The Foreign Business Act in Thailand: What Foreigners May and May Not Do

Reviewed by Wichuda Atthamethakon, LL.M., Thai Bar Licence 3149/2556, for ThaiLawOnline, a Thai law firm acting for foreigners since 2006.

Edited by Sebastien H. Brousseau, LL.B., B.Sc. Last updated 6 November 2026.
Update log
  • 2 November 2026: Added the statute box with Thai, English and French text and checked the page against the official text

Licence exemptions: check the activity first

The official text of Ministerial Regulation No. 5 B.E. 2569, published on 28 August 2026, adds two securities services and six further service categories to the exemptions and revises the derivatives provision. The eight additions are securities-purchase lending; reverse repurchase transactions; qualifying Type 1 telecommunications; treasury centres; qualifying intra-group administration, HR and IT; qualifying intra-group domestic debt guarantees; employee-service machine space rental; and petroleum drilling under a direct qualifying contract. Derivatives changes are a separate revision to an existing provision. The conditions matter: an exemption from the Foreign Business Act licence requirement does not remove a sector licence or authorise an unrelated activity.

For intra-group administration, HR and IT and domestic guarantees, check the relationship tests in clauses 3(15) and 3(16). These cover a majority overlap in shareholders or partners by number, a shareholder or partner holding at least 25% in each entity, or one entity holding at least 25% in the other (50% in both of those tests for domestic guarantees under clause 3(16)), or a majority overlap in authorised directors or managing partners. A shared brand or informal group relationship is insufficient. Hotels, restaurants and tour businesses do not appear among these eight additions. Foreign ownership definitions and the prohibition on nominee arrangements remain applicable.

The Foreign Business Act decides which businesses a foreigner may run in Thailand, and the 2026 registration rules decide whether the company you set up will survive scrutiny. Both changed this year.

Last reviewed: 15 September 2026. Every section number below was read from the official English translation of the Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 prepared for the Department of Business Development. The registration orders were read from the Department of Business Development and Ministry of Commerce.

What the Act actually does

The Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 (1999) does two things. It defines who counts as a foreigner, and it lists the businesses that a foreigner may not operate without permission. Everything else in the statute follows from those two points.

Most of the trouble foreigners get into in Thailand comes from misreading the first one. The Act does not ask about your passport. It asks about the company.

Who is a “foreigner” under section 4

Section 4 defines a foreigner as any of the following:

  • a natural person who is not of Thai nationality;
  • a juristic person not registered in Thailand;
  • a juristic person registered in Thailand where at least one half of the capital shares are held by the two categories above, or where investment by them is at least equivalent to one half of the total capital;
  • a limited partnership or registered ordinary partnership whose managing partner or manager is a non-Thai natural person;
  • a juristic person registered in Thailand at least one half of whose shares are held by any of the above.

Two consequences are worth stating plainly. A Thai-registered company is a foreigner under this Act if half or more of its capital is foreign held, so the familiar 49 percent figure is not a tax rule or a convention, it is the point at which section 4 stops applying to you. And a partnership can be a foreigner purely because of who manages it, regardless of the capital split.

Section 4 also provides that shares represented by bearer share certificates are deemed held by foreigners unless a Ministerial Regulation says otherwise. If your structure relies on bearer instruments, assume they count against you.

The three Lists, under section 8

Section 8 is the operative prohibition, and it distinguishes three categories:

  • List One. Businesses not permissible to foreigners at all, by special reason. There is no licence route. Newspaper and broadcasting businesses, farming of several kinds, land trading and similar activities sit here.
  • List Two. Businesses affecting national safety or security, arts, culture, traditions, folk handicrafts, natural resources or the environment. A foreigner may operate these only with permission from the Minister with the approval of the Cabinet.
  • List Three. Businesses in which Thai nationals are “not yet ready to compete with foreigners”. This is where most service businesses sit, including a great deal of ordinary consulting, brokerage and retail activity. Permission comes from the Director-General with the approval of the Commission.

Section 8 opens with the words “Subject to section 6, section 7, section 10 and section 12”, and those cross references are the whole game. They are the lawful ways around the prohibition.

The law behind this page

English

Section 8 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Full text

Subject to sections 6, 7, 10 and 12: (1) An alien shall not operate a business that aliens are not permitted to carry on for special reasons, as specified in List One. (2) An alien shall not operate a business relating to the safety or security of the country, a business affecting art and culture, customs and folk handicrafts, or a business affecting natural resources or the environment, as specified in List Two, unless permitted by the Minister with the approval of the Council of Ministers. (3) An alien shall not operate a business in which Thai nationals are not yet ready to compete with aliens, as specified in List Three, unless permitted by the Director-General with the consent of the Committee.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 4 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Full text

In this Act: "alien" means: (1) a natural person who does not have Thai nationality; (2) a juristic person not registered in Thailand; (3) a juristic person registered in Thailand and having the following characteristics: (a) a juristic person in which shares representing half or more of its capital are held by persons under (1) or (2), or a juristic person in which persons under (1) or (2) have invested a value of half or more of its total capital; (b) a limited partnership or registered ordinary partnership whose managing partner or manager is a person under (1); (4) a juristic person registered in Thailand in which shares representing half or more of its capital are held by persons under (1), (2) or (3), or in which persons under (1), (2) or (3) have invested a value of half or more of its total capital. For the purposes of this definition, shares of a limited company for which bearer share certificates are issued are deemed to be shares of an alien, unless otherwise prescribed in a Ministerial Regulation. "capital" means the registered capital of a limited company, the paid-up capital of a public limited company, or the money contributed as shares by partners or members to a partnership or juristic person; "minimum capital" means the capital of an alien where the alien is a juristic person registered in Thailand, and, where the alien is a juristic person not registered in Thailand or a natural person, the foreign currency the alien brings in for use on commencing business in Thailand; "business" means engaging in agriculture, industry, handicraft, commerce, services or other activities, for trade; "licence" means a licence to operate a business; "licensee" means an alien who has received a licence; "certificate" means a certificate to operate a business; "certificate holder" means an alien who has received a certificate; "Committee" means the Foreign Business Committee; "competent official" means a person appointed by the Minister to act under this Act; "Registrar" means a person appointed by the Minister as Registrar of Foreign Business Operations; "Director General" means the Director General of the Department of Business Development; "Minister" means the Minister in charge of this Act.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 36 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Full text

A person of Thai nationality or a juristic person that is not an alien under this Act who assists or supports, or joins in operating, a business of an alien that is a business specified in the Lists annexed to this Act, where that alien has not been permitted to operate that business, or who joins in operating a business of an alien while representing it as being their business alone, or who holds shares on behalf of an alien in a partnership, limited company or any juristic person so that the alien may operate a business by evading or violating the provisions of this Act, and likewise an alien who consents to a person of Thai nationality or a juristic person that is not an alien under this Act doing such an act, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years, or a fine from 100,000 baht to 1,000,000 baht, or both, and the court shall order the assistance or support to cease, or the joint operation of the business to cease, or the shareholding or partnership to cease, as the case may be. A person who fails to comply with the court's order shall be liable to a fine of 10,000 baht to 50,000 baht per day for as long as the violation continues.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 37 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Full text

An alien who carries on a business in violation of section 6, 7 or 8 shall be punished with imprisonment not exceeding 3 years, or a fine of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both, and the court shall order the cessation of the business, the dissolution of the undertaking, or the termination of the shareholding or partnership, as the case may be. A person who fails to comply with the court's order shall be punished with a fine of 10,000 to 50,000 baht per day for as long as the violation continues.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 41 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Full text

Where a juristic person commits an offence under section 34, 35, 36 or 37, any director, partner or person authorised to act on behalf of the juristic person who connived at the offence, or who failed to take reasonable steps to prevent it, shall be liable to imprisonment not exceeding 3 years, or a fine of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 17 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Full text

To apply for permission to operate a business, an alien shall file an application with the Minister or the Director-General in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed in a ministerial regulation. The Council of Ministers, for a business under List Two, or the Director-General, for a business under List Three, shall complete consideration for approval or permission, as the case may be, within 60 days from the date the application is filed. Where there is a necessary reason why the Council of Ministers cannot complete its consideration for approval within that period, the period may be extended as necessary, but by not more than 60 days from the expiry of that period. Once the Council of Ministers has given approval or the Director-General has given permission under paragraph one, the Minister or the Director-General shall issue the licence within 15 days from the date of the approval by the Council of Ministers or the permission by the Director-General. In granting permission, the Minister may impose conditions as determined by the Council of Ministers or as prescribed in a ministerial regulation issued under section 18, for a business under List Two, and the Director-General may impose conditions as prescribed in a ministerial regulation issued under section 18, for a business under List Three. Where the Council of Ministers does not approve an alien's operation of a business under List Two, the Minister shall notify that alien of the refusal in writing within 30 days, clearly stating the reasons for it. Where the Director-General does not permit an alien to operate a business under List Three, the Director-General shall notify that alien of the refusal in writing within 15 days, clearly stating the reasons for it. That alien has the right to appeal the refusal order to the Minister, and section 20 applies mutatis mutandis.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 10 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Full text

Sections 5, 8, 15, 17 and 18 do not apply to an alien who carries on a business listed in the annexes to this Act with special temporary permission from the Government of the Kingdom of Thailand. An alien who carries on a business listed in the annexes to this Act under a treaty to which Thailand is a party or has an obligation shall be exempt from the application of the sections specified in the first paragraph, and shall be subject to the provisions and conditions of that treaty, which may include granting Thai persons and Thai enterprises reciprocal rights to carry on business in the alien's country of nationality.

ThaiLawOnline translation

Section 12 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Full text

Where a business of an alien that has received investment promotion under the law on investment promotion, or has received written permission to carry on industry or export trade under the law on the Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand or under another law, is a business listed in List Two or List Three annexed to this Act, the alien shall notify the Director-General in order to request a certificate. Once the Director-General or a competent official assigned by the Director-General has verified the correctness of the investment promotion certificate or the permit, the Director-General shall issue the certificate promptly, but not later than 30 days from the date of receiving notification of the grant of the investment promotion certificate or the permit, as the case may be. In this case the alien is exempt from the application of this Act, except sections 21, 22, 39, 40 and 42, for the whole period during which the business has received investment promotion or permission to carry on industry or export trade, as the case may be. The issue of a certificate under paragraph 1 shall be in accordance with the rules and procedures prescribed by the Director-General.

ThaiLawOnline translation

āđ„āļ—āļĒ

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 8 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āļž.āļĻ. 2542

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

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āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 4 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āļž.āļĻ. 2542

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āđƒāļ™āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰ “āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§â€ āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē (āđ‘) āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ”āļēāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđ„āļ—āļĒ (āđ’) āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ (āđ“) āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļĩāļĨāļąāļāļĐāļ“āļ°āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ„āļ›āļ™āļĩāđ‰ (āļ) āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļāļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ•āļēāļĄ (āđ‘) āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ (āđ’) āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ•āļēāļĄ (āđ‘) āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ (āđ’) āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļĄāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļāļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āđƒāļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ (āļ‚) āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ•āļēāļĄ (āđ‘) (āđ”) āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļļāļ™āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļāļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ•āļēāļĄ (āđ‘) (āđ’) āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ (āđ“) āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ•āļēāļĄ (āđ‘) (āđ’) āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­ (āđ“) āļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļĄāļĩāļĄāļđāļĨāļ„āđˆāļēāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļāļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āđƒāļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ‚āļĒāļŠāļ™āđŒāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļģāļ™āļīāļĒāļēāļĄāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļ§āđˆāļēāļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāđƒāļšāļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļ™āļīāļ”āļ­āļ­āļāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āđ€āļ§āđ‰āļ™āđāļ•āđˆāļˆāļ°āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĄāļĩāļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ â€œāļ—āļļāļ™â€ āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļļāļ™āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļļāļ™āļŠāļģāļĢāļ°āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļĄāļŦāļēāļŠāļ™āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļ™āļģāļĄāļēāļĨāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ â€œāļ—āļļāļ™āļ‚āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ•āđˆāļģ” āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļ—āļļāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļ”āļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ”āļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ–āļķāļ‡āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āļ•āļĢāļēāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāļīāđˆāļĄāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ â€œāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆâ€ āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ€āļāļĐāļ•āļĢāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļŦāļąāļ•āļ–āļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļžāļēāļ“āļīāļŠāļĒāļāļĢāļĢāļĄ āļāļēāļĢāļšāļĢāļīāļāļēāļĢ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļē “āđƒāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•” āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āđƒāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ â€œāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđƒāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•” āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđƒāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ• â€œāļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡â€ āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ â€œāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡â€ āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡ â€œāļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢ” āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ â€œāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆâ€ āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļœāļđāđ‰āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāđāļ•āđˆāļ‡āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰ “āļ™āļēāļĒāļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™â€ āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļœāļđāđ‰āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāđāļ•āđˆāļ‡āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ™āļēāļĒāļ—āļ°āđ€āļšāļĩāļĒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ â€œāļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩ” āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļāļĢāļĄāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļē* “āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩ” āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ§āđˆāļē āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 36 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āļž.āļĻ. 2542

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđ„āļ—āļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļīāđƒāļŠāđˆāļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļīāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āđāļ•āđˆāļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āđāļ—āļ™āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āđƒāļ™āļŦāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļšāļĢāļīāļĐāļąāļ—āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđƒāļ” āđ† āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŦāļĨāļĩāļāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāđˆāļēāļāļ·āļ™āļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļīāļ™āļĒāļ­āļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļŠāļąāļāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđ„āļ—āļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļīāđƒāļŠāđˆāļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ§āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ—āļĐāļˆāļģāļ„āļļāļāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļ›āļĩ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđāļŠāļ™āļšāļēāļ—āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļšāļēāļ— āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļģāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļš āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļ™āļąāļšāļŠāļ™āļļāļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļŠāļĩāļĒ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĢāļ“āļĩ āļŦāļēāļāļāđˆāļēāļāļ·āļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĻāļēāļĨāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ§āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ—āļĐāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ§āļąāļ™āļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ·āđˆāļ™āļšāļēāļ—āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŦāđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļ·āđˆāļ™āļšāļēāļ—āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļāđˆāļēāļāļ·āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 37 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āļž.āļĻ. 2542

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļœāļđāđ‰āđƒāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāđˆāļēāļāļ·āļ™āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ– āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ— āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ˜ āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ§āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ—āļĐāļˆāļģāļ„āļļāļāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļ›āļĩ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđāļŠāļ™āļšāļēāļ—āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļšāļēāļ— āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļģāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļš āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĻāļēāļĨāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļ–āļ·āļ­āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĢāļ“āļĩ āļŦāļēāļāļāđˆāļēāļāļ·āļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļĻāļēāļĨāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ§āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ—āļĐāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ§āļąāļ™āļĨāļ°āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ·āđˆāļ™āļšāļēāļ—āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŦāđ‰āļēāļŦāļĄāļ·āđˆāļ™āļšāļēāļ—āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļąāļ‡āļāđˆāļēāļāļ·āļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆ

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 41 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āļž.āļĻ. 2542

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ” āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ• āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ– āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ— āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢ āļŦāļļāđ‰āļ™āļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ­āļģāļ™āļēāļˆāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļāļēāļĢāđāļ—āļ™āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđƒāļˆāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĄāļīāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļˆāļąāļ”āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļēāļĄāļŠāļĄāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļ™āļĄāļīāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļ°āļ§āļēāļ‡āđ‚āļ—āļĐāļˆāļģāļ„āļļāļāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļ›āļĩ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđāļŠāļ™āļšāļēāļ—āļ–āļķāļ‡āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĨāđ‰āļēāļ™āļšāļēāļ— āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļģāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļš

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 17 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āļž.āļĻ. 2542

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ‚āļ­āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļĒāļ·āđˆāļ™āļ„āļģāļ‚āļ­āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āđˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ•āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļāđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļ™āļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļŠāļ­āļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļŠāļēāļĄāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ• āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĢāļ“āļĩ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđ€āļŠāļĢāđ‡āļˆāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļŦāļāļŠāļīāļšāļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĒāļ·āđˆāļ™āļ„āļģāļ‚āļ­ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļĄāļĩāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļēāļˆāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđ€āļŠāļĢāđ‡āļˆāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ‚āļĒāļēāļĒāļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ­āļ­āļāđ„āļ›āļ­āļĩāļāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļģāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™ āđāļ•āđˆāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļŦāļāļŠāļīāļšāļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ„āļĢāļšāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļ„āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ­āļ­āļāđƒāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļŠāļīāļšāļŦāđ‰āļēāļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ• āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ• āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļˆāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ” āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ‘āđ˜ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļŠāļ­āļ‡ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļˆāļ°āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļāļŽāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļĢāļ§āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ­āļāļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ‘āđ˜ āļŠāļģāļŦāļĢāļąāļšāļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļŠāļēāļĄ āļāđ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļŠāļ­āļ‡ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāđāļˆāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļŠāļīāļšāļ§āļąāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ™āļļāļĄāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļąāļ”āđāļˆāđ‰āļ‡ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļŠāļēāļĄ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāđāļˆāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļ—āļĢāļēāļšāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ™āļŠāļīāļšāļŦāđ‰āļēāļ§āļąāļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļąāļ”āđāļˆāđ‰āļ‡ āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļĄāļĩāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ­āļļāļ—āļ˜āļĢāļ“āđŒāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļ•āđˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļāļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāđ„āļ”āđ‰ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ™āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ’āđ āļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ­āļ™āļļāđ‚āļĨāļĄ

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 10 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āļž.āļĻ. 2542

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ• āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ˜ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ‘āđ• āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ‘āđ— āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ‘āđ˜ āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđāļāđˆāļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļˆāļēāļāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢāđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļ‰āļžāļēāļ°āļāļēāļĨ āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļ™āļ˜āļīāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļ„āļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļđāļāļžāļąāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļāļĢāļ“āļĩ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļĒāļāđ€āļ§āđ‰āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļēāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡ āđ† āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ„āļ§āđ‰āđƒāļ™āļ§āļĢāļĢāļ„āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ āđāļĨāļ°āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļ—āļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ™āļ˜āļīāļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļēāļˆāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ„āļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļŦāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāđ„āļ›āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļŠāļąāļāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āļ­āļšāđāļ—āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒ

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 12 āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§ āļž.āļĻ. 2542

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ•āđ‡āļĄ

āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™ āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļ•āļēāļĄāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļīāļ„āļĄāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ•āļēāļĄāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļŠāļ­āļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļšāļąāļāļŠāļĩāļŠāļēāļĄāļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđāļˆāđ‰āļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‚āļ­āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡ āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļĄāļ­āļšāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ•āļĢāļ§āļˆāļŠāļ­āļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļšāļąāļ•āļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļ­āļ­āļāļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļĢāđ‡āļ§ āđāļ•āđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļŠāļīāļšāļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļąāļšāđāļ•āđˆāļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāđāļˆāđ‰āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļšāļąāļ•āļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ• āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĢāļ“āļĩ āđƒāļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ™āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ§āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļĒāļāđ€āļ§āđ‰āļ™āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļšāļąāļ‡āļ„āļąāļšāđƒāļŠāđ‰āļžāļĢāļ°āļĢāļēāļŠāļšāļąāļāļāļąāļ•āļīāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āđ€āļ§āđ‰āļ™āđāļ•āđˆāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ’āđ‘ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ’āđ’ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ“āđ™ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ”āđ āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē āđ”āđ’ āļ•āļĨāļ­āļ”āļĢāļ°āļĒāļ°āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ˜āļļāļĢāļāļīāļˆāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļŠāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļīāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ‡āļ—āļļāļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļ­āļļāļ•āļŠāļēāļŦāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļ­āļšāļāļēāļĢāļ„āđ‰āļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļ āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āđāļ•āđˆāļāļĢāļ“āļĩ āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāļŦāļ™āļąāļ‡āļŠāļ·āļ­āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āļĢāļĢāļ„āļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āļ•āļēāļĄāļŦāļĨāļąāļāđ€āļāļ“āļ‘āđŒāđāļĨāļ°āļ§āļīāļ˜āļĩāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ˜āļīāļšāļ”āļĩāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”

āļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļāļīāļˆāļˆāļēāļ™āļļāđ€āļšāļāļĐāļē / āļŠāļģāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļāļĪāļĐāļŽāļĩāļāļē (Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State)

Français

Article 8 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Sous rÃĐserve des articles 6, 7, 10 et 12, l'ÃĐtranger ne peut exercer les activitÃĐs de la liste un; celles de la liste deux exigent l'autorisation du ministre avec l'approbation du Conseil des ministres; celles de la liste trois, l'autorisation du directeur gÃĐnÃĐral avec l'accord du ComitÃĐ.

rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel

Article 4 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Est ÃĐtrangÃĻre la personne physique sans nationalitÃĐ thaÃŊlandaise, la personne morale non enregistrÃĐe en ThaÃŊlande, ou celle enregistrÃĐe dont des ÃĐtrangers dÃĐtiennent au moins la moitiÃĐ du capital ou, pour une sociÃĐtÃĐ de personnes, dont le gÃĐrant est une personne physique ÃĐtrangÃĻre. L'article dÃĐfinit notamment capital et activitÃĐ commerciale.

rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel

Article 36 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Le ThaÃŊlandais ou la personne morale non ÃĐtrangÃĻre, prÊte-nom ou aidant un ÃĐtranger non autorisÃĐ pour une activitÃĐ des listes, et l'ÃĐtranger consentant, encourent jusqu'à 3 ans de prison et/ou 100 000 à 1 000 000 bahts. Cessation ordonnÃĐe, sous peine de 10 000 à 50 000 bahts par jour.

rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel

Article 37 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Un ÃĐtranger exerçant en violation des articles 6, 7 ou 8 encourt jusqu'à 3 ans de prison, ou 100 000 à 1 000 000 de bahts d'amende, ou les deux; le tribunal ordonne la cessation ou la fin de la participation. InexÃĐcution: 10 000 à 50 000 bahts par jour.

rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel

Article 41 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Lorsqu'une personne morale commet une infraction aux articles 34, 35, 36 ou 37, l'administrateur, l'associÃĐ ou le reprÃĐsentant complice, ou qui n'a pas pris les mesures raisonnables pour l'empÊcher, encourt jusqu'à 3 ans d'emprisonnement, ou 100 000 à 1 000 000 de bahts d'amende, ou les deux.

rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel

Article 17 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

L'ÃĐtranger dÃĐpose sa demande auprÃĻs du ministre ou du directeur gÃĐnÃĐral; dÃĐcision sous 60 jours, le Conseil des ministres pouvant, par nÃĐcessitÃĐ, prolonger de 60 jours au plus; licence dÃĐlivrÃĐe sous 15 jours. Tout refus est ÃĐcrit et motivÃĐ; celui du directeur gÃĐnÃĐral est susceptible de recours devant le ministre.

rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel

Article 10 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

Les articles 5, 8, 15, 17 et 18 ne s'appliquent pas à l'ÃĐtranger autorisÃĐ spÃĐcialement à titre temporaire par le gouvernement, ni à celui opÃĐrant sous un traitÃĐ auquel la ThaÃŊlande est liÃĐe, lequel s'applique alors et peut prÃĐvoir la rÃĐciprocitÃĐ.

rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel

Article 12 Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542

L'ÃĐtranger dont l'activitÃĐ des listes 2 ou 3 bÃĐnÃĐficie d'une promotion des investissements ou d'un permis industriel ou d'exportation demande au Directeur gÃĐnÃĐral un certificat, dÃĐlivrÃĐ sous 30 jours; il est alors exemptÃĐ de la loi, sauf les articles 21, 22, 39, 40 et 42, pendant cet avantage.

rÃĐsumÃĐ non officiel

Supreme Court decisions

  • 5457/2560 (2017): Sham Loan Hiding a Business Bought Through Thai Nominee Shareholders: Void, and the Money Irrecoverable
  • 2252/2560 (2017): Foreign Company Trading Land Loses the Right to Prosecute Its Own Directors

Sources

  • Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542, retrieved 2 November 2026
  • deka.supremecourt.or.th, Supreme Court of Thailand decisions database (copy held in our library), retrieved 19 February 2026

The three routes that make a restricted business lawful

1. A Foreign Business Licence, under section 17

The application goes to the Minister or to the Director-General depending on the List. Section 17 sets the timetable, and it is more generous to the applicant than the practice sometimes feels:

  • the Cabinet (List Two) or the Director-General (List Three) must complete consideration within sixty days of filing;
  • for Cabinet consideration, that period may be extended where there is an inevitable cause, but by no more than a further sixty days;
  • once approval or permission is given, the licence must be issued within fifteen days.

Section 5 sets out what the decision is supposed to weigh: effects on national safety and security, economic and social development, public order and good morals, national values in arts and culture, conservation, energy, the environment, consumer protection, the size of the undertaking, employment, technology transfer, and research and development. If you are preparing an application, those are the headings to answer.

2. A Foreign Business Certificate under a treaty, sections 10 and 11

Section 10 disapplies sections 5, 8, 15, 17 and 18 for foreigners operating under a treaty to which Thailand is a party. Section 11 is the mechanism: you notify the Director-General, and the certificate must be issued without delay and no later than thirty days from receipt of the written notification. If the notification does not comply, the Director-General must tell you inside the same thirty days.

The best known example is the Treaty of Amity between Thailand and the United States. It is not the only one. Section 10 is drafted for any qualifying treaty, which is why Australians reach the same certificate route under TAFTA. What the Treaty of Amity gives that others do not is the breadth of its national treatment, not exclusive access to section 10.

3. BOI promotion

A promoted company has its own provision, section 12, and not the section 11 route above: section 11 is drafted for a foreigner under section 10, which is the government-permission and treaty case. Section 12 applies where the business of a foreigner who has received investment promotion, or permission under the Industrial Estate Authority law, is in List Two or List Three. The company notifies the Director-General, who issues the certificate within thirty days, and it is then exempt from this Act altogether, except sections 21, 22, 39, 40 and 42, for as long as the promotion lasts. That exemption is the substantive difference, and section 11 contains nothing like it. Note what section 12 does not cover: List One is outside it, so promotion is no route to a List One business. Within the Lists it does reach, this is what permits full foreign ownership in eligible activities. See our guide to the Board of Investment in Thailand.

Minimum capital, section 14

Section 14 sets the floor. The minimum capital a foreigner uses to start a business in Thailand must not be less than the amount prescribed by Ministerial Regulation, and in any case not less than two million baht. Where the business is one requiring permission under the Lists, the prescribed minimum must be not less than three million baht. The Ministerial Regulation may also fix the time within which that capital must be brought into Thailand.

There is a carve-out that is regularly missed: section 14 does not apply where the foreigner uses money or property derived as revenue from a business already operating in Thailand to start another business, subscribe for shares, or invest in another undertaking.

The 2026 registration crackdown, in the order it happened

Apart from one amendment to List Three item (13), noted below, the Act itself did not change in 2026. What changed is how hard it is to register a company that has a foreigner anywhere near it. The Department of Business Development issued six orders and two notifications, and most published summaries carry only one or two of them.

The Department’s own Legal Office summary, dated 16 December 2568, sets out the first package:

  • Order 2/2568, in force 1 January 2026. Applies to formation of a partnership or limited company where a foreigner co-invests below 50 percent of registered capital, and also where no foreigner is a shareholder at all but a foreigner is a director with authority to bind the company. Each Thai partner or shareholder must file three months of bank statements showing a withdrawal or transfer matching their capital contribution.
  • Order 3/2568. Applies to people connected with predicate offences or mule accounts on the Anti-Money Laundering Office list. Those partners, shareholders or directors must appear in person before the registrar before registration is accepted, with unexpired identification.
  • Order 4/2568. Applies to the registered head office address where it is shared with entities already registered there. The registrar must check the address against civil registration records every time, and the applicant must produce a consent letter and proof of the right to use the premises.
  • Order 5/2568. Applies where a partner, shareholder or director holds a State Welfare Card. That person must appear in person before the registrar, with the same document set.
  • Two notifications fix who may witness a signature on a registration application, namely licensed auditors, accountants registered with the Federation of Accounting Professions, the head, managing partner or director of a quality accounting office, and licensed security enforcers. Those witnesses must register and verify their identity through the DBD Biz Regist digital system.

Two further orders followed in 2026:

  • Order 1/2569, issued 16 March 2026, in force 1 April 2026, and repealed on 1 August 2026 by Order 2/2569. It reached amendments that admit a foreigner as a partner, or as a director with signing power. The requirement survives: clause 4 of Order 2/2569 now requires an Investment Confirmation Letter on the annexed form in those situations. A false statement to the registrar is an offence under sections 137 and 267 of the Penal Code.
  • Order No. 2/2569, in force 1 August 2026. At incorporation, clauses 2 and 3 of DBD Order No. 2/2569 apply where foreign partners or shareholders hold less than 50% of capital, or where a company has no foreign shareholder but a foreign authorised signatory. The filing requires the Investment Explanation Letter, three months of the relevant Thai investors’ payment-account statements and receiving-account evidence. Later qualifying amendments use a different form under clause 4; clause 5 adds evidence for specified first-year amendments. Clause 4 requires an Investment Confirmation Letter for the specified changes introducing foreign participation or changing previously all-Thai authorised signatories to include a foreign signatory. Clause 5 adds an Investment Explanation Letter and bank evidence of paid-up capital only where the entity was incorporated on or after 1 August 2026 and the qualifying amendment is filed within one year of incorporation. Read the order and forms.

Read together, the practical position since 1 August 2026 is that a foreigner cannot be quietly added to an existing Thai company later. That was the ordinary workaround, and it is now the transaction the Department is looking hardest at. Our page on the 2026 nominee crackdown covers the enforcement side, and regulatory reform for companies covers the wider reform programme.

Ministerial Regulation No. 5 (2026): eight service businesses no longer need a licence

The Ministerial Regulation Prescribing Service Businesses Not Requiring Permission for Foreigners to Operate Businesses (No. 5) B.E. 2569 is in force. It was published in the Royal Gazette on 28 August 2026, following the Cabinet’s approval in principle on 12 May 2026. It takes eight service businesses out of the licence requirement for "other service businesses" in List Three, so a foreigner carrying on one of them no longer needs a Foreign Business Licence or a Foreign Business Certificate for that activity. The eight fall into three groups.

Group 1: sector-regulated services (the sector licence still applies)

  • Type 1 telecommunications services, meaning services provided without the operator’s own network. The NBTC licence is still required.
  • Treasury centre services carried on under the Bank of Thailand’s exchange control rules.
  • Securities-purchase lending, subject to the applicable securities-law conditions.
  • Buying securities under a reverse repurchase agreement, subject to the applicable securities-law conditions. The regulation separately revises the existing derivatives exemption.

Group 2: intra-group services only

  • Administrative, human resources and IT management services.
  • Guarantees of domestic debts.

Both are exempt only when provided between juristic persons that meet the relationship test in the regulation, which turns on common shareholding or common directors. Being in the same group in a loose commercial sense is not enough, so check the test against your own shareholding chart before you rely on it.

Group 3: ancillary services

  • Petroleum drilling services under a contract made directly with a petroleum concessionaire, production-sharing contractor or service contractor under petroleum law.
  • Leasing space for ATMs, electronic financial service machines or vending machines for the benefit of a company’s own employees.

What has not changed

  • The definition of a foreigner in section 4 and the 49 percent threshold are untouched. A company with half or more of its capital held by foreigners is still a foreigner.
  • List Three item (13) was amended by Royal Decree (No. 2) B.E. 2569, published in the Royal Gazette on 28 September 2026 and in force from 29 September 2026: internal trade in indigenous agricultural products remains restricted, except trading in agricultural futures in a futures exchange centre under the Futures Contracts Act, with delivery or receipt in a warehouse designated by the centre, which no longer needs a Foreign Business Licence. Every other item in Lists One, Two and Three is unchanged, and SEC/TFEX sector licensing still applies.
  • Sector licences still apply in full (NBTC, Bank of Thailand, SEC, Department of Mineral Fuels).

Not covered: hotels, restaurants, tours and language schools

After the regulation was published, posts circulating online claimed that it freed hotels, restaurants, tour operators, souvenir shops, sports services and language schools from the licence requirement. On 14 September 2026 the Director-General of the Department of Business Development, Poonpong Naiyanapakorn, denied this publicly: those businesses are not in the regulation at all. They remain restricted exactly as before, and running one through a Thai nominee is still an offence under section 36.

If your business is one of the eight, check the relationship test and the sector licence first, then decide whether a pending licence application is still needed. If it is not one of the eight, nothing has changed for you.

Sources: Baker McKenzie client alert (2 September 2026); The Nation (3 September 2026); The Thaiger, report of the Department of Business Development denial (14 September 2026).

Offences and penalties, and who actually gets charged

The penalty sections are widely misquoted, including on Thai law websites. These are the four that matter, read from the official translation.

SectionWho commits itPenalty
Section 34 A licensed or certified foreigner who keeps operating after the licence is suspended or revoked, or after the business has been ordered to cease Up to 3 years imprisonment, or a fine of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both, plus a further fine of 10,000 baht per day throughout the violation
Section 35 A licensed foreigner who fronts for another foreigner who has no permission, or runs a business co-owned with them while holding it out as their own Up to 3 years imprisonment, or a fine of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both, and the court orders the participation or operation to cease. Breach of that order: 10,000 to 50,000 baht per day
Section 36 The nominee provision, and it catches both sides: the Thai national or Thai juristic person who assists, aids and abets, operates jointly while holding it out as their own, or holds shares as a foreigner’s nominee; and the foreigner who allows that to be done Up to 3 years imprisonment, or a fine of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both, and the court orders the assistance, joint operation or shareholding to cease. Breach of that order: 10,000 to 50,000 baht per day throughout the violation
Section 37 A foreigner who operates a business in violation of section 6, section 7 or section 8, that is, without the licence or certificate required Up to 3 years imprisonment, or a fine of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both, and the court orders the operation, undertaking or shareholding to cease. Breach of that order: 10,000 to 50,000 baht per day

Note what section 37 is not. It is not the nominee provision. Section 36 is. We have seen section 37 described as the provision that targets foreign principals in nominee arrangements, including in material published by law firms, and it is wrong: section 37 is the general offence of operating in violation of sections 6, 7 or 8. If you are reading advice that gets this backwards, be careful with the rest of it.

Note also what the court may order. Sections 35, 36 and 37 give the court power to order cessation, with a daily fine for defying that order. Section 37 goes further: where a foreigner is convicted of operating in breach, the court must also order the business stopped, the undertaking wound up (āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢ) or the shareholding given up, as the case requires. Sections 35 and 36 reach only the operation, the assistance or the shareholding.

Section 41: the directors are personally liable

This is the provision that changes how a director should behave, and almost nobody puts it on the page.

Where a juristic person commits an offence under section 34, 35, 36 or 37, section 41 makes directors, partners and persons with authority to represent the juristic person personally liable if they connived at the offence or failed to take reasonable action to prevent it. The penalty is the same as the company’s: up to three years imprisonment, or a fine of 100,000 to 1,000,000 baht, or both.

“Failed to take reasonable action to prevent it” is not a high bar for a prosecutor. Put it next to Order 2/2569, which now requires a named director to sign an Investment Explanation Letter about the very shareholding that would be at issue, and the exposure is obvious. A director who signs that letter without checking where the Thai shareholders’ money actually came from is signing the evidence.

What to do about it

  1. Check what List your activity is actually in before you assume you need a licence, and before you assume you do not.
  2. Decide the route deliberately: licence, treaty certificate, or BOI. They have different timetables, different decision makers and different ongoing conditions.
  3. Fund the Thai shareholders properly and document it. Since 1 January 2026 the bank statements are part of the file, and since 1 August 2026 so is an explanation letter.
  4. Look at existing structures too. Order 2/2569 reaches later changes of shareholders and directors, so a structure that was registered without scrutiny can still meet it on the next amendment.
  5. If you are a director, read section 41 and satisfy yourself before you sign anything.

Frequently asked questions

Does the Foreign Business Act stop a foreigner owning 100 percent of a Thai company?

Not by itself. The Act restricts the business activities in the three annexed Lists, not ownership as such. A foreigner may own a company outright where the activity is not restricted, or where a Foreign Business Licence, a treaty certificate under sections 10 and 11, or BOI promotion covers it. Where the activity is restricted and none of those applies, section 4 means a company with 50 percent or more foreign capital is itself a foreigner and cannot lawfully carry it on.

Is section 37 the nominee provision?

No, and this is the most common error in English-language material on the Act. Section 36 is the nominee provision, and it catches both the Thai nominee and the foreigner who allows the arrangement. Section 37 is the general offence of a foreigner operating in violation of sections 6, 7 or 8, which in practice means operating without the licence or certificate required.

Can a Thai court dissolve my company under the Foreign Business Act?

On a conviction under Section 37, the court must order a foreigner operating in breach to stop the business, to wind up the undertaking (āđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļīāļˆāļāļēāļĢ) or to give up its shareholding. Sections 35 and 36 reach only the operation, the assistance or the shareholding. Each order is backed by a fine of 10,000 to 50,000 baht for every day the order is defied. That is severe enough in practice, because the business has to stop.

What is the minimum capital for a foreigner under the Act?

Section 14 sets a floor of not less than two million baht generally, and not less than three million baht where the business requires permission under the Lists, with the exact figure fixed by Ministerial Regulation. The floor does not apply where the money comes from revenue of a business the foreigner already operates in Thailand.

How long should a Foreign Business Licence take?

Section 17 requires the decision within sixty days of filing, extendable by up to a further sixty days only where the Cabinet faces an inevitable cause, and the licence must then be issued within fifteen days. A treaty certificate under section 11 runs on a shorter clock: the Director-General must issue it without delay and no later than thirty days from the written notification.

Which businesses no longer need a Foreign Business Licence since 2026?

Eight service businesses, under Ministerial Regulation No. 5 B.E. 2569, published in the Royal Gazette on 28 August 2026 and in force: Type 1 telecoms without an own network, treasury centres, securities-purchase lending, reverse repurchase transactions, intra-group administrative, HR and IT services and domestic guarantees between related companies, petroleum drilling under direct contracts with concessionaires, production-sharing contractors or service contractors, and space for ATMs or vending machines for a company’s own staff. Hotels, restaurants, tour operators and language schools are not covered, as the Department of Business Development confirmed on 14 September 2026. List Three item (13) was amended by Royal Decree (No. 2) B.E. 2569, published in the Royal Gazette on 28 September 2026 and in force from 29 September 2026: internal trade in indigenous agricultural products remains restricted, except trading in agricultural futures in a futures exchange centre under the Futures Contracts Act, with delivery or receipt in a warehouse designated by the centre, which no longer needs a Foreign Business Licence. Every other item in Lists One, Two and Three is unchanged, and SEC/TFEX sector licensing still applies.

I already have a Thai company. Do the 2026 orders affect me?

They can. Order 2/2569, in force since 1 August 2026, extends the checks beyond formation to changes in shareholder and director structure after registration. Introducing foreign participation or a foreign authorised signatory to an existing company now requires the Investment Confirmation Letter under clause 4. Clause 5 adds the Investment Explanation Letter and bank evidence of paid-up capital only where the entity was incorporated on or after 1 August 2026 and the amendment is filed within one year of incorporation.

Talk to a Thai lawyer before you file

Serving foreigners in Thailand since 2006, ThaiLawOnline.com advises on Foreign Business Licences, treaty certificates, BOI structures and company formation, and reviews existing structures against the 2026 registration rules. We will tell you plainly whether a structure will hold.

Schedule a consultation, or read our guides to registering a company in Thailand, setting up a company as a foreigner and company registration costs.

This article is general information, not legal advice for your situation. It states the law as read on 22 August 2026 from the official translation of the Foreign Business Act B.E. 2542 and from the Department of Business Development and Ministry of Commerce. Proposals described as approved in principle are not law and may change or lapse.

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