Book 2: Obligations

Section 434: Liability for buildings and structures

Statutory text (Thai original)

ถ้าความเสียหายเกิดขึ้นเพราะเหตุที่โรงเรือน หรือสิ่งปลูกสร้างอย่างอื่นก่อสร้างไว้ชำรุดบกพร่องก็ดี หรือบำรุงรักษาไม่เพียงพอก็ดี ท่านว่าผู้ครองโรงเรือนหรือสิ่งปลูกสร้างนั้น ๆ จำต้องใช้ค่าสินไหมทดแทน แต่ถ้าผู้ครองได้ใช้ความระมัดระวังตามสมควรเพื่อปัดป้องมิให้เกิดเสียหายฉะนั้นแล้ว ท่านว่าผู้เป็นเจ้าของจำต้องใช้ค่าสินไหมทดแทนบทบัญญัติที่กล่าวมาในวรรคก่อนนั้นให้ใช้บังคับได้ตลอดถึงความบกพร่องในการปลูกหรือค้ำจุนต้นไม้หรือกอไผ่ด้วยในกรณีที่กล่าวมาในสองวรรคข้างต้นนั้น ถ้ายังมีผู้อื่นอีกที่ต้องรับผิดชอบในการก่อให้เกิดเสียหายนั้นด้วยไซร้ ท่านว่าผู้ครองหรือเจ้าของจะใช้สิทธิไล่เบี้ยเอาแก่ผู้นั้นก็ได้

Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State

English translation

If damage is caused by reason of the defective construction or insufficient maintenance of a building or other structure, the possessor of such building or structure is bound to make compensation, but if the possessor has used proper care to prevent the happening of the damage, the owner is bound to make compensation. The provisions of the foregoing paragraph apply correspondingly to defects in the planting or propping of trees or bamboos. If in cases of the foregoing two paragraphs there is also some other person who is responsible for the cause of the damage, the possessor or owner may exercise a right of recourse against such person.

This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.

Firm annotation

Section 434 is part of Book 2 (Obligations) of the Thai Civil and Commercial Code. This entry is awaiting firm-authored commentary; the statutory text above is verbatim from the Office of the Council of State (OCS Krisdika) Thai source, with the English translation from the FAO/UN FAOLEX repository. Always rely on the Thai original for legal proceedings.

Cited in 10 Supreme Court decisions (1953 to 2001)

Selected citing decisions

  • Decision 212/2544 (2001)
  • Decision 158/2540 (1997)
  • Decision 4128/2528 (1985)
  • Decision 1438/2526 (1983)
  • Decision 1028/2505 (1962)
  • Decision 3593/2528 (1985)
  • Decision 1358-1359/2496 (1953)
  • Decision 1358/2496 (1953)

This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.

Counted across the firm's corpus of 83,652 Supreme Court decisions, 1921 to 2026. The count is complete; the stated year range trims rare outliers so it describes where the citations actually sit. These figures are computed by us and are not official court statistics. How we count these, and what we measured

Related guides on ThaiLawOnline

Cite this section

  • Plain citation Civil and Commercial Code, s. 434 (Thailand)
  • Academic citation Civil and Commercial Code (Thailand), s. 434. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-434/ (accessed 28 August 2026).
  • Thai citation ป.พ.พ. มาตรา 434
  • Permalink https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-434/
  • Embed on your site <blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-434/"><p>If damage is caused by reason of the defective construction or insufficient maintenance of a building or other structure, the possessor of such building or structure is bound to make compensation, but if the possessor has used proper care to prevent the happening of the…</p><footer>Civil and Commercial Code, s. 434 (Thailand): <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-434/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>

The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.

This is educational reference, not legal advice. Consult a qualified Thai lawyer before relying on any provision.

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