Section 291: Joint and several obligations
Statutory text (Thai original)
ถ้าบุคคลหลายคนจะต้องทำการชำระหนี้โดยทำนองซึ่งแต่ละคนจำต้องชำระหนี้สิ้นเชิงไซร้ แม้ถึงว่าเจ้าหนี้ชอบที่จะได้รับชำระหนี้สิ้นเชิงได้แต่เพียงครั้งเดียว (กล่าวคือลูกหนี้ร่วมกัน) ก็ดี เจ้าหนี้จะเรียกชำระหนี้จากลูกหนี้แต่คนใดคนหนึ่งสิ้นเชิงหรือแต่โดยส่วนก็ได้ตามแต่จะเลือก แต่ลูกหนี้ทั้งปวงก็ยังคงต้องผูกพันอยู่ทั่วทุกคนจนกว่าหนี้นั้นจะได้ชำระเสร็จสิ้นเชิง
Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State
English translation
If several persons owe an act of performance in such manner that each is bound to effect the whole performance, though the creditor is entitled to obtain the whole performance only once (i.e. joint debtors), the creditor may demand the performance at his option from any one of the debtors, in the whole or in part. Untill the whole performance has been effected all of the debtors remain bound.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
Section 291 is part of Book 2 (Obligations) of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. This entry is awaiting firm-authored commentary; the statutory text above is verbatim from the Office of the Council of State (OCS Krisdika) Thai source, with the English translation from the FAO/UN FAOLEX repository. Always rely on the Thai original for legal proceedings.
Cited in 54 Supreme Court decisions (1956 to 2025)
Selected citing decisions
- Decision 319/2568 (2025)
- Decision 8881/2568 (2025)
- Decision 2127/2565 (2022)
- Decision 7004/2559 (2016)
- Decision 12384/2558 (2015)
- Decision 3526/2558 (2015)
- Decision 20550/2556 (2013)
- Decision 7631/2552 (2009)
This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.
Most often cited alongside
- Section 296 7
- Section 292 6
- Section 425 5
- Section 301 5
- Section 688 5
- Section 426 4
Sections that appear in the same judgments as this one most often. The figure is the number of decisions.
Counted across the firm's corpus of 83,652 Supreme Court decisions, 1921 to 2026. The count is complete; the stated year range trims rare outliers so it describes where the citations actually sit. These figures are computed by us and are not official court statistics. How we count these, and what we measured
Cite this section
-
Plain citation
Civil and Commercial Code, s. 291 (Thailand) -
Academic citation
Civil and Commercial Code (Thailand), s. 291. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-291/ (accessed 8 August 2026). -
Thai citation
ป.พ.พ. มาตรา 291 -
Permalink
https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-291/ -
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<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-291/"><p>If several persons owe an act of performance in such manner that each is bound to effect the whole performance, though the creditor is entitled to obtain the whole performance only once (i.e. joint debtors), the creditor may demand the performance at his option from…</p><footer>Civil and Commercial Code, s. 291 (Thailand) — <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-291/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.