Whenever an offence is committed by the act of two or more persons, each person who has committed the offence together shall be deemed a principal and shall be liable to the punishment provided by law for such offence.
Section 83 makes everyone who jointly commits an offence a principal, liable to the full penalty as if acting alone — central to group crimes and to nominee / Foreign Business Act cases, where the foreigner and the Thai parties are charged together.
Co-principal liability needs a shared act AND shared intent, each aware of the others' conduct. In nominee cases the Foreign Business Act offence is charged 'read with §83' against the foreigner and the Thai shareholders together (e.g. Dika 3618/2566).
The defendant was accused of aiding others in attempted murder. The defendant parked a vehicle as a lookout approximately 200 meters from the crime scene and could not see the actual location. The Supreme Court distinguished between joint perpetrator status under Section 83 and accomplice liability under Section 86. Merely providing logistical support (transportation, lookout duty) without direct participation in the violent act constitutes accomplice liability, not joint perpetration, resulting in a reduced sentence of two-thirds of the penalty.
The defendant was accused of aiding others in attempted murder. The defendant parked a vehicle as a lookout approximately 200 meters from the crime scene and could not see the actual location. The Supreme Court distinguished between joint perpetrator status under Section 83 and accomplice liability under Section 86. Merely providing logistical support (transportation, lookout duty) without direct participation in the violent act constitutes accomplice liability, not joint perpetration, resulting in a reduced sentence of two-thirds of the penalty.
Three defendants acted together to rob a gold shop, with one threatening the shop owner, another collecting the gold, and the third serving as lookout. The Supreme Court convicted all three of gang robbery under Section 340 bis. The Court held that gang robbery is established when three or more persons act together in the commission of a robbery. Each participant need not personally use force or carry weapons; it is sufficient that they act in concert pursuant to a common plan. The roles of each participant may differ, but all are equally liable as principals in the offense when they act as part of a joint enterprise.
gang robbery, three or more persons, joint enterprise, common plan, principal offendersปล้นทรัพย์, บุคคลตั้งแต่สามคนขึ้นไป, กิจการร่วม, แผนร่วม, ตัวการร่วม
Three defendants acted together to rob a gold shop, with one threatening the shop owner, another collecting the gold, and the third serving as lookout. The Supreme Court convicted all three of gang robbery under Section 340 bis. The Court held that gang robbery is established when three or more persons act together in the commission of a robbery. Each participant need not personally use force or carry weapons; it is sufficient that they act in concert pursuant to a common plan. The roles of each participant may differ, but all are equally liable as principals in the offense when they act as part of a joint enterprise.
gang robbery, three or more persons, joint enterprise, common plan, principal offendersปล้นทรัพย์, บุคคลตั้งแต่สามคนขึ้นไป, กิจการร่วม, แผนร่วม, ตัวการร่วม
The defendant shot the victim, severing the spinal cord. The victim became paralyzed and died 9 months later from infection resulting from the wound. The Supreme Court held that the death was a natural and direct consequence of the shooting. A delay in death does not break the chain of causation where the death results from complications of the original injury, even if poor medical treatment contributed to the infection.
The defendant shot the victim, severing the spinal cord. The victim became paralyzed and died 9 months later from infection resulting from the wound. The Supreme Court held that the death was a natural and direct consequence of the shooting. A delay in death does not break the chain of causation where the death results from complications of the original injury, even if poor medical treatment contributed to the infection.
Disclaimer: The English translation is unofficial and for informational purposes only. The authoritative text is in Thai as published in the Royal Thai Government Gazette (Ratchakitchanubeksa).ข้อสงวนสิทธิ์: คำแปลภาษาอังกฤษเป็นคำแปลอย่างไม่เป็นทางการ เพื่อวัตถุประสงค์ในการให้ข้อมูลเท่านั้น ข้อความที่เป็นทางการเป็นภาษาไทยตามที่ประกาศในราชกิจจานุเบกษา
