Section 224/1
Statutory text (Thai original)
ถ้าลูกหนี้มีหน้าที่ผ่อนชำระหนี้เงินเป็นงวด และลูกหนี้ผิดนัดไม่ชำระหนี้ในงวดใด เจ้าหนี้อาจเรียกดอกเบี้ยในระหว่างเวลาผิดนัดได้เฉพาะจากต้นเงินของงวดที่ลูกหนี้ผิดนัดนั้น
ข้อตกลงใดขัดกับความในวรรคหนึ่ง ข้อตกลงนั้นเป็นโมฆะ
Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State
English translation
If the debtor is bound to repay a money debt by instalments and the debtor defaults in payment of any instalment, the creditor may claim interest for the period of default only on the principal of the instalment in respect of which the debtor is in default.
Any agreement contrary to paragraph one is void.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 224/1 is part of Book 2 (Obligations) of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. This entry is awaiting firm-authored commentary; the statutory text above is verbatim from the Office of the Council of State (OCS Krisdika) Thai source, with the English translation adapted from the FAO/UN FAOLEX repository and corrected in house against the Thai. Always rely on the Thai original for legal proceedings.
Why this matters in practice
Lawyers: In any instalment loan or hire-purchase dispute arising after 11 April 2021, calculate default interest only on the specific principal amount of the overdue instalment, not on the entire remaining loan balance. Draft or review loan agreements to ensure default-interest clauses comply, non-compliant clauses are void. Laypersons: If you miss one instalment payment, the lender can only charge default interest on that one missed payment's principal, not on the total amount you still owe.
Legislative history
Section 224/1 is a new provision, inserted into the Civil and Commercial Code by the Emergency Decree Amending the Civil and Commercial Code B.E. 2564 (2021). It has no predecessor in the original Code. It applies to default interest on instalments falling due on or after 11 April 2021.
Cited in 1 Supreme Court decisions (2025 to 2025)
Selected citing decisions
- Decision 2274/2568 (2025)
This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.
Counted across the firm's corpus of 83,652 Supreme Court decisions, 1921 to 2026. The count is complete; the stated year range trims rare outliers so it describes where the citations actually sit. These figures are computed by us and are not official court statistics. How we count these, and what we measured
Frequently asked questions
If I miss one instalment on a loan, can the lender charge default interest on the full loan balance?
No, not for default interest accruing from 11 April 2021 onward. Under section 224/1 (inserted by Emergency Decree B.E. 2564), default interest on an instalment debt may only be calculated on the principal of the specific instalment that is overdue. Any contract term allowing the lender to charge default interest on the entire outstanding balance is void.
Related guides on ThaiLawOnline
Cite this section
-
Plain citation
Civil and Commercial Code, s. 224/1 (Thailand) -
Academic citation
Civil and Commercial Code (Thailand), s. 224/1. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-224-1/ (accessed 28 August 2026). -
Thai citation
ป.พ.พ. มาตรา 224/1 -
Permalink
https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-224-1/ -
Embed on your site
<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-224-1/"><p>If the debtor is bound to repay a money debt by instalments and the debtor defaults in payment of any instalment, the creditor may claim interest for the period of default only on the principal of the instalment in respect of which the debtor is…</p><footer>Civil and Commercial Code, s. 224/1 (Thailand): <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-224-1/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.