Section 449: Tort against state officials, limit
Statutory text (Thai original)
บุคคลใดเมื่อกระทำการป้องกันโดยชอบด้วยกฎหมายก็ดี กระทำตามคำสั่งอันชอบด้วยกฎหมายก็ดี หากก่อให้เกิดเสียหายแก่ผู้อื่นไซร้ ท่านว่าบุคคลนั้นหาต้องรับผิดใช้ค่าสินไหมทดแทนไม่ผู้ต้องเสียหายอาจเรียกค่าสินไหมทดแทนจากผู้เป็นต้นเหตุให้ต้องป้องกันโดยชอบด้วยกฎหมาย หรือจากบุคคลผู้ให้คำสั่งโดยละเมิดนั้นก็ได้
Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State
English translation
A person who, acting in lawful defence or under a lawful command, has caused injury to any other person is not liable to make compensation. The injured person can claim compensation from the person against whom the lawful defence was directed, or from the person who wrongfully gave the command, as the case may be.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 449 is part of Book 2 (Obligations) of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. This entry is awaiting firm-authored commentary; the statutory text above is verbatim from the Office of the Council of State (OCS Krisdika) Thai source, with the English translation from the FAO/UN FAOLEX repository. Always rely on the Thai original for legal proceedings.
Cited in 17 Supreme Court decisions (1954 to 2015)
Selected citing decisions
- Decision 843/2558 (2015)
- Decision 684/2538 (1995)
- Decision 5774/2530 (1987)
- Decision 1927/2528 (1985)
- Decision 1991/2527 (1984)
- Decision 1044/2525 (1982)
- Decision 2151/2516 (1973)
- Decision 2151-2152/2516 (1973)
This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.
Counted across the firm's corpus of 83,652 Supreme Court decisions, 1921 to 2026. The count is complete; the stated year range trims rare outliers so it describes where the citations actually sit. These figures are computed by us and are not official court statistics. How we count these, and what we measured
Related guides on ThaiLawOnline
Cite this section
-
Plain citation
Civil and Commercial Code, s. 449 (Thailand) -
Academic citation
Civil and Commercial Code (Thailand), s. 449. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-449/ (accessed 8 August 2026). -
Thai citation
ป.พ.พ. มาตรา 449 -
Permalink
https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-449/ -
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<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-449/"><p>A person who, acting in lawful defence or under a lawful command, has caused injury to any other person is not liable to make compensation. The injured person can claim compensation from the person against whom the lawful defence was directed, or from the person…</p><footer>Civil and Commercial Code, s. 449 (Thailand) — <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-449/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.