code/section-340-3/ -
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<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-penal-code/section-340-3/"><p>Whoever commits an offence under Section 339, Section 339 bis, Section 340 or Section 340 bis while wearing a military or police uniform, or dressed so as to be taken for a soldier or a police officer, or while carrying or using a firearm or…</p><footer>Penal Code, s. 340/3 (Thailand) — <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-penal-code/section-340-3/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.