Civil Procedure Code

Section 222/34 — When interruption of prescription is undone

Statutory text (Thai original)

ในกรณีที่อายุความสะดุดหยุดลงเพราะเหตุตามมาตรา ๒๒๒/๓๓ หากมีกรณีดังต่อไปนี้ ให้ถือว่าอายุความไม่เคยสะดุดหยุดลง
(๑) ศาลมีคำพิพากษาถึงที่สุดให้ยกฟ้อง
(๒) ศาลมีคำสั่งยกเลิกการดำเนินคดีแบบกลุ่ม
(๓) ศาลมีคำสั่งจำหน่ายคดีเพราะเหตุถอนฟ้อง
(๔) ศาลยกคำฟ้องเพราะเหตุคดีไม่อยู่ในอำนาจศาลหรือโดยไม่ตัดสิทธิสมาชิกกลุ่มที่จะฟ้องคดีใหม่
(๕) สมาชิกกลุ่มออกจากการเป็นสมาชิกกลุ่มตามมาตรา ๒๒๒/๑๖ มาตรา ๒๒๒/๒๙ หรือมาตรา ๒๒๒/๓๐
ในกรณีตาม
(๒)
(๓)
(๔) และ
(๕) หากปรากฏว่าอายุความการฟ้องคดีของสมาชิกกลุ่มครบกำหนดไปแล้วในระหว่างการพิจารณา หรือจะครบกำหนดภายในกำหนดเวลาหกสิบวันนับแต่วันที่คำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งนั้นถึงที่สุด ให้สมาชิกกลุ่มมีสิทธิฟ้องคดีเพื่อตั้งหลักฐานสิทธิเรียกร้องหรือเพื่อให้ชำระหนี้ภายในหกสิบวันนับแต่วันที่คำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งถึงที่สุดหรือนับแต่วันที่สมาชิกกลุ่มไม่เป็นสมาชิกกลุ่ม แล้วแต่กรณี
ความในวรรคสองให้ใช้บังคับในกรณีที่สมาชิกกลุ่มผู้ใดถูกปฏิเสธคำขอรับชำระหนี้โดยอ้างเหตุว่าไม่เป็นสมาชิกกลุ่มตามคำพิพากษา เนื่องจากศาลได้มีคำพิพากษาโดยกำหนดลักษณะเฉพาะของกลุ่มแตกต่างจากลักษณะเฉพาะของกลุ่มตามที่ศาลได้มีคำสั่งอนุญาตให้ดำเนินคดีแบบกลุ่มตามมาตรา ๒๒๒/๑๒ วรรคสอง โดยให้มีสิทธิฟ้องคดีนับแต่วันที่คำสั่งปฏิเสธคำขอรับชำระหนี้ถึงที่สุด

English translation

Where prescription has been interrupted by reason of section 222/33, if any of the following occurs, prescription shall be deemed never to have been interrupted:
(1) the court renders a final judgment dismissing the claim;
(2) the court orders the cancellation of the class action;
(3) the court orders the striking out of the case by reason of withdrawal of the plaint;
(4) the court dismisses the plaint by reason that the case is not within the court's jurisdiction, or without prejudice to the right of the group members to file a new case;
(5) a group member withdraws from group membership under section 222/16, section 222/29 or section 222/30.
In the cases under (2), (3), (4) and (5), if it appears that the prescription period for the filing of a claim by the group members expired during the consideration, or will expire within sixty days from the date on which the judgment or order became final, the group members shall have the right to file a case to establish evidence of their claim or to obtain payment of the debt within sixty days from the date on which the judgment or order became final or from the date on which the group member ceased to be a group member, as the case may be.
The provision in paragraph two shall apply in the case where any group member is refused a request for payment of the debt on the ground that he is not a group member according to the judgment, because the court rendered judgment prescribing the specific characteristics of the group differently from the specific characteristics of the group as ordered when permitting the class action under section 222/12 paragraph two, whereby such member shall have the right to file a case from the date on which the order refusing the request for payment of the debt became final.

This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified — always rely on the Thai original.

Firm annotation

This is the counterweight to section 222/33. Because interruption of prescription is a powerful protection, the law withdraws it retroactively when the class action fails or a member exits, listing five triggers in paragraph one. Rather than leave members exposed, paragraph two grants a sixty-day rescue window measured from finality of the judgment or order, or from the date the member left the group, for four of those triggers (the exception is a final dismissal on the merits under (1), where the claim has been adjudicated). Paragraph three addresses a subtle scenario: a member excluded because the final judgment defined the group more narrowly than the certification order under section 222/12 paragraph two, giving that member a fresh sixty-day right running from the refusal of the debt claim. The section is essential to reading section 222/33 correctly.

Why this matters in practice

The key takeaway is that relying on a class action to preserve your claim carries risk: if the case is cancelled, withdrawn, dismissed for lack of jurisdiction, or you opt out, prescription is treated as never interrupted, and you may have only sixty days to sue on your own. Diarize the finality date of any adverse order and the date you leave a group. The trickiest case is being written out of the group by a narrower final definition; if a debt-payment request is refused on that basis, your sixty days run from that refusal. Because these deadlines are short and unforgiving, get advice as soon as a class action turns against members.

Frequently asked questions

Can the limitation protection from a class action be lost?

Yes. Under section 222/34, if the claim is dismissed, the class action is cancelled, the plaint is withdrawn, the case is dismissed for lack of jurisdiction, or a member opts out, prescription is treated as if it was never interrupted.

If I lose class membership, how long do I have to sue on my own?

Section 222/34 generally gives sixty days from the date the judgment or order became final, or from the date you ceased to be a group member, to file your own case where prescription has already run or is about to.

What if the final judgment defines the group so I fall outside it?

Under section 222/34 paragraph three, a member refused a debt-payment request because the final judgment defined the group more narrowly may file their own case within sixty days from the date that refusal became final.

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This is educational reference, not legal advice. Consult a qualified Thai lawyer before relying on any provision.

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