Section 1391: Dominant owner's right to preserve and use the servitude
Statutory text (Thai original)
เจ้าของสามยทรัพย์มีสิทธิทำการทุกอย่างอันจำเป็นเพื่อรักษาและใช้ภาระจำยอม แต่ต้องเสียค่าใช้จ่ายของตนเอง ในการนี้เจ้าของสามยทรัพย์จะก่อให้เกิดความเสียหายแก่ภารยทรัพย์ได้ก็แต่น้อยที่สุดตามพฤติการณ์เจ้าของสามยทรัพย์ต้องเสียค่าใช้จ่ายของตนเองรักษาซ่อมแซมการที่ได้ทำไปแล้วให้เป็นไปด้วยดี แต่ถ้าเจ้าของภารยทรัพย์ได้รับประโยชน์ด้วยไซร้ ท่านว่าต้องออกค่าใช้จ่ายตามส่วนแห่งประโยชน์ที่ได้รับ
Verbatim from the Royal Gazette / Office of the Council of State
English translation
The owner of the dominant property is entitled, at his own expense, to do all that is necessary to preserve and make use of the servitude. He must, in doing so, cause as little damage as possible to the servient property. He must at his own expense keep the work done in a state of good maintenance and repair. However, if the owner of the servient property benefits by the work, he must bear a share of the expenses in proportion to the benefit which he receives.
This English translation is provided for reference only and has not yet been firm-verified. Always rely on the Thai original.
Firm annotation
บทบัญญัตินี้เป็นเรื่องสิทธิและหน้าที่ของเจ้าของสามยทรัพย์ในการรักษาและใช้ภาระจำยอม เจ้าของสามยทรัพย์ทำการทุกอย่างอันจำเป็นได้ แต่ต้องออกค่าใช้จ่ายเอง ต้องก่อความเสียหายแก่ภารยทรัพย์แต่น้อยที่สุด และต้องรักษาซ่อมแซมสิ่งที่ทำไปแล้วให้อยู่ในสภาพดี ถ้าเจ้าของภารยทรัพย์ได้รับประโยชน์จากสิ่งนั้นด้วย ก็ต้องออกค่าใช้จ่ายตามส่วนแห่งประโยชน์ที่ได้รับ ข้อพิพาทที่พบบ่อยคือใครรับผิดชอบค่าซ่อมทางภาระจำยอม
Supreme Court decisions interpreting this section
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 1217/2558 (2015)
Suing the servient owner to compel registration of a servitude is itself an act necessary to preserve and use the servitude under section 1391, so the dominant owners have standing to bring that action - even where the servitude already arises by operation of law and needs no registration in order to exist.
Thirty owners of houses in a subdivision sued the three owners of the five plots carrying the estate road, water, electricity and drainage, asking the court to order registration of the servitude that arises by operation of law under Revolutionary Council Announcement No. 286, clause 30 paragraph one. The defendants argued the plaintiffs had no standing because no one had blocked the utilities. The Supreme Court held that nothing forbids registering a servitude arising under that Announcement, and that suing to compel registration is itself an act necessary to preserve and use the servitude under section 1391, so the plaintiffs had standing. It also upheld the finding that the third defendant, by demolishing the estate spirit house and fencing off the road with metal sheeting, caused the benefit of the servitude to be diminished and impaired, contrary to law and a tort against the plaintiffs.
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Supreme Court Judgment No. 5273/2538 (1995)
Filling and raising a servitude path to match the level of an adjacent public road is a necessary preservation work permitted under section 1391.
The plaintiff (dominant owner) had the right to fill and raise the servitude path after a government road was constructed at a higher level than the path, rendering the path unusable. This was a necessary work for preservation and exercise of the servitude under section 1391.
Curated decisions with case numbers verified against the Supreme Court database. English renderings are the firm's editorial translation for study.
Cited in 21 Supreme Court decisions (1962 to 2025)
Selected citing decisions
- Decision 3718/2568 (2025) Industrial-Estate Developers Must Provide Public Utilities to All Sold Plots: Section 1391
- Decision 2621/2559 (2016)
- Decision 10665/2558 (2015)
- Decision 1217/2558 (2015)
- Decision 1440/2548 (2005)
- Decision 6855/2548 (2005)
- Decision 3563/2543 (2000)
- Decision 3482/2541 (1998)
This list is selected automatically, weighted towards judgments that turn on this section rather than ones that merely recite it when passing sentence. It has not yet been reviewed by the firm.
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Related guides on ThaiLawOnline
Cite this section
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Plain citation
Civil and Commercial Code, s. 1391 (Thailand) -
Academic citation
Civil and Commercial Code (Thailand), s. 1391. ThaiLawOnline, https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-1391/ (accessed 28 August 2026). -
Thai citation
ป.พ.พ. มาตรา 1391 -
Permalink
https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-1391/ -
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<blockquote cite="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-1391/"><p>The owner of the dominant property is entitled, at his own expense, to do all that is necessary to preserve and make use of the servitude. He must, in doing so, cause as little damage as possible to the servient property. He must at his…</p><footer>Civil and Commercial Code, s. 1391 (Thailand): <a href="https://www.thailawonline.com/thai-civil-code/section-1391/">ThaiLawOnline</a></footer></blockquote>
The Thai text is authoritative. The English is an unofficial translation by ThaiLawOnline, free to reuse with attribution.