Section 291 — Joint and several obligations
Statutory text (Thai original)
ถ้าบุคคลหลายคนจะต้องทำการชำระหนี้โดยทำนองซึ่งแต่ละคนจำต้องชำระหนี้สิ้นเชิงไซร้ แม้ถึงว่าเจ้าหนี้ชอบที่จะได้รับชำระหนี้สิ้นเชิงได้แต่เพียงครั้งเดียว (กล่าวคือลูกหนี้ร่วมกัน) ก็ดี เจ้าหนี้จะเรียกชำระหนี้จากลูกหนี้แต่คนใดคนหนึ่งสิ้นเชิงหรือแต่โดยส่วนก็ได้ตามแต่จะเลือก แต่ลูกหนี้ทั้งปวงก็ยังคงต้องผูกพันอยู่ทั่วทุกคนจนกว่าหนี้นั้นจะได้ชำระเสร็จสิ้นเชิง
Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State
English translation
If several persons owe an act of performance in such manner that each is bound to effect the whole performance, though the creditor is entitled to obtain the whole performance only once (i.e. joint debtors), the creditor may demand the performance at his option from any one of the debtors, in the whole or in part. Untill the whole performance has been effected all of the debtors remain bound.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified — always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 291 is part of Book 2 (Obligations) of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. This entry is awaiting firm-authored commentary; the statutory text above is verbatim from the Office of the Council of State (OCS Krisdika) Thai source, with the English translation from the FAO/UN FAOLEX repository. Always rely on the Thai original for legal proceedings.
Supreme Court decisions interpreting this section
- 12498/2558 (2015) ★ Medical professionals owe a duty of care based on the standard of
- 8565-8566/2558 (2015) ★ The company that installed the pyrotechnics was found criminally liable alongside its directors
- 8155/2555 (2012) ★ The Supreme Court convicted under Section 291 for causing death by negligence
- 3356/2549 (2006) ★ Medical professionals are held to the standard of care expected of a
- 2134/2547 (2004) ★ Voluntary intoxication does not automatically negate intent to kill
- 889/2544 (2001) ★ The Supreme Court convicted the defendant of causing death by negligence under Section 291
- 3446/2537 (1994) ★ The Supreme Court extended corporate criminal liability to negligent crimes under Section
- 2790/2531 (1988) ★ The Supreme Court determined the defendant possessed intent to kill, as he
- 1326/2510 (1967) ★ Both drivers bore criminal responsibility under Section 291, as each independently failed
- 983/2508 (1965) ★ The Supreme Court drew an important distinction: the station master's failure to
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