Civil Procedure Code

Section 249: When the Supreme Court grants leave to dika

Statutory text (Thai original)

ให้ศาลฎีกาพิจารณาอนุญาตให้ฎีกาตามมาตรา ๒๔๗ ได้ เมื่อเห็นว่าปัญหาตามฎีกานั้นเป็นปัญหาสำคัญที่ศาลฎีกาควรวินิจฉัย
ปัญหาสำคัญตามวรรคหนึ่ง ให้รวมถึงกรณีดังต่อไปนี้
(๑) ปัญหาที่เกี่ยวพันกับประโยชน์สาธารณะ หรือความสงบเรียบร้อยของประชาชน
(๒) เมื่อคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลอุทธรณ์ได้วินิจฉัยข้อกฎหมายที่สำคัญขัดกันหรือขัดกับแนวบรรทัดฐานของคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลฎีกา
(๓) คำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลอุทธรณ์ได้วินิจฉัยข้อกฎหมายที่สำคัญซึ่งยังไม่มีแนวคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลฎีกามาก่อน
(๔) เมื่อคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลอุทธรณ์ขัดกับคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งอันถึงที่สุดของศาลอื่น
(๕) เพื่อเป็นการพัฒนาการตีความกฎหมาย
(๖) ปัญหาสำคัญอื่นตามข้อกำหนดของประธานศาลฎีกา
ข้อกำหนดของประธานศาลฎีกาตามวรรคสอง
(๖) เมื่อได้รับความเห็นชอบจากที่ประชุมใหญ่ศาลฎีกาและประกาศในราชกิจจานุเบกษาแล้วให้ใช้บังคับได้
ในกรณีที่ศาลฎีกามีคำสั่งไม่อนุญาตให้ฎีกา ให้คำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งของศาลอุทธรณ์เป็นที่สุดตั้งแต่วันที่ได้อ่านคำพิพากษาหรือคำสั่งนั้น

English translation

The Supreme Court shall grant leave to dika under Section 247 when it is of the view that the question raised in the dika is an important question that the Supreme Court should decide.
An important question under paragraph one includes the following cases:
(1) a question connected with the public interest or with public order;
(2) where the judgment or order of the Court of Appeal has decided an important question of law in conflict with, or contrary to, a line of precedent set by judgments or orders of the Supreme Court;
(3) where the judgment or order of the Court of Appeal has decided an important question of law on which there is no prior line of Supreme Court judgments or orders;
(4) where the judgment or order of the Court of Appeal conflicts with a final judgment or order of another court;
(5) to develop the interpretation of the law;
(6) other important questions in accordance with the regulations of the President of the Supreme Court.
The regulations of the President of the Supreme Court under paragraph two (6) shall come into force once they have been approved by the plenary session of the Supreme Court and published in the Government Gazette.
Where the Supreme Court makes an order refusing leave to dika, the judgment or order of the Court of Appeal shall be final from the day it was read.

This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.

Firm annotation

Section 249 states the substantive test for the leave decision that Section 247 requires and Section 248's panel applies. Leave turns on whether the dika raises an important question of the kind the Supreme Court should decide, and paragraph two lists non-exhaustive categories that count as important, centred on legal significance rather than the amount in dispute. Item (6) allows the President of the Supreme Court to add further categories by regulation, effective once approved by the plenary session and published in the Gazette. The final paragraph fixes the consequence of a refusal: the Court of Appeal judgment becomes final from the day of its reading. This is the current provision under the 2015 leave-based reform; the earlier Section 249 concerned points not properly raised below and dika that lacked substance.

Why this matters in practice

The lesson for anyone weighing a dika is that value alone will not open the Supreme Court's door: you must show a genuinely important legal question, such as a conflict with precedent, a gap in the case law, or a clash with another court's final decision. Frame the leave application around one of these categories, not around how much money is at stake. Because a refusal makes the Court of Appeal judgment final at once, it is wise to test your prospects in a consultation with a Thai lawyer before committing.

Cited in 1,890 Supreme Court decisions (1960 to 2025)

Selected citing decisions

  • Decision 44/2568 (2025)
  • Decision 1323/2565 (2022)
  • Decision 5300/2563 (2020)
  • Decision 2496/2563 (2020)
  • Decision 2026/2563 (2020)
  • Decision 1930/2563 (2020)
  • Decision 1180/2563 (2020)
  • Decision 5133/2562 (2019)

This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.

Most often cited alongside

Sections that appear in the same judgments as this one most often. The figure is the number of decisions.

Counted across the firm's corpus of 83,652 Supreme Court decisions, 1921 to 2026. The count is complete; the stated year range trims rare outliers so it describes where the citations actually sit. These figures are computed by us and are not official court statistics. How we count these, and what we measured

Frequently asked questions

What makes the Supreme Court grant leave to dika?

Under Section 249 it grants leave only where the dika raises an important question it should decide, for example public order, a conflict with precedent, a gap in the case law, or a clash with another court's final judgment.

Is a large amount in dispute enough to get leave?

No. Section 249 focuses on the legal importance of the question, not the amount at stake, so value alone will not secure leave to dika.

What happens if leave to dika is refused?

The Court of Appeal judgment or order becomes final from the day it was read, so the case ends there.

Related guides on ThaiLawOnline

Cite this section

  • Plain citation Civil Procedure Code, s. 249 (Thailand)
  • Academic citation Civil Procedure Code (Thailand), s. 249. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-249/ (accessed 11 August 2026).
  • Thai citation ป.วิ.พ. มาตรา 249
  • Permalink https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-249/
  • Embed on your site <blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-249/"><p>The Supreme Court shall grant leave to dika under Section 247 when it is of the view that the question raised in the dika is an important question that the Supreme Court should decide. An important question under paragraph one includes the following cases: (1)…</p><footer>Civil Procedure Code, s. 249 (Thailand) — <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-procedure-code/section-249/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>

The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.

This is educational reference, not legal advice. Consult a qualified Thai lawyer before relying on any provision.

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