Civil & Commercial Code

Book 2: Obligations

Contract formation, performance, breach, damages, and torts.

Sections 194 to 452 · 260 sections in the official text

Last reviewed: 12 October 2026

Amendments recorded for this Book
  • Emergency Decree Amending the Civil and Commercial Code B.E. 2564 (2021) , in force 11 April 2021. Sections: 224, 224/1

The list above is built from the amendment notes on our section pages.

Other amending instruments

  • Act Amending the Civil and Commercial Code (No. 22) B.E. 2558 (2015). Sections: 305
  • Act Amending the Civil and Commercial Code (No. 13) B.E. 2541 (1998). Sections: 253, 257
  • Act Amending the Civil and Commercial Code B.E. 2478. Sections: 214

Source: footnotes in the consolidated text published by the Office of the Council of State (version in force 25 March 2025). Each instrument is listed with the sections whose current wording it gave; amendments later replaced by another instrument are not shown. English names are our translation, not yet reviewed by the firm.

Annotated sections in this Book

Title 1: General Provisions ss. 194 to 353 · 161 sections
Chapter 1: Object of Obligations ss. 194 to 202 · 9 sections
Chapter 2: Effects of Obligations ss. 203 to 289 · 88 sections
Part 1: Non-Performance of Obligations ss. 203 to 225 · 24 sections
Part 2: Subrogation ss. 226 to 232 · 7 sections
Part 3: Exercise of the Debtor's Rights of Claim ss. 233 to 236 · 4 sections
Part 4: Revocation of Fraudulent Acts ss. 237 to 240 · 4 sections
Part 5: Right of Retention ss. 241 to 250 · 10 sections
Part 6: Preferential Rights ss. 251 to 289 · 39 sections
1. General Preferential Rights ss. 253 to 258 · 6 sections
2. Special Preferential Rights ss. · 0 sections
(a) Over Movable Property ss. 259 to 272 · 14 sections
(b) Over Immovable Property ss. 273 to 276 · 4 sections
3. Order of Preferential Rights ss. 277 to 280 · 4 sections
4. Effects of Preferential Rights ss. 281 to 289 · 9 sections
Chapter 3: Plurality of Debtors and Creditors ss. 290 to 302 · 13 sections
Chapter 4: Assignment of Claims ss. 303 to 313 · 11 sections
Chapter 5: Extinguishment of Obligations ss. 314 to 353 · 40 sections
Part 1: Performance of Obligations ss. 314 to 339 · 26 sections
Part 2: Release of Debt ss. 340 · 1 sections
Part 3: Set-Off ss. 341 to 348 · 8 sections
Part 4: Novation ss. 349 to 352 · 4 sections
Part 5: Merger of Debts ss. 353 · 1 sections
Title 2: Contracts ss. 354 to 394 · 41 sections
Chapter 1: Formation of Contracts ss. 354 to 368 · 15 sections
Chapter 2: Effects of Contracts ss. 369 to 376 · 8 sections
Chapter 3: Earnest Money and Stipulated Penalties ss. 377 to 385 · 9 sections
Chapter 4: Termination of Contracts ss. 386 to 394 · 9 sections
Title 3: Management of Affairs Without Mandate ss. 395 to 405 · 11 sections
Title 4: Undue Enrichment ss. 406 to 419 · 14 sections
Title 5: Wrongful Acts ss. 420 to 452 · 33 sections
Chapter 1: Liability for Wrongful Acts ss. 420 to 437 · 18 sections
Chapter 2: Compensation for Wrongful Acts ss. 438 to 448 · 11 sections
Chapter 3: Exemption from Liability ss. 449 to 452 · 4 sections

Headings marked "draft" and short descriptions marked "draft" were prepared from the statutory text and have not yet been reviewed by the firm.

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